Ukhenketho
Ukhenketho luhambo lokuzonwabisa okanye ishishini, kunye nomsebenzi worhwebo wokubonelela nokuxhasa olo hambo. UMbutho weHlabathi wezoKhenketho uchaza ukhenketho ngokubanzi, ngokwemigaqo ethi "ngaphaya kwembono eqhelekileyo yokhenketho njengento elinganiselweyo kwimisebenzi yeholide kuphela", njengabantu "abahambahambayo nabahlala kwiindawo ezingaphandle kwendawo yabo yesiqhelo isithuba esingadlulanga unyaka omnye olandelelanayo ukuphumla kwaye kungabi ngaphantsi kweeyure ezingama-24, ishishini kunye nezinye iinjongo". [1] Ukhenketho lunokuba lolwasekhaya (kwilizwe lomkhenkethi) okanye olwamazwe ngamazwe, kwaye ukhenketho lwamazwe ngamazwe lunefuthe elingenayo neliphumayo kwibhalansi yentlawulo yelizwe.
Amanani oKhenketho aye ancipha ngenxa yokudodobala koqoqosho olumandla (ekupheleni konyaka ka-2000) phakathi kwesiqingatha sesibini sika-2008 kunye nokuphela kuka-2009, kwaye ngenxa yokuqhambuka kwentsholongwane yomkhuhlane ka-2009 H1N1, [2] [3] kodwa yalulama kancinci de ubhubhani we-COVID-19 uphelise ukukhula ngequbuliso. UMbutho weZizwe eziManyeneyo woKhenketho weHlabathi uqikelele ukuba abakhenkethi bamazwe ngamazwe abafikayo bangehla nge-58% ukuya kwi-78% ngo-2020, okukhokelela kwilahleko enokubakho ye-US$0.9–1.2 yetriliyoni kwiirisithi zokhenketho. [4]
Ehlabathini lonke, iirisithi zokhenketho zamazwe ngamazwe (into yokuhamba kwibhalansi yeentlawulo) ikhule yaya kutsho kwi- yetriliyoni yeebhiliyoni zeedola) ngo-2005, ehambelana nokunyuka kwemimiselo yokwenyani ye-3.8% ukusuka ku-2010 [5] Ukufika kwabakhenkethi bamazwe ngamazwe kuye kwagqitha isiganeko esiyibhiliyoni yabakhenkethi kwihlabathi okokuqala ngqa ngowama-2012 [6] Iimarike zemithombo ekhulayo ezifana neTshayina, iRashiya, kunye neBrazil ziye zandisa kakhulu inkcitho yazo kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo. [7]
Ukhenketho lwehlabathi luphendula I-8% yokukhutshwa kwerhasi yegreenhouse yehlabathi. [8] Izinto ezikhutshwayo kunye nezinye iimpembelelo ezibalulekileyo zokusingqongileyo nezentlalo azisoloko ziluncedo kuluntu lwengingqi kunye noqoqosho lwalo. Ngesi sizathu, imibutho emininzi yophuhliso lwabakhenkethi sele iqalile ukugxila kukhenketho oluzinzileyo ukunciphisa iziphumo ezibi ezibangelwa yimpembelelo ekhulayo yokhenketho. UMbutho weZizwe eziManyeneyo wezoKhenketho weHlabathi ugxininise ezi zenzo ngokukhuthaza ukhenketho njengenxalenye yeeNjongo zoPhuhliso oluZinzileyo, ngeenkqubo ezifana ne- International Year for Sustainable Tourism for Development kwi-2017, [9] kunye neenkqubo ezifana ne- egxininisa indlela i -SDG 8, SDG. I-12 kunye ne -SDG 14 ibandakanya ukhenketho ekudaleni uqoqosho oluzinzileyo. [10]
Ukhenketho lufikelele kumanqanaba amatsha kunye neshishini elikhulayo lokhenketho lwasemajukujukwini kunye neshishini langoku elineenqanawa zokuhamba ngenqanawa, zininzi iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokhenketho. Olunye ushishino olutsha olunokubakho lukhenketho olubonakalayo.
Nt
- ↑ "UNWTO technical manual: Collection of Tourism Expenditure Statistics" World Tourism Organization 1995 p. 10 archived from the original on 22 September 2010 retrieved 26 March 2009 Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "International tourism challenged by deteriorating global economy" UNWTO World Tourism Barometer 7 (1) January 2009 archived from the original on 17 October 2013 retrieved 17 November 2011 Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "UNWTO World Tourism Barometer Interim Update" UNWTO World Tourism Barometer August 2010 archived from the original on 17 October 2013 retrieved 17 November 2011 Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "International Tourist Numbers Could Fall 60-80% in 2020" www.unwto.org retrieved 16 September 2020
- ↑ UNWTO Tourism Highlights: 2017 Edition (in English) World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) 1 July 2017 ISBN 978-92-844-1902-9 doi:10.18111/9789284419029
- ↑ "UNWTO World Tourism Barometer" UNWTO World Tourism Barometer 11 (1) January 2013 archived from the original on 28 February 2013 retrieved 9 April 2013 Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "China – the new number one tourism source market in the world" World Tourism Organization 4 April 2013 archived from the original on 8 April 2013 retrieved 9 April 2013 Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Lenzen, Manfred; Sun, Ya-Yen; Faturay, Futu; Ting, Yuan-Peng; Geschke, Arne; Malik, Arunima (7 May 2018) "The carbon footprint of global tourism" Nature Climate Change (Springer Nature Limited) 8 (6): 522–528 Bibcode:2018NatCC...8..522L ISSN 1758-6798 doi:10.1038/s41558-018-0141-x "[...] between 2009 and 2013, tourism's global carbon footprint has increased from 3.9 to 4.5 GtCO2e, four times more than previously estimated, accounting for about 8% of global greenhouse gas emissions. Transport, shopping and food are significant contributors. The majority of this footprint is exerted by and in high-income countries."
- ↑ Tourism and the Sustainable Development Goals – Journey to 2030, Highlights (in English) World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) 2017-12-18 ISBN 978-92-844-1934-0 doi:10.18111/9789284419340
- ↑ "Tourism & Sustainable Development Goals – Tourism for SDGs" retrieved 2021-01-10