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Indian Princely States K-Z
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Princely States of India K-Z

States: Kachari - Kachh (Kutch) - Kadana - Kalahandi - Kalsia - Kambay (Cambay) - Kamta Rajaula - Kangra - Kanika - Kanker - Kannur (Cannanore) - Kapurthala - Karauli - Kashtwar - Kathiwara (Kathiwada) - Kathiwada (Kathiwara) - Keonjhar - Keonthal - Khairagarh - Khandpara - Khaniadhana - Kharsawan - Kashmir - Khasi States - Khilchipur - Khirasra - Kishangarh - Koch Bihar (Cooch Behar) - Kochin (Cochin) - Kodagu (Coorg) - Kolaba (Colaba) - Kolhapur - Korea - Kota (Kotah) - Kotda-Sangani - Kothi - Kotkhai - Kozhikode (Calicut) - Kullu - Kumaon - Kumharsain - Kunihar - Kurandvad Junior Branch - Kurandvad Senior Branch - Kurnool - Kurwai - Kushalgarh - Kutlehar - Lakhtar - Lathi - Lawa - Limbdi - Loharu - Lugasi - Lunavada (Lunawada) - Mahisur (Mysore) - Mahlog (Mahilog) - Maihar - Makrai - Maler Kotla - Malia (Maliya) - Malpur - Manavadar (Bantva-Manavadar) - Mandi - Mangal - Manipur - Mansa - Mathwar - Mayurbhanj - Miraj Junior Branch - Miraj Senior Branch - Mohanpur - Morvi - Mudhol - Muhammadgarh - Muli - Nabha - Nagodh - Nagpur - Naigawan-Rebai - Nalagarh - Nandgaon (Raj Nandgaon) - Nargund - Narsinghgarh (Narsingarh) - Narsinghpur - Nawanagar (Navanagar) - Nayagarh - Nayagaon - Nilgiri - Nimrana - Nurpur - Orchha - Pahra - Pal Lahara - Palanpur - Paldeo - Palitana - Pañjab (Punjab) - Panna - Partabgarh - Pataudi - Patdi - Pathari - Patiala - Patna - Peshwa's dominions (Pune) - Phaltan - Piploda - Poonch (Punch) - Porahat - Porbandar - Pudukottai - Radhanpur - Raigarh - Rairakhol - Rajauri (Rajouri) - Rajgarh - Rajkot - Rajpipla - Ramdurg - Ramnad - Rampur - Ranasan - Ranpur - Ratanmal - Ratlam - Rewa (Rewah) - Sachin - Sakti - Sambalpur - Samthar - Sandur - Sangli - Sangri - Sanjeli - Sant - Sardargadh - Sarila - Satara - Savantwadi (Savantvadi) - Savanur - Sayla - Seraikella - Shahpura - Shailana (Sailana) - Siba (Dada-Siba) - Sikkim - Sirmur - Sirohi - Sitamau - Sivaganga - Sohawal - Sonepur (Sonpur) - Suket - Surat -Surgana - Surguja - Talcher - Tanjur (Tanjore) - Taraon - Tehri Garhwal - Tharad - Tharoch - Tigiria - Tiruvidamkodu (Travancore) - Tonk - Tori-Fatehpur - Tripura (Hill Tipperah) - Udaipur (Madhya Pradesh) - Udaipur (Mewar) - Utkala (Khurda, Orissa) - Vadia - Vala (Vallabhipura) - Valasna (Walasna) - Vankaner (Wankaner) - Vijaynagar (Pol) - Virpur - Wadagam (Vadagam) - Wadhwan - Wadi (Vadi) - Wao (Vav, Wai) - Zainabad -

Note
:
The British ruled India with two administrative systems: British Provinces and Indian "princely" states; about 60% of the territory of the Indian sub-continent were provinces and 40% were princely states. Provinces were British territories directly administered by the colonial government of British India. Princely states were states with native rulers which had entered into treaty relations with the British by treaty (in case of the 40 important states, as of 1947) or by short declaration (sanad). 
  Except for some states that were extinguished by the middle of the 19th century (such as Arkat, Assam, Awadh, Jhansi, Kangra, Kannanur, Kodagu, Kozhikode, Kullu, Nagpur, Pañjab, Satara, Surat, Tanjur, Utkala), this record contains those Indian ("princely") states that existed after the end of the East India Company rule in 1858 and acceded to India with effective date on or after 15 Aug 1947. This list is selective, there were roughly 584 states when Britain granted the Indian independence on 15 Aug 1947; about 262 are listed here (not listed are most of the small Gujarat states). Rulers of 118 states (113 in modern India, 4 in Pakistan, plus Sikkim) were entitled to gun salutes. Number of guns indicated rank of the ruler (hereditary number of guns as of 1947 noted below under each state. The states continued after their accession to India until their "integration" (merger into larger provinces/states or in case of 9 states becoming provinces/states on their own) at various dates from Jan 1948 to Jan 1950 (Jammu and Kashmir in 1952). Personal privileges of former rulers were abolished in 1971.
  However, only "states" are included; "estates" (
jagir), "estate revenue grants" (thikana), and "land grants" (zamindari) are excluded, no matter how prominent and/or titled their their jagirdars, thakurs, or zamindars were. It appears though that before 1858 the British did not clearly distinguish between states and estates. An exception is made for eight estates in direct relations with the British as of 1947 that were not part of the British India provinces. Obsolete but once official English-language names  of the polities are given in parentheses, i.e., Awadh (Oudh). The princely states of India entered into protectorate/tributary relations with Britain by the end of the 19th century, where exact dates are known they are noted. The phrase "British India" is used for U.K. colonial possessions even before 1858, for brevity. 
  British (and Indian) local political officers (residents, agents, commissioners) usually were in charge of multiple states, they are recorded under the state where they had their office or under one of largest states. The Residents and Agents to the Governor-General (AGGs) were political officers of the highest rank (almost all of them are recorded in this record), the Political Agents and others (their record is selective) ranked below the Residents and AGGs, and were subordinated to the Residents or AGGs or the provincial governors, representing the Governor-General.


Party abbreviations: ABHM = Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha (All-India Hindu Grand-Assembly, Hindu nationalist, split from INC, est.1915); ABKM = Akhil Bharatiya Kshatriya Mahasabha (All-India Kshatriya Grand-Assembly, royalist, conservative, est.1897); AISPC = All India States People's Conference (social-democratic, association of princely states-based parties, 1927-25 Apr 1948, merged into INC); CPP = Cochin Progressive Party (center-left, pro-responsible government in Cochin, 1938-1948); INC = Indian National Congress Party (populist, social-democratic, pro-independence, est.1885)

Kachari


835 AD                     Legendary foundation of predecessor state Dimasa.
1540                       Capital moved to Maibang.
1757                       Capital moved to Khaspur.
Mar 1819 - Jun 1825        Occupied by Burma.
1832                       Annexed to British India (part of Bengal; from 1874 Assam).

Rajas
1699 - 1708                Tamradhwaj Narayan
1708 - 1710                Chandraprabha (f)
1710 - 1730                Suradarpa Narayan
1730 - 1735                Dharmadhwaj Narayan
                             (Harischandra Narayan)
1735 - 1745                Kirichandra Narayan
1745 - 1757                Gopichandra Narayan
1757 - 1772                Harischandra II
1772 - 1813                Krishnachandra Narayan Hasnusa
1813 - 24 Apr 1830         Gobindchandra Narayan Hasnusa      (d. 1830)
1830 - 1832                Senapoti Tularam Thaosen           (d. 1854)



Kachh (Kutch/Cutch)
 
[Kachh (Kutch)
                          to 1948 (India)]
to 1 Jun 1948
[Kachh (Kutch)
                          Merchant Flag 1921-1947 (India)]
  2 Aug 1921 - 14 Aug 1947 Merchant Flag
Capital: Bhuj
Population: 500,800 (1941)
State Forces/Troops: 1,230 (1939)
Salute: 17 guns

1270                       Kachh (Kutch/Cutch) state founded.
15 Jan 1816                British protectorate, confirmed in 13 Oct 1819 (by treaty).
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
 1 Jun 1948                Integrated as Kutch province (from 26 Jan 1950 state).
 1 Nov 1956                Part of Bombay.
 1 May 1960                Part of Gujarat.

Rulers (hereditary title to 1918 Mirza Rao; from 1 Jan 1918, Mirza Maharao; personal
title
Maharao; 1740-1918 Mirza Maharao; from 1 Jan 1918,
Maharajadhiraj Mirza Maharao)
1698 - 1715                Pragmalji I                        (b. 16.. - d. 1715)
1715 - 1719                Ghodaji I                          (b. 16.. - d. 1719)
1719 - 1752                Daishalji I                        (d. 1752)
1741 - 1752                Lakhpatji -Regent                  (b. 1717 - d. 1761)
1752 - 1761                Lakhpatji
                         (s.a.)
1761 - 1778                Ghodaji II
                        (b. 1734 - d. 1778)
1778 - 1786                Rayadhanji III (1st time)          (b. 1763 - d. 1813)
1786 - 1801                Prithvirajsinhji                   (b. 17.. - d. 1801)
1786 -  5 Oct 1813         Fath Mohammed -Regent
1801 - 30 Oct 1813         Rayadhanji III (2nd time)          (s.a.)
Oct 1813 - 1814            Husain Miyan -Regent
 6 Nov 1813 - 25 Mar 1819  Bharmalji II                       (b. 1798 - d. 1846)
25 Mar 1819 - 26 Jul 1860  Daishalji II                       (b. 1816 - d. 1860)
25 Mar 1819 - 28 Apr 1820  James MacMurdo -Regent             (b. 1785 - d. 1820)
1825 -  8 Jul 1834         Henry Pottinger
-Regent            (b. 1789 - d. 1856)
26 Jul 1860 -  1 Jan 1876  Pragmalji II                       (b. 1838 - d. 1876)
                             (from 20 May 1871, Sir Pragmalji II Daishalji)
                             (regent from Jul 1859)

 
1 Jan 1876 - 15 Jan 1942  Khengarji III                      (b. 1866 - d. 1942)
                            
(from 30 Jun 1887, Sir Khengarji III)
 1 Jan 1876 - 11 Aug 1884  
Council of Regency
                           [political agent president]
                           - William Chase Parr (1876-1877?)  (b. 1826 - d. 1895)
                           - Lionel Chase Barton (1877-1878)  (b. 1828 - d. 1893)
                           - Henry Nicholas Reeves (1878-1879)(b. 1841 - d. 1889)
                           - James Hayes Sadler (1879-1880)   (b. 1851 - d. 1922)
                           - George Ritso Goodfellow          (b. 1836 - d. 1892)
                              (1880?-Oct 1882)
                           - Augustus Marshall Phillips       (b. 1835 - d. 1907)
                              (Oct 1882-c.1884)
15 Jan 1942 - 26 Feb 1948  Vijayarajji                        (b. 1885 - d. 1948)
                             (from 14 Jun 1945, Sir Vijayarajji)
26 Feb 1948 -  1 Jun 1948  Madansinhji                        (b. 1909 - d. 1991)

Dewans (chief ministers)
1721? - 1741?              Sheth Devkaran                     (d. 1741?)
1741? - 17..               Jivan Sheth  
17.. - 1765                Punja Seth                         (d. 1765)
1777 - 1778                Mir Bijr
1778 - 178.                Devehand                           (d. 178.)
178. - 1783                Sidi Merich
1783 - 1786?               Vagha Parekh
1786                       Dosal Ven (council head)
1786 - 1801                Fateh Muhammad (1st time)          (b. c.1752 - d. 1813)
1801 - 1802                Muhammad Miyan
1802 - 1804                Hansraj
1804 -  5 Oct 1813         Fateh Muhammad (2nd time)          (s.a.)
Oct 1813 - 23 Sep 1814     Ibrahim Miyan                      (d. 1814)
1814 - Jan 1815            Husain Miyan
1815 - 181.                Shivraj
                           + Askaran
1819 - 18..                Lakshmidas Vallabhdas 
18.. - 18..                Nanji Jivraj
18.. - 1860/61             Munshi Biharilal Nathniram
1861 - 1863                Motilal Jivandas
                           + Madhavdas Ramdas
1863 - 1864                Jagjivan Mehta
1864 - 1866                Valabhji Mehta
1866 - 1868                Shahabudin Ibrahim
1868 - 1874?               Bhogilal Pranvalabhdas
1874 - 1875                Laxuman Krishnaji Tulkar
1875 - 1880                Manibhai Jasbhai (1st time)
1880 - 1884                Nandshanker Tuljashankar
1884 - 1885                Manibhai Jasbhai (2nd time)
c.1885 - 1902              Motilal Lalbhai
c.1902 - May 1904          Ranachhodbhai Udayaram
12 May 1904-af.18 Oct 1904 Chunilal Sarabhai
c.1930                     S.S. Dikshit
bf.1935 - 1939             Suryashankar D. Mehta
Dec 1939 - 1941            Tribhuvanrai D. Rana               (b. 1870 - d. 19..)
Sep 1941 - Oct 1943        Wilfred Francis Webb               (b. 1897 - d. 1973)
Oct 1943 - Apr 1944        Satya Vrata Mukherjee              (b. 1887 - d. 19..)
Apr 1944 - 1947            Shankar K. Nayampalli              (b. 1883 - d. 19..)
President of the Executive Council
1947 - 1948                Madansinhji                        (s.a.)

British Political Residents in Cutch (Kutch)
1816 - 28 Apr 1820         James MacMurdo                     (s.a.)
1820 - 1821                James Williams                     (d. 1837)
23 Apr 1821 - 1822         Charles Norris
May 1822 - 1825            Thomas George Gardiner
1825                       Charles Walter (acting)
1825 - 15 Feb 1840         Henry Pottinger                    (s.a.)
Political Agents, Cutch (Kutch)(from 1924 under Agent to the Gov.-General Western States, 1937-44
under Resident Western States, 1944-47 under Resident Baroda and Western States)
15 Feb 1840 - 20 Jan 1841  Peter Melvill Melvill (acting)     (b. 1803 - d. 1895)
1836 - Jan 1841            Arthur Malet (1st time)            (b. 1806 - d. 1888)
Dec 1836 - 1837?           Ward (acting for Malet)
20 Jan 1841 - Apr 1841     A.T. Reid (acting)
Apr 1841 - 1843            Arthur Malet (2nd time)            (s.a.)
Oct 1842 - 1843            James Grant Lumsden (acting)       (b. 1807 - d. 1863)
1843 - 1848/49             Henry Gee Roberts                  (b. 1800 - d. 1860)
1849 - 1851                Thomas Ogilvy
1851                       A.M. Phillips 
1851 - 1852                Stanley Napier Raikes              (b. 1824 - d. 1891)
1851 - 1859                George le Grand Jacob              (b. 1805 - d. 1881)
1854 - 1855                Henry Willoughby Trevelyan         (b. 1803 - d. 1876)
                             (acting for Jacob)
1859 - 1861                Henry Willoughby Trevelyan         (s.a.)
Oct 1861 - 1862?           J. Black
 6 Jan 1862 - 1871         Alexander Young Shortt             (b. 1834 - d. 1903)
28 Mar 1871 - 12 Apr 1872  Samuel Crozier Law (acting)  
19 Jan 1873 - 12 Nov 1874  George Ritso Goodfellow (1st time) (s.a.)
                             (acting)
13 Nov 1874 - 1876         William Chase Parr                 (s.a.)
16 Sep 1876 - 1878         Lionel Chase Barton                (s.a.)
1878 - 1881?               Henry Nicholas Reeves              (s.a.)
                             (acting to Apr 1879)
1879 - 1880                James Hayes Sadler                 (s.a.)
                             (acting for Reeves)
1880 - 189.                George Ritso Goodfellow (2nd time) (s.a.)
1884                       Augustus Marshall Phillips (acting)(s.a.)
1889 - 1893                Frederick Mercer Hunter            (b. 1844 - d. 1898)
1890                       William Arthur Salmon (acting)
Aug 1893 - 1897            Edward Vincent Stace               (s.a.)
Feb 1897 - Mar 1898        Percy Seymour Vesey Fitzgerald 
Mar 1898 - 1900            George Edward Hyde-Cates           (b. 1857 - d. 1931)
Jun 1900 - Oct? 1900       John Willoughby Wray (acting)      (b. 1851 - d. 1924)
Oct 1900 - Jul 1903        Francis William Snell              (b. 1848 - d. 19..)
Jul 1903 - Feb 1904        F
rederick William Wodehouse        (b. 1867 - d. 1961)
Feb 1904 - Dec 1912        Henry Mallaby Abud                 (b. 1858 - d. 1915)
Apr 1909 - bf.May 1910     Harold Fenton Jacob (acting)       (b. 1866 - d. 1936)
Dec 1912 - 1923            Robert Southey Pottinger           (b. 1870 - d. 1943)
23 Nov 1920 - 26 Aug 1921  Edward O'Brien (acting)            (b. 1872 - d. 1965)
Nov 1923 - bf.May 1925     Hugh Harrison                      (b. 1870 - d. 1944)



Kadana

Capital: Kadana Population: 19,790 (1941)
State Troops:
None (1939)

Salute: None

1820 - 1943                Part of the Gujarat (to 1944, Rewa Kantha) semi-jurisdictional
                             states (see under Jambughoda).
1889 - 1901                Under British management.
c.1931                     Almost full jurisdictional authority granted by the British.
22 Apr 1943                Annexed to Sant state.

Rulers (title Thakur; from c.1889, Thakur Rana)
1794 - 1838                Bhimsinghji                        (d. 1838)
1838 - 1871                Vakhatsinghji
1871 - 1889                Parbatsinghji                      (b. 1822 - d. 1889)
12 Apr 1889 - 1942         Chhatrasalji                       (b. 1879 - d. 1942)


Kalahandi

[Kalahandi state to 1948
                (India)]

Capital: Bhawanipatna Population: 597,940 (1941)
State Troops:  None (1939)
Salute: 9 guns

1005                       Traditional date for founding of Kalahandi.
1853                       Annexed to the British India as part of Nagpur as an estate
                             (zamindari), also known as Karond to 1867.
 4 Sep 1867                Status of state conferred by British authorities.
1882 - 24 Jan 1894         British India administration.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
 1 Jan 1948                Merged into Orissa.

Rajas
1693 - 1721                Jugasai Deo III
1721 - 1747                Khadag Rai Deo
1747 - 1771                Raisingh Deo III
1771 - 1796                Purusottam Deo
1796 - 1831                Jugasai Deo IV
1831 - 1853                Fateh Narayan Deo
1853 -  7 Apr 1881         Udit Pratap Deo                    (b. 1839? - d. 1881)
 7 Apr 1881 - 20 Oct 1897  Raghu Kesari Deo                   (b. 1871 - d. 1897)
 7 Apr 1881 - 1882         Rani Asha Kumari (f) -Regent
20 Oct 1897 - 1926         Brij Mohan Deo                     (b. 1896 - d. 1939)

20 Oct 1897 - 1921         Regency
Maharajas

1926 - 19 Sep 1939         Brij Mohan Deo                     (s.a.)
19 Sep 1939 -  1 Jan 1948  Pratap Kishor Deo                  (b. 1919 - d. 2001)

Dewans (chief ministers)
c.1901/16                  Rai Bahadur Panda Baijnath
c.1921/39                  Binodebehari Mahanti
c.1943/45                  Umacharan Das
c.1946                     Phakir Charan Mahanti


Kalat: see Pakistani Princely States


Kalsia

Capital: Chhachrauli Population: 67,393 (1941)
State Troops: 80 (1939)
Salute: None

1763                       Kalsia state founded.
1809                       British protectorate
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
15 Jul 1948                Merged into Patiala and Eastern Punjab States Union
                             (from 1 Nov 1956, Punjab).

Rulers (title Sardar)
1763 - 1785                Gur Bakhsh Singh                    (d. 1785)
1785 - 1818                Jodh Singh                          (b. 1751 - d. 1818)
1818 - 14 Feb 1858         Sobha Singh                         (d. 1858)
1858 - 19 Feb 1869         Lahna Singh                         (d. 1869)
1869 - 10 Jul 1883         Bishen Singh                        (b. 1854 - d. 1883)
1883 - 1886                Jagjit Singh                        (b. 1880 - d. 1886)
28 Aug 1886 - 1908         Ranjit Singh                        (b. 1881 - d. 1908)
25 Jul 1908 - 1916         Ravisher Singh                      (b. 1902 - d. 1947)
25 Jul 1908 - 19..         Council of Regency
Rajas

1916 -  4 Jan 1947         Ravisher Singh                      (s.a.)
 4 Jan 1947 - 15 Jul 1948  Karansher Singh                     (b. 1933 - d. 1961)
c.1947                     Sir Yadavindra Singh -Regent        (b. 1913 - d. 1974)
                             (ruler of Patiala)

Dewan (chief minister)
c.1939                     Sardar Ranbir Singh



Kambay (Cambay)
 
[Kambay (Cambay)
                          to 1948 (India)]
to 10 Jun 1948
[Kambay
                          (Cambay) Merchant Flag 1921-1947 (India)]
2 Aug 1921 - 14 Aug 1947 Merchant Flag
Capital: Kambay
(Cambay)
Population: 96,592 (1941)
State Troops: 130 (1939)
Salute: 11 guns

1730                       Kambay (Cambay) state founded.
1803                       British protectorate.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
10 Jun 1948                Merged into Bombay (from 1 May 1960, Gujarat).

Rulers (title Nawab)
1730 - 1743                Ja`far Nizam-e Sani Mu´min Khan I  (d. 1743)
1743 - 1783                Muftakher Nur ad-Din Mohammad      (d. 1783)
                            
Mu´min Khan II

1783 - 1789                Mohammad Qoli Khan                 (d. 1789)
1789 - 28 Oct 1823         Fath `Ali Khan                     (d. 1823)
1823 - 15 Mar 1841         Banda `Ali Khan                    (d. 1841)
1841 - 25 Apr 1880         Hosayn Yawar Khan I                (d. 1880)
25 Apr 1880 - 21 Jan 1915  Najib ad-Dowla Mumtaz al-Molk      (b. 1848 - d. 1915) 
                             Ja`far `Ali Khan
21 Jan 1915 - 10 Jun 1948  Nizam ad-Dowla Najm ad-Dowla       (b. 1911 - d. af.1963)
                             Mumtaz al-Molk Hosayn Yawar 
                             Khan II
21 Jan 1915 - 13 Dec 1930  the Dewans -Regent

Dewans (chief ministers)
1915 - 1918                K.R. Bomanji
22 Apr 1918 - 10 Jun 1929  Vinayak Krishna Namjoshi           (b. 1878 – d. 19..)
1929 - Jul 1931            Atmaram Keshav Kulkarni
                             (administrator to 13 Dec 1930)
c.1931                     M.S. Moulvi (administrator)
c.1936                     D.N. Mehta
bf.1939 - af.1941          Vasantrao Yadavrao Kashalkar
1942 - af.1945             S.P. Mushran
c.1946                     Y.A. Faruki



Kamta Rajaula
 
Capital: Rajaula Population: 1,411 (1941)
State Troops: None
(1939)
Salute: None

1812                        Kamta estate (jagir) becomes Kamta Rajaula state; British
                              protectorate.
15 Aug 1947                 Accedes to India.
 4 Apr 1948                 Merged into Vindhya Pradesh (transferred to Uttar Pradesh
                              26 Jan 1950).

Rulers (title Rao)
1812 - 23 Oct 1874         Gopal Lal                          (d. 1874)
23 Oct 1874 - Dec 1891     Bharat Prashad                     (b. 1847 - d. 1891)
 1 Jan 1892 - 27 Oct 1928  Ram Prashad                        (b. 1870 - d. 1928)
27 Oct 1928 - 1946         Radha Kishan                       (b. 1891 - d. 19..)
1946 -  4 Apr 1948         Rajiv Nandan Prasad                (b. 1920 - d. 19..)



Kangra

[Kangra c.1775-1810
                        (India)]
c.1775 - 1810

4300 BC                    Kangra state founded in legendary antiquity (also called
                             Bhim Kot, Nagar-Kot, Susarmapura,
Katoch, Jalandhara
                             and Trigarta).

11th cent. AD              First modern recorded mention of the state.
24 Aug 1809                Kangra Fort occupied by the Sikhs.
1810                       State extinguished and annexed by
Pañjab (Punjab)(dynasty
                             granted the jagir of Lambagraon) by Treaty of Jawalamukhi
                             of 20 Jul 1809
.
 
9 Mar 1846                Annexed to British India (part of Punjab; from 15 Apr 1948,
                             Himachal Pradesh).

Rajas
1697 - 1700                Alam Chandra II                    (b. 16.. - d. 1700)
1700 - 1747                Hamir Chandra                      (d. 1747)
1747 - 1750                Abhay Chandra
1750 - 1751                Ghamhir Chandra                    (d. 1751)
1751                       Shringar Chandra
1751 - 1774                Ghamand Chandra                    (d. 1774)
1774 - 1775                Tegh Chandra                       (b. c.1745 - d. 1775)
1775 - 1810                Sansar Chandra II                  (b. 1765 - d. 1823)



Kanika

726 AD                     Kanika state founded according to tradition.
c.1200                     Likely founding era.
Nov 1803                   British protectorate.
Oct
1817                   State reduced to an estate (zamindari)(part of Bengal;
                             1912-1936 Bihar and Orissa; from 1936 Orissa).

Rajas
.... - ....                Gopinath Bhanj III
.... - ....                Dasarathi Bhanj
.... - ....                Gopal Bhanj II
1777 - 1812                Balbhadra Bhanj Deo                (b. 1758 - d. 1812)
                             (British prisoner Jul 1805 - 1807)
1803 - 1805                Rani Jayi Rajaguru (f) -Regent     (d. 1806)
1812 - Oct 1817            Jagannath Bhanj                    (d. 1819)



Kanker

[Kanker to 1948 (India)]

Capital: Kanker Population: 149,471
(1941)

State Troops: None
(1939)
Salute: None

106 AD                     Kanker state founded according to tradition.
af.1425                    Capital moved to Kanker.
1809 - 1818                Occupied by Nagpur.
1818                       Status of estate (zamindari) within Nagpur confirmed.
1853                       Annexed to British India as part of Nagpur as an estate.
11 Jan 1866                Status of state conferred by British authorities.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
 1 Jan 1948                Merged into Central Provinces (from 26 Jan 1950, Madhya Pradesh).

Rulers (title Maharajadhiraj)
.... - 1729                Ghoor Sai Deo                      (d. 1729) 
1729 - 1775                Harpal Deo                         (d. 1775)
1775 - ....                Dhiraj Singh Deo
.... - ....                Ram Raj Singh Deo
.... - 1802                Shyam Singh Deo
1802 - 1809                Bhup Deo (1st time)                (d. 1839) 
1809 - 1818                occupied by Nagpur
1818 - 1839                Bhup Deo (2nd time)                (s.a.) 
1839 - 1853                Padma Deo                          (d. 1853)
 5 Dec 1853 - May 1903     Narhar Deo                         (b. 1850 - d. 1903)
 9 May 1903 -  8 Jan 1925  Lal Kamal Deo                      (b. 1873 - d. 1925)
 8 Jan 1925 -  1 Jan 1948  Bhanupratap Deo                    (b. 1922 - d. 1969)
1925 - 1944                Superintendents (regents)
                           - Raghubir Prasad (c.1930-1936)
                           - Ramanuj Prasad (c.1939-1940)



Kannur (Cannanore)


[Kannur
                          (Cannanore) 18th cent. (India)]
18th cent.
[Kannur
                          (Cannanore) to 1819 (India)]
to 1819

1545                       Kannur (Sultanate of Lakshadweep and Cannanore, later sometimes
                             called Arakkal kingdom) state founded.

 
8 Jan 1784                British protectorate (disavowed by Bombay government, but recognized
                             as a temporary measure on 12 Feb 1784).

17 Dec 1790 - 1792         Occupied by British India.
18 Dec 1790                Minicoy surrendered to British India.
18 Mar 1792                Southern (Laccadive) islands are ceded to British East India Co.
                             by the Treaty of Seringapatam (occupied in 1791).
18 Mar 1792 - 30 Oct 1796  Laccadive Islands and Kannur annexed to British India
.
1799                       Amindivi Islands annexed to British India. The former rulers continues
                             to enjoy nominal suzerainty over the islands until 6 Feb 1909
                             (retroactive to 1 Jul 1905).
1819                       Kannur annexed to British India
(part of Madras).

Rulers (title Ali Raja)
1691 - 1704                Ali II Adi
1704 - 1720                Kunhi Amsa I Adee
1720 - 1728                Mohammed Ali IV Adi
1728 - 1732                Rani Harrabichi Kadavube
                             Adi Bibi (f)
-Ali Raja Bibi
1732 - 1745                Rani Junumabe I Adi
                            Bibi (f)
-Ali Raja Bibi
1745 - 1777                Kunhi Amsa II Adee
Ruler (title Ali Raja Bibi)
1777 - 1819                Rani Junumabe II Adi Bibi
(f)



Kapurthala

[Kapurthala to 1948 (India)]

Capital: Kapurthala Population: 378,380 (1941)
State Forces/Troops:
540 (1939)
Salute: 13 guns

1780                       Kapurthala state founded.
25 Apr 1809                British protectorate.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
15 Jul 1948                Merged into Patiala and Eastern Punjab States Union
                             (from 1 Nov 1956, Punjab).

Rulers (title Sardar)
1780 - 20 Oct 1783         Jassa Singh                        (b. 1718 - d. 1783)
20 Oct 1783 - 10 Jul 1801  Bagh Singh                         (b. 1748 - d. 1801)
10 Jul 1801 - 20 Oct 1836  Fateh Singh                        (b. 1784 - d. 1836)
Rajas
20 Oct 1836 - 13 Sep 1852  Nihal Singh                        (b. 1817 - d. 1852)

13 Sep 1852 - 12 Mar 1861  Randhir Singh                      (b. 1831 - d. 1870)
Rulers (title Raja-i Rajgan)
12 Mar 1861 -  2 Apr 1870  Randhir Singh                      (s.a.)
                             (from 10 Dec 1864, Sir Randhir Singh)
 2 Apr 1870 -  5 Sep 1877  Kharak Singh                       (b. 1849 - d. 1877)

May 1874 - Apr 1875        Council (for insane Kharak)
                           - Gulam Gelani
                           - Diwan Ram Jas
                           - Diwan Baijnath
 5 Sep 1877 - 12 Dec 1911  Jagatjit Singh                     (b. 1872 - d. 1949)

                             (from 22 Jun 1897, Sir Jagatjit Singh)
 5 Sep 1877 - 24 Nov 1890  Regency (Superintendents)
                           - Henry Lepel Griffin              (b. 1838 - d. 1908)
                             (
Apr 1875 - Apr 1877)
                           - Charles Montgomery Rivaz         (b. 1845 - d. 1926)
                             (
Apr 1877 - Nov 1885)
                           - William Mackworth Young (acting) (b. 1840 - d. 1924)
                             (
Feb 1878 - Oct 1879)
                           - Frederick W.R. Fryer (acting)    (b. 1845 - d. 1922)
                             (
May 1883 - 1883)
                           - Alexander Frederick Douglas      (b. 1852 - d. 1935)
                               Cunningham (acting)

                             (Feb 1884 - bf.Dec 1884)
                           - George Campbell Napier (acting)  (b. 1845 - d. 1914)
                             (Apr 1885 - 1885)
                           - Denzil Charles Jelf Ibbetson     (b. 1847 - d. 1908)
 
                            (Nov 1885 - Aug 1886)
                           - Charles Francis Massy            (b. 1845 - d. 1915)
                             (
Aug 1886 - 1890)
Maharaja

12 Dec 1911 - 15 Jul 1948  Sir Jagatjit Singh                 (s.a.)

Chief ministers
Apr 1905 - 1910           Baghwan Das (dewan)
1910 - 1915                L. French
1915 - c.1934             
Khan Bahadur Abdul Hamid
Jan 1935 - 1937            Gerald Thomas Fisher               (b. 1887 - d. 1965)
1937 – 1939                Sir John Coldstream                (b. 1877 – d. 1954)
Apr 1939 - Nov 1939        Tikka Raja Paramjit Singh
c.1939/40                  Lala Pindi Das Sabherwal
c.1941/42                  Mian Abdul Aziz
bf.1944 - 1945             Sir Abdul Hamid                    (b. 1881 - d. 19..)
1945 - af.1947             Lakhpat Rai Sikund



Karauli

[Karauli to 1948? (India)]

Capital: Karauli Population: 152,413 (1941)
State Forces/Troops:
430 (1939)
Salute: 17 guns

c.900 AD                   Karauli state founded.
 
9 Nov 1817                British protectorate (by treaty).
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
18 Mar 1948                Merged into Matsya (from 15 May 1949, Rajasthan).

Maharajas
1688 - 1724                Kunwar Pal II
1724 - 1757                Gopal Singh                        (d. 1757)
1757 - 24 Oct 1772         Tursam Pal                         (d. 1772)
1772 - 1804                Manik Pal
1804 - 1805                Amola Pal                          (d. 1805)
1805 - 1837                Herbaksh Pal                       (b. c.1792 - d. 1837)
1837 - 1849                Pratap Pal                         (d. 1849)
1849 - 10 Jul 1852         Narsingh Pal                       (d. 1852)
 
4 Sep 1852 - 14 Mar 1854  Bharat Pal
14 Mar 1854 - 16 Aug 1869  Madan Pal                          (b. 1830 - d. 1869)
                            
(from 12 Feb 1866, Sir Madan Pal)
1869 (weeks)               Lakshman Pal

1869 - 1871                Thakur Vrishbhan Singh Tanwar -Regent
Jan 1871 - 17 Nov 1875     Jaisingh Pal                       (b. 1839 - d. 1875)

Jan 1876 - 14 Aug 1886     Arjun Pal II                       (b. 1822 - d. 1886)

14 Aug 1886 -  3 Aug 1927  Bhanwar Pal                        (b. 1864 - d. 1927)
                            
(from 1 Jan 1894, Sir Bhanwar Pal)
 3 Aug 1927 -  6 Apr 1947  Bhom Pal                           (b. 1866 - d. 1947)

                            
(from 1 Jan 1935, Sir Bhom Pal)
 6 Apr 1947 - 18 Mar 1948  Ganesh Pal
                        (b. 1906 - d. 1984)

Dewans (chief ministers)
.... - ....                Ballu Ram
.... - ....                Pardhan Sita Ram
.... - 18..                Thakur Brighbhan Singh
18.. - 1889                Bihari Singh                       (d. 1889)
                             (from Jan 1882, council chairman)
c.1896/97                  Kunwar Sujan Pal
.... - Nov 1902            Chaudhri Nirpat Singh              (d. 1902)
1903 - 15 Apr 1906         Kanwar Dhian Pal Singh
                             (chief member of council)
Apr 1906 - 28 Jul 1908     Munshi Balmokand Dass              (d. 1908)
                             (chief member of council)
14 Aug 1908 - 30 Mar 1914  Bahadur Munshi Damodar Lal

30 Mar 1914 - af.Aug 1918  Rao Bahadur Munshi Harnam Das
                             (chief member of council)
1921 - 1930                P
andit Shankar Nath
                             (chief member of council)
c.1933 - 25 Jun 1938       Pandit Shiv Kumar Chaturvedi
      (d. 1938)
                             (chief member of council)
 1 Oct 1938 - 1942         Brij Chand Sharma
1942 - 194.                Iswar Narain Kichlu
c.1946                     Trilokinath Sharma


Karen states: see Shan and Karen states of Burma

Karnataka: see Arkat

Kashmir: see Jammu and Kashmir under India

Kashtwar

c.765 AD                   Kashtwar state founded according to tradition.
1786 - 1786                Occupied by Chamba.
1820                       Annexed by Pañjab (Punjab).

Rajas
1681 - 1728                Kirat Singh                        (d. 1728)
1728 - 1771                Amluk Singh                        (d. 1771)
1771 - 1786                Mihr Singh                         (d. 1786)
1786                       Mian Kundan Singh
                             (appointed by Chamba) 

1786 - 1787                Sujan Singh                        (d. 1787)
1787 - 1788                Prithi Singh                       (d. 1788)
1787 - 1789                Lal Dev (in opposition)
1788 - 1789                Inayatallah Singh

1789  (40 days)            Gulab Singh 
1789 - 1820                Muhammed Tegh Singh                (d. 1823)
                             "Saifullah Khan" 



Kathiwara (Kathiwada)

Capital: Kathiwara
(Kathiwada)
Population: 6,689 (1941)
State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: None

c.1818                     British protectorate.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
28 May 1948                Merged into Madhya Bharat (from 1 Nov 1956, Madhya Pradesh).

Rulers (title Thakur)
.... - 1865                Zorawar Sinh                       (d. 1865)
1865 - 1903                Bahadur Sinh                       (b. 1839 - d. 19..)
 8 Jun 1903 - 28 May 1948  Onkar Sinh                         (b. 1891 - d. 1969)



Kawardha

[Kawardha to 1948 (India)]

Capital: Kawardha Population: 77,284 (1941)
State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: None

1751                       Kawardha state founded.
1853                       Annexed to British India as part of Nagpur as an estate
                             (zamindari).
27 Jun 1866                Status of state conferred by British authorities.
1884 - 1894                British India administration.     
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
 1 Jan 1948                Merged into Central Provinces (from 26 Jan 1950, Madhya Pradesh).
 1 Nov 2000                Part of Chhattisgarh.

Rulers (title Thakur)
1751 - 1801                Mahabali Singh 
1801 - 1848                Ujiyar Singh
1848 - 1852                Tok Singh
c.1860                     Baijnath Singh
186. - 1863                Ram Singh                          (d. 1863)

1863 - 1864                Bahadur Singh                      (d. 1864)
1864 -  1 Dec 1891         Rajpal Singh                       (b. 1849 - d. 1891)
1884 - 1894                Superintendents  
 1 Dec 1891 - 1920         Jadunath Singh (= Kritpal Singh)   (b. 1886 - d. 1920)

 4 Feb 1920 -  1 Jan 1948  Lal Dharamraj Singh                (b. 1910 - d. 1959)

Dewans (chief ministers)
1911 - 1914                Munshi Abdul Haq
c.1941                     Rao Sahib Ragho Raj Singh
bf.1944 - af.1946          Mohammad Akbar



Keonjhar

[Keonjhar to 1948 (India)]

Capital: Keonjhargarh Population: 529,786 (1941)
State Troops: 130 (1939)
Salute: None

11..                       Keonjhar state founded.
1804                       British protectorate.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
16 Jun 1891 - 1899?        Under British India administration.
Apr 1907 -
1928            Under British India administration.
 1 Jan 1948                Merged into Orissa.

Rajas
1688 - 1700                Jagannath Bhanj
1700 - 1719                Raghunath Bhanj
1719 - 1736                Gopinath Bhanj
1736 - 1757                Narsingh Narayan Bhanj
1757 - 1758                Daneswar Narayan Bhanj
1758 - 1762                Jagateswar Narayan Bhanj
1762 - 1794                Pratap Balbhadra Bhanj
1794 - 1825                Janardan Bhanj
1825 - 22 Mar 1861         Gadadhar Narayan Bhanj Deo         (d. 1861)
                             (personal style Maharaja from 1858)
 4 Sep 1861 - 27 Oct 1905  Dhanurjai Narayan Bhanj Deo        (b. 1849 - d. 1907)
                             (personal style Maharaja from 1 Jan 1877)
                             (ruling powers suspended 16 Jun 1891-1899?)

16 Jun 1891 - 1899?        Government agents       
27 Oct 1905 - 12 Aug 1926  Gopinath Narayan Bhanj Deo         (b. 1883 - d. 1926)

                            
(resigned authority from Apr 1907)
27 Oct 1905 - 12 Aug 1926  State Superintendents
                           -
David Atkinson McMillan
          (d. 1918)
                               (to 19 Sep 1918)
                           - Rai Sahib Baikunth Nath Das
                               (19 Sep 1918 - 8 Jan 1919)
                           - J.H. Price (8 Jan 1919 - 1928)
12 Aug 1926 -  1 Jan 1948  Balbhadra Narayan Bhanj Deo        (b. 1905 - d. c.1970)
12 Aug 1926 - 1928        
J.H. Price -State Superintendent

Government Agents at Keonjhar (administrators)
16 Jun 1891 - 1892         H.P. Wylly (1st time) 
1892 -  4 Aug 1893         Nanda Kishore Das
1893 - 1894                H.P. Wylly (2nd time) 
1894 - 1895                R.T. Dundas
1895 - 1899?               Durgadas Mukherjee
Dewans
and (from c.1944) Chief ministers

18.. - 1891                Fakir Mohan Senapati
1891 - Jun? 1891           Bichitranand Das
1891 - ....                Durgadas Mukherjee
1907 - 1928                David Atkinson McMillan            (s.a.)
1928 - 1938                ....
1938 - af.1942             Bhabadev Sarkar                    (b. 1883 - d. 19..)
1944 - 194.                J.W. Woodhousie
c.1946                     Lal Dongar Singh



Keonthal

Capital: Junga Population: 51,645 (1941)
State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: None

765 AD                     Traditional founding date of predecessor state.
bf.1800                    Keonthal state founded.

1803 - 1814                Occupied by Nepal.
 6 Sep 1815                Possession confirmed, the British protectorate.
1830                       Ceded Simla to the British India.  
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
15 Apr 1948                Merged into Himachal Pradesh (including its feudatory sub-states
                             of Ghund, Koti, Madhan, Ratesh and Theog).

Rulers (title Rana)
.... - ....                Bhup Sen
1801 - 1803                Raghunath Sen (1st time)           (d. 1831)
1803 - 1814                occupied by Nepal
1814 - 1831                Raghunath Sen (2nd time)           (s.a.)
1831 - 24 Jul 1858         Sansar Sen                         (d. 1862)
Rajas
24 Jul 1858 - 1862         Sansar Sen                         (s.a.)
1862 - 1882                Mahendra Sen                       (b. 1827 - d. 1882)
23 Aug 1882 - 18 Mar 1901  Balbir Sen                         (b. 1852 - d. 1901)
1898 - 18 Mar 1901         Mian Durga Singh -Manager
18 Mar 1901 -  2 Feb 1916  Bije Sen                           (b. 1877 - d. 1916)

 2 Feb 1916 - 1940         Hemendra Sen                       (b. 1905 - d. 1940)
 2 Feb 1916 -  3 Mar 1926  Rai Sahib Mian Amar Singh -Regent
1940 - 15 Apr 1948         Hitendra Sen                       (b. 1925 - d. 2002)

Wazirs (chief ministers)
c.1930/33                  Kumar Mohan Singhji
c.1933/35                  Jugal Kishore Tripathy
c.1935/39                  Kanwar Shiv Singh
Apr 1947 - Aug 1947        A. Isar

British Political Agents for the Punjab Hill States (in Simla; as of 1947, in charge of
the Punjab Hill
states¹; under the Resident for the Punjab States [see under Patiala])
Oct 1936 - Oct 1939?       Robert Richardson Burnett          (b. 1897 - d. 1975)
30 Oct 1939 - Oct 1941     Wilfred Francis Webb               (b. 1897 - d. 1973)
Oct 1941 - Nov 1941        Francis Fenwick Pearson            (b. 1911 - d. 1991)
23 Nov 1941 - 1942         William le Belward Egerton         (b. 1901 - d. 1947)
 1 Nov 1942 - 1944         Reginald George Evelin William     (b. 1899 - d. 1983)
                             Alban
Sep 1944 - Sep? 1945       John Evelyn Arnold Bazalgette      (b. 1907 - d. 1992)
                             (1st time)
 5 Sep 1945 - Mar 1946?    Leonard George Coke-Wallis         (b. 1900 - d. 1974)
Mar 1946 - Apr 1946        Dudley Hugh Biscoe                 (b. 1909 - d. 1990)
Apr 1946 - 1947            John Evelyn Arnold Bazalgette      (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)

 ¹Punjab Hill states as of 1947: Baghal, Baghat, Balsan, Bashahr, Bhajji, Bija, Bilaspur, Darkoti, Dhami, Jubbal, Kalsia, Keonthal, Kumharsain, Kunihar, Kuthar, Mahlog, Mangal, Nalagarh, Sangri, Sirmur, Suket, and Tharoch.



Khairagarh

[Khairagarh to 1948 (India)]

Capital: Khairagarh Population: 173,713 (1941)
State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: None

1833                       Khairagarh estate (zamindari) founded.
1853                       Annexed to British India as part of Nagpur as an estate.
 
4 Jan 1866                Status of state conferred by British authorities,
                             confirmed in 1898.
1874 - 1883                British India administration.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
 1 Jan 1948                Merged into Central Provinces (26 Jan 1950 - 1 Nov 2000
                             Madhya Pradesh; from 1 Nov 2000 Chhattisgarh).

Rulers (title Thakur)
1833 - 1874                Fateh Singh
1874 - 19 Feb 1891         Umrao Singh                        (d. 1891)
                             (personal style Raja from 1887)
19 Feb 1891 - 1896         Kamal Narayan Singh                (b. 1867 - d. 1908)
Rajas
1896 -  7 Oct 1908         Kamal Narayan Singh                (s.a.)
                             (personal style Raja to 1898, then made hereditary)
 8 Oct 1908 - 22 Oct 1918  Lal Bahadur Singh                  (b. 1889 - d. 1918)
 8 Oct 1908 - 13 Dec 1912  Rai Sahib Sunder Lall
                             (superintendent)
22 Oct 1918 -  1 Jan 1948  Birendra Bahadur Singh             (b. 1914 - d. 1998)

Dewans and (from c.1945) Chief ministers
c.1939                     M.G. Ghooi
c.1941                     J.N. Mahant
bf.1944 - af.1946          Abdul Ghaffar Khan



Khandpara

[Khandpara to 1948 (India)]

Capital: Khandparagarh Population: 87,341 (1941)
State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: None

c.1599                     Khandpara state founded.
1803                       British protectorate (then spelled ChundaParra).
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
 1 Jan 1948                Merged into Orissa.

Rajas
1675 - 1709                Narayan Singh Mangraj 
1709 - 1723                Balunkeshwar Singh Mangraj 
1723 - 1732                Banamali Singh Mardraj Bhramarbar
                             Rai 
1734 - 1770                Bairagi Singh Mardraj Bhramarbar
                             Rai 
1770 - 1794                Niladri Singh Mardraj Bhramarbar
                             Rai 
1794 - 1815                Narasimha Singh Mardraj Bhramarbar
                             Rai 
1815 - 1821                Purushottam Mardraj Bhramarbar Rai 
1821 - 1842                Krishna Chandra Singh Bhramarbar Rai
1842 - 1867                Kunja Bihari Singh Bhramarbar Rai
28 Feb 1867 - 1905         Natobar Mardraj Bhramarbar Rai     (b. 1837 - d. 1905)
 
3 Sep 1905 - 26 Dec 1922  Ram Chandra Singh Mardraj
                             Bhramarbar Rai
26 Dec 1922 -  1 Jan 1948  Harihar Singh Deo Mardraj          (b. 1914 - d. 1977)
                             Bhramarbar Rai 



Khaniadhana

Capital: Khaniadhana Population: 20,124 (1941)
State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: None

1863                       British recognize an Khaniadhana estate (jagir), in the former
                             Jhansi state, as a state.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
 4 Apr 1948                Merged into Vindhya Pradesh (transferred to Madhya Bharat

                             26 Jan 1950
; from 1 Nov 1956 Madhya Pradesh).

Rulers (title Rao)
1863 - 1869                Guman Singh                        (d. 1869)
1869 - 1909                Chhatar Singh                      (b. 1863 - d. 1909)
                             (from 1877, personal style Raja)
1909 - 1938                Khalak Singh                       (b. 1892 - d. af.1938)

                             (
from 1911, personal style Raja)
1938 -  4 Apr 1948         Devendra Pratap Singh              (b. 1912 - d. 19..)
                             (personal style Raja)


Kharan: see Pakistani Princely States


Kharsawan

[Kharsawan to 1948 (India)]

Capital: Kharsawangarh Population: 50,580 (1941)
State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: None

c.1650                     Kharsawan estate (zamindari) founded.
1819                       British protectorate, remains the estate.
31 May 1860                Kharsawan estate
recognized as a state.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
 1 Feb 1948                Merged into Orissa (transferred to Bihar 18 May 1948).

Rulers (title Thakur)
1844 - 1863                Gangaram Singh Deo                 (b. 1836 - d. 18..)
                             (personal style Raja from 1860)
1863 - 18..                Ram Narain Singh
bf.1877 -  2 Mar 1884      Raghunath Singh Deo                (b. 1841 - d. 1884)
 2 Mar 1884 -  6 Feb 1902  Mahendra Narayan Singh Deo         (b. 1869 - d. 1902)
 6 Feb 1902 - 1917         Siram Chandra Singh Deo            (b. 1892 - d. 19..)
 6 Feb 1902 - 1907         Babu Jugal Kishore -Manager
c.1911                     Babu Himangshu Nath Chakrabatti -Manager
Raja

1917 -  1 Feb 1948         Siram Chandra Singh Deo            (s.a.)

Dewan (chief minister)
c.1939                     Satyendra Nath Sen Gupta           (b. 1895 - d. 19..)



Khasi States


[Federation of the
                          Khasi States to 1950 (India)]
Flag of Federation of Khasi States

Capital: Shillong Population: 213,586
(1941)

State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: None

1829/1841                  Khasi states (eventually 25 states¹) under British protection.
1853                       Shillong, premier state of Khasi, divided into Khyrim and Mylliem.
1863                       Ceded site of Shillong to the British.
22 Aug 1946                Federation of the Khasi States established.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India (some of states acceded as late as 19 Mar 1948).
17 Aug 1948                Conditional treaty on merger into Assam.
25 Jan 1950                Khasi states merged into Assam.

Rulers of Shillong (title Syiem)
1809 - 1833                Bor Manik                          (d. 183.)
1833 - 1842                Sain Manik
1842 - 1853                Sing Manik                         (d. 1859)
                           + Hajar Singh
Rulers of Khyrim (title Syiem)
1853 - 1859                Sing Manik                         (s.a.)
1859 - 1871                Rabon Singh
1871 - 1903                Klur Singh                         (b. 1843 - d. 1903)
1903 - 1919                Dakhor Singh                       (b. 1874 - d. 1919)
1920 - 1950                Olim Singh                         (b. 1903 - d. 1978)         
                             (from 1946, also president of Federation of the Khasi States)

British Agents to the Governor-General on the North-East Frontier
(in Guwahati)
1828 - 1874               the commissioners of Assam
Indian Dominion Agents for Khasi States

(subordinated to the governors of Assam)
c.1948                    G.P. Jarman
c.1949                    N.N. Phukan

  ¹the Khasi states as of 1947: Bhawal, Cherra (Sohra), Dwara, Jirang, Khyrim, Langrin, Lyngiong, Maharam, Malai Sohmat, Marriw, Mawdon, Mawiang, Mawlong, Masynram, Mawphlang, Mylliem, Nobosohphoh, Nongkhlaw, Nonglwai, Nongspung, Nongstoin, Pamsanngut, Rambrai, Shella, and Sohiong.


Khayrpur: see Pakistani Princely States


Khilchipur

[Khilchipur to 1948
                (India)]

Capital: Khilchipur Population: 48,642 (1941)
State Troops: 100 (1939)
Salute: 9 guns

1544                       Khilchipur state founded.
1819                       British protectorate.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
28 May 1948                Merged into Madhya Bharat (from 1 Nov 1956, Madhya Pradesh).

Rulers (title Dewan)
1679 - 1715                Anup Singh
1718 - 1738                Fateh Singh
1738 - 1770                ....
1770 - 1787                Abhai Singh
1787 - 1795?               Dip Singh
1795 - 1819                Durjan Sal                         (d. 1819)
1819                       Balwant Singh
1819 - 1868                Shir Singh                         (b. 1814 - d. 1868)
27 Nov 1868 - Apr 1873     Amar Singh                         (b. 1834 - d. 1899)
Rulers (title Rao Bahadur)
Apr 1873 - 28 Mar 1899     Amar Singh                         (s.a.)
1899 - 18 Jan 1908         Bhawani Singh
19 Jan 1908 - 1928         Durjan Sal Singh                   (b. 1897 - d. 1942)
19 Jan 1908 - 19..         .... -Regent
Rajas

1928 - 1942                Durjan Sal Singh                   (s.a.)
                             (from 1937, Sir Durjan Sal Singh)
1942 - 28 May 1948         Yashodar Singh                     (b. 1918 - d. 1961)

Dewan (chief minister)
1882 - 
9 Nov 1894         Rao Bahadur Thakur Jowan Singh     (d. 1894)
                             (superintendent)
29 Dec 1894 - c.1899       Ram Krishna Panth
... - 1931                 Mohammed Aziz ur Rahman Khan
 1 Mar 1931
- af.1939      Indar Singh



Khirasra

Capital: Khirasra Population: 5,893 (1941)
State Troops:
None (1939)

Salute: None

....                       Khirasra state founded by a scion of Dhrol.
1807/08 - 1948             Part of the Western Kathiawar semi-jurisdictional states
                             (see under Jasdan).
1943 - 15 Aug 1947         Attached (the British jurisdictional authority granted) to
                            
Nawanagar.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
15 Feb 1948                Merged into Saurashtra.
 1 Nov 1956                Part of Bombay (from 1 May 1960, Gujarat).

Rulers (title Thakur)
c.1760                     Bhimji Kaloji [1st ruler]
17.. - 17..                Sangaji Bhimji 
c.1794                     Ranmalji Sangaji 
c.1808                     Hathiji Ranmalji 
18.. - 18..                Dungarji Hathiji 
18.. - 1872                Jijibhai Dungarji 
 1 Jan 1872 - 1905         Raisinhji Jijibhai                (b. 1850 - d. 19..)
20 Feb 1905 - 1920         Balsinhji Raisinhji               (b. 1871 - d. 19..)
24 Feb 1920 - 15 Feb 1948  Sursinhji Balsinhji               (b. 1890 - d. 19..)


Khuda-Dad: see Mahisur
Khurda (Khurdha): see Utkala (Orissa)


Kishangarh

[Kishangarh to 1948
                (India)]

Capital: Kishangarh Population: 104,127 (1941)
State Forces/Troops:
160 (1939)
Salute: 15 guns

1611                       Kishangarh state founded.
26 Mar 1818                British protectorate (by treaty).
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
25 Mar 1948                Merged into Rajasthan.

Maharajas
Jun 1658 - Oct 1706        Man Singh                          (b. 1655 - d. 1706)
Oct 1706 - Apr 1748        Raj Singh                          (b. 1674 - d. 1748)
1748 - 1781                Bahadur Singh                      (b. 1711 - d. 1781)
1748 - 21 Aug 1765         Samant Singh                       (b. 1699 - d. 1765)
                            (in opposition to 1756; from 1756 raja of Roopnagar)
21 Aug 1765 - 16 May 1768  Sardar Singh                       (b. 1730 - d. 1768)
                            (raja of Roopnagar; regent for Samant 1756-65)
1781 - 22 Nov 1788         Birad Singh                        (b. 1737 - d. 1788)
22 Nov 1788 -  5 Mar 1798  Pratap Singh                       (b. 1763 - d. 1798)
 5 Mar 1798 - 22 May 1839  Kalyan Singh                       (b. 1794 - d. 1839)
22 May 1839 - 31 Aug 1841  Mohkam Singh                       (b. 1817 - d. 1841)
31 Aug 1841 - 25 Dec 1879  Prithvi Singh                      (b. 1837 - d. 1879)
25 Dec 1879 - 18 Aug 1900  Sardul Singh                       (b. 1858 - d. 1900)
                             (from 1 Jan 1892, Sir Sardul Singh)
18 Aug 1900 - 25 Sep 1926  Madan Singh                        (b. 1884 - d. 1926)

                             (from 1 Jan 1909, Sir Madan Singh)
18 Aug 1900 - 1903        
Henry Venn Cobb -Regent            (b. 1864 - d. 1949)
Apr 1903 - 1905
            Thomas Caldwell Pears -Regent      (b. 1851 - d. 1921)
1905 - 11 Dec 1905         Charles Herbert -Regent
25 Sep 1926 -  3 Feb 1939  Yagya Narayan Singh                (b. 1896 - d. 1939)

 3 Feb 1939 - 25 Mar 1948  Sumar Singh                        (b. 1929 - d. 1971)
 3 Feb 1939 -  5 Jun 1947  Regency
                          
[chief members of State Council of Administration]
                           - Lala Kesari Singh (1 Jul 1939-1942)
                           - Lakhpat Rai Sikund (1942-1945)
                           - Maharaj Lal Singh (1945-1947)    (b. 1897 - d. 1988)

Chief members of the Council
c.1930                     Lala Ram Chandra Gupta
c.
1938                     Pancholi Kesari Singh



Koch Bihar (Cooch Behar)

[Koch Bihar (Cooch Behar)
                kingdom to 1949 (India)]

Map of Koch Behar Capital: Koch Bihar
(Cooch Behar)
(Kamatapur 1515-1693)

Population: 639,898
(1941)
State Troops:
150 (1939)
Constitution:
Cooch Behar
Government Act
 (5 Oct 1948)
Salute: 13 guns

1250                       Kamata state founded.
1510                       Koch dynasty gives its name to the state.
1711 - 1738                Under Mughal suzerainty.
12 Aug 1765                Under British India suzerainty.
1770 - 1774                Under Bhutanese
suzerainty.
 5 Apr 1773                British protectorate.
15 Aug 1947                Accession to India.
12 Sep 1949                Cooch Behar province of India (from 1 Jan 1950 part of West Bengal).

Rajas
1693 - 1714                Rup Narayan                        (d. 1714)
1714 - 1763                Upendra Narayana                   (d. 1763)
1763 - 12 Aug 1765         Debendra Narayana                  (b. 1757 - d. 1765)
1763 - 12 Aug 1765         Rani Lal Bai (f) -Regent
1765 - 1770                Dhairjendra Narayan (1st time)     (d. 1783)

1770 - 1772                Rajendra I  Narayan                (d. 1772)
1770 - 1772                Pensuthma -Bhutanese Regent
1772                       Dharendra Narayan (1st time)       (d. 1775)
1772 - 1774                Bijendra Narayan                   (d. 1774)
1774 - 1775                Dharendra Narayan (2nd time)       (s.a.)
1775 -  3 Dec 1783         Dhairjendra Narayan (2nd time)     (s.a.)
1783 - 29 May 1839         Harendra Narayan                   (b. 1780 - d. 1839)
1783 - 1789                Rani Kamteswari (f) -Regent
Aug 1789 - 1801            Regency by British Commissioners
1836 - 1839                Bajendra Narayan -Regent (1st time)(d. 1857)

1837 - 1839                Shivendra Narayan -Co-regent       (b. 1796 - d. 1847)
29 May 1839 - 23 Aug 1847  Shivendra Narayan                  (s.a.)

23 Aug 1847 -  6 Aug 1863  Narendra Narayan                   (b. 1841 - d. 1863)
                             (personal style Maharaja from 1862)
30 Mar 1847 - 1857
         Bajendra Narayan -Regent (2nd time)(s.a.)
1857 - 1860               
Regents
                           - Maharani Vrisundeshwari (f)

                           - Maharani Kameshwari (f)          (d. 1889)
 6 Aug 1863 - 16 Oct 1884  Nripendra Narayan                  (b. 1862 - d. 1911)
                             (personal style Maharaja from 25 Feb 1880)
 6 Aug 1863 -  8 Nov 1883  Regents
                           -
Maharani Kameswari (f)           (s.a.)
                           -
Maharani Vrisundeshwari (f)
                           -
Maharani Nistarini Deo (f)
Maharajas

16 Oct 1884 - 18 Sep 1911  Nripendra Narayan                  (s.a.)
                            
(from 23 Feb 1888, Sir Nripendra Narayan)
18 Sep 1911 -  1 Sep 1913  Rajendra II Narayan                (b. 1882 - d. 1913)
18 Sep 1911 -  1 Sep 1913  Maharani Siniti Devi (f) -Regent   (b. 1864 - d. 1932)
 1 Sep 1913 - 20 Dec 1922  Jitendra Narayan                   (b. 1886 - d. 1922)
                            
(from 1 Jan 1917, Sir Jitendra Narayan)
20 Dec 1922 - 12 Sep 1949  Jagaddipendra Narayan              (b. 1915 - d. 1970)

                             (from 14 Aug 1947, Sir
Jagaddipendra Narayan)
20 Dec 1922 - 
6 Apr 1936  Maharani Indira Devi               (b. 1892 - d. 1968)
                             Sahiba (f) -Regent
                             (president of the Council of State)

Dewans (chief ministers)
1714 - 1738                Satyanarayan
1738 - 1765                Kumar Kharganarayan
1765 - 1770                Ram Narayan
1770                       Hareswar Karjee
1770 - 17..                Surendra Narayan
17.. - 1785?               Kamar Surendra Narayan
c.1789                     Kashi Kanta Lahiri
1791 - 1793                Joy Gopal Singh
1796 - 1797                Shyam Chandra Chatterjee
1797 - 1801                Padma Mochun
1801 - 1802                Kasinath Lahiri                    (d. 1802)
1802 - 1803                Guru Prasad Rai (1st time)
1803 - 1804                Radha Krishna Lahiri (1st time)
1804 - 1806                Joy Gopal Singh                    (d. 1806)
1806 - 1808                Choa Lal Sarkar                    (d. 1808)
1808 - 1811                Radha Krishna Lahiri (2nd time)
1811 - 1816                Guru Prasad Rai (2nd time)
1816 - 1825                Radha Krishna Lahiri (3rd time)
1825 - 1829                Kalichandra Lahiri (1st time)
1829 - 1842                Ramchandra Lahiri
1842 - 1844                Kalichandra Lahiri (2nd time)
1844 - c.1851              Kali Krishna Lahiri                (d. 1851)
c.1864 - Dec 1868          Babu Nil Kamal Sanyal              (d. 1868)
Aug 1869 -  1 Nov 1911     Rai Calica Dass Dutt Bahadur       (b. 1841 - d. 19..)

Nov 1911 -  9 Jan 1915     Babu Priya Nath Ghosh              (d. 1915)
11 Jan 1915 - Jan 1920     Narendra Nath Sen                  (b. 1843 - d. 19..)
Vice-Presidents of the Council of State (chief ministers)
 3 Mar 1920 -  8 Nov 1923  Henry Joseph Twynam                (b. 1887 - d. 1966)
 8 Nov 1923 - Nov 1926     Charles Terence Chichele Plowden   (b. 1883 - d. 1956)
20 Nov 1926 - 31 Mar 1931  William Gordon Hutchinson          (b. 1876 - d. 1940)
31 Mar 1931 - 13 Mar 1934  Kenmure Alick Garth Evans-Gordon   (b. 1885 - d. 1960)
13 Mar 1934 - 18 Mar 1936  John Aloysius Brett                (b. 1879 - d. 1955)
19 Mar 1936 - 16 Nov 1936  John Dawson Tyson                  (b. 1893 - d. 1976)
Nov 1936 - 21 Nov 1939     Leonard George Coke-Wallis         (b. 1900 - d. 1974)
Chief ministers
1939 - 1940                Karali Charan Ganguli (acting)
1940 - 1944                R. Subbiah Naidu 
1944 - 1947                Sardar D.K. Sen                    (b. 1897 – d. 19..)
1947 - 1949                Himmat Singh K. Maheshwari

British Commissioners of Cooch Behar (Kuch Bahar)
10 Mar 1789 - 10 Aug 1789  W.T.V. Short
Aug 1789 - 1791            Henry Douglas
                             (arrived Jan/Feb 1790)
1791 - 1795                Charles Andrew Bruce
Oct 1795 - 1797            William Towers Smith               (b. 1768 - d. 1826)
1797 - 1801                Richard Ahmuty
1801 - 1803                Post abolished
Jan 1803 -  1 Aug 1804     Francis Pierard
 1 Aug 1804 - Feb 1805     Post abolished
18 Feb 1805 - 25 Jun 1805  John French
1805 - 1813                Post abolished
Collectors of Rangpur (controllers of the state)
1803 - 1807                Archibald Montgomerie
1807 - 1809                James Morgan
1809 - 1813                John Digby

British Commissioners
of Cooch Behar (Kuch Bahar)
1813 - Nov 1816            Norman Macleod
11 Nov 1816 - 1831         David Scott                        (b. 1786 - d. 1831)
1831 - 1834                Thomas Campbell Robertson          (b. 1789 - d. 1863)
1834 - Jan 1861            Francis Jenkins                    (b. 1793 - d. 1866)
1861 - 1864                Henry Hopkinson                    (b. 1820 - d. 1899)
Feb 1864 - Jun 1865       
John Colpoys Haughton (1st time)   (b. 1817 - d. 1887)
Jun 1865 - 1865            Herbert Bruce (acting)
1865 - Dec 1866            William Agnew (acting)
Dec 1866 - Feb 1873       
John Colpoys Haughton (2nd time)   (s.a.)
Feb 1873 - 1873            H.C. Richardson (acting)
1873 -  1 Mar 1874         Charles Theophilus Metcalfe (acting)
 1 Mar 1874 - 1875        
Sir William James Herschel         (b. 1833 - d. 1917)
1875 -
1876                Francis Richard Cockerell          (b. 1829 - d. 1887)
1876 - Oct 1883           
Henry Ulick Browne, Marquess       (b. 1831 - d. 1913)
                             of Silgo
Superintendents
Dec 1883 -  1 Nov 1891     A
lexander Evans Gordon             (b. 1845 - d. 19..)
 1 Nov 1894 -  4 Dec 1891  Rai Calica Dass Dutt Bahadur       (s.a.)
                             (acting)
 
4 Dec 1891 -  1 Apr 1896  Edmond Elliot Lowis                (b. 1836 - d. 1918)
 1 Apr 1896 - 1899         David Robert Lyall                 (b. 1842 - d. 1917)
 4 Apr 1899 - 1903         John Russell
Colquhoun Colvin      (b. 1858 - d. 1935)
Nov 1903 - 22 Apr 1908     Egbert Laurie Lucas Hammond        (b. 1873 - d. 1939)
22 Apr 1908 - 22 Apr 1913 
Arthur William Dentith             (b. 1874 - d. 1957)
                           + B. Ghose
1913 -  1 Jun 1916         Edward Woodfield Collin
            (b. 1855 - d. 1944)
 1 Jul 1916 -  3 Mar 1920  James Aitchison Milligan           (b. 1879 - d. 19..)



Kochin (Cochin)
 
[Kochin
                          (Cochin) c.1890-1947 (India)]
c.1890 - 1947 State Flag
[Kochin (Cochin)
                          1947-1949 (India)]
1947 - 1 Jul 1949 State Flag
[Cochin
                          (Kochin) Merchant flag 1924-1947 (India)]
10 Oct 1924 - 14 Aug 1947 Merchant Flag
Map of Kochin Capital: Ernakulam
(
Royal capitals:
Mattancherry to
c.1840; from c.1755 Thripunithura;
16th cent. Thrissur)
Population: 1,422,875 (1941) State Troops:
  460 (1939)
Constitution:
Government of
Cochin Act
(17 Jun 1938)
Salute: 17 guns

Late middle ages           Perumpadappu (Kochin) state founded.
.... - 1503                Vassal of Calicut (Kozhikode).

1503 -  6 Jan 1663         Portuguese protectorate;
occupation of Fort Kochi (Fort Manuel).
 
6 Jan 1663                Portuguese ceded Kochin (Fort Cochin) to the Dutch
                             (transferred to the British in 13 Aug 1814 by treaty).
 6 Jan 1663 - 20 Oct 1795  Dutch protectorate.

1773 - 18 Mar 1792         Tributary to Mahisur (Mysore).
18 Mar 1792                British protectorate (confirmed 6 May 1809 by treaty).
20 Oct 1795                British occupy Fort Kochi (razed in 1806).

15 Aug 1947                Accession to India.
 1 Jul 1949                Merged into United State of Travancore and Cochin (from 1 Nov
                             1956,
Kerala).

Rulers (title Maharaja Gangadhara Koviladhi Karikal)
Nov 1697 - 1701            Ramavarma V                        (d. 1701)
1701 - Oct 1721            Ramavarma VI                       (d. 1721)
1721 - 1731                Ravivarma III                      (d. 1731)
1731 - Jan 1746            Ramavarma VI                       (d. 1746)
1746 - 14 Jan 1749         Keralavarma I                      (d. 1749)
1749 - Aug 1760            Ramavarma VII                      (d. 1760)
Aug 1760 - Sep 1775        Keralavarma II                     (d. 1775)
Sep 1775 - 16 Aug 1790     Ramavarma VIII                     (d. 1790)
Aug 1790 - 26 Sep 1805     Ramavarma IX "Saktan Tampuran"     (b. 1751 - d. 1805)
Sep 1805 - Jan 1809        Ramavarma X                        (d. 1809)
Jan 1809 -  4 Aug 1828     Keralavarma III "Virulam Tampuran" (d. 1828)
Aug 1828 - Nov 1837        Ramavarma XI                       (d. 1837)
Nov 1837 - Jun 1844        Ramavarma XII                      (d. 1844)
Jun 1844 - Jul 1851        Ramavarma XIII                     (d. 1851)
Jul 1851 - Feb 1853        Keralavarma IV                     (d. 1853)
16 May 1853 - 11 Feb 1864  Ravivarma IV                       (d. 1864)
1856 - 1858                Gangadhara Lakshmi(f) -Regent
28 Mar 1864 -  2 Aug 1888  Ramavarma XIV                      (b. 1835 - d. 1888)
                             (from 2 Jun 1869, Sir Ramavarma XIV)
1888 - 12 Sep 1895         Sir Keralavarma V                  (b. 1846 - d. 1895)

23 Oct 1895 -  7 Dec 1914  Ramavarma XV                       (b. 1852 - d. 1932)

                             (from 22 Jun 1897, Sir Ramavarma XV)
 
7 Dec 1914 - 25 Mar 1932  Ramavarma XVI                      (b. 1858 - d. 1932)
                             (from 3 Jun 1918, Sir Ramavarma XVI)
25 Mar 1932 - 23 May 1941  Ramavarma XVII                     (b. 1861 - d. 1941)

                             (from 1 Jan 1935, Sir
Ramavarma XVII)
23 May 1941 - 13 Oct 1943  Keralavarma VI                     (b. 1863 - d. 1943)

                             (from 2 Jun 1943, Sir Keralavarma VI)
21 Dec 1943 -  1 Feb 1946  Ravivarma V                        (b. 1865 - d. 1946)

 1 Feb 1946 -  8 Jul 1948  Keralavarma VII                    (b. 1870 - d. 1948)
 8 Jul 1948 -  1 Jul 1949  Ramavarma XVIII                    (b. 1876 - d. 1964)       

Dewans (chief ministers)
1663 - 1684                Komi Achan
1684 - ....                Ittinnan Achan
.... - 1725                Ittinikumaran Achan
1725 - 1754                Idikkela Menon                     (d. 1754)
1756 - 1779                Paliath Komi Achan                 (d. 1779)

1779 - ....                Govinda Menon
.... - 1809                Rama Menon
1809 - Jun 1812            Kunjikrishna Menon

Jun 1812 - 1818            Sir John Munro                     (b. 1778 - d. 1858)
Feb 1818 – Apr 1825        Nanjappaya                         (d. 1825)
Apr 1825 – Apr 1830        Seshagiri Raya
1830 - Oct 1834            Edamana Shankara Menon
Oct 1834 – 22 Jan 1840     Venkata Subbaraya
22 Jan 1840 - 23 Oct 1856  Thottakattu Sankara Variyar        (b. 1798 - d. 1856)
                             (Warrier)  

1856 - Apr 1860            Venkata Rayar (Rao)
1860 - 22 Aug 1879         Thottakattu Sankunni Menon         (b. 1820 - d. 1881)
1879 - Sep 1889            Thottakattu Govinda Menon          (b. 1823 - d. ....)
1890 - Nov 1892            C. Thiruvenkatacharya              (d. 1893)
Nov 1892 - Dec 1896        Subramnya Pillai
Dec 1896 - Aug 1901        Perungavur Rajagopalachari         (b. 1862 - d. 1927)
Aug 1901 - Sep 1902        S. Locke (1st time)(acting)
Sep 1902 - 20 Mar 1907     Nemali Pattabhirama Rao Pantulu    (b. 1862 - d. 1937)
20 Mar 1907 - 15 May 1907  S. Locke (2nd time)(acting)
15 May 1907 -  2 May 1914  Albion Rajkumar Banerjee           (b. 1871 - d. 1950)

 2 May 1914 -  3 Mar 1919  Joseph William Bhore               (b. 1878 - d. 1960)
 3 Mar 1919 - 13 Apr 1922  Thiruvalayangudi                   (b. 1875 - d. 1953)
                             Vijayaraghavacharya

13 Apr 1922 - 1925         P. Narayana Menon
1925 - 1930                Tarakat Subramania Narayana Iyer   (b. 1898 - d. 19..)
1930 - 1935                Charles Gordon Herbert             (b. 1893 – d. 1970)

Mar 1935 - Jun 1941        Sir Ramasamy Chetty Kandasamy      (b. 1892 - d. 1953) 
                             Shanmukham Chetty
Jun 1941 - Oct 1941        Komattil Achyutha Menon
Oct 1941 - Nov 1943        Arthur Frederic William Dixon      (b. 1892 – d. 1948)
Nov 1943 - Aug 1944        Sir George Townsend Boag           (b. 1884 - d. 1969)
Aug 1944 -  1 Sep 1947     Cherubala Pathayapura Karunakara   (b. 1891 - d. 1976)
                             Menon 

Prime ministers

 
1 Sep 1947 - 22 Oct 1947  Panampilly Govinda Menon           (b. 1908 - d. 1970)  AISPC
22 Oct 1947 - 19 Sep 1948  Tozhur Krishnana "T.K." Nair       (b. 1896 - d. 1971)  CPP
                             (acting to 27 Oct 1947)
20 Sep 1948 - 30 Jun 1949  E. Ikkanda Warrier                 (b. 1890 - d. 1977)  INC 



Kodagu (Coorg)

Middle Ages                Kodagu (Coorg) state in the southern Dekkan founded.
1780 - 1788                Occupied by Mahisur (Mysore).
26 Oct 1790                British protectorate.
11 Apr 1834                State extinguished, annexed to British India (as Coorg province).

Rajas
1687 - 1736                Dodda Virappa                      (b. 1657 - d. 1736)
1736 - 1766                Cikka Virappa                      (d. 1766)
1766 - 1770                Muddu II                           (b. 1700 - d. 1770)
                           - jointly with -
1766 - 1770                Muddaya                            (d. 1770)
1770 - 1774                Devappa                            (d. 1774)
1774 - 1780                Lingaraja I                        (b. c.1710 - d. 1780)
1780 -  9 Jun 1809         Virarajendra I Udaiyar             (b. 1763 - d. 1809)
 9 Jun 1809 - 1811         Devammaji (f) -Rani                (b. 1799 - d. 1833)
1809 - 1811               
Lingaraja -Regent                  (b. 1775 - d. 1820) 
1811 - 1820                Lingaraja II Udaiyar               (s.a.)
1820 - 11 Apr 1834         Cikka Virarajendra II Udaiyar      (b. 1800 - d. 1863)


Kolaba (Colaba)

[Kolaba (Colaba)
                        Possible Flag to 1840 (India)]
Possible Flag to 8 Apr 1840

1698                       Kolaba (Colaba) estate (jagir?) established by a Mahratta
                             admiral
.
1698 - 1818                Tributary to Satara (except 1713-1766 during opposition to Peshwa).
16 Aug 1822                British protectorate, recognized as a state.
 8 Apr 1840                Annexed to British India (part of Bombay)(confirmed 18 Apr 1843).

Rulers (title Sarkhel)
1698 -  4 Jul 1729         Kanhoji I Angria                   (b. 1669 - d. 1729)
1729 - 1733                Sakhoji Angria                     (d. 1733)
1733 - 1759                Manaji I Angria                    (d. 1759)
                             [jointly with the following two]
1740 - 1748                Sambhaji Angria                    (d. 1748)
1748 - 1755                Tulaji Angria                      (d. 1786)
1759 - 1793                Raghoji I Angria                   (d. 1793)
1793 - 1799                Manaji II Angria (1st time)        (d. 1817)
1793 - 1799                Jaysingh Angria -Regent
1793 - 1796                Rani Anandibai (f)                 (d. 1796)
                             (regent in opposition to Jaysingh)
1799 - 1814                Kasibai Angria (f)
1814 - 1817                Manaji II Angria (2nd time)        (s.a.)
1817 - 26 Dec 1838         Raghoji II Angria                  (b. 1803 - d. 1838)
1817 - c.1825              Vinayak Parshuram Bivalkar -Regent
                             (1st time)
 6 Feb 1839 -  8 Apr 1840  Kanhoji II Angria                  (b. 1839 - d. 1840)
 6 Feb 1839 -  8 Apr 1840  Regents
                           - Vinayak Parshuram Bivalkar
                              (2nd time)
                           - Kamlabai (f)                     (d. 1852)

British Residents at Fort Victoria (Bankot)
1814 - 1817                James Joseph Sparrow               (b. 1781 - d. 1829)
1817 - 1821                John Hinde Pelly                   (b. 1786 - d. 1852)
29 Dec 1839 - 6 Feb 1840   Courtenay



Kolhapur

[Kolhapur 1731-1949
                        (India)]
1731 - 1 Mar 1949

Map of Kolhapur Population: 1,092,000 (1941) Government of Kolhapur
Act
(30 Jan 1942)

Salute: 19 guns
Capital: Kolhapur Anthem
"Jai Bhawani"
------------------------------
State Forces: 815 (1945)
Ethnic groups: Marathi 80%, Kannada 15%, other 5% (1931)
Religions: Hindu 88%,
Muslim 5%, Jain 5%,
other 2% (1941)

1710                       Former ruler Shivaji II of Satara founds Kolhapur state, in
                             opposition to Satara.

26 Apr 1731                Dispute with Satara settled, the ruler of Kolhapur becomes a
                             subordinated ruler to Satara.
 1 Oct 1812                British protectorate (by treaty).
13 Jun 1817                Recognized as a separate state by the British-Mahratta treaty.
15 Aug 1947                Accession to India.

Mar 1948 – Feb 1949        Administered by India.
 
1 Mar 1949                Merged into Bombay (
from 1 May 1960, Maharashtra).

Rulers (title Raja Chhatrapati)
1710 -  2 Aug 1714         Shivaji I                          (b. 1696 - d. 1726)
                             (ruler of Satara 1700-1707)   

1710 -  2 Aug 1714         Tarabai Sahib Bhonsle (f) -Regent  (b. 1675 - d. 1761)
 2 Aug 1714 - 20 Dec 1760  Shambhuji II                       (b. 1698 - d. 1760)

20 Dec 1760 - 17 Feb 1773  Jijibai Sahib Bhonsle (f) -Regent  (b. 1716 - d. 1773)
22 Sep 1762 - 24 Apr 1813  Shivaji II                         (b. 1756 - d. 1813)
17 Feb 1773 - 18 Jul 1779  Durgabai Maharaj (f) -Regent       (d. 1779)
24 Apr 1813 -  2 Jul 1821  Shambhuji III "Appa Sahib"         (b. 1801 - d. 1821)
 2 Jul 1821 -  3 Jan 1822  Shivaji III                        (b. 1816 - d. 1822)
 2 Jul 1821 -  3 Jan 1822  
Shahaji "Buwasaheb" -Regent        (b. 1802 - d. 1838)
 3 Jan 1822 - 29 Nov 1838  Shahaji I "Baba Sahib"             (s.a.)
29 Nov 1838 -  4 Aug 1866  Shivaji IV                         (b. 1830 - d. 1866)
29 Nov 1838 - 1845         Rani Saibai II (f) -Regent         (d. 1861)
 4 Aug 1866 - 30 Nov 1870  Rajaram I Nagaji Rao               (b. 1850 - d. 1870)

186. -  9 May 1867         Ramrao Tadpatri -Regent            (d. 1867)
                             (State Administrator)
30 Nov 1870 - 12 Oct 1871  Rani Tarabai Bhonsle (f) -Regent   (b. 1855 - d. 1874)

12 Oct 1871 - 25 Dec 1883  Shivaji V Chhatrapati Narayana Rao (b. 1863 - d. 1883)

                             (from 1 Jan 1877, Sir Shivaji V Chhatrapati Narayana Rao)
                             (personal style Maharaja)

18 Jun 1882 - 25 Dec 1883  Jaisinhrao Ghatge -Regent          (d. 1886)
                             (1st time)
25 Dec 1883 - 17 Mar 1884  Rani Anandbai Sahib (f) -Regent

17 Mar 1884 - 23 May 1900  Shahaji II Chhatrapati Jashwant    (b. 1874 - d. 1922)
                             Rao "Baba Sahib" 
                             (from 1 Jan 1895, Sir Shahaji II Chhatrapati Jashwant Rao)
17 Mar 1884 - 20 Mar 1886  Jaisinhrao Ghatge
-Regent          (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)

Maharajas

23 May 1900 -  6 May 1922  Sir Shahaji II Chhatrapati Jashwant(s.a.)
                             Rao "Baba Sahib"
 6 May 1922 - 26 Nov 1940  Rajaram II Chhatrapati             (b. 1897 - d. 1940)

                             (from 3 Jun 1924, Sir Rajaram II Chhatrapati)
26 Nov 1940 - 13 Jul 1942  Regency (the prime ministers)
13 Jul 1942 - 18 Nov 1942  Tarabai Sahib Chhatrapati (f)      (b. 1904 - d. 19..)
                             (regent) (1st time)   

18 Nov 1942 - 28 Sep 1946  Shivaji VI Chhatrapati             (b. 1941 - d. 1946)
22 Nov 1942 - 31 Mar 1947  Tarabai Sahib Chhatrapati (f)      (s.a.)
                             (regent) (2nd time) 

31 Mar 1947 -  1 Mar 1949  Sir Shahaji III Chhatrapati        (b. 1910 - d. 1983)
                             (= Maharaja Vikramasimha Rao Puar of Dewas [Senior Branch])

Dewans (chief ministers)
1772 - 1782                Yashvantrav Shinde
 
5 Jun 1783 – 1809         Ratnakarpant Rajadnya              (d. 1819)
1809 - 1813?               Rayajirao Japtanmulk
                           + Haibatrao Gaikwad
1813 – 1815/6              Haibatrao Gaikwad
1813 - 1821                Bhau Maharaj

1822 - 18..                Narayanrao Pandit Rajadnya         (d. 1835)
                             (1st time)
182. – 1826                Anantshastri Shrialkar             (d. 1826)
1826 - 182.                Krishnarao Jadhav Garde
1829 - 1830                Narayanrao Pandit Rajadnya         (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
1830 - 1842                Ramrao Desai
1842 – Jan 1843            Dinkarrao Gaikwad
31 Jan 1843 – Mar 1844     Ramchandrarao Rajadnya
Mar 1844 - 1845            Daji Krishnarao                    (d. 1854)
                             (= Daji Krishna Pandit)
1845 – 1849                Douglas Graham (1st time)          (d. 1853)
1849 - 1852                Anderson (acting)
1852 - 1853                Douglas Graham
(2nd time)          (s.a.)
1853 - 1856                George Malcolm
28 Oct 1856 - 1857         Thomas Maughan                     (b. 1805 - d. 1861)
14 Aug 1857 - 31 Mar 1858  George Le Grand Jacob              (b. 1805 - d. 1881)
                             (special commissioner Kolhapur)
1858 - 1859                A.D. Robertson
1859 - May 1861            William Henry Havelock             (b. 1826 - d. 1876)
                             (political agent)
1861 – Aug 1866            the ruler
1866 - Dec 1874            George Sligo Alexander Anderson    (b. 1822 - d. 1885)
State Administrators
 9 Jun 1870 - 1884         Maahadev Vasudev Barve
                             (= Madhavrao Barve)

Mar 1886 - Jun 1890        William Lee Warner                 (b. 1846 - d. 1914)
                             (president council of administration)
Jul 1890 -  2 Apr 1894     Khansaheb Meheraji Taraporwala
                             (president council of administration)
1885 - 1898                Meherjibhoy Kuverji Taraporewalla

                            
(acting for Barve 1883-1884)
 
5 Sep 1898 -  2
Jan 1926  Raghunath Vyankaji Sabnis          (b. 1857 - d. 1948)
Oct 1925 - 12 Mar 1931     Anna Babaji Latthe                 (b. 1878 - d. 1950)
                             (acting to 2 Jan 1926)
 
7 Jun 1930 - 15 Oct 1930  Dadasaheb Appasaheb Surve          (b. 1903 – d. 19..)
                             (acting for Latthe)
16 Oct 1930 - 28 Mar 1931  Dattajirao Madhavrao Bhosle        (b. 1903 – d. 19..)
                             (acting [for Latthe to 12 Mar 1931])
Prime ministers
29 Mar 1931 – Oct 1941     Dadasaheb Appasaheb Surve          (s.a.)
                             (1st time)
1932 - 1933                Dattajirao Madhavrao Bhosle
                             (acting for Surve)
Oct 1941 - Mar 1944        Edward William Perry              
(b. 1891 - d. 1971)
Mar 1944 - Apr 1944       
P.C. Patil
Apr 1944 - Apr 1946        Alfred Norval Mitchell             (b. 1906 - d. 1988)
Apr 1946 - 1947            Sir Thomas Austin                  (b. 1887 - d. 1976)

 1 Jun 1947 - Nov 1947     Dadasaheb Appasaheb Surve          (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
Nov 1947 – Mar 1948        Vasantrao Bagal                                         AISPC
Indian Administrator
Mar 1948 – Feb 1949        Venkatasubramani Nanjappa          (b. 1911 - d. 19..)

British Residents at Kolhapur and Political Agents for Southern Mahratta Country
(with the status of a Political Agent)
1911 - Apr 1922            Frederick William Wodehouse        (b. 1867 - d. 1961)
Apr 1922 - Feb 1923        Lionel Edward Lang (acting)        (b. 1885 - d. 1956)
Feb 1923 - Oct 1925        Robert Southey Pottinger           (b. 1870 - d. 1943)
Oct 1925 - Jan 1928        Edward O'Brien                     (b. 1872 - d. 1965)
Jan 1928 - Oct 1932        Lionel Edward Lang                 (s.a.)
Oct 1932 -  1 Apr 1933     Herbert Milner Wightwick           (b. 1885 - d. 1942)
Agents to the Governor-General (from 1 Apr 1937, Residents) for Kolhapur and
Deccan States Agency
(in Kolhapur)(as of 1947, in charge of the Deccan states¹)
 1 Apr 1933 - 26 Oct 1934  Harold Wilberforce-Bell            (b. 1885 - d. 1956)
27 Oct 1934 - 11 Nov 1934  Alexander Alfred Russell           (b. 1898 - d. 1967)
12 Nov 1934 - 16 Aug 1935  John Creery Tate                   (b. 1884 - d. 1942)
17 Aug 1935 - 30 May 1936  John de la Hay Gordon (acting)     (b. 1887 - d. 1959)
31 May 1936 -  6 Jun 1936  Kenneth Chalmers Packman (acting)  (b. 1899 - d. 1969)
 7 Jun 1936 - 16 Oct 1937  Kenmure Alick Garth Evans-Gordon   (b. 1885 - d. 1960)
                             (1st time) (acting)
17 Oct 1937 - 1938         George Patterson Murphy            (b. 1883 - d. 1938)
16 Jun 1938 - 1940         Kenmure Alick Garth Evans-Gordon   (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
 7 Mar 1940 - 1942         Philip Gaisford                    (b. 1891 - d. 1973)
23 Oct 1942 - 1944         Cosmo Grant Niven Edwards          (b. 1896 - d. 1964)
Sep 1944 - 1945            Joseph Herbert Thompson            (b. 1898 - d. 1984)
23 Mar 1945 - 1947         Cecil Walter Lewery Harvey         (b. 1897 - d. 1958)
1947                       Basil Woods-Ballard                (b. 1900 - d. 1980)
Indian Regional Commissioner for Kolhapur and the Deccan States (in Kolhapur)
c.1948                     ....

 ¹the Deccan states as of 1947: Akalkot, Aundh, Bhor, Jamkhandi, Janjira, Jath, Kolhapur, Kurundwad Junior, Kurundwad Senior, Miraj Junior, Miraj Senior, Mudhol, Phaltan, Ramdurg, Sangli, Savanur, and Sawantwadi, as well as the immediate Wadi estate.



Korea (Koriya)

[Korea
                          (Koriya) state flag 1924-1948 (India)]
1924 - 1 Jan 1948 State Flag
[Korea (Koriya)
                          state royal flag to 1948 (India)]
Royal Flag 1924 - 1 Jan 1948
Capital: Baikunthpur Population: 126,874 (1941)
State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: None

16..                       Korea (Koriya) state founded.
24 Dec 1819                Ceded by Nagpur, the British protectorate (transferred already
                             in 1818), remains an estate.
 9 Feb 1876                Korea estate (zamindari) becomes a state.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
 1 Jan 1948                Merged into Central Provinces (26 Jan 1950 - 1 Nov 2000
                             Madhya Pradesh; from 1 Nov 2000 Chhattisgarh).

Rajas
.... - ....                Jit Rai Deo
.... - ....                Sagar Sahi Deo
.... - ....                Afhar Sahi Deo
.... - ....                Jahan Sahi Deo
.... - ....                Sawal Sahi Deo
.... - ....                Gajraj Singh Deo
1795 - Jun 1828            Gharib Singh Deo                   (b. 1745 - d. 1828)
Jun 1828 - 1864            Amole Singh Deo                    (b. 1785 - d. 1864)
 4 Apr 1864 - 1897         Pran Singh Deo                     (b. 1857/59 - d. 1897)
1897 - 18 Nov 1909         Sheo Mangal Singh Deo              (b. 1874 - d. 1909)
18 Nov 1909 -  1 Jan 1948  Ramanuj Pratap Singh Deo           (b. 1901 - d. 1954)
18 Nov 1909 - Jan 1925     Superintendents
                           - Pandit Gore Lall Pathak (1909-c.1911)
                           - Pandit Gangadin Shukul (c.1915)

Dewans (chief ministers)
c.1939                     A.N. Aindley
bf.1944 - af.1946          Sohan Lal Srivastava


Kot Kapura: see Faridkot


Kota (Kotah)

[Kotah bf.1877-1948
                        (India)]
bf.1877 - 25 Mar 1948

Capital: Kota Population: 777,398 (1941)
State Forces/Troops: 1,110 (1939)
Salute: 17 guns

1631                       Kota state secedes from Bundi.
18 Jun 1707 -  8 Sep 1713  Re-united with Bundi.
25 Dec 1817                British protectorate (by treaty).
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
25 Mar 1948                Merged into Rajasthan.

Rulers (title Maharao)
Apr 1696 - 18 Jun 1707     Ram Singh I                        (b. 16.. - d. 1707)
18 Jun 1707 -  8 Sep 1713  interregnum
 8 Sep 1713
 - 19 Jun 1720  Bhim Singh I                       (b. 1682 - d. 1720)
19 Jun 1720 - Oct 1723     Arjun Singh                        (d. 1723)
Oct 1723 -  1 Aug 1756     Durjan Sal                         (d. 1756)
1756 - Mar 1758            Ajit Singh                         (b. bf.1676 - d. 1758)
Mar 1758 - 17 Dec 1764     Chhatar Sal Singh I                (b. bf.1718 - d. 1764)
17 Dec 1764 - 17 Jan 1771  Guman Singh                        (b. 1724 - d. 1771)
17 Jan 1771 - 19 Nov 1819  Umaid Singh I                      (b. 1761 - d. 1819)
19 Nov 1819 - 20 Jul 1828  Kishor Singh II                    (b. c.1781 - d. 1828)
20 Jul 1828 - 27 Mar 1866  Ram Singh II                       (b. 1808 - d. 1866)
27 Mar 1866 - 11 Jun 1889  Chhatar Sal Singh II               (b. 1837 - d. 1889)
11 Jun 1889 - 27 Dec 1940  Umaid Singh II                     (b. 1873 - d. 1940)
                             (from 23 May 1900, Sir Umaid Singh II)
11 Jun 1889 -  5 Dec 1896  Raghunath Das
Chaube -Regent
27 Dec 1940 - 25 Mar 1948  Bhim Singh II                      (b. 1909 - d. 1991)
                             (from 14 Aug 1947, Sir
Bhim Singh II)

Dewan (chief minister)
c.1897 - c.1923            Chaube Rhagunath Das
Senior Member of the State Council (Mahakma Khas)

c.1923 - c.1933            Pandit Bishambar Nath
c.1936 - 1940              Onkar Singh                        (b. 1872 - d. 1951)
                             (from 1939, Sir Onkar Singh)
Prime ministers
1940 - 1941                Sir Onkar Singh                    (s.a.)
1941 - 1942                Sir Harilal Nemchand Gosalia       (b. 1877 - d. 19..)
Jul 1942 – 1943            Shreenath Mehta                    (b. 1904 - d. 19..)
Dec 1943 - 1945            Kunj Beharilal Seth                (b. 1895 - d. 19..)
c.1946                     Brij Chand Sharma



Kotda-Sangani

Capital: Kotda-Sangani Population: 12,160 (1941)
State Troops:
None (1939)

Salute: None

1807/08 - 1948             Kotda-Sangani part of the Western Kathiawar semi-jurisdictional
                             states
(see under Jasdan).
 7 Dec 1943 - 15 Aug 1947  Attached (the British jurisdictional authority granted) to Gondal.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
15 Feb 1948                Merged into Saurashtra.
 1 Nov 1956                Part of Bombay (from 1 May 1960, Gujarat).


Rulers (title Thakor)
1699 - 1727?               Tejoji
1727 - 1755                Jasaji
1755
- 1812                Hothiji                            (d. 1812)
1812 - 1825                Bhojrajji                          (d. 1825)
1825 - 1838                Bamaniaji
1838 - 1840                Sabloji
1840 - 1862                Meroji
1862 - 1878                Tajoji                             (d. 1878)
23 Nov 1878 - 1913         Mulvaji                            (b. 1872 - d. 1913)
1913 - 1930                Himatsinhji                        (b. 1892 - d. 19..)
1930 - 15 Feb 1948         Pradyumnasinhji                    (b. 1920 - d. 1980)

Karbhari (state managers)
c.1894 - 1896              Umiashankar Jivanram
bf.Apr 1909 - 17 Nov 1919  Laxmishankar Dullabaji Sawadia
18 Nov 1919 - c.1921       Nahanalal Himatram Dave
c.1939                     Meruji Dussaji Chudasama
Dewan (chief minister)
c.1941                     J.H. Buch   



Kothi

Capital: Kothi Population: 24,776 (1941)
State Troops:
None (1939)

Salute: None

17 Aug 1810                British recognize Kothi estate (jagir) of Panna as state.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
 4 Apr 1948                Merged into Vindhya Pradesh (from 1 Nov 1956, Madhya Pradesh).

Rulers (title Rais; from 1878, Raja Bahadur)
1810 - 18..                Lal Duniyapat Singh
18.. - 1862                Lal Andhut Singh                   (d. 1862)
1862 - 1887                Ran Bahadur Singh                  (b. 1829 - d. 1887)
1887 - 1895                Bhagwat Bahadur Singh              (b. 1852 - d. 1895)
1895 - 1914                Avadhendra Bahadur Singh           (d. 1914)
1914 - 1935                Sitaram Pratap Singh               (b. 1892 - d. 1935)
1935 -  4 Apr 1948         Kaushalendra Pratap Singh          (b. 1912 - d. 19..)



Kotkhai (Kot Khai)

.... - 182.                Tributary to Pañjab (Punjab).
Sep 1827 - Jan 1828        British India administration.
Jan 1828                   Annexed to British India (part of Punjab; from 15 Apr 1948,
                             Himachal Pradesh).


Rulers (title Rana)

1812 - 1821                Ranjit Singh                       (b. 1782 - d. 1821)
1821 - Jan 1828            Bhagwan Singh                      (d. 1859)  


Kozhikode (Calicut)

c.826 AD                   Nediyirippu Swaroopam (Kozhikode) state founded
                             according to tradition.
1124                       Calicut (Kozhikode) city founded.
1503 - Nov 1571            Portuguese Fort at Chaliyam.
1591 - 1663                Portuguese settlement at Calicut.
1663 - 20 Oct 1795         Dutch settlement at Calicut.
27 Apr 1766 - 1768         Annexed by Mahisur (Mysore).
1768 - 1774                Tributary to Mahisur (Mysore).
1774 - 1792                Restored to Mahisur (Mysore).               
1782 - 1784                British occupation of Calicut.
18 Aug 1792                British protectorate.
15 Nov 1806                Reduced to an estate (zamindari)(part of Madras).

Rulers (title Samoothiri Raja [Zamorin])
1684 - 1705                Manavikraman VI Bharani Tirunal     (d. 1705)

1705 - 1711                Nileswaram Tirunal                  (d. 1705)
1711 - 1729                Vira Raya                           (d. 1729)
1729 -  4 Apr 1741         Manavikraman VII                    (d. 1741)
1741 - 12 Feb 1746         ... Kilakke Kovilakam               (b. 1706/11 - d. 1746)
1746 -  7 May 1758         ... Puthiya Kovilakam               (d. 1758)
1758 - 27 Apr 1766         ... Kilakke Kovilakam               (d. 1766)
1766 - 1788
               ... Puthiya Kovilakam               (d. 1788)
1766 - 1768                Madanna
                             (Mysore governor of Malabar, in Calicut)
1788 - 28 Mar 1798
        Karlavarma Vikram Puthiya           (d. 1798)
                             Kovilakam

1798 - 15 Nov 1806         Kishanvarma Puthiya Kovilakam       (d. 1816)


Kullu (Kulu)

c.500             
         Kullu (Kuluta) state founded in remote legendary antiquity.
1486                       Modern state founded.
Dec 1815                   British protectorate, also known as Sangri.
1839 - 1841                Occupied by the Sikhs.
1841                      
Annexed to the Pañjab (Punjab); part of the state continues as
                             Sangri state.
 9 Mar 1846                Annexed to British India, as Waziri Rupi estate (jagir)
                             (part of Punjab; from 31 Oct 1966, Himachal Pradesh).
 
Rajas
1688 - 1719                Man Singh                          (d. 1719)
1719 - c.1731              Raj Singh                          (d. c.1731)
1731 - 1742                Jai Singh                          (d. 1744)
1742 - 10 Jan 1767         Tedhi Singh                        (d. 1767)
10 Jan 1767 - c.1806       Pritam Singh                       (d. c.1806)
1806 - Oct 1816            Bikram Singh                       (d. 1816)
Oct 1816 - Sep 1841        Ajit Singh                         (b. 1810 - d. 1841)


Kumaon

[Kumaon kingdom to 1790
                  (India)]

c.700                      Kumaon kingdom founded in legendary antiquity.

1790 - 26 Apr 1815         Occupied by Nepal.
26 Apr 1815 -  4 Mar 1816  Occupied by U.K.
 4 Mar 1816                Annexed to British India.

Rajas
1698 - 1708                Gyan Chand 
1708 - 1720                Jagat Chand                        (d. c.1720)
1720 - 1726                Devi Chand
1726 - 1729                Ajit Chand    
1729 - 1747                Kalyan Chand V    
1747 - 1777                Deep Chand  
1777 - 1779                Mohan Chand   
1779 - 1786                Pradyumn Chand 
1786 - 1788                Mohan Chand  
1788                       Shiv Chand
1788 - 1790                Mahendra Chand


 
Kumharsain

[Kumharsain (Kumarsain)
                  princely state to 1948 (India)]

Capital: Kumharsain Population: 13,983 (1941)
State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: None

c.1000                     Kumharsain (Kumarsain) state founded.
.... - Feb 1816            Tributary of Bashahr.
1803 - 1815                Occupied by Nepal.
 
7 Feb 1816                British protectorate (then spelled Komharsein).
1839 - 1840                Occupied by British India.
1874 - 1896                Under Britsih India management.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
15 Apr 1948                Merged into Himachal Pradesh.

Rulers (title Rana Saheb)
.... - 1725                Ajmir Singh
1725 - 1755                Anup Singh                         (d. 1755)
1755 - 1789                Dalip Singh
1789 - 1803                Govardhan Singh                    (d. 1803)
1803                       Kehar Singh (1st time)             (d. 1839)

1803 - 1815                occupied by Nepal
1815 - 1839                Kehar Singh (2nd time)             (s.a.)
1839 - 1840                interregnum
1840 - 1858                Pritam Singh                       (d. 1858)
1858 - 1874                Bhawani Singh                      (d. 1874)
12 Nov 1874 - 24 Aug 1914  Hira Singh                         (b. 1849 - d. 1914)
1874 - 1896                Mangat Ram -Regent
24 Aug 1914 - 1945         Vidyadhar Singh                    (b. 1895 - d. 1945)

24 Aug 1914 - 1916?        Hira Singh -Regent
1945 -
15 Apr 1948         Sumesahwar Singh                   (b. 1930 - d. 1996)



Kunihar

Capital: Harkot Population: 2,399 (1941)
State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: None

1154                       Kunihar state founded.
1803 - 1815                Occupied by Nepal.
Feb 1816                   British protectorate.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
15 Apr 1948                Merged into Himachal Pradesh.

Rulers (title Thakur)
1763 - 1795                Anant Dev                          (b. 1715 - d. 1795)
1795 - 1803                Mungri Das (1st time)              (b. 1752 - d. 1816) 
1803 - 1815                occupied by Nepal
1815 - 1816                Mungri Das (2nd time)              (s.a.)
1816                       Puran Dev                          (b. 1769 - d. 1816)
1816 - 1866                Kishen Singh                       (b. 1803 - d. 1866)
1866 -  7 Oct 1905         Tegh Singh                         (b. 1834 - d. 1905)
 
7 Oct 1905 - 15 Apr 1948  Hardev Singh                       (b. 1898 - d. 1964)
1905 - 1917                Lakbsmi Dhar -Regent



Kurandvad (Kurundwad)(Kurandwad Senior Branch)

[Kurandvad
                        (Kurandwad Senior Branch) 1811-1948 (India)]
1811 - 8 Mar 1948

Capital: Kurundwad Population: 52,552 (1941)
State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: None

1733                       Kurandvad (Kurundwad) estate (jagir) founded.
1733 - 1818                Tributary of Satara.
 5 May 1819                British protectorate, recognized as a state.
 5 Apr 1854                Kurandvad state split into Senior and Junior Branches.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
 8 Mar 1948                Merged into Bombay (from 1 May 1960, Maharashtra).

Rulers (title Rao)
1733 - 1771                Trimbakrao I "Appa Sahib
                             Patwardhan"                      (d. 1771)
1771 -  3 Mar 1771         Nilkanthrao "Dada Sahib
                             Patwardhan"                      (b. 1726 - d. 1771)
1771 - 1801                Raghunathrao I "Dada Sahib
                             Patwardhan"                      (b. 1750 - d. 1801)
1801 - c.1812              Trimbakrao II "Appa Sahib
                             Patwardhan"
c.1812 - 1827              Keshavrao "Baba Sahib Patwardhan"  (b. .... - d. 1827)
1827 - Jan 1876            Raghunathrao II Keshavrao
                             "Dada Sahib Patwardhan"          (b. 1812 - d. 1876)
25 Jan 1876 - 16 Feb 1908  Chintamanrao I Raghunathrao
                             "Bala Sahib Patwardhan"          (b. 1849 - d. 1908)
16 Feb 1908 - 10 Sep 1927  Bhalchandrarao Chintamanrao
                             "Anna Sahib Patwardhan"          (b. 1873 - d. 1927)
10 Sep 1927 -  8 Mar 1948  Chintamanrao II Bhalchandrarao
                             "Bala Sahib Patwardhan"          (b. 1921 - d. 1980)

10 Sep 1927 - 1942         Sitabai Sahib Bhalchandrarao
                             "Mai Sahib" (f) -Regent          (b. 1901 - d. 1969)

Karbharis (state managers)
c.1939                     Govind Krishna Gokhale
c.1940                     Chakravarthi Vijairaghava Chariar



Kurandvad (Kurundwad)(Kurandwad Junior Branch)

[Kurandvad
                        (Kurandwad Junior Branch) 1854-1948 (India)]

1854 - 8 Mar 1948

Capital: Madhavpur-
Vadgaon
Population: 46,609 (1941)
State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: None

 5 Apr 1854                Senior and Junior branches split the Kurandvad state.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
 8 Mar 1948                Merged into Bombay (from 1 May 1960, Maharashtra).

Rulers (title Rao)[ruling jointly to 1931]
 5 Apr 1854 - 1869         Trimbakrao "Abba Sahib"            (d. 1869)
 5 Apr 1854 - 1876         Vinayakrao                         (b. 1823 - d. ....)
                             "Appa Sahib Patwardhan"
 5 Apr 1854 - 1899         Ganpatrao Hariharrao "Bapu Sahib"  (b. 1837 - d. 1899)
 
5 Feb 1877 - 1911         Hariharrao Vinayakrao              (b. 1852 - d. 19..)
                             "Daji Sahib Patwardhan" 
29 Jul 1899 - 1931         Madhavrao Ganpatrao
                             "Bhav Sahib Patwardhan"          (b. 1875 - d. 1948)
1911 - 1932                Vinayakrao Hariharrao
                             "Nana Sahib Patwardhan"          (b. 1877 - d. 1932)
1932 -  9 Jun 1938         Ganpatrao Madhavrao                (b. 1900 - d. 1942)
                             "Bapu Sahib Patwardhan"
Rajas
 9 Jun 1938 -  9 Nov 1942  Ganpatrao Madhavrao                (s.a.)
                             "Bapu Sahib Patwardhan"
1942 -  8 Mar 1948         Ganpatrao Trimbakrao
               (b. 1924 - d. 2004)
                             "Tatya Sahib Patwardhan"



Kurnool


15..                       Kurnool (Karnul) state established by a Pathan general.
.... - 1800                Under the suzerainty of Hyderabad.
1800                       British protectorate.
Dec 1839                   Annexed to British India (part of Madras; from 1 Oct 1953,
                             Andhra Pradesh).

Rulers (title Nawab)
1690 - ....                Daud Khan

.... - 1724                Ibrahim Khan
1724 - 1733                Alif Khan
1733 - 1751                Himayat Bahadur Khan
1751 - 1792                Munawwar Khan
1792 - 1815                Aluf Khan
1815                       Muzaffar Khan
1815 - 1823                Munawwar Khan
1823 - Dec 1839            Ghulam Rasul Khan                  (d. 1840)



Kurwai

[Kurwai flag c.1890
                        (India)]
Flag c.1890

[Kurwai flag
                          to 1948 (India)]
Flag to 28 May 1948
Capital: Kurwai Population: 29,541 (1941)
State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: None

1713                       Kurwai (Korwai) state founded.
1818                       British protectorate (then spelled Korwai).
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
28 May 1948                Merged into Madhya Bharat (from 1 Nov 1956, Madhya Pradesh).

Rulers (title Nawab)
1713 – 12 Oct 1722         Mohammad Diler Khan                (b. c.1670 - d. 1722)
12 Oct 1722 - 1762         Mohammad `Izzat Khan               (d. 1762)
1722 – 1727                Mohammad Ahsanullah Khan -Regent
1762 – 1792                Mohammed Hormat Khan               (d. 1792)
1792 - 1839                Akbar Mohammad Khan                (d. 1839)
1839 – 11 Aug 1858         Mohammad Mozaffar Khan             (d. 1858)
11 Aug 1858 – 15 Jan 1887  Mohammad Najaf Khan                (b. 1822 – d. 1887)
15 Jan 1887 – 10 Sep 1896  Monawar `Ali Khan                  (b. 1869 - d. 1896)
15 Jan 1887 – 1892         Mian Mazhar `Ali Khan -Regent
10 Sep 1896 -  1 Oct 1906  Mohammad Ya`qub `Ali Khan          (b. 1876 - d. 1906)
 1 Oct 1906 - 28 May 1948  Mohammad Sarwar `Ali Khan          (b. 1901 - d. 1986)
 1 Oct 1906 –  9 Apr 1923  Umar un-nisa Begum (f) -Regent     (d. 1963)
                             "Sarkar Amma"

Dewans (chief ministers)
 1 Apr 1934 - 193.         Haji Ahmaddin Khan   
c.1939                     Izzat Nishan Munshi Balmakund
c.1945                     Pirzada Amir Hasan


Kushalgarh

[Kushalgarh possible flag to 1948 (India)]

Capital: Kushalgarh
Population: 41,153 (1941)
State Forces: None (1939)
Salute: None

1670                       Kushalgarh estate (thikana) founded, under Banswara.
1868                       In direct relations with the British, only the tribute to
                             Banswara state remains.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
25 Mar 1948                Merged into Rajasthan (represented in merger by Banswara).

Rulers (title Rao)
18.. - 1891                Zorawar Singh                      (d. 1891)
1891 - 1916                Udai Singh                         (b. 1855 – d. 1916)
1916 - 1941                Ranjit Singh                       (b. 1882 – d. 1941)
1941 - 25 Mar 1948         Harindra Singh                     (b. 1924 – d. 1967)
c.1942                     Tajammul Husain -Manager (regent
)


Kutch: see Kachh



Kuthar

Capital: Kuthar
Population: 4,970 (1941)
State Forces: None (1939)
Salute: None

bf.1700                    Kuthar state founded.
1803 - 1815                Occupied by Nepal.
 4 Sep 1815                British protectorate.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
15 Apr 1948                Merged into Himachal Pradesh.

Rulers (title Rana)
1776 - 1791                Samar Chand                        (d. 1791)
1791 - 1803                Gopal Chand (1st time)             (d. 1824)
1803 - 1815                occupied by Nepal
1815 - 1824                Gopal Chand (2nd time)             (s.a.)
1824 - 1858                Bhup Chand                         (d. 1858)
27 Dec 1858 - 1895         Jai Chand                          (b. c.1845 - d. 1895)
1895 -  4 Oct 1923         Jagjit Chand                       (b. 1886 - d. 1930)
 4 Oct 1923 - 15 Apr 1948  Krishan Chand                      (b. 1905 - d. 1956)


Kutlehar

[Kutlehar state former flag
                (India)]

750 AD                     Kutlehar state founded according to tradition.
1805 - 1809                Occupied by Nepal.
1825                       Annexed to Pañjab (Punjab).

Rulers (title Rai Saheb Shri)
c.1730                     Yadu Pal
c.1750                     Dharam Pal

.... - ....                Gur Pal
1798 - 1825                Amrat Pal                          (d. 1832)


Lahaur (Lahore): see Pañjab


Lakhtar

Capital: Lakhtar Population: 26,780 (1941)
State Troops:
None (1939)

Salute: None

1604                       Lakhtar state founded.
1807                       Lakhtar and most of other Eastern Kathiawar states became the
                             British protectorates (by the Walker settlement of 1807/08).
1807/08 - 1948             Part of the Eastern Kathiawar semi-jurisdictional states

                             (see complete list of states and additional information here),
                             by 1820 their tribute to Baroda ended, unless regulated by the
                             British.

1927                       Almost full jurisdictional authority granted by the British.

 7 Dec 1943 - 15 Aug 1947  Attached (British jurisdictional authority granted) to
                             Dhrangadhra.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
15 Feb 1948                Merged into Saurashtra.
 1 Nov 1956                Part of Bombay (from 1 May 1960, Gujarat).

Rulers (title Thakur Sahib)
1696 - 1714                Gopalsinhji Sheshmalji 
1714 - 1741                Karansinhji I Gopalsinhji
1741 - 1769                Abherajji II Karansinhji 
1769 - 1798                Raydhanji Abherajji
1798                       Sangramji Raydhanji
1798 - 1803                Chandrasinhji Raydhanji
1803 - 1835                Prithirajji Chandrasinhji          (d. 1835)
1835 - 15 Jun 1846         Vajirajji II Prithirajji           (d. 1846)
15 Jun 1846 -  8 Aug 1924  Karansinhji II Vajirajji           (b. 1846 - d. 1924)
 8 Aug 1924 -  2 Jul 1940  Balvirsinhji Karansinhji           (b. 1881 - d. 1940)
 2 Jul 1940 - 15 Feb 1948  Indrasinhji Balvirsinhji           (b. 1907 - d. 1999)

Dewans (chief ministers)
 
1 Apt 1895 - 20 Oct 1913  Maganlal Tribhovandas Vakil        (d. 1913)
                             (chief karbhari)
21 Oct 1913 - c.May 1921   Nenshi Fulchand Sanghvi    
c.1936 - c.1946            R.P. Shukla


Las Bela: see Pakistani Princely States


Lathi

[Lathi to 1948 (India)]

Capital: Lathi Population: 10,812 (1941)
State Troops:
None (1939)

Salute: None

c.1260                     Lathi state founded.
1807/08 - 1948             Part of the Eastern Kathiawar semi-jurisdictional states
                             (see under Lakthar).
 7 Dec 1943 - 15 Aug 1947  Attached (British jurisdictional authority granted) to
                             Bhavnagar.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
15 Feb 1948                Merged into Saurashtra.
 1 Nov 1956                Part of Bombay (from 1 May 1960, Gujarat).

Rulers (title Thakur Sahib)
.... - ....                Jijibawa Sursinhji
.... - ....                Bhojrajji III Jijibawa
1750 - ....                Lakhaji III Jijibawa
.... - ....                Sursinhji II Lakhaji
.... - ....                Lunshahji Sursinhji
.... - ....                Jijibawa II Lunshahji
.... - ....                Lakhaji IV Jijibawa
c.1807                     Amarsinhji Lakhaji
18.. - 1878                Takhtsinhji Lakhaji                (b. 1843 - d. 1878)
 4 Nov 1878 - 1900         Sursinhji III Takhtsinhji          (b. 1875 - d. 1900)
10 Jun 1900 - 14 Oct 1918  Pratapsinhji Sursinhji             (b. 1891 - d. 1918)
10 Jun 1900 -  1 May 1911  the state managers -Regents
14 Oct 1918 - 15 Feb 1948  Prahladsinhji Pratapsinhji         (b. 1912 - d. 19..)

14 Oct 1918 - 19 Aug 1920  the state managers -Regents
19 Aug 1920 - 1921         Rani Saheb Ba Shri Gangaba
                             Saheb (f) -Regent

Karbharis (state managers)
1900 -  4 Mar 1904         Vakhatchand Umedchand
 5 Mar 1904 - 30 Sep 1907  Anopchand Jagjiwan Modi
 1 Oct 1907 - 18 Nov 1909  Shamshanker Jeyshanker
18 Nov 1909 -  1 May 1911  Anandrai Himatram Dave
16 Oct 1918 - 20 Nov 1918  Manilal K. Kaji (acting)
21 Nov 1918 - 20 Mar 1919  Meruji Dossaji Chudasama
 
2 Oct 1919 - 20 Feb 1920  K.S. Yirawala
21 Feb 1920 - 19 Aug 1920  K.S. Vajubha
bf.1939 - af.1944          Harischandrasinhji

c.1946                     Ramanlal K. Trivedi



Lawa

Capital: Lawa Population: 2,808 (1941)
State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: None

1772                       Lawa estate (thikana) founded, under Jaipur.
1817 - 1868                Part of Tonk state.
1868                       Estate entirely separated from Tonk and placed directly
                             under the British.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
30 Mar 1949                Merged into Rajasthan (represented in merger by Jaipur).

Rulers (title Thakur)
1865 - 1892                Dhirat Singh                       (d. 1892)
29 Jul 1892 - 1921         Mangal Singh                       (b. 1873 - d. 1921)
                             (from 1903, personal style Rao Bahadur Raja)
1921 - 1929                Raghubir Singh                     (d. 1929)
1929 - 30 Mar 1949         Bans Pardeep Singh                 (b. 1923)
1929 - c.1943              Managers (regents)
                           - Jumna Lal (c. 1937)           
                           - Bhonrilal M. Papne (c. 1942)



Limbdi

Capital: Limbdi Population: 44,024 (1941)
State Troops: 60 (1939)
Salute: 9 guns

c.1500                     Limbdi state founded.
1807                       British protectorate.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
15 Feb 1948                Merged into Saurashtra.
 1 Nov 1956                Part of Bombay (from 1 May 1960, Gujarat).

Rulers (title Thakur Sahib)
17.. - 17..                Askaranji III Verisalji 
17.. - 17..                Aderajji II Askaranji
17.. - 17..                Verisalji II Aderajji
17.. - 1786                Harbhanji I Verisalji              (d. 1786)
1786 - 1825                Harisinhji Harbhanj                (d. 1825)
1825 - 1837                Bhojraji Harisinhji                (d. 1837)
1837 -  8 Jan 1856         Harbhamji II Bhojraji              (d. 1856)
 8 Jan 1856 - 30 Jan 1862  Fatehsinhji Bhojraji               (d. 1862)
30 Jan 1862 - 15 Apr 1907  Jashwantsinhji Fatehsinhji         (b. 1859 - d. 1907)
                             (from 30 Jun 1887, Sir Jashwantsinhji Fatehsinhji)
30 Jan 1862 -  1 Aug 1877  Rani Shri Hariba Kunverba
                             Sahiba (f) -Regent
26 Apr 1907 - 30 Sep 1940  Daulatsinhji Jashwantsinhji        (b. 1868 - d. 1940)
                             (from 1 Jan 1921, Sir Daulatsinhji Jashwantsinhji)
30 Sep 1940 -  6 Jan 1941  Digvijaysinhji Daulatsinhji        (b. 1896 - d. 1941)
 6 Jan 1941 - 15 Feb 1948  Chhatarsalji Digvijaysinhji        (b. 1940)
 6 Jan 1941 - 15 Feb 1948  Regency
                           [first members of the Council of Administration]
                           - Fatehsinhji Daulatsinhji
                               (1st time)(1941-1942)          (b. 1900 - d. 19..)
                           - Motabhai S. Jayakar (1942)       (b. 1884 - d. 19..)
                           - John Patrick Nicholson           (b. 1888 - d. 19..)
                               (1942-1947)(president)
                           - Fatehsinhji Daulatsinhji         (s.a.)
                               (2nd time)(1947-1948)   

Dewans (chief ministers)
c.1904 - 1917              Jhaverbhai Nathabhai
1917 -  9 Oct 1918         Meghabhai Ratansinhji
 9 Oct 1918 - 1920/21      Anupchand Jagjiwan Mody
1920/21 - 11 Mar 1921      Amritlal Talakshi Mehta (acting)
12 Mar 1921 - 192.         Vrijlal Jivanbhai Kothari    
1924 - 1928                Fatehsinhji Daulatsinhji (1st time)(s.a.)
1937 - 1946                Fatehsinhji Daulatsinhji (2nd time)(s.a.)



Loharu

[Loharu (India) state flag
                to 1948 (India)]

Capital: Loharu Population: 27,892 (1941)
State Forces/Troops:
50 (1939)

Salute: 9 guns

1806                       Loharu state founded.
 
4 May 1806                British protectorate.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
23 Feb 1948                Merged into East Punjab (from 1 Nov 1956, Punjab).

Rulers (title Nawab)
1806 - Feb 1825            Ahmad Bakhsh Khan                  (b. 1765 - d. 1827)
Oct 1822 - Feb 1825        Mirza Shamsuddin Ahmad Khan-Regent (b. 1809 - d. 1835)
Feb 1825 -
27 Feb 1869     Aminuddin Ahmad Khan               (b. 1812 - d. 1869)
27 Feb 1869 - 31 Oct 1884  Allauddin Ahmad Khan               (b. 1833 - d. 1884)
31 Oct 1884 - Apr 1920     Amiruddin Ahmad Khan               (b. 1860 - d. 1937)
                             (from 22 Jun 1897, Sir Amiruddin Ahmad Khan)
1893 - Feb 1905            Sahibzada Mirza Aziz ud-din Ahmad  (b. 1862 - d. 19..)
                             Khan (acting for the absent Nawab)
20 Apr 1920 - 30 Oct 1926 
Aizuddin Ahmad Khan "Azam Mirza"   (b. 1885 - d. 1926)
30 Oct 1926 - 23 Feb 1948  Aminuddin Ahmad Khan               (b. 1911 - d. 1983)
30 Oct 1926 - 21 Nov 1931  Sir Amiruddin Ahmad Khan -Regent   (s.a.)

Dewan (chief minister)
c.1939                     Mirza Shamsuddin Ahmad Khan



Lugasi

Capital: Lugasi Population: 7,752 (1941)
State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: None

 7 Dec 1808                British recognize Lugasi estate (jagir) as state.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
 4 Apr 1948                Merged into Vindhya Pradesh (from 1 Nov 1956, Madhya Pradesh).

Rulers (title Diwan)
1808 - 1814                Dhiraj Singh                       (d. 1819)
1814 - 1859                Sardar Singh                       (d. 1860)
Rulers (title Rao Bahadur)
1859 – 1860                Sardar Singh                       (s.a.)
1860 - 1872                Hira Singh                         (d. 1872)
1872 - 1902                Khet Singh                         (b. 1856 - d. 1902)
1902 - 1917                Chhatrapati Singh                  (b. 1887 - d. 1917)
1917 -  4 Apr 1948         Bhupal Singh                       (b. 1916 - d. 19..)



Lunavada (Lunawada)

[Lunavada (Lunawada) to 1948
                (India)]

Capital: Lunavada
 (Lunawada)
Population: 105,318 (1941)
State Troops: 40 (1939)
Salute: 9 guns

1434                       Lunavada state founded.
1803                       British protectorate (effected in 1819).
1867 - 1880                British administration.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
10 Jun 1948                Merged into Bombay (from 1 May 1960, Gujarat).

Rulers (title Rana; from c.1840, Raja Maharana)
1674 - 1711                Bir Singh                          (d. 1711)
1711 - 1735                Nar Singh                          (d. 1735)
1735 - 1757                Wakhat Singh                       (d. 1757)
1757 - 1782                Dip Singh                          (d. 1782)
1782 - 1786                Durjan Singh                       (d. 1786)
1786                       Jagat Singh
1786 - 1817                Partab Singh
1817 - 1818                Shiv Singh
1818 - 1849                Fateh Singh                        (d. 1849)

1849 - 1851                Dalpat Singh                       (d. 1851)
1851 - 1852                interregnum
1852 - 18 Jun 1867         Dalil Singh                        (d. 1867) 

31 Oct 1867 - 27 Apr 1929  Wakhat Singh Dalil Singh           (b. 1861 - d. 1929)
                             (from 25 May 1889, Sir Wakhat Singh Dalil Singh)
31 Oct 1867 - 20 Aug 1880  the native superintendent -Regent
27 Apr 1929 - 10 Jun 1948  Virbhadra Singh Ranjit Singh       (b. 1910 - d. 1986)

Dewans (chief ministers)
21 Nov 1891 -  5 Nov 1905  Dolatram Kriparam
14 Nov 1905 - 17 Jan 1913  Hargovind Dwarkadas Kantawala
 8 Jan 1913 -  3 Apr 1915  Nasarvanji Bezonji
 3 Apr 1915 - 20 Jan 1917  Hiralal Maneklal Parikh
20 Jan 1917 - 22 Mar 1920  Gokaldas Vithaldas Saraiya
23 Mar 1920 - c.1921       Maneklal Sakerlal Desai
1929 - 1930                Framroze Barjorji Garda             (b. 1878 - d. ....)
                             (administrator)
1930 - Jan 1933?           Tribhovandas Jagiivandas Raja
                             (1st time)
Aug 1933 - Aug 1934?       Tribhovandas Jagiivandas Raja
                             (2nd time)
c.1934/35                  Maganlal L. Desai
1936 - af.1942             Jaikrishna Nagardas Varma
18 Mar 1944 - af.1946      Amritlal Popatlal  Shah             (b. 1906 - d. 19..)



Mahisur (Mysore)

[Mysore
                          c.1782 - 1799 Tipu Sultan's Flag (India)]
c.1782 - 1799 Tipu Sultan's Flag
[Mahisur
                          (Mysore) state c.1881 - 1950 (India)]
c.1881 - 25 Jan 1950
[Mahisur
                          (Mysore) Rulers flag c.1881 - 1950 (India)]
Rulers Flag c.1881 - 25 Jan 1950
Map of Mysore Population: 7,329,000 (1941)
Government of Mysore Act (13 Apr 1940) Salute: 21 guns
Capital: Bangalore
(to 1831 Mysore [Mahisur])
Anthem
"Kayo Shri Gowri"
(O Goddess Gowri)
Adopted 1831
Ethnic groups: Kannada 69%, Telugu 15%, Hindustani 6%, Tamil 5%, other 5% (1941) Religions: Hindu 91%,
Muslim 7%, other 2% (1941)
Currency: Indian Rupee (INR)
Exports: 123 million Indian
rupees (1938/39)
Imports: 130 million Indian
rupees (1938/39)
State Forces: 3,158 (1945)

bf.1350                    Mahisur (Mysore) state founded.
Jan 1786 -  4 May 1799     Tipu Sultan establishes Khuda-Dad (Khudadad) state, independent
                             of Mughal Empire, with himself as ruler, styled Padshah.
30 Jun 1799                Mahisur state restored as a British protectorate, confirmed
                             25 Mar 1881 (by treaty).

19 Oct 1831 - 25 Mar 1881  Administered by British India.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes conditionally to India.
28 Jun 1949                Accedes fully to India as Mysore state, effective 25 Jan 1950.
 1 Nov 1973                Part of Karnataka.

Maharajas
11 Feb 1673 - 16 Nov 1704  Chikka Devaraja Wodeyar            (b. 1645 - d. 1704)
16 Nov 1704 - 18 Feb 1714  Narasaraja II Wodeyar              (b. 1672 - d. 1714)
16 Nov 1704 - 18 Feb 1714  .... Kalale -Regents
18 Feb 1714 -  5 Mar 1732  Krishnaraja I Wodeyar              (b. 1702 - d. 1732)

19 Mar 1732 - 10 Jun 1734  Chamaraja VII Wodeyar              (b. 1704 - d. 1734)
1734 - 25 Apr 1766         Krishnaraja II Wodeyar             (b. 1728 - d. 1766)
1734 - 1746                Mahisura Delavoi Devarajaiya
                             Urs -Regent

25 Apr 1766 -  2 Aug 1770  Nanjaraja Wodeyar                  (b. 1748 - d. 1770)
 2 Aug 1770 - 16 Sep 1776  Chamaraja VIII Wodeyar             (b. 1759 - d. 1776)
 2 Aug 1770 - 16 Sep 1776  Hyder `Ali -Regent (1st time)      (b. 1721 - d. 1782)
27 Sep 1776 - Jan 1786     Chamaraja IX Wodeyar               (b. 1774 - d. 1796)
27 Sep 1776 -  7 Dec 1782  Hyder `Ali -Regent (2nd time)      (s.a.)
 7 Dec 1782 - Jan 1786     Tipu (
Tippoo) Sultan -Regent       (b. 1749 - d. 1799)
Ruler (titled Padshah)
Jan 1786 -  4 May 1799     Tipu Sultan                        (s.a.)
Maharajas
25 Jun 1799 - 27 Mar 1868  Mummadi Krishnaraja III Wodeyar    (b. 1794 - d. 1868)
                             (from 24 May 1867, Sir Krishnaraja III Wodeyar)
25 Jun 1799 - Feb 1810     Maharani Lakshmi Amman Devi       
(b. 1742 - d. 1810)
                             Avaru (f) -Regent

25 Jun 1799 - 23 Dec 1811  Dewan Krishnacharya Purnaiya-Regent(b. 1746 - d. 1812)
27 Mar 1868 - 28 Dec 1894  Jaina C
hamaraja X Wodeyar          (b. 1863 - d. 1894)
                             (from 23 May 1884, Sir Jaina Chamaraja X Wodeyar)
27 Mar 1868
- 22 Feb 1881  Maharani Devajammanni (f) -Regent  (b. 1804 - d. 1893)
28 Dec 1894 -  3 Aug 1940  Krishnaraja IV Wodeyar             (b. 1884 - d. 1940)

                             (from 1 Jan 1907, Sir Krishnaraja IV Wodeyar)
28 Dec 1894 -  8 Aug 1902  Maharani Vani Vilas                (b. 1866 - d. 1934)

                             Sannidhana (f) -Regent 
 3 Aug 1940 - 25 Jan 1950  Jayachamarajendra Wodeyar          (b. 1919 - d. 1974)
                             (from 1 Jan 1945, Sir
Jayachamarajendra Wodeyar)

Dewans (chief ministers)
1714 - 1724                Kalale Chaluvayya
1724 - 1746                Kalale Devarajayya
1746 - 1758                Nanjarajayya of Kalale
1758 - 1761                Khande Rao                         (d. 1762)
1761 - 1765                Venkatappa                         (d. 1765)    
1765 - 1779                Pradhana Venkappayya
1779 - 1787                Syed Mir Sadiq (1st time)          (d. 1799)
1787 - 17..                Mahdi Ali Khan Nayut
17.. - 1799                Syed Mir Sadiq (2nd time)          (s.a.)
1799 - 1811                Krishnacharya Purnaiya             (s.a.)
Apr 1811 - Jan 1812        Bargir Bakshi Balaji Rao
Feb 1812 - Oct 1817        Savar Bakshi Rama Rao
Nov 1817 - Apr 1818        Babu Rao (1st time)                (d. 1834)
May 1818 - Feb 1820        Siddharaj Urs
Mar 1820 - Aug 1821        Babu Rao (2nd time)                (s.a.)
Nov 1821 - Nov 1822        Lingaraj Urs
Dec 1822 - Nov 1825        Babu Rao (3rd time)                (s.a.)
Nov 1825 - May 1927        Vacant
May 1827 - Oct 1831        Venkata Urs
Oct 1831 - 14 May 1832     Venkataramanaiya
May 1832 - 19 Apr 1834     Babu Rao (4th time)                (s.a.)
1834 - 1838                Kollam Venkata Rao
Huzur Head Sherestedar

1838 - 1840                Surappaya                          (d. 1840)
Assistants to the Commissioners for the government of Mysore
1840 - 1844                Kollam Venkata Rao
1844 - 1858                Kola Krishnama Naidu
1858 - 1864                Kola Vijayarangam Naidu
1864 - 1866                Arunachala Mudaliar

Dewans (chief ministers)
1866 - 1881                the British commissioners
25 Mar 1881 - 20 Jan 1883  Cettipanyam Viravalli Rungacharlu 
(b. 1831 - d. 1883)
21 Jan 1883 - 18 Mar 1901  Kumarapuram Seshadri Iyer         
(b. 1845 - d. 1901)
                             (acting to 11 Feb 1883)
                            
(from 2 Jan 1893, Sir Kumarapuram Seshadri Iyer)
11 Aug 1900 - 18 Mar 1901  T.R.A. Thambuchetty                (b. 1837 - d. 1907)
                             (
= Trichinopoly Rayalu Arakiaswamy Thumboo Chetty)
                             (acting for Iyer)
18 Mar 1901 - 30 Jun 1906  Purniah Narasinga Rao Krishnamurti (b. 1849 - d. 1911)
                            
(from 1 Jan 1903, Sir Purniah Narasinga Rao Krishnamurti)
30 Jun 1906 - 31 Mar 1909  Vishwanath Patankar Madhava Rao    (b. 1850 - d. 1934)
 1 Apr 1909 - 1912         Tanjore Ananda Rao                 (b. 1852 - d. 1919)
10 Nov 1912 - 1918         Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya          (b. 1861 - d. 1962)
                            
(from 1915, Sir Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya)
10 Dec 1918 - 1922         M. Kantharaj Urs
                  (b. 1870 - d. 1922)
 6 Mar 1922 - 1926         Sir Albion Rajkumar Banerjee       (b. 1871 - d. 1950)
 1 May 1926 -  1 Jun 1941  Sir Mirza Muhammad Ismail          (b. 1883 – d. 1959)
 1 Jun 1941 -  6 Aug 1946  Sir Nyapathi Madhava Rao           (b. 1887 - d. 1972)

 6 Aug 1946 - 25 Oct 1947  Sir Arcot Ramaswami Mudaliar       (b. 1887 - d. 1976)
Prime minister
25 Oct 1947 - 25 Jan 1950  Kysasambally Chengalaraya Reddy    (b. 1902 - d. 1976)  INC

British Residents in Mysore
22 Jul 1799 - Mar 1801     Sir Barry Close                    (b. 1756 - d. 1813)
31 Mar 1801 -  1 Feb 1803  Josiah M.C.S. Webbe (1st time)     (b. 1768 - d. 1804)
 1 Feb 1803 - 23 Oct 1803  John Chamier (acting)
23 Oct 1803 -  1 Feb 1804  Josiah M.C.S. Webbe (2nd time)     (s.a.)
Apr 1804 - 1808            Mark Wilks                         (b. 1760? - d. 1831)
Nov 1804 - Mar 1805        Sir John Malcolm (1st time)        (b. 1769 - d. 1833)
                             (acting for Wilks)
Apr 1807 - Feb 1808        Sir John Malcolm (2nd time)        (s.a.)
                             (acting for Wilks)
29 Feb 1808 - 1825         Arthur Henry Cole (acting to 1809) (b. 1780 - d. 1844)
1825 - 1833                James Archibald Casamajor          (b. 1784 - d. 1863)
                             (acting to 1827)
1833 - 1834                Henry Sullivan Graeme (acting)     (b. 1781 - d. 1850)
May 1834 - Oct 1834        Mark Cubbon                        (b. 1784 - d. 1861)
Oct 1834 - Jan 1836        James Stuart Fraser                (b. 1783 - d. 1869)
19 Jan 1836 - 31 Dec 1842  John Day Stokes                    (b. 1802 - d. 1862)
Commissioners of Mysore Commission (and from 24 Feb 1869 Chief Commissioners of Coorg)
19 Oct 1831 - Jun 1834     Board of Commissioners
                           - John Briggs                      (b. 1785 - d. 1875)
                              (senior commissioner to 6 Feb 1833)   
                           - Charles May Lushington           (b. 1784 - d. 1844)    
                              (19 Oct 1831 - 18 Feb 1832)
                           - George Dominico Drury            (b. 1793 - d. 1870)
                              (18 Feb - 16 Jun 1832)
                           - John M. Macleod                  (b. 1792 - d. 1881)
                              (16 Jun 1832 - 17 Feb 1834)
                           - William Morison                  (b. 1785 - d. 1867)
                              (senior commissioner from 6 Feb 1833
                           - Mark Cubbon (from 17 Feb 1834)   (s.a.) 
 
3 Mar 1834 - 18 Jan 1836  James Stuart Fraser                (s.a.)
18 Jan 1836 -  1 Mar 1861  Mark Cubbon                        (s.a.)
                             (from 26 May 1856, Sir Mark Cubbon) 
 
1 Mar 1861 - 21 Apr 1862  Charles Burslem Saunders (1st time)(b. 1821 - d. 1888)
21 Apr 1862 - 10 Sep 1866  Lewin Bentham Bowring (1st time)   (b. 1824 - d. 1910)

10 Sep 1866 - 11 Nov 1867  Charles Burslem Saunders (2nd time)(s.a.)
11 Nov 1867 - 21 Feb 1870  Lewin Bentham Bowring (2nd time)   (s.a.)
21 Feb 1870 -  5 Jun 1876  Richard John Meade                 (b. 1821 - d. 1904)

                            
(from 30 May 1874, Sir Richard John Meade)
 5 Jun 1876 -  1 Apr 1878  Charles Burslem Saunders (2nd time)(s.a.)

 1 Apr 1878 - 25 Mar 1881  James Davidson Gordon              (b. 1835 - d. 1889)
Residents in Mysore (also Chief Commissioners of Coorg until 1 Jul 1940)
(as of 1947, in charge of Banganapalle, Mysore and Sandur states)

25 Mar 1881 -  1 May 1882  James Davidson Gordon (1st time)   (s.a.)
                             (from 24 May 1881, Sir James Davidson Gordon)
 
1 May 1882 –  4 Dec 1882  John Douglas Sandford (acting)     (b. 1833 – d. 1892)
 4 Dec 1882 -  8 Jun 1883  Sir James Davidson Gordon          (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
 8 Jun 1883 – 17 Dec 1884  Sir James Broadwood Lyall          (b. 1838 - d. 1916)
                             (1st time)(acting to 7 Dec 1883)
17 Dec 1884 -  2 Mar 1885  Tredway George Clarke (acting)     (b. 1835 – d. 1924)
 2 Mar 1885 -  2 Jun 1885  Arthur Henry Temple Martindale     (b. 1854 - d. 1942)
                             (acting)
 2 Jun 1885 – May 1886     Charles Edward Ridgway Girdlestone (b. 1839 - d. 1889)
                             (acting)
May 1886 - 20 Mar 1887     Sir James Broadwood Lyall          (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)      
20 Mar 1887 – 10 Oct 1887  Sir Dennis Fitzpatrick  (acting)   (b. 1827 - d. 1920)
10 Oct 1887 - 15 Jan 1889  Sir Harry North Dalrymple          (b. 1834 - d. 1913)
                             Prendergast (1st time) (acting)
15 Jan 1889 -  1 Jun 1891  Sir Oliver Beauchamp Coventry      (b. 1837 - d. 1891)
                             St. John
 1 Jun 1891 - 16 Apr 1892  Sir Harry North Dalrymple          (s.a.)
                             Prendergast (2nd time)(acting)
16 Apr 1892 - 12 Jul 1892  Philip Durham Henderson (1st time) (b. 1840 - d. 1918)
12 Jul 1892 – 13 Oct 1892  Henry Phipson Peacock (acting)     (b. 1838 - d. 1906)
13 Oct 1892 - 20 Feb 1895  Philip Durham Henderson (2nd time) (s.a.)
20 Feb 1895 - 18 Sep 1895  Sir William Lee-Warner             (b. 1846 - d. 1912)
18 Sep 1895 -  7 Dec 1896  William Mackworth Young            (b. 1840 - d. 1924)
 7 Dec 1896 - 28 Jun 1899  Sir Donald Robertson (1st time)    (b. 1847 - d. 1930)
                             (acting to 10 Feb 1897)
28 Jun 1899 – 26 Nov 1899  James Adair Crawford (1st time)    (b. 1857 - d. 1936)
                             (acting)
26 Nov 1899 - 29 May 1901  Sir Donald Robertson (2nd time)    (s.a.)
29 May 1901 –  5 Dec 1901  James Adair Crawford (2nd time)    (s.a.)
                             (acting)
 5 Dec 1901 -  5 Nov 1903  Sir Donald Robertson (3rd time)    (s.a.)
 5 Nov 1903 - 22 Nov 1905  James Austin Bourdillon            (b. 1848 - d. 1913)
                            
(from 1 Jan 1904, Sir James Austin Bourdillon)
22 May 1905 – 22 Nov 1905  Albert Williams
                             (acting for
Bourdillon)
22 Nov 1905 - 26 Aug 1910  Sir Stuart Mitford Fraser          (b. 1864 - d. 1963)

15 Mar 1907 – 25 Nov 1907  Albert Williams (acting for Fraser)
26 Aug 1910 -  7 Apr 1916  Sir Hugh Daly                      (b. 1860 - d. 1939)

 7 Apr 1916 -  8 Mar 1920  Henry Venn Cobb                    (b. 1864 - d. 1949)
 8 Mar 1920 - 29 Jun 1925  Sir William Pell Barton            (b. 1871 - d. 1956)
18 Feb 1921 - 18 Oct 1921  Stuart George Knox                 (b. 1869 - d. 1956)
                             (acting for Barton)
24 Feb 1924 – 14 Mar 1924  Alexander Norman Ley Cater         (b. 1880 - d. 1957)
                             (acting for Barton)
15 Mar 1924 – 31 Aug 1924  Charles Cunningham Watson          (b. 1874 - d. 1934)
                             (acting for Barton)
29 Jun 1925 - 22 Jun 1930  Sir Steuart Edmund Pears           (b. 1875 - d. 1931)

23 Jun 1930 -  5 May 1933  Richard John Charles Burke         (b. 1878 - d. 1960)
 
6 May 1930 - 22 Jun 1930  Percy Gordon Loch                  (b. 1887 - d. 1953)
                             (acting for Burke)

 5 May 1933 -  9 Dec 1937  Charles Terence Chichele Plowden   (b. 1883 - d. 1956)
 
7 Nov 1935 – 13 May 1936  Leonard Glyde Lavington Evans      (b. 1888 - d. 1976)
                             (acting for Plowden)
14 May 1936 – 29 May 1936  Cosmo Grant Niven Edwards          (b. 1896 - d. 1964)
                             (acting for Plowden)
 9 Dec 1937 - 26 Nov 1941  John de la Hay Gordon              (b. 1887 - d. 1959)

26 Nov 1941 - 1944         Sir Denholm de Montalt Stuart      (b. 1889 - d. 1956)
                             Fraser

 
5 Oct 1944 - 1946         Sir Philip Gaisford                (b. 1891 - d. 1973)
1946 - 1947                Sir Walter Fendall Campbell        (b. 1894 - d. 1973)



Mahlog (Mahilog)

Capital: Patta Population: 8,631 (1941)
State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: None

bf.1600                    Mahlog (Mahilog) state founded.
.... - 18..                Subject to Bilaspur.
1803 - 1815                Occupied by Nepal.
 
4 Sep 1815                British protectorate.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
15 Apr 1948                Merged into Himachal Pradesh.

Rulers (title Thakur)
.... - ....                Uttam Chand
.... - ....                Ajit Chand
.... - ....                ....
.... - 1801                Nahar Chand                         (d. 1801)

1801 - 1803                Sansar Chand (1st time)             (d. 1849)
1803 - 1815                occupied by Nepal
1815 - 1849                Sansar Chand (2nd time)             (s.a.)
1849 - 1880                Dhalip Chand                        (b. 1829 - d. 1880)
16 May 1880 - 16 Sep 1902  Raghunath Chand                     (b. 1861/66 - d. 1902)
                             (from 1898, personal style Rana)
16 Sep 1902 - 16 Dec 1934  Durga Chand                         (b. 1898 - d. 1934)
16 Sep 1902 - Jan 1908     Mansa Ram -Regent                   (d. 1908)
                             (president of the council)
Jan 1908 - 1920            Chaudhri Baldeo Singh -Regent (manager)
16 Dec 1934 - 15 Apr 1948  Narendra Chand                      (b. 1921 - d. 2011)

16 Dec 1934 - Feb 1942     M. Amin Chand -Manager (regent)


Maratha (Mahratta): see Satara

Maihar

Capital: Maihar Population: 79,558 (1941)
State Troops: 10 (1939)
Salute: 9 guns

1778                       Maihar state founded.
1788 - 1790                Occupied by Banda.
18 Nov 1806                British protectorate.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
 4 Apr 1948                Merged into Vindhya Pradesh (from 1 Nov 1956, Madhya Pradesh).

Rulers (title Thakur)
1778 - 1788                Beni Singh                         (b. 1719 - d. 1788)
1788 - 1790                Rajdhar Singh                      (b. c.1765 - d. 1790)
1790 - 1825                Durjan Singh                       (b. 1766 - d. 1825)
1826 - 1850                Bishan Singh                       (b. 1797 - d. 1850)
1850 - 1852                Mohan Prasad                       (b. 1816 - d. 1852)
1852 - 1869                Raghubir Singh                     (b. 1843 - d. 1908)
1852 - 1865                .... -Regent
Rajas

1869 - 1908                Raghubir Singh                     (s.a.)
Mar 1908 -  7 Jan 1910     Jagubir Singh                      (b. 1864 - d. 1910)
 7 Jan 1910 - 15 Dec 1911  Randhir Singh                      (b. 1865 - d. 1911)
16 Dec 1911 -  4 Apr 1948 
Brijnath Singh                     (b. 1896 - d. 1968)
                             (from 3 Jun 1935, Sir
Brijnath Singh)
16 Dec 1911 - 1917         .... -Regent

Dewans (chief ministers)
1865 - 1899                Babu Dina Nath Ghose
1899 - c.1922              Hiralal Ganeshji Anjaria           (b. 1876 - d. 19..)
22 Nov 1922 - 1939         Nagendra Nath Majumdar             (b. 1887 - d. 1967)



Makrai

[Makrai state to 1948
                (India)]

Capital: Makrai Population: 14,357 (1941)
State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: None

1663                       Makrai state founded
1844                       British protectorate.
1853                       Annexed to British India as part of Nagpur as an estate.
 
7 Jun 1866                Status of state conferred by British authorities.
Dec 1890 - 1893            British administration.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
 1 Feb 1948                Merged into Central Provinces (from 26 Jan 1950, Madhya Pradesh).

Rajas (title from 1899, Raja Hathiya Rai)
1663 - ....                Makrand Shah
.... - ....                ....
.... - 1749                Fateh Shah
1749 - 17..                Birj Kune (f) -Rani
17.. - 1765                Dhar Shah
1765 - 17..                Bharat Shah
.... - ....                Udai Shah
.... - ....                ....
.... - 1832                ....
1832 -  5 Dec 1866         Devi Shah  
 5 Dec 1866 - Dec 1890     Lachhu Shah (1st time)             (b. 1846 - d. 1920)
Dec 1890 - 1893            British administration
1893 - 1911                Lachhu Shah (2nd time)             (s.a.)
1911 - 30 Oct 1918         Chhatrasal Shah                    (b. 1876 - d. 1918)
30 Oct 1918 - 17 Apr 1929  Drigpal Shah                       (b. 1904 - d. 1929)
30 Oct 1918 - 1925         Rani Bhup Kunwar (f) -Regent
17 Apr 1929 -  1 Feb 1948  Todar Shah                         (b. 1908 - d. 1987)


Makran: see Pakistani Princely States


Maler Kotla (Malerkotla)

Capital: Maler Kotla
(Malerkotla)
Population: 88,109 (1941)
State Forces/Troops:
230 (1939)

Salute: 11 guns

1468                       Predecessor state founded as an estate (jagir).
1657                       Maler Kotla state founded.
 3 May 1809                British protectorate.
17 Apr 1885 - 23 Aug 1908  Under British India administration.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.

15 Jul 1948                Merged into Patiala and Eastern Punjab States Union
                             (from 1 Nov 1956, Punjab state).

Rulers (title Nawab)
1672 - 1712                Sher Muhammad Khan Bahadur         (b. 1640 - d. 1712)
1712 - 1717                Ghulam Husain Khan                 (d. 1734)
1717 - 1762                Jamal Khan                         (d. 1762)
1762 - 1763/64             Bhikan Khan                        (d. 1763/64)
1764 - 1766                Khan Sahib Khan Bahadur Khan       (d. 1766)
                             (regent 1762-1764)
1766 -  1 Nov 1780         Khan Sahib Umar Khan               (d. 1780)
 1 Nov 1780 - Apr 1784     Khan Sahib Asadullah Khan          (d. 1784)
Apr 1784 - 14 Aug 1809     Khan Ataullah Khan                 (d. 1809)
14 Aug 1809 -  4 Sep 1821  Muhammad Wazir `Ali Khan           (b. 1757 - d. 1821)
 4 Sep 1821 -  8 Apr 1846  Amir `Ali Khan Bahadur             (d. 1846)
 8 Apr 1846 - 25 Nov 1857  Mahbub `Ali Khan Bahadur           (d. 1857)
                             "Sube Khan" 
25 Nov 1857 - 16 Jul 1871  Eskandar `Ali Khan Bahadur         (d. 1871)
16 Jul 1871 - 23 Aug 1908  Mohammad Ebrahim `Ali Khan         (b. 1857 - d. 1908)
16 Jul 1871 - 1875         .... -Regent (superintendent)
17 Apr 1885 - 13 Sep 1886  Kazi Ahmad Shah (superintendent)
19 Feb 1887 - 17 Aug 1889  G.E. Wakefield
                             (superintendent)
18 Aug 1889 -  1 Jan 1893 
Mirza Agha Muhammad Khan           (d. 1893)
                             (superintendent)
 
1 May 1893
- Jan 1905     Sir Amiruddin Ahmad Khan, Nawab    (b. 1860 - d. 1937)
                             of Loharu (superintendent)
23 Aug 1908 - 16 Oct 1947  Ahmad `Ali Khan Shirwani           (b. 1881 - d. 1947)

                             (from 3 Jun 1915, Sir Ahmad `Ali Khan Shirwani)
                             (Regent 1 Feb 1905 - 23 Aug 1908)
16 Oct 1947 - 15 Jul 1948  Mohammad Iftikhar `Ali Khan        (b. 1904 - d. 1982)

Chief ministers
c.1930                     Syed Mohammad Hassan (acting)
bf.1939 - af.1941          Mir Jamil Ahmad
1946 - 1947                Mohammad Iftikhar
`Ali Khan        (s.a.)



Malia (Maliya)

[Malia (Maliya) princely
                  state to 1948 (India)]

Capital: Malia (Maliya) Population: 10,788 (1941)
State Troops:
None (1939)

Salute: None

1697                       Malia (Maliya) state formed.
1807/08 - 1948             Part of the Western Kathiawar semi-jurisdictional states
                             (see under Jasdan).
 7 Dec 1943 - 15 Aug 1947  Attached (the British jurisdictional authority granted) to    
                             Morvi.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
15 Feb 1948                Merged into Saurashtra.
 1 Nov 1956                Part of Bombay (from 1 May 1960, Gujarat).

Rulers (title Thakore Saheb)
.... - 1802                Vibhaji Nathaji
1802 - 1810                Dosaji Vibhaji
1810 - 18..                Sataji Dosaji
18.. - 1875                Mulvaji Sataji
23 Jun 1875 - 19 Oct 1907  Modji Mulvaji                       (b. 1846 - d. 1907)
20 Oct 1907 - 1930         Raisinhji Modji                     (b. 1868 - d. 19..)
1930 - 1939                Harishchandrasinhji Gumansinhji     (b. 1910 - d. 19..)
1939 - 15 Feb 1948         Bhupendrasinhji Harishchandrasinhji (b. 1929 - d. af.1970)
c.1940                     J.M. Shah -Manager (regent)



Malpur

[Malpur state to 1948
                (India)]

Capital: Malpur Population: 16,568 (1941)
State Troops:
None (1939)

Salute: None

1466                       Malpur state founded.
1811                       Malpur and most of other Mahi Kantha states became the British
                             protectorates (by the Mahi Kantha settlement of 1811/12), by
                             1820 their tribute to Baroda ended, unless regulated by the
                             British.
1811/12
- 1948             Part of the Sabar Kantha (to 1933, Mahi Kantha) semi-
                             jurisdictional states (see complete list of states and additional
                             information here), as of
                             1947 the precedence among the Mahi Kantha states was held by
                             Malpur.
 7 Dec 1943 - 15 Aug 1947  Attached (British jurisdictional authority granted)
                             to Baroda.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
10 Jun 1948                Merged into Bombay (from 1 May 1960, state of Gujarat).

Rulers (title Raol)
.... - ....                Anopsinhji Jetsinhji
.... - ....                Bhimsinhji Anopsinhji 
1780 - 1796                Indrasinhji
1796                       Jamalsinhji                        (d. 1796)
1796 - 1816                Takhtsinhji Jamalsinhji
1816 - 1822                Shivsinhji I
1822 - 1843                .... -Manager
1843 - 18..                Dipsinhji I                        (b. 1822 - d. 18..)
1875 - 1882                Shivsinhji II Khumansinhji         (b. 1841 - d. 1882)
24 Apr 1882 - 25 Feb 1914  Dipsinhji II Shivsinhji            (b. 1862 - d. 1914)
1914 - 1923                Jaswatsinhji Dipsinhji             (b. 1886 - d. 1923)
23 Jun 1923 - 10 Jun 1948  Gambhirsinhji Himmatsinhji         (b. 1914 - d. 1969)
23 Jun 1923 - 1935         .... -Manager

Dewan (chief minister)
c.1930                     B.C. Gasper (acting)
c.1939                     Keshavlal O. Joshi

British Political Agents for Sabar Kantha (in Sadra, Vasna state; as of 1943, in charge
of the Sabar Kantha semi-jurisdictional and non-jurisdictional states; under the
Resident for Western India States)
Apr 1933 – May 1933        George Patterson Murphy            (b. 1883 - d. 1938)
May 1933 – Dec 1933        Herbert Milner Wightwick           (b. 1885 - d. 1942)
Dec 1933 – Mar 1935        Geoffrey Baynton Williams          (b. 1896 - d. 1981)
                             (1st time)
Mar 1935 – Apr 1936        Edward Walter Fletcher             (b. 1899 – d. 19..)
Apr 1936 – Aug 1936        Claude Edward Bremner (1st time)   (b. 1891 - d. 1965)
Aug 1936 – Dec 1936        Sunderlal N. Desai (acting)
Dec 1936 – Jan 1937        Claude Edward Bremner (2nd time)   (s.a.)
Feb 1937 – Sep 1937        Edward Birkbeck Wakefield (acting) (b. 1903 - d. 1969)
Sep 1937 – Oct 1937        Oliver Charles Beauchamp St. John  (b. 1907 – d. 1976)
Oct 1937 – Oct 1938        Daniel Richard Smith               (b. 1897 – d. 19..)
Oct 1938 – Nov 1941        Lovell William Wooldridge          (b. 1901 - d. 1983)
Nov 1941 – Jan 1942        Geoffrey Baynton Williams          (s.a.)
                             (2nd time) (acting)
Jan 1942 - Mar 1942        Alfred Norval Mitchell             (b. 1906 - d. 1988)
Mar 1942 - Jul 1943        Vere William Digby Willoughby      (b. 1901 - d. 19..)



Manavadar (Bantva-Manavadar)

[Manavadar
                (Bantva-Manavadar) to 1949 (India)]

Capital: Manavadar Population: 26,209 (1941)
State Troops:
None (1939)

Salute: None

1733                       Bantva-Manavadar estate (jagir) created.
bf.1800                    Manavadar state founded.
1807/08 - 1948             Part of the Western Kathiawar semi-jurisdictional states
                             (see under Jasdan).
1935                       Almost full jurisdictional authority granted by the British.
 7 Dec 1943 - 15 Aug 1947  Attached (British jurisdictional authority granted) to Junagadh.
14 Sep 1947                Accedes to Pakistan.
22 Oct 1947                India takes over administration.
24 Feb 1948                Referendum approves accession to India.
25 Feb 1948                Accession to India in effect.
20 Feb 1949                Annexed by India to Saurashtra.
 1 Nov 1956                Part of Bombay (from 1 May 1960, Gujarat).

Rulers (title Khan)
1733 - c.1760              Diler Khan Salabat Khan            (d. c.1760)
c.1760 - ....              Sadar Nathu Khan Diler Khan 
17.. - af.1821             Ghazafar Khan Nathu Khan
c.1877                     Kamal ad-Din Khan Ghazafar Khan    (b. 1812 - d. 18..)
18.. - 12 Jun 1882         Zorawar Khan Kamal ad-Din Khan     (d. 1882)
12 Jun 1882 - 28 Mar 1888  Ghazafar Khan Zorawar Khan         (b. 1862 - d. 1888)
12 Jun 1882 - 21 Jun 1883  .... -Regent
28 Mar 1888 - 19 Oct 1918  Fath ad-Din Khan Ghazafar Khan     (b. 1885 - d. 1918)
28 Mar 1888 - c.1904       .... -Regent
c.1904 - 25 Nov 1907       Maneklal Gokuldas -
Regent (manager)
19 Oct 1918 - 14 Nov 1947  Mo`in ad-Din Gholam Khan           (b. 1911 - d. 2003)
                             (Indian prisoner from 22 Oct 1947)
19 Oct 1918 - 21 Nov 1931  Fatima Siddiqa Begum (f) -Regent   (b. 1891 - d. 1943)
Indian Administrator
14 Nov 1947 - 20 Feb 1949  the Administrator of Junagadh

Karbharis (state managers)
25 Nov 1907 -  6 Nov 1914  Maganlal Sundarji
 6 Nov 1914 - 15 Nov 1914  Tribhovan Mulshanker Trivedi
                             (1st time)
15 Nov 1915 - af.Apr 1920  Tribhovan Mulshanker Trivedi
                             (2nd time)
Dewan
(chief minister)
bf.1944 - af.1946          Narendrarai D. Buch



Mandi

[Mandi flag to 1948
                      (India)]
to 1 May 1948

[Mandi State
                          flag to 1948 (India)]
State Flag to 1 May 1948
Capital: Mandi Population: 232,593 (1941)
State Forces/Troops:
 190 (1939)

Salute: 11 guns

c.1290                    
Rana of Banglaor succeeds to Siokot state.
1527                       New capital Mandi founded; state takes name from capital.
1809 - 1846                Tributary to Punjab.
1846                       British protectorate.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
 1 May 1948                Merged into Himachal Pradesh (after founding of the province).

Rajas
1684 - 1727                Sidhi Sen                          (b. c.1627 - d. 1727)
1719? - 1722               Shiv Jawala Sen -co-ruler          (d. 1722)
1727 - 1781                Shamsher Sen                       (b. 1722 - d. 1781)

1727 - c.1740              Mian Jappu Singh -Regent           (d. c.1740)
1781 - 1788                Surma Sen                          (d. 1788)

1788 - 1826                Ishwari Sen                        (b. 1776 - d. 1826)
                            
(captive at Kangra 1792-1804)
1788 - 1792                Bairagi Ram -Regent
1826 - Jun 1839            Zalim Sen                          (d. 1839)

1839 - 26 Jan 1851         Balbir Sen                         (b. c.1817 - d. 1851)
26 Jan 1851 - 10 Dec 1902  Bijai Sen                          (b. 1846 - d. 1902)
                            
(from 1884, Sir Bijai Sen)
26 Jan 1851 - 12 Oct 1866  Wazir Gosáon -Regent               (d. 1870)
1866 - Jun 1870            Clark -Councillor 
1870 - 1872                E. Harrison -Councillor 
1889 - Mar 1890            Herbert John Maynard -Councillor
10 Dec 1902
-  9 Feb 1912  Bhawani Sen                        (b. 1883 - d. 1912)
10 Dec 1902 - Oct 1905     Thomas Millar -Superintendent
 
9 Feb 1912 - 28 Apr 1913  Vacant
 9 Feb 1912 - 28 Apr 1913  Alan Lachlan Gordon Walker (acting)(b. 1883 - d. 1934)
                             (ad-interim)
28 Apr 1913
-  1 May 1948  Jogindar Sen                       (b. 1904 - d. 1986)
                            
(from 1 Jan 1931, Sir Jogindar Sen)

Superintendents (regents)

1901 - 1909                Padha Jiwa Nand
1909 - 1913                Amar Singh (acting to 1912)
29 Apr 1913 - 11 Feb 1915  Alan Lachlan Gordon Walker         (s.a.)
Dec 1913 – Feb 1914        Claude Francis Strickland          (b. 1881 - d. 1962)
                             (acting for Walker)

Feb 1915 - Sep? 1915       Herbert William Emerson
Sep 1915 - Apr 1917        Hugh Fyson

Jun 1917 - 25 May 1920     J.R.S. Parsons
26 May 1920 - 1924         Pandit Maharaj Kishan
 9 Jul 1924 - 1925         Sardar Dina Nath
                             (then chief secretary to c.1933)

Wazirs (chief ministers)
18.. - 1839                Dhari Khatri                       (d. 1839)
1839 - Feb 1870            Gosáon (Gosain)                    (s.a.)
1872 - 1875                Mian Pardhan Singh                 (d. 1875)
1875 - 1878                Mian Uttam Singh (1st time)        (d. 1889)
1878 - 1880                Mian Man Singh
                             (from 1879, chair state council)
1880 - Oct 1888            Mian Uttam Singh (2nd time)        (s.a.)
Oct 1888 - 1889            Jawahir Lal
1889 - 1893                Sardar Jawala (or Joalla) Singh
1893 - 1901                Udham Singh
1907 - 1909                Padha Jiwa
1909 - 1913                Amar Singh (acting to 1912)
Chief ministers

1933 - 1939                Sardar D.K. Sen                    (b. 1897 - d. 19..)
1939 - af.1946             Kanwar Shiv Pal                    (b. 1901 - d. 19..)
c.1947                     Yashodar Singh                     (b. 1923 - d. 1980)



Mangal

Capital: Mangal Population: 1,325 (1941)
State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: None

13..                       Mangal state founded.
1803 - 1815                Occupied by Nepal.
20 Dec 1815                British protectorate.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
15 Apr 1948                Merged into Himachal Pradesh.

Rulers (title Rana)
.... - ....                Amar Singh
.... - ....                Karam Singh
.... - ....                Bahadur Singh

1803 - 1815                occupied by Nepal
1815 - 1844                Prithvi Singh                      (d. 1844)
1844                       Jodha Singh                        (d. 1844)
 9 Nov 1844 - 1892         Jit Singh                          (b. 1830 - d. 1892)
1892 - 1920                Tilak Singh                        (b. 1859 - d. 1920)
1920 - 15 Apr 1948         Sheo Singh                         (b. 1888 - d. 1953)



Manipur
 
[Manipur State
                          flag to 1907 (India)]
bf.1891 - 1907
[Manipur State
                          flag 1907-1949 (India)]
1907 - 15 Oct 1949
Map of Manipur Capital: Imphal
 (Bishenpur 1775-1796)
)
Population: 512,100 (1941) State Troops:
230 (1939,
paramilitary)(State
 Military Police)
Constitution Act
Adopted 1 Jul 1947
Salute: 11 guns

35 AD                      Manipur state founded according to tradition.
1819 - 12 Jun 1825         Occupied by Burma.
24 Feb 1826                Ceded by Burma to the British by Treaty of Yandabo.
1835                       British political agency established.

1851                       Manipur declared a British protected state.
27 Apr 1891                British capture Kangla palace.
15 May 1907                Manipuri language announced as official language of Manipur.
Mar 1944 - Jul 1944        Part of eastern Manipur and the Naga Hills district
occupied by
                             Japan and Free India forces
(Ukhrul occupied 19 Mar - 4 Jul 1944
                             and Moirang 14 Apr - 18 Jul 1944)
(see Assam under British India
                             provinces)
.

15 Aug 1947                End of British paramountcy, India becomes independent. Manipur
                             accedes to India.
15 Oct 1949                Merged into India (signed 21 Sep 1949), as Manipur province.

Rajas
1697 - 1709                Pitambar Charairongha              (b. 1673 - d. 1709)
28 Aug 1709 - 1747         Gharib Nawaz (= Pamheiba)          (b. 1690 - d. 1747) 
1747 - 1751                Chitsai (Ugat Shah)(usurper)
1751 - 1752                Bharat Shah (= Bhorotsai)          (d. 1752)
1752 - 1758               
Gauri Sham (= Maramba) (1st time)  (d. 1763)
1758 - 1761                Jai Singh (1st time)               (b. 1748 - d. 1798)
                            
(= Bhagy Chandra)(co-ruler 1752-1758)
1761 - 1763                Gauri Sham (= Maramba) (2nd time)  (s.a.)
1763 -  5 Feb 1798         Jai Singh (2nd time)               (s.a.)
 5 Feb 1798 - 1801         Harshachandra Singh                (d. 1801)
                             (= Rohinchandra) 
1801 - 1806                Maduchandra
Singh                  (d. 1806)
1806 - 1812                Chaurajit Singh (= Chourjit Singh) (d. 1812)
1812 - 1819                Marjit Singh                       (d. 1824)
1819 - 1823                Shubol (under Burma)
1823 - 1825                Pitambara Singh (under Burma)
12 Jun 1825 -  9 Jan 1834  Gambhir (Ganavira) Singh           (b. 1788 - d. 1834)
                            
(= Chinglen Nongdrenkhomba)
 9 Jan 1834 - 21 Jan 1844  Chandrakirti Singh (1st time)      (b. 1831 - d. 1886)
1834 -  8 Feb 1844        
Nara Singh -Regent                 (b. 1792 - d. 1850) 
1844                       Nobin (pretender)
 8 Feb 1844 - 10 Apr 1850  Nara Singh                         (s.a.) 
1850  (3 months)           Devendra Singh (= Debindro Singh)  (d. 1871)
12 Jul 1850 - 19 May 1886  Chandrakirti Singh (2nd time)      (s.a.)
                            
(from 18 Feb 1880, Sir Chandrakirti Singh)
20 May 1886 - 23 Sep 1890  Surchandra Singh                   (b. c.1852 - d. 1891)
23 Sep 1890 - 19 Apr 1891  Kulachandra Singh                  (b. c.1853 - d. 1934)
                             (British prisoner 8 May 1891 - 1895)
19 Apr 1891 - 18 Sep 1891  Interregnum

18 Sep 1891
 -  1 Jan 1918  Churachandra Singh                 (b. 1885 - d. 1941)
18 Sep 1891 -
15 May 1907  the British Political Agents -Regent
Maharajas

 
1 Jan 1918 -  7 Nov 1941  Churachandra Singh                 (s.a.)
                             (from 1 Jan 1934, Sir Churachandra Singh)
 
7 Nov 1941 - 15 Oct 1949  Bodhachandra Singh                 (b. 1909 - d. 1955)


Military and Political power exercised by the general commanding British forces in Manipur
29 Apr 1891 - 18 Sep 1891  Henry Collett                      (b. 1836 - d. 1901)
Presidents of the Manipur State Durbar
(chief ministers)
15 May 1907 - 1916         the Raja
15 May 1907 - 1910         William Alexander Cosgrave         (b. 1879 - d. 1952)
                             (vice
president)
bf.1 Apr 1910-15 Jun 1910  C.H. Bell (vice president)
16 Jun 1910 - 1917         John Comyn Higgins                 (b. 1882 - d. 1959)
                             (vice president to 1916)
1917 - 1918                Robert Herriot Henderson (1st time)(b. 1853 - d. 1932)
1918 - Jul 1918            V. Woods
1918 - 1919                Sir Robert Herriot Henderson       (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)

 
3 Feb 1919 - Nov 1921     Christopher Gimson                 (b. 1886 - d. 1975)
1921 - Jun 1921            William Shaw                       (b. 1889 - d. 19..)
Jun 1921 -  6 Sep 1922     Charles Seymour Mullan             (b. 1893 - d. 1969)
 7 Sep 1922 -  2 Jun 1927  Colin Grant Crawford               (b. 1890 - d. 1959)
15 Jun 1925 - 17 Feb 1926  Hugh Weightman (acting)            (b. 1898 - d. 1949)
 2 Jun 1927 - 1930         Anthony Gilchrist McCall           (b. 1895 - d. 1978)
1930 - Feb 1933            Cecil Walter Lewery Harvey         (b. 1897 - d. 1958)
Feb 1933 - 29 Feb 1936     Gerald Pakenham Stewart            (b. 1906 - d. 1998)
 1 Mar 1936 -  8 Feb 1937  Crispin Bernard Chitty Paine       (b. 1906 - d. ....)
 9 Feb 1937 - 1939         Alexander Ranald Hume MacDonald    (b. 1909 - d. ....)
31 Jul 1939 - 1943         Thomas Arthur Timothy Sharpe       (b. 1913 - d. 1944)
23 May 1943 -  5 Nov 1945  Edward Francis Lydall              (b. 1907 - d. 1998)
Nov 1945 - 1947            Francis Fenwick Pearson            (b. 1911 - d. 1991)
Chief ministers

15 Jul 1947 - 14 Aug 1947  Francis Fenwick Pearson (interim)  (s.a.)               Non-party
14 Aug 1947 - 15 Oct 1949  Maharaj Kumar Priyobrata Singh     (b. 1911 - d. 2005)  Non-party
                             (interim to 7 Oct 1948)

British Political Agents, Manipur
(as of 1947, in charge of Manipur state; under the Governor of Assam)
Feb 1835 - 20 Dec 1844     George Lawrie Gordon               (b. 1801 - d. 1844)
1844 - 1862                William McCulloch (1st time)       (b. 1816 - d. 1885)
1862 - Nov 1863            Thomas Dillon
Nov 1863 - Nov 1864        Henry Beveridge (acting)           (b. 1837 - d. 1929)
Nov 1864 - 13 Jan 1868     William McCulloch (2nd time)       (s.a.)
13 Jan 1868 - 1872         Robert Brown (1st time)            (b. 1833 - d. 1876)
1872                       Mowbray Thomson (acting)           (b. 1832 - d. 1917)
1872 - 1875                Robert Brown (2nd time)            (s.a.)
1875 - 1876                Edward Law Durand (1st time)       (b. 1845 - d. 1920)
                             (acting)
1875 - 1877                Guybon Henry
Damant (acting)       (b. 1846 - d. 1879)
Feb 1877 - Oct 1877        Edward Law Durand (2nd time)       (s.a.)
                             (acting)
1877 - Mar 1886            Sir James Johnstone                (b. 1841 - d. 1895)
 
1 Apr 1886 - 31 Jul 1886  William Francis Trotter            (b. 1843? - d. 1886)
1887 - 1889                Frank St. Clair Grimwood (1st time)(b. 1850 - d. 1891)
Feb 1889 - Apr 1889        Albert Edward Heath (acting)       (b. 1848 - d. 1889)
Oct 1889 - 24 Mar 1891     Frank St. Clair Grimwood (2nd time)(s.a.)
24 Apr 1891 - 30 Nov 1892  Henry St. Patrick Maxwell          (b. 1850 - d. 1928)
                             (1st time) 
Dec 1892 - 1895            Alexander Porteous (1st time)      (b. 1855 - d. 1932)
1895 - 1896                Henry St. Patrick Maxwell          (s.a.)
                             (2nd time) 
1896 - 1897                Henry Walter George Cole (1st time)(b. 1866 - d. 1932)
                             (acting) 
Jul 1897 - 1899            Alexander Porteous (2nd time)      (s.a.)
                             (acting)
1899 - 1902                Henry St. Patrick Maxwell          (s.a.)
                             (3rd time)
1902 - Jan 1904            Albert Edward Woods                (b. 1862 - d. 1938)
 
6 Dec 1902 – 29 Jan 1903  Henry Archibald Colebrooke         (b. 1873 - d. 1942)
                             Colquhoun (acting for Woods)
Jan 1904 - 16 Mar 1905     Henry St. Patrick Maxwell          (s.a.)
                             (4th time)
16 Mar 1905
- 23 Feb 1908  John Shakespeare (1st time)        (b. 1861 - d. 1942)
24 Feb 1908 - 16 Feb 1909  Arthur William Davis (acting)      (b. 1861 - d. 1913)
17 Feb 1909 - 19 Mar 1914  John Shakespeare (2nd time)        (s.a.)
20 Mar 1914 - 27 May 1917  Henry Wlater George Cole (2nd time)(s.a.)
28 May 1917 - 26 Dec 1917  John Comyn Higgins (1st time)      (b. 1882 - d. 1952)
27 Dec 1917 - 12 Mar 1920  William Alexander Cosgrave         (s.a.)
13 Mar 1920 - 31 Mar 1922  Loftus Otway Clarke (1st time)     (b. 1871 - d. 1954)
 
1 Apr 1922 - 23 Nov 1922  Christopher Gimson (1st time)      (b. 1886 - d. 1975)
                             (acting)
24 Nov 1922 -  5 Apr 1924  Loftus Otway Clarke (2nd time)     (s.a.)
 6 Apr 1924 -  5 Mar 1928  John Comyn Higgins (2nd time)      (s.a.)
 
5 Mar 1928 - 23 Nov 1928  Colin Grant Crawford (acting)      (b. 1890 - d. 1959)
 
1 Apr 1929 - 1933         John Comyn Higgins (3rd time)      (s.a.)
 
5 Mar 1933 - 1938         Christopher Gimson (2nd time)      (s.a.)
22 Mar 1938 - Nov 1938     Gerald Pakenham Stewart (1st time) (b. 1906 - d. 1998)
                             (Japanese prisoner Sep 1941-45)
Dec 1938 - Dec 1946        Christopher Gimson (3rd time)      (s.a.)
Dec 1946 - 14 Aug 1947     Gerald Pakenham Stewart (2nd time) (s.a.)
Indian Dominion Agents (subordinated to the governor of 
Assam)
15 Aug 1947 - Sep 1947     Gerald Pakenham Stewart            (s.a.)
1947 - 1948                Shri Debeswar Sarmah               (b. 1896 - d. 1993)
Indian Dewans
(representing the governor of Assam)
29 Nov 1948 - 18 Apr 1949 
Maharaj Kumar Priyobrata Singh     (s.a.)           
18 Apr 1949 - 15 Oct 1949  Rawal Amar Singh



Mansa

[Mansa Princely State to 1948
              (India)]

Capital: Mansa Population: 18,861 (1941)
State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: None

1811/12 - 1948             Part of the Sabar Kantha (to 1933, Mahi Kantha) semi-jurisdictional
                             states (see under Malpur)
.
 7 Dec 1943 - 15 Aug 1947  Attached (the British jurisdictional authority granted) to Baroda.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
10 Jun 1948                Merged into Bombay (from 1 May 1960, Gujarat).

Rulers (title Raol)
            
.... - ....                Jorajji
.... - ....                Bhimsinhji
.... - 1886                Rajsinhji Bhimsinhji               (b. 1850 - d. 18..)  
1886 - 1889                Kesrisinhji Bhimsinhji             (d. 1889)
18 May 1889 - 1934         Takhatsinhji Kesrisinhji           (b. 1877 - d. 1934)  
17 Aug 1889 - Nov 1897     .... -Regent
 4 Jan 1934 - 10 Jun 1948  Sajjansinhji Takhatsinhji          (b. 1908 - d. 1959)

Dewan (chief minister)
c.1944                     Mahaprasad U. Arwind


Mathwar

Capital: Mathwar Population: 3,889 (1941)
State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: None

c.1818                     British protectorate.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
28 May 1948                Merged into Madhya Bharat (from 1 Nov 1956, Madhya Pradesh).

Rulers (title Rana)
18.. - 1859                Ram Singh  
1859 - 1865                Onkar Singh                        (d. 1865)
1865 - 1901                Ranjit Singh                       (b. 1861 - d. 1901)
1901 - 1934                Bakht Singh                        (b. 1871 - d. 1934)
1934 - 28 May 1948         Laxman Singh                       (b. 1921 - d. 19..)



Mayurbhanj

[Mayurbhanj
                        state (Royal flag) to 1948 (India)]
State Flag to 9 Nov 1948

[Mayurbhanj
                          state (War flag) to 1948 (India)]
War Flag to 9 Nov 1948
Capital: Baripada Population: 990,977 (1941)
State Troops:
100 (1939,
paramilitary)
 (State Police Force)

Interim
Constitution
(11 Dec 1947)
Salute: 9 guns

bf.1660                    Mayurbhanj state founded.
1803                       British protectorate (officially from 1812).
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
 
9 Nov 1948 -  1 Jan 1949  Administered by India.
 1 Jan 1949                Merged into Orissa.

Rajas
1688 - 1711                Savesvara Bhanj Deo
1711 - 1728                Viravikramaditya Bhanj Deo
1728 - 1750                Raghunath Bhanj Deo
1750 - 1761                Chakradhar Bhanj Dep
1761 - 1796                Damodar Bhanj Deo                  (d. 1796)
1796 - 1810                Rani Sumitra Devi (f) -Regent      (d. 1810)
1810 - 1813                Rani Jamuna Devi (f) -Regent
1813 - 1822                Tribikram Bhanj Deo                (d. 1822)
1822 - 1863
               Jadunath Bhanj Deo                 (d. 1863)
                             (from 1860, personal style of Maharaja)
1863 - 1868                Shrinath Bhanj Deo                 (d. 1868)
1868 - 29 May 1882         Krishnachandra Bhanj Deo           (b. 1848 - d. 1882)
                             (from 1877, personal style of Maharaja)
29 May 1882 - 1910         Ramchandra Bhanj Deo               (b. 1871 - d. 1912)
29 May 1882 - Sep 1890     Regency council       
                           - Rajmata Rama Devi (f)
                           - Brindaban Chandra Bhanj Deo
                           - Gokul Chandra Bhanj Deo
29 May 1882 - Dec 1882     Bedon -Manager
Dec 1882 - Sep 1890        H.P. Wylly
-Manager
Maharajas
1910 - 22 Feb 1912         Ramchandra Bhanj Deo               (s.a.)

22 Feb 1912 - 21 Apr 1928  Purnachandra Bhanj Deo             (b. 1899 - d. 1928)
Superintendents (regents)
13 May 1912 - 30 Jun 1912  C.L. Phillip (1st time)
 1 Jul 1912 -  3 Nov 1912  E. McLeod Smith
 4 Nov 1912 -  9 Feb 1916  C.L. Phillip (2nd time)
10 Feb 1916 – 22 Apr 1917  James Edward Scott
                             (acting)
Apr 1917 – 12 Oct 1919     Norman Frederick Peck
Maharaja
21 Apr 1928 -  9 Nov 1948  Pratapchandra Bhanj Deo            (b. 1901 - d. 1968)

                             (from 1 Jan 1935, Sir Pratapchandra Bhanj Deo)
Indian administrator
 9 Nov 1948 -  1 Jan 1949  Dattatraya Vaman Rege              (b. 1897 - d. 19..)

Dewans (chief ministers)
Apr 1921 - 28 Nov 1929     Samuel McLeod Smith
19 Jun 1930 - 17 Jun 1935  P.K. Sen
 6 Jul 1935 -  5 Jul 1940  Kshitish C. Neogy                  (b. 1888 – d. 19..)
16 Aug 1940 - 1947         Bindeswari P. Pande                (b. 1896 – d. 19..)
Prime minister
15 Dec 1947 - Oct 1948     Sarat Chandra Das                  (b. 1891 – d. 19..) AISPC

Agents to the Governor-general (from 1 Apr 1937, Residents) for the Eastern States
(in Ranchi, from 1937 Calcutta; as of 1947, in charge of Cooch Behar, Mayurbhanj
and Tripura states, and the Chhattisgarh and Orissa States Agencies)
 1 Apr 1933 - 1934         Edmund Currey Gibson               (b. 1886 - d. 1974)
Apr 1934 -  9 Mar 1937     Arthur Stanley Meek                (b. 1883 - d. 1955)
 9 Mar 1937 - 29 Mar 1937  Gerald Patrick Murphy (acting)     (b. 1888 - d. 1978)
29 Mar 1937 - 11 Apr 1939  Henry William Cumine Robson        (b. 1886 - d. 1942)
11 Apr 1939 - 25 Oct 1941  L
eslie Eric Barton                 (b. 1889 - d. 1952)
25 Oct 1941 - 1943         Cyril Percy Hancock                (b. 1896 - d. 1990)
1943 - 1944?               Sir Walter Fendall Campbell        (b. 1894 - d. 1973)
Feb 1944 - 1944            Leonard George Coke-Wallis         (b. 1900 - d. 1974)
                            
(acting Jun 1943 and Feb 1944 - 1944)
 1 Dec 1944 - 1947         Herbert John Todd                  (b. 1893 - d. 1985)

1947                       Cecil Walter Lewery Harvey         (b. 1897 - d. 1958)
Indian Regional Commissioner for the Eastern States (in Calcutta)
c.1948                     Nagendra Singh                     (b. 1914 - d. 1988)


Mewar: see Udaipur


Miraj (Miraj Senior Branch)

[Miraj (Miraj Senior Branch)
                to 1948 (India)]

Capital: Miraj Population: 108,547 (1941)
State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: None

1761                       Miraj estate (jagir) founded.
1761 - 1818                Tributary of Satara.
1819                       British protectorate, recognized as a state.
1820                       Miraj state split between Senior and Junior Branches.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
 8 Mar 1948                Merged into Bombay (from 1 May 1960, Maharashtra).

Rulers (title Rao)
1761 - 1771                Govind Rao                         (d. 1771)
1771 - 1775                Vaman Rao                          (d. 1775)
1775 - 1777                Pandurang Rao                      (d. 1777)
1777 - 1782                Harihar Rao                        (b. c.1765 - d. 1782)

1782 - 1801                Chintaman Rao "Appa Sahib"         (b. 1776 - d. 1851)
                             [ruler of Sangli 1801-1851]

1801 - 1819                Gangadhar Rao I (regent 1782-1801)
1819 - 1833                Ganpatrao I "Tatya Sahib"          (d. 1833)
1833 – 1861                Gangadhar Rao II "Bala Sahib"      (b. 1826 - d. 1861)
1833 - 1839                Moreshvar Rao -Regent              (d. 1839)
1861 - Nov 1874            Ganpatrao II "Tatya Sahib          (d. 1875)

                             Patwardhan"
 6 Jun 1875 - 23 Jun 1936  Gangadhar Rao III "Bala Sahib      (b. 1866 - d. 1939)
                             Patwardhan"
                             (from 1 Jan 1903, Sir Gangadhar Rao III)
1875 - 1887                Regency by South Maratha Political Agents

Rajas
23 Jun 1936 - 1939         Sir Gangadhar Rao III "Bala Sahib  (s.a.)
                             Patwardhan"
11 Dec 1939 -  8 Mar 1948  Narayan Rao "Jatya Sahib           (b. 1898 - d. 1984)
                             Patwardhan" 

Dewans (chief ministers)
c.1883                     M. Shirgoankar
c.1890 - 31 May 1893       Kalian Sitaram Chitray (Karbhari)
 2 Jan 1893 -  2 Apr 1893  Krishnaji Vasudeo Phadke (acting)
31 May 1893 -  1 Apr 1895  Vithal Hari Limaye
 1 Dec 1894 - 29 Oct 1897  Krishnaji Vasudev Phadke
                             (acting to 1 Apr 1895)
 5 May 1897 - 29 Oct 1897  Gangadhar Amrit Joshi (acting)
Oct 1897 - Jul 1899        Madhava Hari Patwardhan
 6 Jul 1899 - 25 Feb 1910  Ganesh Krishna Agashe (1st time)
25 Feb 1910 - 22 Aug 1910  D. Prani (acting)
22 Aug 1910 - c.1930       Ganesh Krishna Agashe (2nd time)
1943 - 1946                Dattatraya S. Gokhale              (b. 1890 - d. 19..)
1946 - 194.                G.V. Vaidya



Miraj Junior Branch

[Miraj (Miraj Junior Branch)
                c.1820-1948 (India)]

Capital: Budhgaon Population: 46,295 (1941)
State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: None

1820                       Miraj state split between Senior and Junior Branches.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
 8 Mar 1948                Merged into Bombay
(from 1 May 1960, Maharashtra).

Rulers (title Rao)
1820 - 1845                Madhav Rao I                       (d. 1845)
1845 - Feb 1876            Lakshman Rao I "Anna Sahib"        (b. 1807 - d. 1876)
Feb 1876 - May 1877        Harihar Rao                        (d. 1877)
1877 -  7 Feb 1899         Lakshman Rao II "Anna Sahib        (d. 1899)
                             Patwardhan"  
1877 - 1899                Regency [2 karbharis]
19 Dec 1899 -  8 Mar 1948  Madhav Rao II Harihar Rao
          (b. 1889 - d. 1950)
                            "Baba Sahib Patwardhan"
                             (from 9 Jun 1938, hereditary style Raja)

                             (from 23 Jun 1936, Sir Madhav Rao II Harihar Rao)
19 Dec 1899 -  8 Feb 1902  Rani Parbati Bai Sahiba (f)-Regent (d. 1902)
 8 Feb 1902 - 17 Mar 1909  Dowlatriam Kashiram Pandit -Regent
                             (administrator)

Karbharis (state managers)
c.1890 -  1 Oct 1891       Ramchandra Rajaram Mule
 1 Oct 1891 -  3 Nov 1896  G.K. Sovani
 7 Nov 1896 - 1897         G.A. Potnis
1897 - 29 Mar 1897         S R. Paranjpe
29 Mar 1897 - 20 Jan 1902  S.B. Limaye
20 Jan 1902 - 17 Mar 1909  Dowlatram Kashiram Pandit
                             (administrator)
17 Mar 1909 - 25 Sep 1909  G.V. Shrikhande (acting)
25 Sep 1909-bf.1 Jun 1918  L.N. Ransing
26 Oct 1915 - 23 Dec 1915  B.B. Sardesai (1st time)(acting)
 8 Oct 1916 - 13 Nov 1916  B.B. Sardesai (2nd time)(acting)
21 Mar 1918-af.31 May 1921 B.B. Sardesai (3rd time)
Dewan
(chief minister)
1932 - af.1946             Venkatesh V. Yargop                (b. 1891 – d. 19..)



Mohanpur

[Mohanpur state to 1948
                (India)]

Capital: Mohanpur Population: 15,727 (1941)
State Troops:
None (1939)

Salute: None

c.1227                     Mohanpur predecessor state founded.
1811/12 - 1948             Part of the Sabar Kantha (to 1933, Mahi Kantha) semi-jurisdictional
                             states
(see under Malpur).
1943                       Avoided the attachment to Idar.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
10 Jun 1948                Merged into Bombay (from 1 May 1960, Gujarat).

Rulers (title Thakur)
1793 - 1795                Vacant
1795 - 1801                Hindusinhji Pratapsinhji
1801 - 18..                Salamsinhji
18.. - 1850                Raisinhji
1850 - 1875                Dolatsinhji
1875 - 1882                Umedsinhji                      (b. 1854 - d. 1882)
 6 Oct 1882 - 1916         Himmatsinhji                    (b. 1876 - d. 1916)
1882 - 1894                .... -Regent (state manager)
1916 - 1927                Takhatsinhji                    (b. 1861 - d. 19..)
18 Nov 1927 - 10 Jun 1948  Sartansinhji Takhatsinhji       (b. 1886 - d. 1955)


Morasa: see Idar


Morvi
 
[Morvi 1947-1948
                          (India)]
1947 - 15 Feb 1948
[Morvi thakurs
                          ensign to 1948 (India)]
Royal Flag to 15 Feb 1948
[Morvi Merchant
                          Flag 1921-1947 (India)]
2 Aug 1921 - 14 Aug 1947 Merchant Flag
Capital: Morvi
(Morbi)
Population: 141,761 (1941)
State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: 11 guns

1698                       Morvi (Morbi) state founded.
1807                       British protectorate.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
15 Feb 1948                Merged into Saurashtra.

 1 Nov 1956                Part of Bombay (from 1 May 1960, Gujarat).

Rulers (title Thakur Sahib)
1698 - 1733                Kanyojisinghji Rawaji              (d. 1733)
1733 - 1739                Aliyaji Kanyoji                    (d. 1739)
1739 - 1764                Rawaji Aliyaji I                   (d. 1764)
1764 - 1772                Pachanji Rawaji                    (d. 1772)
1772 - 1783                Waghji I Rawaji                    (d. 1783)
1783 - 1790                Hamirji Waghji                     (d. 1790)
1790 - 1828                Jyaji Waghji                       (d. 1828)
1828 - 1846                Prithirajji Jyaji                  (d. 1846)
1846 - 17 Feb 1870         Rawaji II Prithirajji              (b. 1828 - d. 1870)
17 Feb 1870 - 11 Jul 1922  Waghji II Rawaji                   (b. 1858 - d. 1922)
                             (personal style Maharaja from 16 Feb 1887)
                             (from 30 Jun 1887, Sir Waghji II Rawaji)
17 Feb 1870 -  1 Jan 1879  Regents (Council of administration)
                           - Shambhuprasad Laxmilal
                           - Jhunjhabai Sakhidas (to 187.)
11 Jul 1922 -  3 Jun 1926  Lakhdirji Waghji                   (b. 1876 - d. 1957)
Maharajas
 
3 Jun 1926 - 21 Jan 1948  Lakhdirji Waghji                   (s.a.)
                             (from 1 Jan 1930, Sir Lakhdirji Waghji)
21 Jan 1948 - 15 Feb 1948  Mahendrasinghji Lakhdirji          (b. 1918 - d. 1957)

Dewans (chief ministers)
c.1902 - 18 May 1906       Morarji Mangalji Pandya            (d. 1906)
19 May 1906 - 1906         Gokaldas Rajpal Mehta (acting)
1906 - Dec 1907            Azam Ranchhodlal Sevakram (acting)
Dec 1907 - 1908?           Dullabhji Dharmji Ved
1908? - c.Dec 1921         Bhanji Kanji
c.1930                     Pragjibbai M. Patel
                             (also president of State Council)
c.1936 - 1939              M.D. Solanki
                             (also president of State Council)
bf.1941 - af.1946          Mulvantrai P. Baxi



Mudhol

[Mudhol flag
                          c.1890 (India)]
Flag c.1890
[Mudhol flag to
                          1948 (India)]
to 8 Mar 1948

Capital: Mudhol Population: 72,447
(1941)

State Forces/Troops:
 130 (1939)

Salute: 9 guns

c.1400                     Mudhol estate (jagir) founded.
1670                       Mudhol estate becomes a state.
c.1680 - 1818              Tributary of Satara.
1819                       British protectorate.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
 8 Mar 1948                Merged into Bombay.
 1 Nov 1956                Part of Mysore state (from 1 Nov 1973, Karnataka).

Rulers (title Raje Ghorpade Bahadur)
1662 - 1700                Maloji Raje Ghorpade               (d. 1700)
1700 - 1734                Sardar Akhayaji Raje Ghorpade      (d. 1734)
1734 - 1737                Pirajirao Raje Ghorpade            (d. 1737)
1737 - 1805                Malojirao III Raje Ghorpade        (b. 1710 - d. 1805)
1805 - 1816                Narayanrao Raje Ghorpade           (d. 1816)
1816 - 20 Feb 1818         Govindrao Raje Ghorpade            (d. 1818)
20 Feb 1818 - Dec 1854     Venkatrao I Raje Ghorpade          (d. 1854)
Dec 1854 - 27 Mar 1862     Balwantrao Raje Ghorpade           (b. 1841 - d. 1862)
Dec 1854 - 1861            Kristnaji Ball -Regent
27 Mar 1862 - 19 Jun 1900  Venkatrao II Raje Ghorpade
        (b. 1861 - d. 1900)
                             "Bala Sahib"
27 Mar 1862 - 1882         .... -Regent
                           (assistant political agents of
Kolhapur and South Maratha country)
19 Jun 1900 -  3 Jun 1922
  Malojirao IV Raje Ghorpade         (b. 1884 - d. 1937)
                           
 "Nana Sahib"            
                            (from 1 Jan 1920, Sir Malojirao IV Raje Ghorpade)
19 Jun 1900 - 25 Jan 1904  Administrator (State Karbharis)
                           - M.G. Mhaskar (1900 - 1903/4?)
                           - S.D. Khandekar (bf.Aug 1904)

Rajas
 3 Jun 1922 – 14 Nov 1937  Sir Malojirao IV Raje Ghorpade     (s.a.)
                             "Nana Sahib"   
14 Nov 1937 -  8 Mar 1948  Bhairavsinhrao Raje Ghorpade    
  (b. 1929 - d. 1984)
14 Nov 1937 - 10 Jul 1947 
Rani Parvatidevi Raje Sahib
                             Ghorpade (f)
-Regent
                            (president of the Council of Administration)

Karbhari (state managers)
c.1890 - bf.Jun 1895       Vinayakrao Bhaskerji
bf.Jun 1895 - Jul 1900     Shankar Dattatraya Khandekar
                             (1st time)
14 Dec 1900 - 25 Jan 1904  M.G. Mhaskar (administrators)
26 Jan 1904 - Aug 1910     S
hankar Dattatraya Khandekar
                             (2nd time)
Dewans (chief ministers)
Aug 1910 - 14 Oct 1915     M.S. Vinekar                       (d. 1915)
15 Oct 1915 - 15 Jan 1916  M.K. Chavathe (acting)
16 Jan 1916 - 15 Apr 1920  K.B. Bhide
16 Apr 1920 - 1922         Ganesh Hari Anjangaonkar
1922 - 19..                Shirte
c.1939                     Anant Narayan Pradhan              (b. 1879 - d. 19..)



Muhammadgarh (Mohammadgarh)

Capital: Muhammadgarh
(Mohammadgarh)
Population: 2,888 (1941)
State Troops:
30 (1939)

Salute: None

1753                       Estate founded, under Kurwai.
1842                       Muhammadgarh (Mohammadgarh) state formed from parts of Basoda
                             and Kurwai.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
 1 Jul 1948                Merged into Madhya Bharat (after founding of the state)

                             (from 1 Nov 1956, Madhya Pradesh)
.

Rulers (title Nawab)
1842 - 1896                Hafiz Qoli Khan                    (b. 1830 - d. 1896)
1896 - 1910                Hatim Qoli Khan                    (b. 1868 - d. 1910)
 
1 Feb 1910 - 1942         Mohammad Siddiq Qoli Khan          (b. 1890 - d. 194.)
1942 -  1 Jul 1948         Mohammad Sabir Qoli Khan II        (b. 1929)

Chief secretary
c.1939                     Mian Sardar Qoli Khan



Muli

[Muli Princely state to
                    1948 (India)]

Capital: Muli Population: 16,977 (1941)
State Troops:
None (1939)

Salute: None

1158                       Muli founded according to legend.
1807/08 - 1948             Part of the Eastern Kathiawar semi-jurisdictional states

                             (see under Lakthar).
 7 Dec 1943 - 15 Aug 1947  Attached (British jurisdictional authority granted) to Dhrangadhra.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
15 Feb 1948                Merged into Saurashtra.
 1 Nov 1956                Part of Bombay (from 1 May 1960, Gujarat).
 

Rulers (title Thakur)
c.1807                     Ramabhai
18.. - 1870                Vakhatsinhji                       (d. 1870)
1870 - 1894                Sartansinhji                       (b. 1834 - d. 1894)
1894 -  3 Dec 1905         Himatsinhji                        (b. 1879? - d. 1905)
 
3 Dec 1905 - 15 Feb 1948  Harichandrasinhji                  (b. 1899 - d. 19..)

Managers (regents)
bf.1897 - 1898             Azam Kalianrae Revashankar
 2 Feb 1906 - 17 Nov 1909  Anandrai Himatram Dave
18 Nov 1909 -  8 Feb 1912  Shamshanker Jeyehanker Dholakia
 8 Feb 1912 - 15 May 1914  Anopchand Jagjiwan Mody
15 May 1914 - 18 Jan 1917  Venishanker Harishanker Vaishnad
                             (1st time)      
18 Jan 1917 -  2 Apr 1917  Mavji D. Ved (acting)
 2 Apr 1917 - 23 Apr 1918  V
enishanker Harishanker Vaishnad
                             (2nd time) 
23 Apr 1918 - 19 Jun 1918  Khodabhai Somabhai Desai
                             (continues as chief minister    


Mysore: see Mahisur


Nabha

[Nabha state to 1948 (India)]

Capital: Nabha Population: 340,044 (1941)
State Forces/Troops:
690 (1939)

Salute: 13 guns

1755                       Nabha state founded.
1809                       British protectorate.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
15 Jul 1948                Merged into Patiala and Eastern Punjab States Union
                             (from 1 Nov 1956, Punjab).

Rajas
1755 - Dec 1783            Hamir Singh                        (d. 1783)
Dec 1783 - 22 May 1840     Jashwant Singh                     (b. 1775 - d. 1840)
Dec 1783 - 1790            Desu Kaur Sahiba (f) -Regent       (d. 1790)
21 May 1840 - 18 Sep 1846  Devendra Singh                     (b. 1822 - d. 1865)
18 Sep 1846 -  9 Nov 1863  Bharpur Singh                      (b. 1840 - d. 1863)
18 Sep 1846 - Oct 1856     Rani Mai Chand Kaur (f) -Regent
 9 Nov 1863 - 31 May 1871  Bhagwan Singh                      (b. 1842 - d. 1871)
31 May 1871 - 12 Dec 1911  Hira Singh                         (b. 1843 - d. 1911)
                             (from 29 Jul 1879, Sir Hira Singh)
Maharajas

12 Dec 1911 - 24 Dec 1911  Sir Hira Singh                     (s.a.)
24 Dec 1911 - 19 Feb 1928  Ripudaman Singh                    (b. 1883 - d. 1942)
 8 Jul 1923 -  3 Sep 1923  Charles McIvor Grant Ogilvie       (b. 1891 - d. 1967)
                             (Administrator)
 
3 Sep 1923 - 1928         Joseph Wilson Johnston             (b. 1876 - d. 1933)
                             (Administrator)
19 Feb 1928 - 15 Jul 1948  Pratap Singh                       (b. 1919 - d. 1995)
                             (from 1 Jan 1946, Sir Pratap Singh)
19 Feb 1928 -  5 Mar 1941  Regents (from 1932, presidents of Council of Regency)
                           - Joseph Wilson Johnston           (s.a.)
                             (1928 - 1931)
                           - Raja Gyan Nath Madan             (b. 1885 - d. c.1970)
                             (1931 - Nov 1939)
                           - Edward Birkbeck Wakefield        (b. 1903 - d. 1969)
                             (from Nov 1939)

Chief ministers
c.1930                     John Coldstream                    (b. 1877 – d. 1954)
c.1942                     Shirder Singh
1944 – 1945                Cecil Curtis Harold Smith          (b. 1898 – d. 19..)
c.1947                     Sant Singh                         (b. 1886 - d. 19..)


Nagar: see Pakistani Princely States


Nagodh (Nagod)

[Nagodh (Nagod) to 1948
                (India)]

Capital: Nagod Population: 87,911 (1941)
State Troops: 10 (1939)
Salute: 9 guns

1344                       Unchahara founded.
1720                       Renamed Nagodh after new capital.
1807 - 1809                Tributary to Panna.
11 Mar 1809                British protectorate.
c.1877 - c.1908            Under British India management.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
 4 Apr 1948                Merged into Vindhya Pradesh.

Rajas
1685 - 1720                Fakir Shah
1720 - 1748                Chain Singh
1748 - 1780                Ahlad Singh
1780 - 1818                Lal Sheoraj (Shivraj) Singh        (b. 1777 - d. 1818)
1818 - 1831                Balbhadra Singh
1831 - 22 Feb 1874         Raghubindh (Raghvendra) Singh      (b. 1821 - d. 1874)
22 Feb 1874 -  4 Nov 1922  Jadubindh (Jadvendra) Singh        (b. 1855 - d. 1922)
 4 Nov 1922 - 26 Feb 1926  Narharendra Singh                  (b. 1911 - d. 1926)
26 Feb 1926 -  4 Apr 1948  Mahendra Singh                     (b. 1916 - d. 1981)
c.1935                     Bhargavendra Singh Ju Deo -Regent
                             (president of the State Council)

Dewans (chief ministers)
18.. - 1874/75             Sheodin Pande
1874/75 - c.1876/77        Tufuzzool Hussein
c.1877 - 1894              ....
28 Sep 1894 - 15 Apr 1906  Babu Radhe Lal                     (d. 1906)
15 Apr 1906 -  4 Jul 1906  Munshi Suraj Narain (acting)
 4 Jul 1906 - 19..         Munshi Hanuman Prasad
c.1924/26                  Babu Chheda Lalji Sachiva Ratna
c.1930                     Pandit Ram Narain Mulla
bf.1935 – 1942             Bhargavendra Singh Ju Deo
1942 – 194.                Hardarshan Singh
President of the Executive Council and Chief minister
c.1946                     S.P. Namdeva Visharad



Nagpur

[Nagpur flag c.1775-1853
                (India)]

Capital: Nagpur
Population: 4,850,000 (1851)

1743                       The Mahratta Bhonsle (Bhonsla) estate (jagir) of Nagpur founded by a
                             Mahratta
general; from the 1780's it becomes increasingly de facto
                             independent from the paramount Mahratta rulers (see Satara).
May 1816                   British protectorate (by treaty), confirmed 6 Jan 1818.
13 Jun 1817                Recognized as a state by the British-Mahratta treaty (Nagpur state).
11 Dec 1853                Nagpore (Nagpur) annexed to British India (part of Central Provinces)
                             by escheat (ruler dying without a legal heir).

Rulers (title Sena Sahib Subah; from 1806, Maharaja Sena Sahib Subah)
1743 - 14 Feb 1755         Raghuji I                          (b. 1695 - d. 1755) 
14 Feb 1755 - 21 May 1773  Janoji                             (d. 1773)
21 May 1773 - 19 May 1788  Mudhoji I -Regent                  (d. 1788)
19 May 1775 - 22 Mar 1816  Raghuji II                         (b. 1760 - d. 1816)
22 Mar 1816 -  1 Feb 1817  Parsoji "Bala Sahib Parsharam"     (b. 1778 - d. 1817)
22 Mar 1816 - May 1816     Bakabai -Regent
May 1816 -  2 Feb 1817     Mudhoji "Appa Sahib" -Regent       (b. 1796 - d. 1840)
 2 Feb 1817 - 15 Mar 1818  Mudhoji II "Appa Sahib"            (s.a.)

15 Mar 1818 - 26 Jun 1818  Baka Bai (f) -Regent               (b. 1774 - d. 1858)
26 Jun 1818 - 11 Dec 1853  Raghuji III "Bapu S
ahib"           (b. 1808 - d. 1853)
1818 -  1? Dec 1826        Richard Jenkins -Regent            (b. 1785 - d. 1853)
                             (administrator)

British East India Company Residents in Nagpore (Nagpur)
17 Jan 1788 - 1789         George Forester (1st time)         (b. 1752 - d. 1791)
1789 - Jun 1790            Vacant
Jun 1790 -  5 Jan 1791     George Forester (2nd time)         (s.a.)
 5 Jan 1791 - 18 Mar 1799  Vacant
18 Mar 1799 - 19 May 1801  Henry Thomas Colebrooke            (b. 1765 - d. 1837)

19 May 1801 - 31 Dec 1803  Vacant
Jan 1804 - 24 Jan 1807     Mountstuart Elphinstone            (b. 1779 - d. 1859)
24 Jan 1807 - 29 Dec 1826  Richard Jenkins                    (s.a.)
29 Dec 1826 - 12 Apr 1827  Walter Hamilton (acting)           (d. 1874)
                            
(assistant to resident)
12 Apr 1827 - 19 Feb 1830  Francis Boyle Shannon Wilder       (b. 1785 - d. 1849) 
1830 - 1833                Henry Sullivan Graeme              (b. 1781 - d. 1850)
1833 - 1834                Alexander Gordon (acting)          (d. 1851)
                             (assistant to resident)
31 May 1834 - 1835         John Briggs                        (b. 1785 - d. 1875)

1835 - 13 Nov 1839         Richard Cavendish                  (b. 1794 - d. 1876)
13 Nov 1839 - 12 Sep 1844  Sir Thomas Wilkinson               (b. 1795 - d. 1867)
 1 Dec 1844 - 1847         Alexander Spiers                   (b. 1785 - d. 1847)
26 Jan 1847 - 12 Mar 1849  George Ramsay                      (b. 1812 - d. 1887)
12 Mar 1849 - Aug 1850     Thomas Reid Davidson               (b. 1799? - d. 1851)
Nov 1850 - 13 Mar 1854     Charles Grenville Mansel           (b. 1806 - d. 1886)



Naigawan-Rebai

Capital: Rebai Population: 2,888 (1941)
State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: None

1807                       British recognize an estate as a state.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
 4 Apr 1948                Merged into Vindhya Pradesh (on 26 Jan 1950 transferred
                             to Uttar Pradesh).

Rulers (title Kunwar)
1807 - 1808                Lakshman Singh                     (d. 1808)
1808 - 1867                Jagat Singh                        (d. 1867)
1867 - 1909                Larai Dulaiya (f)                  (d. 1909)
1909 - 1935                Vishwanath Singh                   (b. 1878 – d. 1935)
1935 -  4 Apr 1948         Ratan Singh                        (b. 1913 – d. 19..)


Nalagarh

Capital: Nalagarh Population: 52,780 (1941)
State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: None

c.1100                     Nalagarh state founded.
1803 - 1815                Occupied by Nepal.
1816                       British protectorate.
1857 - 1860                Administered by British India.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
15 Jul 1948                Merged into Patiala and East Punjab States Union
                             (from 1 Nov 1956, Punjab).

Rajas
1618 - 1701                Dharm Chand
1701 - 1705                Himmat Chand
1705 - 1761?               Bhup Singh
1761? - 1762               Man Chand                          (d. c.1762)
1762 - 1788                Gaje Singh
1788 - 1803                Ram Saran Singh (1st time)         (b. c.1762 - d. 1848)
1803 - 1815                occupied by Nepal
1815 - 1848                Ram Saran Sungh (2nd time)         (s.a.)
1848 - 1857                Bije Singh                         (d. 1857)
1857 - 15 Jan 1860         interregnum
15 Jan 1860 - Dec 1876     Agar Singh                         (b. 1804 - d. 1876)
16 Dec 1876 - 18 Sep 1911  Ishri Singh                        (b. 1836 - d. 1911)
18 Sep 1911 - 1946         Jogindra Singh                     (b. 1877 - d. 1946)

1946 - 15 Jul 1948         Surendra Singh                     (b. 1922 - d. 1971)

Wazirs (chief ministers)
1877 - 1880                Ghulam Kadir
1880 - 1893                council of three
1893 - 1895                Jowagir Lal (manager)
1895 - 1897?               Baghwan Das
1897 - 1897                Jogindar Singh
1897 - 1898                Hari Singh
1898 - 1914                Council of three
1914 - 1920                Chaudhri Ramji Lall                (d.  1920)
1920 - 1925                Lala Raghubir Singh
1925 - 1930?               Pandit Laiq Ram 



Nandgaon (Raj Nandgaon)

[Nandgaon (Raj
                          Nandgaon) state flag to 1948 (India)]
to 1 Jan 1948 State Flag
Capital: Raj Nandgaon Population: 202,973
 (1941)

State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: None

1853                       Annexed to British India as part of Nagpur as an estate
                             (zamindari).
 4 Jan 1866                Nandgaon estate recognized as a state.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
 1 Jan 1948                Merged into Central Provinces (from 26 Jan 1950, Madhya Pradesh).

Rulers (title Mahant)
1865 - Nov 1883            Ghasi Das                          (b. 1820 - d. 1883)
Nov 1883 - 25 Aug 1897     Balram Das                         (b. 1866 - d. 1897)
                             (personal style Raja 1887-1893; from 2 Jan 1893, Raja Bahadur)
25 Aug 1897 - 25 May 1912  Rajendra Das                       (b. 1895 - d. 1912)
c.1911                     Khan Bahadur Kutub-ud-din
                             -Superintendent (regent)
24 Jun 1913 - 1940         Sarveshvara Das                    (b. 1906 - d. 1940)
18 Sep 1940 -  1 Jan 1948  Digvijai Das                       (b. 1933 - d. 1958)
c.1947                     Rani Joyoti Manjari Devi (f) -Regent



Nargund


Capital: Nargund
Population: 23,000 (1851)

1711                       Nargund estate (jagir) founded, to 1818 a tributary to Satara.
1785 - 1799                Occupied by Mahisur (Mysore).
1821                       British protectorate, recognized as a state.
May 1858 – Jun 1858        In rebellion against British rule.
 3 Jun 1858                Annexed to British India.

Rulers (title
Rao)

1711 - 1740                Ramrao Bhave
1740 - 1742                Dadajirao I
1742 - 1760                Yogirao
1760 - 1773                Bhaskararao I
1773 - 1785                Vyenkatarao (1st time)             (d. 1817)
1785 - 1799                occupied by Mahisur
1799 - 1817                Vyenkatarao (2nd time)             (s.a.)
1817 - 1842                Dadajirao II
1842 -  3 Jun 1858         Bhaskararao II "Baba Sahib"        (d. 1858)



Narsinghgarh (Narsingarh)

[Narsinghgarh (Narsingarh)
                state flag to 1948 (India)]

Capital: Narsinghgarh Population: 125,178
(1941)

State Troops: 220 (1939)
Salute: 11 guns

1681                       Narsinghgarh (Narsingarh) estate (jagir) founded.
1819                       Narsinghgarh estate recognized as a state, a British protectorate.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
28 May 1948                Merged into Madhya Bharat (from 1 Nov 1956, Madhya Pradesh).

Rulers (title Rawat)
1795 - 1827                Sobhagh Singh                      (d. 1827)
1827 - May 1872            Hanwant Singh                      (d. 1873)

Rajas
May 1872 - Mar 1873        Hanwant Singh                      (s.a.)

1873 - Apr 1890            Pratap Singh                       (d. 1890)
28 Jun 1890 - Nov 1895     Mahtab Singh                       (b. 1889 - d. 1895)
 
9 Nov 1895 - 22 Apr 1924  Arjun Singh                        (b. 1887 - d. 1924)
                             (from 3 Jun 1916, Sir Arjun Singh)
23 Apr 1924 - 28 May 1948  Vikram Singh                       (b. 1909 - d. 1957)
                             (from 1 Jan 1941, Sir Vikram Singh)
23 Apr 1924 -  7 Oct 1929  Rani Shiv Kunwar Sahiba (f) -Regent

Dewans (chief ministers)
c.1930                     B.N. Zutshi
24 Sep 1932 - af.1939      Jagdish Singh
bf.1941 - af.1946          Munshi Brahma Dina



Narsinghpur

Capital: Narsinghpur Population: 48,448 (1941)
State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: None

1292                       Narsinghpur state founded.
1803                       British protectorate (then spelled Nersingphur).
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
 1 Jan 1948                Merged into Orissa.

Rajas
1671 - 1701                Mandardhar Harichandan Mohapatra
1701 - 1723                Kochali Harichandan Mohapatra
1723 - 1765                Biswambar Harichandan Mohapatra
1765 - 1775                Rrishna Chandra Harichandan Mohapatra
1775 - 1798                Nimai Charan Harichandan Mohapatra
1798 - 1826                Jaganath Harichandan Mohapatra
1826 - 1859                Somanath Harichandan Mohapatra
1859 - 1884                Braja Sundar Harichandan Mohapatra
 4 Dec 1884 - 1912         Sadhu Charan Man Singh Harichandan (b. 1883 - d. 19..)
                             Mohapatra
18 Jul 1912 -  5 Jul 1921  Ramchandra Man Singh Harichandan   (b. 1906 - d. 1921)
                             Mohapatra
 5 Jul 1921 -  1 Jan 1948  Ananta Narayan Man Singh           (b. 1908 - d. 1963)
                             Harichandan Mohapatra 



Nawanagar (Navanagar)
 
[Nawanagar
                          (Navangar) to 1948 (India)]
to 15 Feb 1948
[Navanagar Merchant
                        flag 1921-1947 (India)]
2 Aug 1921 - 14 Aug 1947 Merchant Flag
Capital: Jamnagar Population: 504,006
 (1941)

State Forces/Troops:
 610 (1939)

Anthem
"Jai Jai Maharaja"
Salute: 13 guns

c.1535                     Nawanagar state founded.
1664 - 1673                Mughal occupation.
1807                       British protectorate (confirmed 23 Feb 1812).
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
15 Feb 1948                Merged into Saurashtra (from 1 May 1960, Gujarat).

Rulers (title Jam Saheb)
 2 Oct 1690 - 13 Oct 1708  Lakhaji II Tamachi                 (b. 16.. - d. 1708)
13 Oct 1708 - 13 Aug 1711  Raisinhji II Lakhaji               (b. 16.. - d. 1711)
13 Aug 1711 - 18 Sep 1743  Tamachi II Raisinhji               (d. 1743)
18 Sep 1743 -  2 Nov 1767  Lakhaji III Tamachi                (b. 1743 - d. 1767)
18 Sep 1743 -  2 Nov 1767  Meru Khawas -Regent (1st time)
 2 Nov 1767 -  6 Aug 1814  Jasaji Lakhaji                     (b. 17.. - d. 1814)
 2 Nov 1767 - 1800         Meru Khawas -Regent (2nd time)
 6 Aug 1814 - 24 Feb 1820  Sataji Lakhaji                     (d. 1820)
24 Feb 1820 - 22 Feb 1852  Ranmalji II Sataji                 (d. 1852)
22 Feb 1852 - 28 Apr 1895  Vibhoji II Ranmalji                (b. 1827 - d. 1895)
                             (from 1 Jan 1877, Sir Vibhoji II Ranmalji;
                             personal style Maharja from 1 Jan 1877)
Rulers (title Maharaja
Jam Saheb)(personal style to 1 Jan 1918, then made hereditary)
28 Apr 1895 - 14 Aug 1906  Jashwantsinhji Vibhoji             (b. 1882 - d. 1906)
28 Apr 1895 - 31 Jul 1895  Maganlal Bapubhai -Regent (acting)
31 Jul 1895 - 23 Nov 1900  Willoughby Pitcairn Kennedy -
Regent(b. 1850 - d. 1928)
23 Nov 1900 -  6 Mar 1901  Layard Livingston Fenton -Regent   (b. 1849 - d. 1921)
 
6 Mar 1901 - 19 Mar 1903  Charles Norman Seddon -Regent      (b. 1870 - d. 1950)
14 Aug 1906 -  2 Apr 1933  Ranjitsinhji Vibhoji               (b. 1872 - d. 1933)
                             (from 1 Jan 1917, Sir Ranjitsinhji Vibhoji)
16 Nov 1914 -  9 Sep 1916  Henry Warwick Berthon -Regent      (b. 1870 - d. 1952)
                             (for the absent Maharaja)

 2 Apr 1933 - 15 Feb 1948  Digvijaysinhji Ranjitsinhji        (b. 1895 - d. 1966)
                             (from 3 Jun 1935, Sir Digvijaysinhji Ranjitsinhji)

Dewans (chief ministers)
c.1895                     Maganlal Bapubhai
16 Feb 1904 - 26 May 1916  Merwanji Pestonji (1st time)

 4 Apr 1914 - 30 Jun 1916  Hormasji J. Antia (acting)
 1 Jul 1916 - Oct 1920     Parshuram B. Junnarkar (acting)
                             (political secretary)
 1 May 1918 - 30 Apr 1920  Merwanji Pestonji (2nd time)
Oct 1920 - Jan 1921        Hirabhai Manibhai Mehta (general secy.)
                           + Gokalbhai Bapubhai Desai (revenue secy.)
                           (acting)
c.Jun 1921 - af.1946       Merwanji Pestonji (3rd time)



Nayagarh

[Nayagarh to 1948 (India)]

Capital: Nayagarh Population: 161,409
(1941)

State Troops: 20 (1939)
Salute: None

c.1260                     Nayagarh state founded according to legend.
c.1480                     Progenitor of the dynasty founded.
1803                       British protectorate.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
 1 Jan 1948                Merged into Orissa.

Rajas
1662 - 1701                Gadadhar Singh Mandhatta
1701 - 1730                Ramchandra Singh Mandhatta
1730 - 1750                Chandrasikhar Singh Mandhatta 

1750 - 1755                Purusottam Singh Mandhatta 
1755 - 1789                Mrutunjay Singh Mandhatta 
1789 - 1823                Binayak Singh Mandhatta
1823 - Aug 1851            Brajabandhu Singh Mandhatta        (d. 1851)
30 Sep 1851 - 1889         Ladhu Kishor Singh Mandhata        (b. c.1843 - d. ....)
30 Sep 1851 - Apr 1857     Court of Wards
1889 - 1890                Balbhadra Singh
 2 Mar 1890 -  4 Sep 1897  Raghunath Singh Mandhata           (b. c.1862 - d. 1897)

 4 Sep 1897 -  7 Dec 1918  Narayan Singh Mandhata             (b. c.1878 - d. 19..)
 7 Dec 1918 -  1 Jan 1948  Krishnachandra Singh Mandhata      (b. 1911 - d. 1983)
19.. - 1933                Abdul Satar Khan -Superintendent (regent)

Dewan (chief minister)
c.1939                     Harekrishna Samanta
Leading minister (ruler was the chief minister)
10 Sep 1947 -  1 Jan 1948  Brundaban Chandra Singh


Nayagaon

Capital: Nayagaon
Population: 1,800 (1851)

1812                       British recognize Nayagaon estate (jagir) as state.
1864                       Distributed among Paldeo and other Chaube states.

Rulers (title Chaube)
1812? - 1843               Jagannath                          (d. 1843)
1843 - 1864                Nanni Dulaiya (f)                  (d. 1864)



Nilgiri

Capital: Raj-Nilgiri Population: 73,109 (1941)
State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: None

1125                       Nilgiri state founded.
1592 - 1728                Tributary to Mayurbhanj.
1803                       British protectorate.
 1 Nov 1942 - 1946         British India administration (administered by Orissa province).
15 Aug 1947                Accession to India.            
 5 Nov 1947 - 14 Nov 1947  Provisional Azad Nilgiri government declared in rebellion.
14 Nov 1947 -  1 Jan 1948  Occupied by India (Orissa province).
 1 Jan 1948                Merged into Orissa. 

Rajas
1664 - 1695                Lukhyan Das Harichandan Mardraj
1695 - 1712                Goinda Das Mardraj Harichandan
1712 (6 months)            Narayan Das Mardraj Harichandan
1712 - 1741                Chakradhar Mardraj Harichandan
1741 - 1742                Tribikram Mardraj Harichandan
1742 - 1752                Raghunath Mardraj Harichandan
1752 - 1753                Nayanund
Mardraj Harichandan
1753 - 1771                Debya Singh Mardraj Harichandan
1771 - 1774                Netyanund Mardraj Harichandan
1774 - 1778                Sarveswar Mardraj Harichandan
1778 - 1780                Lakshmikanta Mardraj Harichandan
1780 - 1781                Radhika Dei Rajmata -Rani

1781 - 1784                Dasarath Mardraj Harichandan
1784 - 1795                Govardhan Mardraj Harichandan      (d. 1795)
                             Fateh Singh Bahadur
1795 - 1795
                Gopinath Mardraj Harichandan
                             (1st time)
1796 (15 days)            
Ramchandra Mardraj Harichandan
                             (1st time)
1796 - 1799                Dasarathi Mardraj Harichandan
1799 - 1801                Ramchandra Mardraj Harichandan
                             (2nd time)

1801 - 1802                Gopinath Mardraj Harichandan
                             (2nd time)
1802 - 1819
                Ramchandra Mardraj Harichandan
                             (3rd time)
1819 - 1832                Govindachandra Mardraj Harichandan

1832 - 1893                Krushnachandra Mardraj Harichandan (b. 1827 - d. 1893)
1833 - 1843                Rani Chira Devi (f) -Regent
Jul 1884 - 1894           
W.R. Ricketts -Manager
11 May 1893 -  6 Jul 1913  Shyamchandra Mardraj Harichandan   (b. 1877 - d. 19..)
                             (suspended Oct 1905 - Apr 1908)

1894 -  6 Jan 1898         H.M. Ring -Manager Court of Wards
Oct 1905 - Apr 1908        Government Agents
                           - Radhamadhab Naik
                           - Satya Chandra Chandra
 6 Jul 1913 -  1 Jan 1948  Kishorchandra Mardraj Harichandan  (b. 1904 - d. 1960)
 6 Jul 1913 -  2 Feb 1925  Iswar Prasad Singh -Superintendent
 5 Nov 1947 -  1 Jan 1948  Kailashchandra Mohanty                                  AISPC
                             (president "Azad Nilgiri" government, in rebellion)

Dewan (chief minister)
c.1939                     Krishna Chandra Ghosh


Nimrana

Capital: Nimrana Population: 8,913 (1941)
State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: None

c.1464                     Nimrana estate founded.
1803                       Part of the Alwar state.
1868                       British grant to ruler separate jurisdictional powers, but the
                             estate (thikana) remains a part and feudatory of Alwar.
1885 – 1896                Under British India management.
c.1946                     In direct relations with the British India, only the tribute
                             to Alwar state remains.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
18 Mar 1948                Merged into Matsya (represented in merger by Alwar).

Rajas
c.1816                     Bijay Singh
c.1837                     Prithi Singh
c.1862                     Ishree Singh
bf.1870 – 1885             Mukund Singh                       (d. 1885)
1885 – 1932                Janak Singh                        (b. 1875 - d. 1932)
1932 – 1945                Umrao Singh                        (b. 1896 - d. 1945)
1945 – 18 Mar 1948         Rajendra Singh                     (b. 1926)



Nurpur

1095?                      Nurpur state founded (then called Dhameri).
1815                       Annexed to Pañjab (Punjab).

Rajas
1661 - 1700                Mandhata Singh
1700 - 1735                Dayadhata                          (b. 1681 - d. 1735)
1735 - 1770                Fateh Singh                        (d. 1770)
1770 - 1805                Prithvi Singh                      (b. 1740 - d. 1805)
1805 - 1815                Bhir Singh                         (b. 1785 - d. 1846)



Orchha

[Orchha state to 1948
                (India)]

Capital: Tikamgarh Population: 363,405
(1941)

State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: 15 guns

c.1250                     Orchha state founded.
23 Dec 1812                British protectorate (by treaty).
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
 4 Apr 1948                Merged into Vindhya Pradesh (from 1 Nov 1956, Madhya Pradesh).

Rajas
1689 - 1735                Udwat Singh                        (d. 1735)
1735 - 1752                Prithvi Singh
1752 - 1765                Sanwant Singh                      (d. 1765)
1765 - 1768                Hati Singh                         (d. 1768)
1768 - 1775                Man Singh
1775 - 1776                Bharti Chand
1776 - 1817                Vikramajit (1st time)              (d. 1834)
1817 - 1834                Dharam Pal                         (d. 1834)
1834                       Vikramajit (2nd time)              (s.a.)
1834 - 1842                Tej Singh                          (d. 1842)
1842 - 1848                Sajjan Singh II                    (d. 1854)
1842 - 1848                Rani Larai (f) -Regent (1st time)
1848 - 1865                Hamir Singh                        (d. 1874)
1848 - c.1857              Rani Larai (f) -Regent (2nd time)
Maharajas (from 1882, Saramad-i-Rajha-i-Bundelkhand Maharaja)
1865 - 15 Mar 1874         Hamir Singh                        (s.a.)
15 Mar 1874 -  3 Mar 1930  Pratap Singh                       (b. 1854 - d. 1930)
                             (from 23 May 1900, Sir Pratap Singh)
 4 Mar 1930 -  4 Apr 1948  Vir Singh                          (b. 1899 - d. 1956)
                             (from 23 Jun 1936, Sir Vir Singh)

Chief ministers
bf.1857 - 1875             Wazir-ud-daula Nathey Khan         (d. 1875/76)
1875                       Mayne (advisor)
1875 - May 1876            Wilson (advisor)
1876 - 1881                Rao Sheo Dial Singh
1881 - 188.                Sewai Bahadur Bijoi Singh
c.1883/84                  Sheo Dayal Singh
1892 - c.1927              Munshi Mohammad Zaman Khan
Jan 1929 - c.1931          Shyam Behari Misra
1931 - 1933                Bindheshwari Prasad Pande
1933 - af.1942             Sajjan Singh
c.1946                     R.S. Shukla


Orissa: see Utkala

Oudh: see Awadh


Pahra

Capital: Pahra Population: 4,062 (1941)
State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: None

1812                       British recognize an Pahra estate (jagir) as a state.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
 4 Apr 1948                Merged into Vindhya Pradesh (on 26 Jan 1950 transferred
                             to Uttar Pradesh).

Rulers (title Chaube)
1812 – 1843                Salig Ram                          (d. 1843)
1843 – 1855                Ram Prasad
1855 – 1868                Maksudan Prasad                    (d. 1868)
1868 – 1930                Radha Charan                       (b. 1856 – d. 1930)
1930 –  4 Apr 1948         Laxmi Prasad                       (b. 1907 – d. 19..)


Pal Lahara

[Pal Lahara to 1948 (India)]

Capital: Lahara Population: 34,130 (1941)
State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: None

1804 - 1874                An estate and tributary to Keonjhar (tribute ceases 1867).
1874                       Recognized as a state.
1911 - 18 Apr 1913         British India administration (sometime spelled Pal Lahera).
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
 1 Jan 1948                Merged into Orissa.

Rajas
.... - ....                Balbhadra Pal
.... - ....                Kandrup Pal
.... - ....                Jagannath Pal
.... - 1778                Mandhata Pal
1778 - 1783                Muni Pal                           (d. 1778)
1783 - 1815                Arnapura (f)                       (d. 1815)
1815 - 1825                Dewan Nanda Pal -Administrator     (d. 1825)
1825 - 1859                Badyanath Pal
1859 - 30 Aug 1888         Chakradhar Pal                     (b. 1831 - d. 1888)
                             (personal style Raja Bahadur from 1868)
30 Aug 1888 - 30 Jul 1912  Duti Krishna Pal                   (b. 1884 - d. 1912)
30 Aug 1888 - 1908         Court of wards -Regent
18 Apr 1913 -  1 Jan 1948  Sarat Chandra Muni Pal             (b. 1903 - d. bf.1965)

18 Apr 1913 - 1925         Court of wards -Regent

Dewan (chief minister)
c.1941                     H.P. Deb



Palanpur

[Palanpur banner
                        c.1877 (India)]

Banner c.1877

[Palanpur 19th
                          cent. (India)]
end 19th cent.

[Palanpur to 1948
                        (India)]

....  - 10 Jun 1948

Capital: Palanpur Population: 315,855 (1941)
State Forces/Troops:
60 (1939)

Salute: 13 guns

1597                       Palanpur state founded.
1809                       British protectorate (confirmed in 1813).
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
10 Jun 1948                Merged into Bombay (from 1 May 1960, Gujarat).

Rulers (title Diwan)
1688 - 1704                Firuz Kamal Khan (2nd time)        (b. 16.. - d. 1704)
1704 - 1708                Kamal Khan                         (b. 16.. - d. 1708)
1708                       Fateh Khan (usurper)
1708 - 1719                Firuz Khan II                      (d. 1719)

1719 - 1732                Karim Dad Khan                     (d. 1732)
1732 - 1743                Pahar Khan II                      (d. 1743)
1743 - 1768                Bahadur Khan                       (d. 1768)
1768 - 1781                Salim Khan                         (d. 1781)
1781 - 1788                Shir Khan                          (d. 1788)
1788 - 1793                Mubariz Khan II
1793 - 1794                Shamsher Mohammad Khan (1st time)  (d. 1834)
1794 - 1812                Firuz Khan III                     (b. 17.. - d. 1812)
1812 - 1813                Fateh Mohammad Khan (1st time)     (b. 1799 - d. 1854)
1813 - 22 Dec 1813         Shamsher Mohammad Khan (2nd time)  (s.a.)
                             (then regent for successor to 10 Oct 1817)
22 Dec 1813 - 11 Jul 1854  Fateh Mohammad Khan (2nd time)     (s.a.)
11 Jul 1854 - 28 Aug 1878  Zorawar Mohammad Khan              (b. 1822 - d. 1878)
28 Aug 1878 - 1910         Zobdat al-Molk Shir Mohammad Khan  (b. 1852 - d. 1918)
                             (from 2 Jan 1893, Zobdat al-Molk Sir Shir Mohammad Khan)
Rulers (title Nawab Sahib)

1910 - 28 Sep 1918         Zobdat al-Molk Sir Shir Mohammad   (s.a.)
                             Khan
28 Sep 1918 - 10 Jun 1948  Zobdat al-Molk Taley Mohammad Khan (b. 1883 - d. 1957)
                             (administrator from 1 Aug 1912)
                             (from 1 Jan 1932, Zobdat al-Molk Sir Taley Mohammad Khan)

Wazirs (chief ministers)
c.1890 - 22 Sep 1891       Khan Saheb Gulam Mustaffa
13 Dec 1891 - Jul 1901     Dullabhji Daramshi Ved
Jul 1901 - 22 Jun 1912     Ranchhodlal Vandravandas Patwari
22 Jun 1912 -  1 Aug 1912  Odhabji Gellabhai (acting)
 1 Aug 1912 - 28 Feb 1913  Parshuram Balvantrao Junnarkar
 1 Mar 1913 - 31 Jan 1914  Chunilal Jethabhai Patel (acting)
 1 Feb 1914 - 1921/2?      Ali Mohammed Khan Dehlavi
c.1928 - c.Sep 1937        D.V. Patwari (1st time)(acting) 
 1 Mar 1938 -  1 Jan 1941  Shankar K. Nayampalli              (b. 1883 - d. 19..)
 1 Jan 1941 - 28 Feb 1941  D.V. Patwari (2nd time)(acting)
 1 Mar 1941 – af.1946      Jagannath Ravji Dhurandhar         (b. 1884 - d. 19..)



Paldeo

Capital: Nayagaon Population: 9,820 (1941)
State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: None

1812                       Paldeo state, formerly an estate, a British protectorate.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
 4 Apr 1948                Merged into Vindhya Pradesh (on 26 Jan 1950 transferred
                             to Uttar Pradesh).

Rulers (title Chaube)

1812 - 1840                Dariao Singh                       (d. 1840)
1840                       Nathu Ram
1840 - Oct 1842            Raja Ram                           (d. 1842)
1842 - 1865                Sheo Prasad                        (d. 1865)
1865 -  2 Apr 1874         Mukund Singh                       (d. 1874)
 2 Apr 1874 - 1891         Aniruddh Singh                     (b. 1837 - d. 1891)
                             (personal style of Rao from 1877)
1891 - 1894                Narayan Das                        (b. 1836 - d. 1894)
16 Feb 1894 -  2 Oct 1923  Jagat Rai                          (b. 1865 - d. 1923)
                            
(personal style Rao Bahadur from 1 Jan 1903)
 3 Oct 1923 -  4 Apr 1948  Shiva Prasad                       (b. 1908 - d. 1954)



Palitana

[Palitana state to 1948
                  (India)]

Capital: Palitana Population: 76,432 (1941)
State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: 9 guns

1194                       Palitana state founded.
1807                       British protectorate.
29 Aug 1905 - 27 Nov 1919  British India administration.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
15 Feb 1948                Merged into Saurashtra (from 1 May 1960, Gujarat).

Rulers (title Thakur Sahib)
1697 - 1734                Prithvirajji Kandhaji
1734 - ....                Nonghanji III Prithvirajji
.... - 1766                Sartanji II Nonghanji 
1766 - 1770                Alubhai
1770 - 1820                Undaji Nonghanji
1820 - 1840                Kandhaji IV Undaji
1840 - 1860                Nonghanji IV Kandhaji
1860 (8 months)            Pratapsinghji Nonghanji            (d. 1860)
 1 Jun 1860 - Nov 1885     Sursinhji Pratapsinghji            (b. 1844 - d. 1885)
24 Nov 1885 - 29 Aug 1905  Mansinhji Sursinhji                (b. 1863 - d. 1905)
                            
(from 1 Jan 1896, Sir Mansinhji Sursinhji)
29 Aug 1905 - 15 Feb 1948  Bahadursinhji Mansinhji            (b. 1900 - d. 1964)

                            
(from 1 Jan 1930, Sir Bahadursinhji Mansinhji;
                             personal style Maharaja from 1944)
29 Aug 1905 - 17 Jan 1912 
William Courtenay Tudor-           (b. 1877 - d. 19..)
                             Owen -Regent (1st time)

18 Jan 1912 -  2 Jun 1916  Henry Stuart Strong -Regent        (b. 1873 - d. 1949)
 6 Jun 1916 - 26 Nov 1919 
William Courtenay Tudor-           (s.a.)
                             Owen -Regent (2nd time)
13 Jul 1918 - 19 Jul 1918  J.R.B.G. Carter (acting for Owen)
20 Jul 1918 -  9 Aug 1918  T.A.F.R. Oldfield (acting for Owen)
10 Aug 1918 -  6 Nov 1918  H. Harrison (acting for Owen)

Dewan (chief minister)
c.1930 - 1939              Mulrajsinhji Ramsinhji



Pañjab (Punjab)

[Flag of the
                          Sikh Empire 1799-1849]
1799 - 1849
[Punjab (Panjab)
                      c.1830-1839 National flag (India)]
c.1830 - 1839  National Flag
Map of Pañjab (Punjab) 1805
Capital: Lahaur (Lahore)
(summer Dinanagar)
Population: 9,153,000 (1851)

28 Jan 1757                Annexed to
Afghanistan.
 7 Apr 1799                The Sikh military organization (Khalsa) occupies Lahaur (Lahore).
12 Apr 1801                Pañjab (Punjab) state established.
1816 - 17 Jun 1822         Jammu annexed to the Punjab.
 5 Jul 1819 - 15 Mar 1846  Kashmir annexed to the Punjab.
 
6 May 1834                Peshawar annexed to the Punjab.
 9 Mar 1846                British protectorate (as state of Lahore) by the Treaty of Lahore.

22 Feb 1849                Ruler deposed.
 8 Apr 1849                Punjab incorporated into British India.
15 Aug 1947                Punjab partitioned between India (Amritsar) and Pakistan (Lahore).

Maharajas
12 Apr 1801 - 27 Jun 1839  Ranjit Singh                       (b. 1780 - d. 1839)
27 Jun 1839 -  5 Nov 1840  Kharak Singh                       (b. 1802 - d. 1840)
 5 Nov 1840 - 17 Nov 1840  Nau Nihal Singh                    (b. 1821 - d. 1840)
17 Nov 1840 - 18 Jan 1841  Chand Kaur Kunwar (f)              (b. 1802 - d. 1841)
                             (styled Mai to 2 Dec 1840, then Maharani Malika Makkadas)
18 Jan 1841 - 15 Sep 1843  Shir Singh                         (b. 1807 - d. 1843)
17 Sep 1843 - 22 Feb 1849  Dhalip Singh                       (b. 1838 - d. 1893)
17 Sep 1843 - Dec 1846     Maharani Jind Kaur (f) -Regent     (b. 1817 - d. 1863)
Dec 1846 -  4 Mar 1848     Henry Montgomery Lawrence -Regent  (b. 1806 - d. 1857)
Mar 1848 - 29 Mar 1849     Frederick Currie -Regent           (b. 1799 - d. 1875)

Wazirs (chief ministers)
1811 - 1818                Jamadar Khushal Singh              (d. 1844)
1818 - Dec 1840            Dhian Singh Dogra (1st time)       (d. 1843)
18 Jan 1841 - 15 Sep 1843  Dhian Singh Dogra (2nd time)       (s.a.)
17 Sep 1843 - 21 Dec 1844  Hira Singh Dogra                   (b. 1816 - d. 1844)
14 May 1845 - 21 Sep 1845  Jawahar Singh Aulakh               (b. 1814 - d. 1845)
 
8 Nov 1845 - 27 Jan 1846  Raja Lal Singh                     (d. 1866)
27 Jan 1846 - 15 Mar 1846  Gulab Singh, Raja of Jammu         (b. 1792 - d. 1857)

British Residents (to 1 Jan 1847, Agents) in Lahore
 9 Mar 1846 -  4 Mar 1848  Henry Montgomery Lawrence          (s.a.)
Mar 1848 - 29 Mar 1849     Frederick Currie                   (s.a.)



Panna

[Panna to 1948? (India)]

Capital: Panna Population: 231,170 (1941)
State Forces/Troops:
 140 (1939)

Salute: 11 guns

c.1450                     Predecessor state founded.
1731                       Panna state founded.
 4 Feb 1807                British protectorate.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
 4 Apr 1948                Merged into Vindhya Pradesh (from 1 Nov 1956, merged
                             into Madhya Pradesh).

Rajas
1675 - 1731                Chhatrasal
1731 - 1739                Hardesah Singh                     (d. 1739)
1739 - 1752                Sabha Singh                        (d. 1752)
1752 - 1758                Aman Singh                         (d. 1758)
1758 - 1777                Hindupat Singh                     (d. 1777)
1777 - 1779                Anirudh Singh                      (d. 1779)
1779 - 1785                interregnum
1785 - 1798                Dhokal Singh
1798 - 1834                Kishor Singh                       (d. 1834)
1834 - 1849                Harbans Rai
1849 - 1869                Nirpat Singh                       (d. 1870) 
Maharajas
1869 - Jun 1870            Nirpat Singh                       (s.a.) 
 9 Jun 1870 - 1893         Rudra Pratap Singh                 (b. 1848 - d. 1893)
                             (from 1 Jan 1876, Sir Rudra Pratap Singh)
1893 -  9 Mar 1898         Lokpal Singh                       (d. 1898)
 9 Mar 1898 - 22 Apr 1902  Madho Singh                        (d. af.1925)
20 Jun 1902 -  4 Apr 1948  Yadvendra Singh                    (b. 1893 - d. 1963)
                             (from 1 Jan 1922, Sir Yadvendra Singh)

Dewan (chief minister)
c.1930 - 1939              Thakur Biswanath Singh
Vice-President of the State Council
(chief minister)
c.1939                     Raghavendra Singh Ju Deo



Partabgarh (Pratapgarh)

[Partabgarh (to
                          1877)(India)]
to 1877
[Partabgarh
                          1877-1948 (India)]
1877 - 25 Mar 1948
Capital: Partabgarh Population: 91,967 (1941)
State Troops: 10 (1939)
Salute: 15 guns

c.1425                     Kanthal state founded.
1698                       Renamed Partabgarh (Pratapgarh) after new capital.
 5 Oct 1818                British protectorate (by treaty).
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
25 Mar 1948                Merged into Rajasthan.

Rulers (title Maharawat)
1674 - 30 Nov 1708         Pratap Singh                        (b. 16.. - d. 1708)
1708 - 1717                Prithvi Singh                       (d. 1717)
1717 - 1718                Sangram Singh                       (d. 1718)
1718 - 1723                Umaid Singh                         (d. 1723)
1723 - 1758                Gopal Singh                         (d. 1758)
1758 - 26 Oct 1775         Salim Singh                         (d. 1775)
26 Oct 1775 -  5 Jan 1844  Sawant Singh                        (b. 1767 - d. 1844)
 5 Jan 1844 - 30 Mar 1864  Dalpat Singh                        (b. 1808 - d. 1864)
30 Mar 1864 - 15 Feb 1890  Udai Singh                          (b. 1848 - d. 1890)
15 Feb 1890 - 18 Jan 1929  Raghunath Singh                     (b. 1857 - d. 1929)
                             (from 12 Dec 1911, Sir Raghunath Singh)
18 Jan 1929 - 25 Mar 1948  Ram Singh II                        (b. 1908 - d. 1949)
                             (from 1 Jan 1918, Sir
Ram Singh II)

Dewans (chief ministers)
 1 Jun 1929 - c.1930       F.C. Coventry
193. - 1939                Shah Manaklal Ratanlal
1939 - 1942                Tribhovandas J. Raja                (b. 1893 – d. 19..)
bf.1944 - af.1946          Kunwar Vishwanath Singh



Pataudi
 
[Pataudi, to
                          1940 (India)]
to 1940
[Pataudi
                          1940-1948 (India)]
1940 - 7 Apr 1948
Capital: Pataudi Population: 21,520 (1941)
State Troops: 80 (1939)
Salute: None

1804                       Pataudi state founded, a British protectorate.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
 7 Apr 1948                Merged into East Punjab.

Rulers (title Nawab)
1804 - 1829                Fa´iz Talab Khan                   (d. 1829)
1829 -  3 Mar 1862         Akbar `Ali Khan                    (d. 1862)
1862 - 1867                Mohammad `Ali Taqi Khan            (d. 1867?)
1867 - Mar 1878            Mohammad Mokhtar Hosayn `Ali Khan  (b. 1856 - d. 1878)
1867 - May 1867            Asgar Ali Khan -Regent
May 1867 - 18..            Safdar Hosein Khan -Regent
30 Mar 1878 - 1898         Mohammad Momtaz Hosayn `Ali Khan   (b. 1874 - d. 1898)

30 Mar 1878 - 1898         Regency (managers)
                           - Pandit Kishen Lal (to c.1882)
                           - Kasim Ali Khan (
1896-Dec 1905)   (d. 1905)
 8 Dec 1898 - 1913         Mohammad Mozaffar `Ali Khan        (b. 1863 - d. 1913)

1913 - 30 Nov 1917         Mohammad Ebrahim `Ali Khan         (b. 1887 - d. 1917)
30 Nov 1917 -  7 Apr 1948  Mohammad Eftekhar `Ali Khan        (b. 1910 - d. 1952)
30 Nov 1917 - 10 Dec 1931  .... -Regent

Dewans (chief ministers)
c.1890                     Pandit Kishan Lal (manager)
c.1893                     Mohammad Mumtaz Hussain Khan
                             (manager)
1911 - 1912                Mirza Muhammad Hussain Khan
                             (adviser)
1912 - c.1917              Khan Bahadur Mir Muhammad Nasir    (b. 1847 - d. 1933)
                             Ali Khan (adviser to 1913)
c.1940 - 1946?             Sheikh Alam Ali



Patdi

Capital: Patdi Population: 3,147 (1941)
State Troops:
None (1939)

Salute: None

c.1484                     Viramgam state founded.
1741                       Viramgam lost to Baroda; capital transferred to Patdi.
1807/08 - 1948             Part of the Eastern Kathiawar semi-jurisdictional states
                             (see under Lakthar).
10 Jul 1943 - 17 Aug 1947  Attached (British jurisdictional authority granted) to Baroda.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
15 Feb 1948                Merged into Saurashtra.
 1 Nov 1956                Part of Bombay (from 1 May 1960, Gujarat).

Rulers (title Desai Shri)
.... - ....                Bhamjibhai
.... - ....                Udekaramji
.... - ....                Bhavsimhji
.... - 1796                Nathubhai
1796 - 1809                Vakhatsimji Nathubhai 
1809 - ....                Harisimhji
.... - ....                Arbhamji Harisimhji
.... - ....                Kubersimji Vakhatsimhji
1848 - 1875                Jorawarsimhji
1875 - 1884                Himmatshimji Jorawarsimhji
10 Jul 1884 -  5 Aug 1913  Surajmalji Jorawarsimhji           (b. 1848 - d. 1913)
 5 Aug 1913 - 25 Oct 1928  Daulatsimhji Surajmalji            (b. 1881 - d. 1928)
25 Oct 1928 -  2 Jan 1940  Raghuvirsimhji Daulatsimhji        (b. 1926 - d. 1940)
1928 - 1940                Regents
                           (as of 1939: Bai Shree Shangarbai [f])
 2 Jan 1940 - 17 Dec 1941  Naransimhji Chandrasimhji          (b. 1873 - d. 1941)
17 Dec 1941 - 15 Feb 1948  Pratapsimhji Naransimhji           (b. 1895 - d. 1978)

Karbharis (state managers)
c.1904 - c.1921            Magganlal Ranchhoddas Patel
c.1942                     Bhanusimhji

c.1944                     H.K. Doshi



Pathari

Capital: Pathari Population: 4,171 (1941)
State Troops: 40 (1939)
Salute: None

1794                       Pathari estate (jagir) founded.
1807
                      Pathari a British protectorate, but remains part of Gwalior
                             as a "guaranteed estate".
1928                       Separate status from Gwalior and direct relations with the estate
                             recognized by the British.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
 1 Jul 1948                Merged into Madhya Bharat (after founding of the state).

Rulers (title Nawab)
1794 - 1859                Haydar Mohammad Khan
1859 - 1913                `Abd al-Karim Khan                  (b. 1850 - d. 1913)
1859 - 1872                ....-Regent
31 Jul 1913 - 1941         Mohammad `Abd ar-Rahim Khan         (b. 1872 - d. 1941)
1941 -  1 Jul 1948         Mohammad Shareh (Shara) Khan        (b. 1906 - d. 1956)



Patiala

[Patiala
                          state flag to 1948 (India)]
State Flag to 15 Jul 1948
[Patiala
                          (Variant) to 1948 (India)]
Variant
Map of Patiala Capital: Patiala
---------------------
Anthem
"Deg Tegh Fateh"

Population: 1,936,259 (1941) State Forces/Troops:
2,700 (1939)
Salute: 17 guns

29 Mar 1761                Patiala state founded.
 9 Feb 1809                British protectorate.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
15 Jul 1948                Merged into Patiala and Eastern Punjab States Union
                             (from 1 Nov 1956, Punjab)

Maharajas
29 Mar 1761 - 22 Aug 1765  Ala Singh                          (b. 1691 - d. 1765)
22 Aug 1765 - 1767         Amar Singh                         (b. 1748 - d. 1781)
Rulers (title Raja-e Rajgan)
1767 -  5 Feb 1781         Amar Singh                         (s.a.)
Feb 1781 - 1810            Sahib Singh                        (b. 1774 - d. 1813)
Rulers (title Maharaja-e Rajgan)
1810 - 26 Mar 1813         Sahib Singh                        (s.a.)
26 Mar 1813 - 23 Dec 1845  Karam Singh                        (b. 1797 - d. 1845)
26 Mar 1813 - Oct 1823     Maharani Aus Kaur (f) -Regent      (b. 1772 - d. af.1823)
23 Dec 1845 - 13 Nov 1862  Narendra Singh                     (b. 1823 - d. 1862)
                             (from 25 Jun 1861, Sir Narendra Singh)
13 Nov 1862 - 14 Apr 1876  Mohendra Singh                     (b. 1852 - d. 1876)
                             (from 28 May 1870, Sir Mohendra Singh)
13 Nov 1862 - 26 Feb 1870  Jagdish Singh -Regent
                             (chairman of regency council)
14 Apr 1876 -  9 Nov 1900  Rajendra Singh                     (b. 1872 - d. 1900)
                             (from 21 May 1898, Sir Rajendra Singh)
14 Apr 1876 - Oct 1890     Sir Deva Singh -Regent             (b. 1834 - d. 1890)
                             (chairman of regency council)
 9 Nov 1900 - 23 Mar 1938  Bhupindra Singh                    (b. 1891 - d. 1938) 
                             (from 12 Dec 1911, Sir Bhupindra Singh)
 9 Nov 1900 - 30 Sep 1909  Sardar Gurmukh Singh -Regent
                             (chairman of regency council)
23 Mar 1938 - 15 Jul 1948  Yadavindra Singh                   (b. 1913 - d. 1974)
                             (from 1 Jan 1942, Sir Yadavindra Singh)

Wazirs (chief ministers)
17.. - 1764                Bhai Gurbakhsh Singh               (d. 1764)
c.1765                     Sardar Seda Singh
c.1774 - 21 Nov 1791       Nanumal or Nannu Mal               (d. 1791)
1792 - 1793                Mir Ilahi Bakhsh                   (d. 1793)
1793 - 1801                Sahib Kaur (f)                     (b. 1771 - d. 1801)
c.1808                     Sardar Chain (Chen Singh)
1812 - 1813                Gurdial (for Sahib Singh)
1812? - Oct 1818           Misr Naudha (for the Maharani)     (d. 1818)
1818 - c.1823              Barkat Ali Khan (for Karam Singh)
1818 - Oct 1823            Rup Chund (for the Maharani)

c.1858                     Jagdesh Singh Motando
Prime ministers
bf.1873                    Khalifa Syad Muhammad Hassan       (d. 1895)
                             (1st time)
1873 - 1890                Sir Deva Singh                     (s.a.)

189. - 1895                Khalifa Syad Muhammad Hassan       (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
189. - 1910                Raja Gurdit Singh

                             (from 30 Sep 1909, chief secretary)
1910 - Jul 1913            Zulfikar Ali Khan                  (b. 1873 - d. 1933)
1913? - 1916?              Gurnam Singh                       (b. 1866 - d. 1946)
17 Jul 1916 - 1925         Sir Daya Kishen Kaul               (b. 1872 - d. 1943)
1925? - 1930?              Maulana Ahmad Ali
1930 - 1941                Liaquat Hayat Khan                 (b. 1887 - d. 1948)
                             (from 1933, Sir Liaquat Hayat Khan)
1941                       Sir Jogendra Singh                 (b. 1877 - d. 1946)
1941 - 1944                Sardar D.K. Sen                    (b. 1897 - d. 19..)

Mar 1944 - 1946            Hardit Singh Malik                 (b. 1892 - d. 1985)
1946 - 1947                Gian Singh Rarewala                (b. 1901 - d. 1979)
1947 - 1948                Gurdial Singh Harika

British Agents to the Governor-General for the North-West Frontier (in Ludhiana)
1810 - 1823                Sir David Ochterlony               (b. 1758 - d. 1825)
1823 - 1839                Claude Martin Wade                 (b. 1794 - d. 1861)
1839 - 1843                George Russell Clerk               (b. 1800 - d. 1889)
1844 - 1845                George Broadfoot                   (b. 1807 - d. 1845)
1846 - 1848                Henry Montgomery Lawrence          (b. 1806 - d. 1857)
British Political Agents for Phulkian
States Agency (in Patiala)
16 Jan 1901 – Nov 1901     Frank Popham Young                 (b. 1863 - d. 1940)

Nov 1901 - Apr 1903        Leopold John Herbert Grey          (b. 1840 - d. 1903)
Apr 1903 – 20 Mar 1905     James Robert Dunlop-Smith          (b. 1858 – d. 1921)

Mar 1905 – Nov 1905        Louis William Dane                 (b. 1856 – d. 1946)
Nov 1905 – 1910            Charles Mowbray Dallas             (b. 1861 - d. 1936)
Mar 1908 - 1909            C.P. Thompson (acting for Dallas)
Aug 1910 - Jun 1913        Charles Herbert Atkins             (b. 1870 - d. 1955)
Jun 1913 – Nov 1913        Charles Alfred Elliott (acting)    (b. 1835 - d. 1911)
1913 – 1916                Bertrand Evelyn Mellish Gurdon     (b. 1867 – d. 1949)
31 Aug 1916 -  5 Apr 1919  Leslie Maurice Crump (1st time)    (b. 1875 - d. 1929)
 6 Apr 1919 - 11 Oct 1919  Thomas Millar (acting)
12 Oct 1919 -  2 Jun 1920  Leslie Maurice Crump (2nd time)    (s.a.)
 2 Jun 1920 - 
1 Nov 1921  A C. Elliott (acting to 17 Nov 1920)
Agents to the Governor-general (from 1 Apr 1937, Residents) for Punjab States
(in Lahore)
(as of 1947, in charge of the Punjab states¹ and the Punjab Hill States Agency)
 1 Nov 1921 - 1925         Alfred Beckett Minchin             (b. 1870 - d. 1939)
Feb 1925 - 1927            Henry Beauchamp St. John           (b. 1874 - d. 1954)
                             (acting to Dec 1925)
23 Oct 1927 - Oct 1935     James Alexander Ossory Fitzpatrick (b. 1879 - d. 1937)
                             (acting to 16 Oct 1928)
29 Apr 1932 – 1932         Bertrand James Glancy              (b. 1882 - d. 1953)
                             (acting for Fitzpatrick)
 1 Nov 1934 –  3 Apr 1936  Harold Wilberforce-Bell (1st time) (b. 1885 - d. 1956)
                             (acting [for Fitzpatrick to Oct 1935])
 3 Apr 1936 –  1 Oct 1936  Henry William Cumine Robson        (b. 1886 - d. 1942)
                             (acting)
 2 Oct 1936 - 1939         Harold Wilberforce-Bell (2nd time) (s.a.)
                             (acting to Apr 1937)
14 Apr 1939 - 1941         Clarmont Percival Skrine           (b. 1888 - d. 1974)
30 Sep 1941 - 1945         Conrad Corfield                    (b. 1890 - d. 1980)
26 Mar 1945 - 1947         Joseph Herbert Thompson            (b. 1898 - d. 1984)
Indian Regional Commissioners for the East Punjab States (in Simla)
c.1947                     Arun Kumar Bose
c.1948                     Sudhir Ghosh                       (b. 1916 – d. 19..)

  ¹the Punjab states as of 1947: Bahawalpur, Chamba, Dujana, Faridkot, Jind, Kapurthala, Khairpur, Loharu, Maler Kotla, Mandi, Nabha, Pataudi, Patiala, and Tehri-Garhwal.



Patna

[Patna State
                        1946-1948 (India)]
1946 - 1 Jan 1948

Capital: Balangir Population: 632,220
(1941)

State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: 9 guns

c.1191                     Patna state founded.
1803                       British protectorate, ceded by Nagpur as an estate.
1806 - 1826                Restored by the British to Nagpur.
 4 Sep 1867                Patna estate (zamindari) becomes a state.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
 1 Jan 1948                Merged into Orissa.

Maharajas
1685 - 1762                Raisingh Deo
1762 - 1765                Prithviraj Deo
1765 - 1820                Ramchandra Singh Deo I 
1820 - 1848                Bhupal Singh Deo
1848 - Aug 1866            Hiravajra Singh Deo                (d. 1866)
1866 - 1878                Pratap Singh Deo                   (b. 1844 - d. 1878)
25 Nov 1878 - 1895         Ramchandra Singh Deo II            (b. 1872 - d. 1895)
1895 - 1910                Lal Danganjan Singh Deo            (b. 1830 - d. 1910)
 4 Feb 1910 - 1924         Prithviraj Singh                   (b. 1882 - d. 1924)
1924 -  1 Jan 1948         Rajendra Narayan Singh Deo         (b. 1912 - d. 1975)
31 Jul 1926 - 1928/32      A.E.C. McGavin -Superintendent

Chief ministers
c.1914                     Balmakund Bohidar
c.1935                     Shiv Narain
1936 - 1948                Lala Raj Kanwar                    (b. 1882 – d. 19..)


Peshwa's Dominions: see under Satara


Phaltan

[Phaltan to 1948 (India)]

Capital: Phaltan Population: 71,473
 (1941)

State Troops: None (1939)
Constitution
Government of
Phaltan Act
 (14 Sep 1942)
Salute: None

1284                       Phaltan state founded.
1644 - 1651                Occupied by Bijapur.
c.1680 -  5 Apr 1848      
Tributary of Satara.
22 Apr 1820                British protectorate.
 1 Jan 1825 -  3 Sep 1827  Part of Satara.
17 May 1828 -  3 Dec 1841  Part of Satara.
1848                       Phaltan recognized as a state.
17 Nov 1853 - 10 Feb 1860  British India management.
Dec 1882 - Jul 1885        British India management.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
 8 Mar 1948                Merged into Bombay (from 1 May 1960, Maharashtra).

Rulers (title Naik)
1693 - 1748                Janoji Nimbalkar
1748 - 1765                Madhoji Rao Nimbalkar III
1765 - 1767                Rani Sagunabai (f) -Regent         (d. 1791)
                             (de facto to 24 Oct 1791)
1767 - 1774                Sayaji Rao Nimbalkar
1774 - 1777                Maloji Rao Nimbalkar III
1777 -  1 Jan 1825         Jan Rao Nimbalkar II               (d. 1826)
 1 Jan 1825 -  3 Sep 1827  part of Satara
 3 Sep 1827 - 17 May 1828  Bajaji Rao "Naik Nimbalkar" II     (d. 1828) 
17 May 1828 -  3 Dec 1841  part of Satara
 7 Dec 1841 - 26 Mar 1860  Madhoji Rao Jan Rao                (b. 1838 - d. 1916)
                            "Naik Nimbalkar IV"
 3 Dec 1841 - 17 Nov 1853  Sahibjibai "Baya Sahib" (f)-Regent (d. 1853)
26 Mar 1860 - 17 Oct 1916  Mudhoji Rao Jan Rao                (s.a.)

                             (personal title from 1911, Raja)
17 Oct 1916 -  8 Mar 1948  Maloji Rao IV Mudhoji Rao "Nana
                             Sahib Naik Nimbalkar"            (b. 1896 - d. 1978)
                             (title from 1 Jan 1936, Raja)
                             (from 11 Jun 1942, Sir Maloji Rao IV Mudhoji Rao)
 6 Jun 1916 -  6 Jun 1917  G.B. Naralikar -Regent
                             (administrator)

Karbharis
c.1848                     Amrutrao Khanvilkar
c.1855                     Krishnaji Chintaman
Nov 1893 - 1904/05         Shanker Bhalchandra Bapat
1904/05 -  7 Sep 1912      Vasudeo Pandurang Chirputkar
10 Jan 1913 - 15 Nov 1917  L.K. Phansalkar
15 Nov 1917 - 31 Dec 1917  G B. Naralikar (acting)
14 Jan 1918 - c.1921       A.N. Pradhan
c.Oct 1927                 G.V. Joglekar

 7 Jun 1929 -  1 Jun 1930  Keshav Vinayak Godbole             (b. 1889 – d. 19..)
Dewan
and President of the Executive Council

 1 Jun 1930 - 1942         Keshav Vinayak Godbole             (s.a.)
Dewans and Presidents of the Council of Ministers
1942 -  1 Nov 1946         Keshav
Vinayak Godbole             (s.a.)
1946 - 194.                K.B. Keskar


Phulra (Phulera): see Pakistan princely states

Piploda

Capital: Piploda Population: 11,578 (1941)
State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: None

1547                       Piploda founded, from 1818 as a dependency of Jaora.
 
8 Jun 1821                British protectorate, becomes a state (then spelled Peeploda).
1844 – 1923                Piploda admits dependency to Jaora.
1924                       Piploda confirmed by the British as a separate state.
15 Aug 1947                Acceded to India (backdated from 15 Mar 1948).
28 May 1948                Merged into Madhya Bharat (from 1 Nov 1956, Madhya Pradesh).

Rulers (title Thakur; from 1924, Rawat)
.... - ....                Sadal Singh
c.1820/21                  Prithvi Singh
18.. - 18..                Umed Sigh
18.. - 12 Nov 1863         Onkar Singh                        (d. 1863)

30 Nov 1863 - 26 Oct 1888  Dulai Singh              
         (b. 1852 - d. 1888)
 8 Nov 1888 -  4 Nov 1919  Kesri Singh                        (b. 1872 - d. 1919)
 8 Nov 1888 - 1892         Thakur Mokand Singh -Regent
 5 Nov 1919 - 20 Jul 1936  Mangal Singh                       (b. 1893 - d. 1936)
20 Jul 1936 -
28 May 1948  Raghuraj Singh                     (b. 1936)
20 Jul 1936 – 28 May 1948  Regents
                           - Kanwar Dule Singh (c.1939)
                              (superintendent)
                           - Rani Keshav Kumari (f)(c. 1947


Pol: see Vijaynagar



Poonch (Punch)

Capital: Poonch (Punch) Population: 350,570
(1921)

State Forces: None (1921)
Salute: None

c.850                      Poonch (Punch) a sovereign state.
1451                       Sultan of Kashmir overthrows the Hindu raja.
1594                       Poonch (Punch) state restored.
28 Jun 1814 - Aug? 1814    Occupied by Jammu and Kashmir.
Jun 1819                   Annexed by
Jammu and Kashmir.
16 Aug 1852                Poonch ilaqa granted to Moti Singh by Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir.
1901                       Poonch (Punch) estate
(ilaqa) claimed by its ruler to be recognized
                             as a state by British India (the issue was considered by the
                             British and in 1927 and the claim was rejected with finding that
                             Poonch is a feudatory subordinated to Jammu and Kashmir).

28 Jan 1928                Specified to be an estate (
jagir) within Jammu and Kashmir
                             by the Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir.

 2 Jul 1940                Ruler dies and the Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir refuses to seat
                             the Raja-designate Shiv Rattan Dev Sigh (b. 1926 - d. 1966).
18 Jul 1940                Estate (jagir) extinguished by the Maharaja.
Jan 1945                   The widowed Rani Padmavati (d. 1977) flees house arrest with her
                             family for Lahore never to return, thereafter the Kashmir government
                             considers the lineage to have 'exited' Poonch.
24 Oct 1947                Occupied by Pakistan, part of Azad Kashmir.
20 Nov 1948                Divided between India and Pakistan.    

Rajas
1645 - 1700                Fateh Muhammad Khan                (d. 1700)
1701 - 1747                Abdul Rizak Khan                   (d. 1747)
1747 - 1748                Muhammad Zaman                     (d. 1748)
1748 - 1749                Latief Ullah (usurper)
1749 - 1760                Asid Yaar Khan                     (d. 1760)
1760 - 1787               
Rustam Khan (= Ali Gohar)
1787 - 1792                Shahbaz Khan                       (d. 1792)
1792 (months)              Agar Khan
1792 - 1798               
Bahadur Khan                       (d. 1798)
1798 - 1804                Amir Khan (1st time)               (d. 1815)
1804 - 1808                Sherbaz Khan
1808 - 1814                Amir Khan (2nd time)               (s.a.) 
Jun 1814 - Aug? 1814       Mir Baz Khan
1814 - 1815                Amir Khan (3rd time)               (s.a.)
1815 - Jun 1819           
Ruallah Khan
                       (d. 1819?)
Rajas (title
Raja-i-Rajgan Raja Kalan Bahadur)
16 Aug 1852 - 17 May 1892  Moti Singh                         (d. 1892)
17 May 1892 -  9 Sep 1918  Baldeo Singh         
             (b. 1864 - d. 1918)
                             (from 1 Jan 1909, Sir Baldeo Singh)
10 Sep 1918 -  5 Oct 1927  Sukhdev Singh                      (b. 1901 - d. 1927)

Oct 1927 - 28 Jan 1928     Janak Singh -Administrator
28 Jan 1928 -  2 Jul 1940  Jagat Dev Singh                    (b. 1905 - d. 1940)
 2 Jul 1940 - 18 Jul 1940  Baldev Singh Pathania -Guardian    (b. 1897 - d. 1985)


Poona (Pune): see under Satara



Porahat

1205                       Predecessor state of Singhbhum founded.
 1 Feb 1820                British protectorate, recognized as estate (zamindari) of Porahat.
1857 - 1858                Ruler in rebellion against the British.
Jan 1858                   Annexed by British India (part of Bengal, 1912-1936 Bihar and
                             Orissa; from 1936, Bihar).

Rajas
.... - ....                Arjun Singh III
.... - 1767                Amar Singh
1767 - ....                Jagannath Singh IV
.... - ....                Harihar Singh
.... - 1818                Raghubar Singh
1818 - af.1820             Ghanashyam Singh Deo
18.. - 18..                Achuta Singh II
18.. - 1839                Chakradhar Singh
1839 - Jan 1858            Arjun Singh Deo IV                  (b. 1829 - d. 1890)



Porbandar
 
[Porbandar flag
                          c.1877 (India)]
Flag c.1877

[Porbandar
                          state flag to 1948 (India)]
State Flag to 15 Feb 1948
[Porbandar
                          Merchant Flag 1921-1947 (India)]
2 Aug 1921 - 14 Aug 1947 Merchant Flag
Capital: Porbandar Population: 146,648
 (1941)

State Forces/Troops:
260 (1939)

Salute: 13 guns

1193                       State founded by ruler expelled from Morvi.
1307                       State renamed Ranpur.
1574                       State renamed Chhaya.
1785                       State renamed Porbandar.
1807                       British protectorate (confirmed 5 Dec 1809).
1886 - 15 Sep 1900         Administered by British India (Bombay province).
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
15 Feb 1948                Merged into Saurashtra.
 1 May 1960                Part of Gujarat.

Rulers (title Rana)
1699 - 1709                Bhanji Sartanji                    (d. 1709)
1709 - 1728                Khimoji III                        (d. 1728)
1728 - 1757                Vikmatji III Khimoji               (d. 1757) 
1757 - 22 Apr 1813         Sartanji II Vikmatji               (d. 1813)
1804 - 1812                Haloji Sultanji -Regent            (d. 1812)
22 Apr 1813 - 20 Jun 1831  Khimojiraj Haloji                  (d. 1831)
20 Jun 1831 - 21 Apr 1900  Vikramatji Khimojiraj              (b. 1819 - d. 1900)
20 Jun 1831 - 1841         Rani Rupaliba Kunverba (f) -Regent (d. 1841)
21 Apr 1900 - 10 Dec 1908  Bhavsinhji Madhavsinhji            (b. 1867 - d. 1908)
10 Dec 1908 -  1 Jan 1918  Natwarsinhji Bhavsinhji            (b. 1901 - d. 1979)
10 Dec 1908 - 25 Jan 1920  Regents
                           - J.K. Condon (to 28 Apr 1909)
                           - Rao Bahadur Anant Sadashiv Tambe
                              (28 Apr 1909 - 27 Oct 1910)

                           - Vajsurwala Valera                (b. 1873 - d. 19..)
                              (27 Oct 1910 - 5 Aug 1913)

                          
- Bell (6 Aug 1913 - 12 Sep 1913)
                           - F. de B. Hancock                 (d. 1916)
                              (12 Sep 1913 - 5 Apr 1916) 
                           - Anandrai H. Dave
                              (5 Apr 1916 - 1 May 1916)
                           - Edward O'Brien                  
(b. 1872 - d. 1965)
                             
(1 May 1916 - 25 Jan 1920)
Ruler (title Maharaja Rana Sahib Shri)

 1 Jan 1918 - 15 Feb 1948  Natwarsinhji Bhavsinhji            (s.a.)
                             (from 3 Jun 1929, Sir Natwarsimhji Bhavsimhji)
 1 Jan 1918 - 25 Jan 1920 
Edward O'Brien -Regent             (s.a.)

Bombay Administrators
1886 - bf.Apr 1890         Frederick Styles Philpin Lely      (b. 1846 - d. 1934)
bf.Apr 1890 - 16 Oct 1893  Shankar Pandurang Pandit
17 Oct 1893 -  2 Nov 1893  M.T. Lyde (acting)
 3 Nov 1893 - 31 Jul 1896  Willam Thomson Morison             (b. 1860 - d. 19..)
 1 Aug 1896 - 27 Aug 1896  R.S. Pottinger (acting)
28 Aug 1896 - 11 Nov 1897  Henry Osborne Quin                 (b. 1865 - d. 19..)
11 Nov 1897 - 26 Sep 1899  Francis William Snell              (b. 1848 - d. 19..)
26 Sep 1899 - c.Jun 1900   L.L. Fenton

Dewans (chief ministers)
1900 -  1 Dec 1904         Manilal Ajitrai
 1 Dec 1904 - 23 Mar 1906  Morarji Mangalji Pandya
23 Mar 1906 - 10 Dec 1908  Narbheshanker Jivanram Maru (acting)
26 Jan 1920 - 19 Jun 1920  Anadrai H. Dave
19 Jan 1920 - 192.         Virawala Mulu
bf.1924                    Durbar Shri Vira Vala
c.1924 - c.1931            Jadeja Shri Pratapsinhji Ramsinhji
Aug 1934 - 1938            Tribhovandas J. Raja               (b. 1893 – d. 19..)
bf.1939 - af.1942          Pratapsinhji Ramsinhji
c.1944                     Framroz S. Master                  (b. 1881 - d. 19..)
c.1946                     Motabhai S. Jayakar                (b. 1884 – d. 19..)



Pudukkottai

[Pudukkottai c.1940-1948
                (India)]

Capital: Pudukkottai Population: 438,348 
(1941)

State Troops: 130 (1939)
Salute: 11 guns

c.1350                     Pudukkottai state founded under Pallava dynasty.
1680                       New dynasty.
1763                       British protectorate (confirmed in 1806).
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
 3 Mar 1948                Merged into Madras (from 14 Jan 1969, Tamil Nadu).

Rajas
1686 - Apr 1730            Raghunatha Raya Tondaiman          (b. 1641 - d. 1730)
Apr 1730 - 28 Dec  1769    Vijaya Raghunatha Raya Tondaiman   (b. 1713 - d. 1769)
28 Dec 1769 - 30 Dec 1789  Raya Raghunatha Tondaiman          (b. 1738 - d. 1789)
30 Dec 1789 -  1 Feb 1807  Vijaya Raghunatha Tondaiman        (b. 1759 - d. 1807)
 1 Feb 1807 -  4 Jun 1825  Vijaya Raghunatha Raya Tondaiman   (b. 1797 - d. 1825) 
 1 Feb 1807 - 1817         Soiroba Naig -Regent (1st time)
 4 Jun 1825 - 13 Jul 1839  Raghunatha Tondaiman               (b. 1798 - d. 1839)
13 Jul 1839 - 15 Apr 1886  Ramachandra Tondaiman              (b. 1829 - d. 1886)
                             (personal style Maharaja 16 Feb 1870 - 18 Dec 1873)
13 Jul 1839 - 14 Oct 1839  T. Macleane -Regent
14 Nov 1839 - 20 Mar 1841  Archibald Douglas -Regent
15 Apr 1841 - Dec 1841     W.H. Bayley -Regent
1841 - 1844                Soiroba Naig -Regent (2nd time)
15 Apr 1886 - 28 May 1928  Martanda Bhairava Tondaiman        (b. 1875 - d. 1928)
                             (from 1 Jan 1913, Sir Martanda Bhairava Tondaiman)
15 Apr 1886 - 27 Nov 1894  A. Seshayya Sastri -Regent
Oct 1922 - 24 Oct 1928     Raghunatha Pallavarayar -Regent    (b. 1872 - d. 1930)
                             (1st time)
24 Oct 1928 - 
3 Mar 1948  Rajagopala Tondaiman               (b. 1922 - d. 1997)
24 Oct 1928 - 28 Feb 1929  Raghunatha Pallavarayar -Regent    (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
28 Feb 1929 - Nov 1931     Thodla Raghavaiah -Regent
                             (president of the Council of Administration)
Nov 1931 - Jan 1934        Benjamin George Holdsworth -Regent (b. 1892 - d. 1949)

                             (administrator)
Jan 1934 - Jan 1944        Sir Alexander Loftus Tottenham     (b. 1873 - d. 1947)
                             -Regent (administrator)

Dewans (chief ministers)
Aug 1878 - 24 Nov 1894     Amaravati Seshayya Sastri          (b. 1828 - d. 1903)
Nov 1894 - Feb 1899        R. Vedantacharlu
Feb 1899 - Mar 1909        S. Venkataramadas Nayudu
1909 - Feb 1929            Raghunatha Pallavarayar            (s.a.)
Oct 1922 - 24 Oct 1928     P.K. Kunhunni Menon
                             (acting for Ragunatha Pallavarayar)
28 Feb 1929 -  4 Mar 1931  Gangadhara Ganapati Sastriar       (b. 1876 – d. 19..)
Mar 1931 – Jan 1944        the regents
Jan 1944 - 13 Dec 1946     Sir Alexander Loftus Tottenham     (s.a.)
Dec 1946 – Sep 1947        P. Khalifullah Sahib               (b. 1888 – d. 1950)
Sep 1947 -  3 Mar 1948     Cherubala Pathayapura Karunakara
                             Menon                            (b. 1891 - d. 1976)


Pune (Poona): see under Satara
Punjab: see Pañjab

Radhanpur

Capital: Radhanpur Population: 67,691 (1941)
State Forces/Troops:
90 (1939)

Salute: 11 guns

1753                       Radhanpur state founded.
16 Dec 1813                British protectorate.
 1 Jul 1909 - 27 Nov 1910  British India administration.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
10 Jun 1948                Merged into Bombay (from 1 May 1960, Gujarat).

Rulers (title Nawab)
30 Mar 1753 - 1765         Jawan Mard Khan II                 (d. 1765)
1765 - 1787                Muhammad Najm ad-Din Khan          (d. 1787)
1787 - 11 May 1813         Muhammad Ghazi ad-Din Khan         (b. 17.. - d. 1813)
11 May 1813 - 1825         Muhammad Shir Khan I               (b. 1794 - d. 1825)
                           - jointly with following -
11 May 1813 – 1815         Muhammad Kamal ad-Din Khan II      (b. 1805 - d. 1815)
1825 -  9 Oct 1874         Muhammad Jorawar Shir Khan         (b. 1822 - d. 1874)
1825 - 1838                Sardar Bibi Sahiba (f) -Regent
 9 Oct 1874 - 20 Dec 1895  Mohammad Bismillah Khan            (b. 1843 - d. 1895)
20 Dec 1895 - 25 Feb 1910  Mohammad Shir Khan II              (b. 1886 - d. 1910)
20 Dec 1895 - 17 Apr 1896  Willie Beale -Regent
                             (administrator)
17 Apr 1896 - 11 Jul 1900  Malcolm Thomas Lyde -Regent        (b. 1852 - d. 1900)
                             (administrator)
13 Jul 1900 - Dec 1901     George B
oodric O'Donnell -Regent   (b. 1853? - d. 1919)
Dec 1901 - Aug 1903        Frederick William Wodehouse -Regent(b. 1867 - d. 1961)
                             (administrator)
11 Nov 1902 -  2 Feb 1903  H.F. Jacob -Regent
                             (acting for Wodehouse)
Oct 1903 - 13 Apr 1907     Norman Sinclair Coghill -
Regent    (b. 1869 - d. 1936)
                             (administrator)
 6 May 1906 -  1 Mar 1907  C.F. Harold
-Regent
                            
(acting for Coghill)
 1 Mar 1907 - 13 Apr 1907  W.M.P. Wood -Regent
                             (acting for Coghill)
 
1 Jul 1909 -  2 Apr 1910  Abdullamia O. Koreishi -Regent
                             (administrator)
25 Feb 1910 -  4 Dec 1936  Mohammad Jalal ad-Din Khan         (b. 1889 - d. 1936)

                             (from 1 Jan 1935, Sir Mohammad Jalal ad-Din Khan)
 
2 Apr 1910 -  1 Feb 1912  John Monteath -Regent              (b. 1878 - d. 1955)
                             (regent to 27 Nov 1910, then administrator)
 1 Feb 1912 -  9 Feb 1913  Lionel Edward Lang -Regent         (b. 1885 - d. 1956)
                             (acting administrator)
 4 Dec 1936 - 10 Jun 1948  Mortaza Khan                       (b. 1899 - d. 1982)

Dewans (chief ministers)
bf.Apr 1893 - 19 Nov 1895  Syed Bawamia P.
12 Dec 1895 - 17 Apr 1896  Ardeseer Jamsetji (acting)
17 Apr 1896 - 31 Mar 1898  M.T. Lyde (1st time)(administrator)
 1 Apr 1898 - 28 Nov 1898  Frederick William Wodehouse        (b. 1867 - d. 1961)
                             (1st time) (acting)
28 Nov 1898 - Jul 1899     M.T. Lyde (2nd time)
Jul 1899 -  9 Oct 1899     H.G. Carhngy (acting)
11 Nov 1902 -  2 Feb 1903  H.F. Jacob
 2 Feb 1903 - 13 Apr 1907 
Frederick William Wodehouse        (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
13 Apr 1907 -  1 Jul 1909  Chamanrai Harrai Vora
 9 Feb 1913 - c.Feb 1922   Hargovind Harnarayan Vyas
c.1931 - c.1934            Mahomed Amin Fakih
1936 - 1937                Tribhuvanrai D. Rana               (b. 1870 – d. 19..)
1937 - af.1942             Syed Abdullamia Mohammedmia Kadri  (b. 1888 – d. 19..)
bf.1944 - af.1946          S.M.A. Uraizee



Raigarh

[Raigarh c.1911-1948
                        (India)]
c.1911 - 1 Jan 1948

Capital: Raigarh Population: 312,643    (1941)
State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: None

bf.1625                    Raigarh estate founded.
1804                       British protectorate, ceded by Nagpur as an estate.
1806 - 1826                Restored by the British to Nagpur (not effected).
 4 Sep 1867                Raigarh estate (zamindari) recognized as a state.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
 1 Jan 1948                Merged into Central Provinces (26 Jan 1950 - 1 Nov 2000
                             Madhya Pradesh; from 1 Nov 2000 Chhattisgarh).

Rajas
c.1804                     Jhujhar Singh
bf.1833 - 1862             Deonath Singh                      (d. 1862)
1862 - 1890                Ghanshyaman Singh                  (d. 1890)
1885 - 1894                Rama Saran Ghosh -Manager (regent)
31 Dec 1890 - 22 Mar 1917  Bhup Deo Singh                     (b. 1867 - d. 1917)
                             (personal title from 12 Dec 1911, Raja Bahadur)

22 Mar 1917 - Feb 1924     Natwar Singh                       (b. 1891 - d. 1924)
23 Aug 1924 -  7 Oct 1947  Lal Chakradhar Singh               (b. 1905 - d. 1947)
 7 Oct 1947 -  1 Jan 1948  Lalit Singh                        (b. 1924 - d. 2000)



Rairakhol

Capital: Rairakhol Population: 38,185 (1941)
State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: None

to 18th cent.              Subordinated to Bamra.
1803                       British protectorate, ceded by Nagpur as an estate.
1806 - 1826                Restored by the British to Nagpur.
 4 Sep 1867                Rairakhol estate (zamindari) becomes a state.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
 1 Jan 1948                Merged into Orissa.

Rajas
1825 - 10 Jun 1900         Bishan Chandra Janamuni            (b. 1818/19 - d. 1900)
10 Jun 1900 -  3 Jul 1906  Gaurao Chandra Deo Janamuni        (b. 1870 - d. 1906)
 3 Jul 1906 -  1 Jan 1948  Bir Chandra Jadumani Deo Janamuni  (b. 1894 - d. 1973)


Rajauri (Rajouri)

c.1194                     Rajauri state founded.
21 Oct 1846                Annexed to Jammu and Kashmir.

Rajas
1683 - 1760                Azmatallah Khan                    (b. 1680 - d. 1760)
1760 - 1765                Izzatallah Khan
1765 - 1808                Karmallah Khan                     (b. 17.. - d. 1808)
1808 - 1825                Agarullah Khan                     (d. 1825) 
                             (prisoner in Jammu 1820-1825)
1825 - 21 Oct 1846         Rahimullah Khan                    (b. c.1771 - d. 1847)



Rajgarh

[Rajgarh old flag
                          (India)]
Flag c.1870's
[Rajgarh to 1948
                          (India)]
Flag to 28 May 1948
Capital: Rajgarh Population: 148,609
(1941)

State Troops: 260 (1939)
Salute: 11 guns

bf.1500                    Rajgarh state founded.
1818                       British protectorate.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
28 May 1948                Merged into Madhya Bharat (from 1 Nov 1956, Madhya Pradesh).

Rulers (title Rawat)
1638 - 1697                Mohan Singh                        (d. 1714)
1697 - 1740                Amar Singh 

1740 - 1747                Narpat Singh
1747 - 1775                Jagat Singh
1775 - 1790                Hamir Singh
1790 - 1803                Pratap Singh
1803 - 1815                Prithvi Singh
1815 - 1831                Newal Singh                        (d. 1831)
1831 - 1872                Rawat Moti Singh                   (b. 1814 - d. 1880)
1846 - Nov 1847            Thakur Khok Singh -administrator
Ruler (title Nawab)

1872 - Oct 1880            Mohammad `Abd al-Wasih Khan        (s.a.)
                             (= Rawat Moti Singh)
Rulers (title Rawat)
1880 - 1882                Bakhtawar Singh                    (d. 1882)
 6 Jul 1882 -  1 Jan 1886  Balbhadra Singh                    (b. 1857 - d. 1902)
Rajas
 1 Jan 1886 - Jan 1902     Balbhadra Singh                    (s.a.)
20 Jan 1902 -  9 Jan 1916  Bane Singh                         (b. 1857 - d. 1916)
                             (from 1 Jan 1908, Sir Bane Singh)
10 Jan 1916 - 26 Oct 1936  Birendra Singh                     (b. 1878 - d. 1936)

                             (from 1 Jan 1918, Sir Birendra Singh)
18 Dec 1936 - 28 May 1948  Bikramaditya Singh       
         (b. 1936)
 9 Jun 1936 – 28 May 1948  Regents
                           - Thakur Devi Singh
                             (9 Jun 1936 – 1942)
                             (president of the State Council)
                           - N.K. Lele (1942 – 194.)
                             (president of the State Council)
                           - Rani Songariji (f) (c.1947)
                           - Phiroze Jamshedji Shroff
                             (1947-1948)(administrator)



Rajkot

[Rajkot to 1948 (India)]

Capital: Rajkot Population: 102,951    (1941)
State Troops: 20 (1939)
Salute: 9 guns

c.1620                     Rajkot state founded.
1720 - 1732                Mughal occupation.
1807                       British protectorate.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
15 Feb 1948                Merged into Saurashtra (
Bombay 1 Nov 1956 - 1 May 1960;
                             from 1 May 1960, Gujarat).

Rulers (title Thakur Sahib)
1694 - 1720                Mehramamji II Bamaniaji            (d. 1720)
1720 - 1732                Masum Khan Shughaat-Mughal governor(d. 1732)
1732 - 1746                Ranmalji I Mehramamji              (d. 1746)
1746 - 17..                Lakhaji I Ranmalji (1st time)      (d. 1796)
17.. - 1794                Mehramamji III Lakhaji             (d. 1794)
1794 - 1796                Lakhaji I Ranmalji (2nd time)      (s.a.)
1796 - 1825                Ranmalji II Mehramamji             (d. 1825)

1825 - 1844                Surajji Ranmalji                   (d. 1844)
1844 -  8 Nov 1862         Mehramamji IV Surajji              (d. 1862) 
 8 Nov 1862 - 16 Apr 1890  Bawajiraj Mehrmansinhji            (b. 1856 - d. 1890)
1862 - 1867                Thakurani Bai Shri Naniba          (d. 1893)
                             Kunverba (f) -Regent
1867 - 17 Jan 1876         John H. Lloyd -Regent
16 Apr 1890 -  2 Feb 1930  Lakhajiraj III Bawajiraj           (b. 1885 - d. 1930)

                             (from 3 Jun 1918, Sir Lakhajiraj III Bawajiraj)
16 Apr 1890 - 21 Oct 1907
 .... -Regent
 2 Feb 1930 - 11 Jun 1940  Dharmendrasinhji Lakhaji           (b. 1910 - d. 1940)
11 Jun 1940 - 15 Feb 1948  Pradumansinhji                     (b. 1913 - d. 1973)

Dewans (chief ministers)
18.. - 1874                Shri Karasandas Mulji
1874 - 1885                Karamchand Uttamchand Gandhi        (b. 1822 - d. 1885)
1885 - bf.1889             Bawajiraj Mehrmansinhji
bf.1889 - 31 Jan 1898      Motichand Tulsi (karbhari)
31 Jan 1898 - 17 Jul 1899  Ganpatrao Narayan Laud (karbhari)
Jul? 1899 -  8 Jul 1902    Sorabshah Hormasji (karbhari)
 5 Jul 1902 -  1 Dec 1903  Kripashanker Bhagwanji Vyas
                             (karbhari)
 1 Dec 1903 - 16 Mar 1907  Ganpatrao Narayan Laud
16 Mar 1907 - 15 Apr 1907  Madhavla Narayan Mehta
                             (1st time)(acting)
15 Apr 1907 - 19 Sep 1907  Dayashankar B. Munshi              (d. 1907)
19 Sep 1907 - 21 Oct 1907  Madhavla Narayan Mehta
                             (2nd time)(acting)
21 Oct 1907 - 1921         Harjiwan Bhawanbhai Kotak
1921 - 1931                Chunilal Motilal Shroff            (b. 1871 - d. 19..)
Oct 1931 - 12 Sep 1938     Darbar Shri Viravala (1st time)
12 Sep 1938 - Jan 1939     Sir Patrick Robert Cadell          (b. 1871 - d. 1961)
Jan? 1939 - Aug? 1939      Darbar Shri Viravala (2nd time)
1939 - 1941                Nasservanji N. Anklesaria          (b. 1881 – d. 19..)
Nov 1941 - af.1946         Banesinhji J. Jhala                (b. 1908 – d. 19..)

Agents to the Governor-General for Western India States Agency (in Rajkot)‏
10 Oct 1924 - 15 Jul 1926  Charles Cunningham Watson          (b. 1874 - d. 1934)
                             (1st time)
16 Jul 1926 - Nov 1926     Archibald Duncan Macpherson        (b. 1872 - d. 1928)
                             (acting)
21 Nov 1926 - 17 Oct 1927  Charles Cunningham Watson          (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
18 Oct 1927 - 18 May 1928  Edward Herbert Kealy (1st time)    (b. 1873 - d. 1953)
                             (acting to 22 Apr 1928)
19 May 1928 -  2 Apr 1929  Henry Stuart Strong (acting)       (b. 1873 - d. 1949)
 3 Apr 1929 - 23 Oct 1929  Terence Humphrey Keyes (acting)    (b. 1877 - d. 1939)
24 Oct 1929 - 1931         Edward Herbert Kealy (2nd time)    (s.a.)
15 Aug 1931 - 1932         Arthur Henry Eyre Mosse (acting)   (b. 1877 - d. 1943)
17 Aug 1932 - 26 May 1933  Courtenay Latimer (1st time)       (b. 1880 - d. 1944)
                             (acting to 16 Feb 1933)
27 May 1933 - 13 Oct 1933  John Creery Tate (acting)          (b. 1884 - d. 1942)
14 Oct 1933 -  5 Jun 1936  Courtenay Latimer (2nd time)       (s.a.)
 6 Jun 1936 -  1 Apr 1937  John de la Hay Gordon (acting)     (b. 1887 - d. 1959)
 
1 Nov 1936 - 31 Mar 1937  Sir Courtenay Latimer (3rd time)   (s.a.)
Residents for the Western India States
(in Rajkot)‏
 1 Apr 1937 - 10 Oct 1937  Sir Courtenay Latimer              (s.a.)
11 Oct 1937 - 31 Jan 1941  Edmund Currey Gibson (1st time)    (b. 1886 - d. 1974)
                             (acting to 16 May 1939)
 1 Feb 1941 - 14 Mar 1941  Geoffrey Baynton Williams (acting) (b. 1896 - d. 1981)
15 Mar 1941 -  3 Apr 1942  Malcolm Cecil Sinclair (acting)    (b. 1899 - d. 1955)
 4 Apr 1942 - 14 Apr 1942  Roderick Wallis Parkes (acting)    (b. 1909 - d. 1972)
Apr 1942 - Nov 1942        Edmund Currey Gibson (2nd time)    (s.a.)
 2 Nov 1942 -  5 Sep 1944  Philip Gaisford                    (b. 1891 - d. 1973)
                             (acting to 3 Jan 1944)
 6 Sep 1944 -  5 Nov 1944  Cyril Percy Hancock                (b. 1896 - d. 1990)
 5 Nov 1944 – 14 Aug 1947  the residents in Baroda

Indian Regional Commissioner for the Western India and Gujarat States
(in Rajkot)
1947 – 1948                Nilambhai M. Buch                  (b. 1908 – d. 1954)

British Political Agents for Western Kathiawar (in Rajkot; as of 1947, in charge of the
Western Kathiawar states¹; under the Resident for Baroda, Western India and Gujarat states)
Oct 1924 – Sep 1925        Henry Stuart Strong                (b. 1873 - d. 1949)
Oct 1925 – Mar 1927        Arthur Henry Eyre Mosse            (b. 1877 - d. 1943)
Mar 1927 – Nov 1927        Lionel Edward Lang                 (b. 1885 - d. 1956)
Nov 1927 – May 1928        Edmund Currey Gibson               (b. 1886 - d. 1974)
May 1928 – Feb 1929        Arthur Stanley Meek                (b. 1883 - d. 1955)
Feb 1929 – May 1933        John Creery Tate                   (b. 1884 - d. 1942)
May 1933 – Oct 1934        George Patterson Murphy            (b. 1883 - d. 1938)
Oct 1934 – Mar 1936        Cecil Walter Lewery Harvey         (b. 1897 - d. 1958)
Mar 1936 – Apr 1937        Terence Bernard Creagh-Coen        (b. 1903 - d. 1970)
                             (1st time)
Apr 1937 – Jun 1937        Oliver Charles Beauchamp St. John  (b. 1907 – d. 1976)
                             (1st time)
Jun 1937 – Oct 1937        Terence Bernard Creagh-Coen        (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
Oct 1937 – Mar 1938        William le Belward Egerton         (b. 1901 - d. 1947)
Mar 1938 – Jun 1938        Oliver Charles Beauchamp St. John  (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
Jun 1938 – Mar 1939        Clive Kirkpatrick Daly             (b. 1878 - d. 1966)
Mar 1939 – Apr 1940        Arthur John Hopkinson              (b. 1894 – d. 1953)
Apr 1940 - 1941            Geoffrey Baynton Williams          (b. 1896 – d. 1981)
Sep 1941 - 1942            Malcolm Cecil Sinclair (1st time)  (b. 1899 - d. 1955)
Mar 1942 – 1942            Roderick Wallis Parkes             (b. 1909 – d. 1972)
1942 – 1944                Malcolm Cecil Sinclair (2nd time)  (s.a.)
Nov 1944 - 1947            Philip Cotes Hailey                (b. 1903 – d. 1980)
 
  ¹the Western Kathiawar states as of 1947: Dhrol, Gondal, Jafarabad, Junagadh, Nawanagar, Porbandar, Rajkot states, and the Western Kathiawar semi-jurisdictional and non-jurisdictional states)



Rajpipla

[Rajpipla civil flag to 1948
                (India)]

Capital: Rajpipla Population: 249,032 (1941)
State Forces/Troops:
200 (1939)

Salute: 13 guns

c.1360                     Rajpipla state founded.
1815 - 1820                Occupied by Baroda.
11 Oct 1821                British protectorate.
1884 - 1897                State under British civil administration.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
10 Jun 1948                Merged into Bombay (from 1 May 1960, Gujarat).

Rulers (title Raja Maharana)
16.. – bf.1705             Chatrasalji                        (d. bf.1705)
1705 – bf.1715             Mota Verisalji I                   (d. bf.1715)
bf.1715 - 173.             Jitsinhji                          (d. 173.)  
173. - 1754                Gomalsinghji Jitsinhji             (d. 1754)
1754  (6 months)           Dalilsinhji (usurper)
1754 - 1764                Pratapsinhji                       (d. 1764)
1764 - 1786                Raisinhji                          (d. 1786)
1786 - 15 Jan 1803         Ajabsinhji                         (b. 1750 - d. 1803)
1793 – 15 Jan 1803         Naharsinhji -Regent                (b. c.1780 - d. 18..)
15 Jan 1803 - 10 May 1810  Ramsinhji                          (b. 17.. - d. 1810)             
10 May 1810 -  9 Aug 1821  Naharsinhji                        (s.a.)
 9 Aug 1821 – 17 Nov 1860  Varisalji II                       (b. 1808 - d. 1868)
17 Nov 1860 - 10 Jan 1897  Gambhirsinhji Verisalji            (b. 1847 - d. 1897)
Jul 1884 - 10 Jan 1897     British administrators
                           - William Arthur Salmon
                             (Jul 1884 - Feb 1885)
                           - Edward Vincent Stace (1885-1886) (b. 1841 - d. 1903)
                           - Alexander Francis Maconochie     (b. 1862 - d. 1934)
                             (1886-1887, 28 May - 23 Jul 1890)
                           - Alexander Shewan                 (b. 1851 - d. 1941)
                             (Nov 1887 - 23 Oct 1890, 16 Mar 1892 - 30 Jun 1894)
                           - Khan Bahadur Dhanjisha Edalji    (b. 18.. - d. 1913)
                             (23 Oct-17 Nov 1890, 1 Jul-30 Oct 1894, 23 Jul-10 Aug 1895)
                           - Arthur Delaval Younghusband      (b. 1854 - d. 1931)
                             (1888, 17 Nov 1890 - 6 Nov 1891)
                           - Willoughby Pitcairn Kennedy      (b. 1850 - d. 1928)     

                             (6 Nov 1891 - 16 Mar 1892, 30 Oct 1894 - 23 Jul 1895)
                           - Francis William Snell            (b. 1848 - d. 19..)
                             (10 Aug 1895 - 10 Jan 1897)     
10 Jan 1897 - 20 Sep 1915  Chhatrasinhji Gambhirsinhji        (b. 1861 - d. 1915)
                             (from 12 Dec 1911, Sir Chhatrasinhji Gambhirsinhji)
20 Sep 1915 –  1 Jan 1921  Vijayasinhji Chhatrasinhji         (b. 1890 - d. 1951)
Maharaja
 1 Jan 1921 - 10 Jun 1948  Vijayasinhji Chhatrasinhji         (s.a.)
                             (from 1 Jan 1925, Sir Vijayasinhji Chhatrasinhji)

Dewans and (from c.1942) Chief ministers
c.1888 - 1890              Alexander Shewan (1st time)        (s.a.)
1890 - Nov 1891            Arthur Delaval Younghusband        (s.a.)
                             (acting)
Nov 1891 - 15 Mar 1892     Willoughby Pitcairn Kennedy        (s.a.)
                             (1st time)
15 Mar 1892 - 1894         Alexander Shewan (2nd time)        (s.a.)
1894 -  23 Jul 1895        Willoughby Pitcairn Kennedy        (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
23 Jul 1895 - 10 Aug 1895  Khan Bahadur Dhanjisha Edalji      (s.a.)
                             (1st time)(acting)
10 Aug 1895 - 1896?        Francis William Snell              (s.a.)
1896? - 22 Sep 1913        Khan Bahadur Dhanjisha Edalji      (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
 1 Sep 1913 - 17 Jul 1914  Jekishandas Vallabhdas Mehta (acting) 
17 Jul 1914 - c.1919       Sardar Phiroz Hoshang Dastur       (b. 1854 - d. 19..)         
19.. - 1930                Jekisendas Vallabdas Mehta
1930 - af.1946             Peroze Dhanjishah Kothavala        (b. 1886 – d. 19..)



Ramdurg

[Ramdurg to 1948 (India)]

Capital: Ramdurg Population: 40,114 (1941)
State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: None

1744                       Ramdurg estate (jagir), separated from Nargund.
1744 - 1818                Tributary of Satara.
1785 - 1799                Occupied by
Mahisur (Mysore).
1821                       British protectorate, recognized as a state.
1827 - 1829                British India administration.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
 8 Mar 1948                Merged into Bombay (from 1 Nov 1956, Karnataka).

Rulers
(title Rao)
1744 - 1777                Yogirao I Bhave
1777 - 1785                Ramrao I Bhave                     (d. 1800)
1785 - 1799                occupied by Mahisur
1800 - 1827                Narayanrao I Ramrao "Appa Saheb
                             Bhave"                           (d. 1827)
1800 - 1810                Bapurao Ranade -Regent
1827 - 1829                British administration
1826 - 1872                Ramrao II N
arayanrao Bhave         (b. 1815 - d. 1872)      
1829 - 1857                Rani Radhabai (f) -Regent          (d. 1857)
1872 - 1878                Yogirao II "Bapu Saheb" Bhave      (b. 1852 - d. 1878)  
11 Feb 1878 - 30 Apr 1907  Vyankatrao Y
ogirao Bhave           (b. 1877 - d. 1907) 
11 Feb 1878 -  3 Nov 1896  Govind Atmaram Potnis -Regent
                             (1st time)(administrator)
 3 Nov 1896 - 23 Jan 1897  Waman Krishna Date
-Regent         (d. 1897)
                             (administrator)
28 Jan 1897 - 15 Oct 1900  Govind Atmaram Potnis -Regent 
                             (2nd time)(administrator)
30 Apr 1907 -  8 Mar 1948  Ramrao III V
yankatrao "Rao Saheb   (b. 1895 - d. 1950?)
                             Bhave" (from 1944, title Raja
 7 Aug 1907 -  6 Aug 1909  L.R. Golwalkar -Regent
                             (administrator)
 6 Aug 1909 -  4 Dec 1910  Dowlatram Kashiram -Regent
                             (administrator)
 4 Dec 1910 - 21 Jan 1915  Byramji Sorabji -Regent
                            
(administrator)

Dewan (chief minister)
c.1931                     K.G. Gunji Kat
c.1934                     R.K. Rishud
c.1936                     Govind Krishna Gokhale
Jul 1938 - 24 Feb 1939     K.V. Koundinya
24 Feb 1939 - 19..         Mahadeo Narayan Hulyal


Ramnad

1590                       Ramnad state founded.   
1795 - 1803                British occupation.
1803                       Reduced to an estate (zamindari)(part of Madras).

Rajas
1686 - 1710                Raghunatha Sethupati II
1710 - 1725                Muthu Vijayaraghunatha
Sethupati
1725 - 1726                Sundareswara Raghunatha 
Sethupati
1726 - 1729                Bhavani Sankaran
1730 - 1761                Kattaya Thevan
1761 - 1772                Rani Muthu Tiruveya Naiker (f) -Regent
1761 - 1772                Muthu Ramalinga Sethupati I
                             (1st time)
1772 - 1780                ....
Sethupati (f) -Regent
1780 - 1795                Muthu Ramalinga Sethupati I
                             (2nd time)
1795 - 1803                Rani Mangaleswari Nachiyar -Rani (f)



Rampur
 
[Rampur c.1890
                          (India)]
c.1890
[Rampur to 1949
                          (India)]
to 1 Jul 1949
Capital: Rampur Population: 477,042
(1941)

State Forces/Troops:
1,190 (1939)

Salute: 15 guns

1719                       Rohilla state founded at Aonla; becomes known as Rohilkhand.
23 Apr 1774                State destroyed and most of the state annexed by Awadh (Oudh).
13 Oct 1774                Rampur estate (jagir) formed out of parts of R
ohilkhand, granted
                             by and subordinate to Awadh (Oudh).
13 Dec 1794                British protectorate (by treaty).
1801                       Rohilkhand ceded by Awadh to British India; Rampur is
                             subordinated to the British India as an estate (jagir).
1860                       Status of a state confirmed by the British.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
 1 Dec 1949                Merged into United Provinces (from 24 Jan 1950, Uttar Pradesh).

Rulers (title from 1737 Nawab)
1719 - 16 Sep 1749         Ali Mohammad Khan                  (b. 1705? - d. 1749)
16 Sep 1749 - 17 Jul 1794  Faizullah Khan                     (b. 1734 - d. 1793)
                             (prisoner in Afghanistan until 1752)
16 Sep 1749 - 1752?        Sardar Hafiz Rahmat Khan -Regent   (b. 1708/09 - d. 1774)

24 Jul 1793 - 11 Aug 1793  Mohammad Ali Khan                  (b. 1750 - d. 1794)
11 Aug 1793 - 27 Oct 1794  Gholam Mohammad Khan               (b. 1763 - d. 1828)
27 Oct 1794 -  5 Jul 1840  Ahmad Ali Khan                     (b. 1787 - d. 1840)
27 Oct 1794 - 1811         Nasrullah Khan -Regent             (d. 1811)
 5 Jul 1840 -  1 Apr 1855  Mohammad Said Khan                 (b. 1786 - d. 1855)
 1 Apr 1855 - 21 Apr 1865  Mohammad Yusof Ali Khan            (b. 1816 - d. 1865)
                             (from 25 Jun 1861, Sir Mohammad Yusof Ali Khan)
21 Apr 1865 - 23 Mar 1887  Mohammad Kalb Ali Khan             (b. 1834 - d. 1887)

                             (from 31 Dec 1875, Sir Mohammad Kalb Ali Khan)
23 Mar 1887 - 25 Feb 1889  Mohammad Moshtaq Ali Khan          (b. 1856 - d. 1889)

25 Feb 1889 - 20 Jun 1930  Mohammad Hamid Ali Khan            (b. 1875 - d. 1930)

                             (from 1 Jan 1908, Sir Mohammad Hamid Ali Khan)
25 Feb 1889 - Jul 1891     Sahibzada Safdar Ali Khan -Regent  (d. 1893)
                             (president of regency council)
Jul 1891 -  4 Apr 1894     Henry Alexander Vincent -Regent    (b. 1846 - d. 1914)
                             (president of regency council)
20 Jun 1930 -  1 Jul 1949  Mohammad Reza Ali Khan             (b. 1908 - d. 1966)
                             (from 1 Jan 1936, Sir
Mohammad Reza Ali Khan)
Indian Chief Commissioner
 1 Jul 1949 -  1 Dec 1949  Jai Keerath

Vice-Presidents of the State Council of Administration (chief ministers)
1887 - 25 Jan 1889         Azim-ud-din Khan                   (b. 1854 - d. 1891)
1889 – 1894                the Regents
Apr 1894 -  1 Jun 1896     Sahibzada Hamid-uz-Zafar Khan
Ministers (chief ministers)
 1 Jun 1896 - 1900         Mohammad Ishaq Khan                (b. 1860 - d. 1918)
1900 - 24 Nov 1906         Sheikh Abdul Ghafoor               (b. 18.. - d. 1906)
Mar 1907                   Post abolished
Chief ministers and Presidents of the State Council
1930 - 1936                Abdus Samad Khan                   (b. 1874 - d. 1943)
                             (from 1934, Sir Abdus Samad Khan)
1936                       Masudul Hasan
1936 - 1949                Bashir Husain Zaidi                (b. 1898 - d. 1992)



Ranasan

[Ranasan to 1948 (India)]

Capital: Ranasan Population: 5,956 (1941)
State Troops:
None (1939)

Salute: None

1811/12 - 1948             Part of the Sabar Kantha (to 1933, Mahi Kantha) semi-jurisdictional
                             states
(see under Malpur).
10 Jul 1943 - 15 Aug 1947  Attached (British jurisdictional authority granted) to Idar.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
10 Jun 1948                Annexed by India to Bombay (from 1 May 1960, Gujarat).

Rulers (title Thakur)
.... - ....                Rajsinhji
.... - ....                Sursinhji Rajsinhji
.... - ....                Garibdasji Surinhji
.... - ....                Adesinhji Garibdasji
.... - 1768                Bharatsinhji Adesinhji
1768 - 1802                Khumansinhji Bharatsinhji          (d. 1802) 
1802 - 1828                Makansinhji Khumansinhji           (d. 1828)
1828 - 18..                Raisinhji Makansinhji
18.. - 1842                Lalsinhji Narsinhji
1842 - 18..                Sartansinhji Karansinhji
18.. - 1879                Vajesinhji Sartansinhji            (b. 1814 - d. 1879)
1879 -  5 Feb 1890         Hamirsinhji Vajesinhji             (d. 1890)
 5 Feb 1890 - 28 Apr 1914  Kishorsihji Jiwatsinhji            (b. 1869 - d. 1914)
28 Apr 1914 -  5 Aug 1917  Prathisinhji Fatehsinhji           (b. 1881 - d. 1917)
 5 Aug 1917 - 1938         Takhatsinhji Fatehsinhji           (b. 1883 - d. 1938)
 2 Dec 1938 - 10 Jun 1948  Jashwantsinhji Takhatsinhji        (b. 1916 - d. 1964)

Karbhari (state manager)
c.1941                     Manilal S. Trivedi



Ranpur

Capital: Ranpur Population: 51,366 (1941)
State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: None

18th cent. BC              Legendary foundation date of Ranpur.
1803                       British protectorate.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
 1 Jan 1948                Merged into Orissa.

Rajas
1692 - 1727                Ramachandra Narendra
1727 - 1754                Sarangadhar Bajradhar Narendra
1754 - 1789                Narsingh Bajradhar Narendra
1789 - 1821                Brujdaban Bajradhar Narendra
1821 - 1842                Brajsundar Bajradhar Narendra
1842 - 1899                Benudar Bajradhar Narendra          (b. 1817/23 - d. ....)
                             Mahapatra
12 Jul 1899 - 21 Jun 1945  Birbar Krishna Chandra Narendra     (b. 1875 - d. 1945)
                             Mahapatra
21 Jun 1945 -  1 Jan 1948  Brajendra Chandra Sing Deo          (b. 1928 - d. 1980)
                             Bajradhar Narendra Mahapatra
c.1946                     Basanta Manjari Devi (f) -Regent


Ratanmal

Capital: Kanjeta Population: 2,634 (1941)
State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: None

1818                       British protectorate.
1943                       Annexed to Baria state.

Rulers (title Thakur)
18.. - 1877                Abhey Singh                         (d. 1877)
1878 – 1899                Dhirap Singh                        (b. 1878 - d. 1899)
1899 – 1940                Dashrath Singh                      (b. 1892 – d. 1940)
1899 – 19..                Ram Kishan Pant -Supervisor
1940 - 1942                Thakurani .... (f) -Regent          (d. 1942)



Ratlam

[Ratlam to 1948 (India)]

Capital: Ratlam Population: 126,117    (1941)
State Forces/Troops:
210 (1939)

Salute: 13 guns

1652                       Ratlam state founded.
 5 Jan 1819                British protectorate.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
28 May 1948                Merged into Madhya Bharat (from 1 Nov 1956, Madhya Pradesh).

Rajas
1695 - 1706                Chhatrasal                         (d. 1712)
                             (personal style Maharaja)
1706 - Feb 1716            Keshri Singh                       (d. 1716)
Feb 1716 - 1716            Pratap Singh                       (d. 1716)
1716 - 1743                Man Singh                          (d. 1743)
1743 - 1773                Prithvi Singh                      (d. 1773)
1773 - 1800                Padam Singh                        (b. 17.. - d. 1800)
1800 - 1824                Parbat Singh                       (d. 1824)
1824 - 29 Aug 1857         Balwant Singh                      (b. 1814 - d. 1857)
1824 – c.1832              William Borthwick –Regent 
29 Aug 1857 - 27 Jan 1864  Bhairon Singh                      (b. 1839 - d. 1864)
27 Jan 1864 - 20 Jan 1893  Ranjit Singh                       (b. 1860 - d. 1893)
                             (from 15 Feb 1887, Sir
Ranjit Singh)
27 Jan 1864 -  1 Jan 1880  Khan Bahadur Mir Shahamat
                             Ali -Regent
20 Jan 1893 -  1 Jan 1921  Sajjan Singh                       (b. 1880 - d. 1947)
                             (from 25 Jan 1909, Sir Sajjan Singh)
20 Jan 1893 - 15 Dec 1898  Khan Bahadur Cursetji              (b. 18.. - d. 1903)
                             Rustamji
-Regent
Maharajas
 1 Jan 1921 -  3 Feb 1947  Sir Sajjan Singh                   (s.a.)
 3 Feb 1947 - 28 May 1948  Lokendra Singh                     (b. 1927 - d. 1991)

Dewans (chief ministers)
1884 - 1885                Gopalrao Hari Desmukh              (d. 1892)
20 Feb 1885 - May 1888     Shyamji Krishnavarma
1892 - 19 Apr 1903         Khan Bahadur Cursetji              (s.a.)
                             Rustamji
Apr 1903 - c.1907          P. Babu Rao Walewalkar
1912 - 1929                Brij Mohan Zutshi
c.1930                     Kumar Sirdar Singh
 1 Sep 1932 - c.1936       Devshanker J. Dave
c.1939                     Chunilal M. Shroff
c.1941                     Lala Chimman Lall
Chief ministers
1941 - 1942                Sir Seray Mal Bapne                (b. 1882 – d. 1964)
1942 - af.1946             Tribhovandas J. Raja               (b. 1893 – d. 19..)



Rewa (Rewah)
 
[Rewa c.1890
                          (India)]
c.1890

[Rewa flag to 1948
                        (India)]
to 4 Apr 1948

Capital: Rewa Population: 1,820,445 (1941)
State Forces/Troops:
1,030 (1939)

Salute: 17 guns

c.1140                     Rewa state founded.
 5 Oct 1812                British protectorate (by treaty).
 
1 Apr 1875 - 15 Oct 1895  British India administration.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
 4 Apr 1948                Merged into Vindhya Pradesh (from 1 Nov 1956, Madhya Pradesh).

Rajas
1690 - 1700                Anirudh Singh                      (b. 16.. - d. 1700)
1700 - 1755                Avdhut Singh                       (b. 1700 – d. 1755)
1755 - 1809                Ajit Singh                         (b. 17.. - d. 1809)
1809 – 29 Oct 1834         Jai Singh Deo                      (b. 1765 – d. 1834)
29 Oct 1834 – 12 Oct 1854  Vishwanath Singh                   (b. 1789 - d. 1854)
12 Oct 1854 - 1857         Raghuraj Singh                     (b. 1834 - d. 1880)
Maharajas
1857 - 
5 Feb 1880         Raghuraj Singh                     (s.a.)

                            
(from 19 Oct 1864, Sir Raghuraj Singh)
 5 Feb 1880 -  3 Nov 1918  Venkat Raman Singh                 (b. 1876 - d. 1918)

                            
(from 22 Jun 1897, Sir Venkat Raman Singh)
 5 Feb 1880 - 1881         James Cavan Berkeley
-Regent       (b. 1838 - d. 1926)
1881                       Norton Charles Martelli -Regent    (b. 1844 - d. ....)
1881 - 1888                David William Keith Barr
-Regent   (b. 1846 - d. 1916)
Dec 1888 - Nov 1893        Donald Robertson -Regent           (b. 1847 - d. 1930)
Nov 1893 - 15 Nov 1895     Henry Alexander Vincent -Regent    (b. 1846 - d. 1914)
 3 Nov 1918 - 30 Jan 1946  Ghulab Singh                       (b. 1903 - d. 1950)
                            
(from 1 Jan 1927, Sir Ghulab Singh)
                             (forced to reside outside of state Feb 1942-1944)
 
3 Nov 1918 – Apr 1920     Sir Sajjan Singh -Regent (1st time)(b. 1880 - d. 1947)
                            
(ruler of Ratlam)  
Apr 1920 - Mar 1922        Brijmohan Nath Zutshi -Regent      (b. 1877 - d. 1950)
                             (president council of regency)
14 Jul 1919 - 18 Aug 1919  Philip Bannerman Warburton         (b. 1878 - d. 1923)    
                             (acting regent)
Apr 1921 - 26 Mar 1922     Elliott James Dowell Colvin        (b. 1885 - d. 1950)
                             (acting regent)
Mar 1922 -  1 Nov 1922     Sir Sajjan Singh -Regent (2nd time)(s.a.)

Feb 1942 – 1943            Lovell William Wooldridge -Regent  (b. 1901 - d. 1983)
                             (administrator)
30 Jan 1946 -  4 Apr 1948  Martand Singh                      (b. 1923 - d. 1995
)

Dewans (chief ministers)
Nov 1918 - 1922            Brijmohan Nath Zutshi              (s.a.)
c.1930                     Janki Prasad Chaturvedi
Vice-Presidents of the State Council
(chief ministers)
1932 - c.1933              Conrad Laurence Corfield           (b. 1893 - d. 1980)
bf.1935 - 1942             Brijmohan Nath Zutshi              (s.a.)
Chief ministers
Dec 1943 - 1945            Edward Birkbeck Wakefield          (b. 1903 - d. 1969)
1945 - 1946                Cecil Curtis Harold Smith          (b. 1899 - d. 19..)
1946 - 1947                Thomas C.S. Jayaratnam             (b. 1893 – d. 19..)
Prime ministers
Oct 1947 - 1948            Ramrao M. Deshmukh                 (b. 1892 – d. 1981)
1948 - Apr 1948            Awadesh Pratap Singh               (b. 1888 - d. 1967)  INC

British Agents to the Governor-General for the Saugor and Nerbudda (in Jabalpur)
1819 - 1820                James Marjoribanks                 (b. 1784 – d. 1837)
1820 - 1824                Charles Arthur Molony              (b. 1790 – d. 1824)
1824 - 1827                Francis Boyle Wilder               (b. 1775 – d. 1849)
1827 - 1829                Thomas Herbert Maddock             (b. 1792 – d. 1870)
1829 - 1835                Francis Curwen Smith               (b. 1790 – d. 1859)
1835 - 1837                Frederick John Shore               (b. 1799 – d. 1837)
1837 - 1842                Charles Fraser                     (b. 1799 – d. 1868)
British Agents to the Governor-General for Gwalior, Bundelkhand and Saugor (in Jabalpur)
Oct 1842 - 1849            William Henry Sleeman              (b. 1788 - d. 1856)
1849 - 1852                George Alexander Bushby            (b. 1800 - d. 1856)
1853 - 1854                Walter Coningsby Erskine           (b. 1810 – d. 1872)



Sachin
 
[Sachin to 1948
                          (India)]
to 10 Jun 1948
[Sachin
                          Merchant flag 1921-1947 (India)]
2 Aug 1921 - 14 Aug 1947 Merchant Flag
Capital: Sachin Population: 26,231 (1941)
State Troops: 80 (1939)
Salute: 9 guns

 6 Jun 1791                Sachin state founded, the British protectorate.
1835 – 1864                Under British civil administration.
 1 Apr 1889 -  4 May 1907  British India administration.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
10 Jun 1948                Merged into Bombay (from 1 May 1960, Gujarat).

Rulers (title Nawab)
 6 Jun 1791 -  9 Jul 1802  Abdul Karim Mohammad Yakut Khan I  (b. 17.. - d. 1802)
 9 Jul 1802 - 25 Mar 1853  Ibrahim Mohammad Yakut Khan I      (d. 1853)
25 Mar 1853 –  1 Dec 1868  Abdul Karim Mohammad Yakut Khan II (b. 1802 - d. 1868)
 1 Dec 1868 –  4 Mar 1873  Ibrahim Mohammad Yakut Khan II     (b. 1833 - d. 1873)
 4 Mar 1873 -  7 Jan 1887  Abdul Kadir Khan                   (b. 1865 - d. 1896)
 4 Mar 1873 - Jul 1886     .... -Regent
 7 Feb 1887 - 19 Nov 1930  Ibrahim Mohammad Yakut Khan III    (b. 1886 - d. 1930)
 7 Feb 1887 -  4 May 1907  .... -Regent
19 Nov 1930 - 10 Jun 1948  Haydar Mohammad Yakut Khan         (b. 1909 - d. 1970)

Dewans (chief ministers)
 1 Aug 1896 -  4 Jan 1898  Maneklal Narbheram
 4 Jan 1898 - 14 Jan 1907  Permananddas Surajram
15 Jan 1907 - 31 Jul 1908  E.J. Taleyarkhan (1st time)
 1 Aug 1908 - 19..         Virsukhram Jevachram Hora
 1 Aug 1911 - 21 Aug 1914  Maniram Ambaram
22 Aug 1914 - 15 Jun 1917  J. Yusufali Khan
16 Jun 1917 -  4 Dec 1917  Maniram Ambaram
 5 Dec 1917 - 14 Nov 1920  E.J. Taleyarkhan (2nd time)
15 Nov 1920 - 19..         P.N. Billimoria
1936 - 1940                Bindeswari P. Pande                (b. 1896 – d. 19..)
bf.1941 – af.1946          J.L. Jobanputra

British India Administrators
 1 Apr 1889 - 29 May 1890  C.B. Winchester (1st time)
30 May 1890 - 17 Jun 1890  F.S.P. Lely (acting)
17 Jun 1890 - 13 Sep 1890  W.H. Lucas
14 Sep 1890 - 15 Dec 1890  C.B. Winchester (2nd time)
10 Dec 1890 - 24 May 1891  E. Maconochie
25 May 1892 - 28 Oct 1892  J.W.A. Weir (1st time)
29 Oct 1892 - 29 Jan 1893  E.H.E. Leggatt
30 Jan 1893 - 16 Jul 1893  J.W.A. Weir (2nd time)
17 Jul 1893 - 30 Apr 1894  W. Doderet
 1 May 1894 - 22 Jan 1896  A.L.M. Wood (1st time)
23 Jan 1896 - 29 Mar 1896  C.N. Seddon (1st time)
30 Mar 1896 - 18 May 1896  A.L.M. Wood (2nd time)
19 May 1896 - 24 Jan 1897  C.N. Seddon (2nd time)
25 Jan 1897 - 17 Feb 1897  W.C. Rand
18 Feb 1897 -  3 Jul 1897  C.N. Seddon (3rd time)
 4 Jul 1897 - 18 May 1898  P.J. Mead
19 May 1898 - 1898         J.A.G. Wales (1st time)
24 Sep 1898 - 25 Dec 1898  C.V. Vernon (acting)
26 Dec 1898 - 1900         J.A.G Wales (2d time)
29 Sep 1900 - 30 Dec 1900  J.W.A. Weir (3rd time)(acting)
30 Dec 1900 - 12 Nov 1902  J.A.G Wales (3rd time)
13 Nov 1902 - 24 Apr 1905  A.D. Brown
25 Apr 1905 - 1905         A.W. Varley (1st time)
 1 Oct 1905 - 30 Oct 1905  B.W. Kissan (acting)
31 Oct 1905 - 29 Nov 1906  A.W. Varley (2nd time)
30 Nov 1906 -  4 May 1907  J.T. Scotson


Sailana: see Shailana



Sakti

Capital: Sakti Population: 54,517 (1941)
State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: None

1804                       British protectorate, ceded by Nagpur as an estate.
1806 - 1826                Restored by the British to Nagpur.
 4 Sep 1867                Sakti estate (zamindari) recognized as a state.
1875 - Feb 1892            British India administration.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
 1 Jan 1948                Merged into Central Provinces
(26 Jan 1950 - 1 Nov 2000
                             Madhya Pradesh; from 1 Nov 2000 Chhattisgarh).

Rajas
.... - ....                Rudra Singh
.... - ....                Udai Singh
.... - ....                Kiwat Singh
.... - ....                Kagan Singh
.... - 1837                Kalandar Singh
1837 - 19 Jun 1850         Vacant

19 Jun 1850 - 1875         Ranjit Singh
                       (b. 1836 - d. af.1905) 
1875 - Feb 1892            British India administration
Feb 1892 - Jul 1914        Rup Narayan Singh                  (b. 1855 - d. 1914)
 4 Jul 1914 -  1 Jan 1948  Liladhar Singh                     (b. 1892 - d. 19..)

Dewan (chief minister)
c.1938                     Gangadin Shukul



Sambalpur (Sambalpour)

bf.1493                    Sambalpur (also known as Hirakhand) state founded.
1803                       British protectorate, ceded by Nagpur as an estate (zamindari).
1806 - 1826                Ceded by the British back to Nagpur (British rule is provisionally
                             restored in 1819).
1808 - 1817                Nagpur Maratha occupation.

1818 - 1820                British administration of the estate.
31 Dec 1849                Escheated to British India (as part of Bengal; from 1862,
                             Central Provinces).

Rajas
1690 - 1725                Chhatrasal
1725 - 1732                Ajit Singh
1732 - 1778                Abhai Singh
1778 - 1782                Balbhadra Sai
1782 - 1797                Jayanta Singh (1st time)            (d. 1818)
1808 - 1817                Maratha occupation: under
                          
Chandraji [term unknown]
1817 - 1818                Jayanta Singh (2nd time)            (s.a.)
1818 - 1820                Banamali Rao (appointed by U.K.)
1820 - 1827                Maharaj Sai                         (d. 1827)
1827 - 1833                Mohan Kumari (f) -Rani
1833 - 10 Sep 1849         Narayan Singh                       (d. 1849)
1849 - 31 Dec 1849         Mukhyapan Devi (f) -Rani
 
1 Nov 1857 - 16 May 1862  Surendra Sai (in rebellion)         (b. 1809 - d. 1884)



Samthar

Capital: Samthar Population: 38,279 (1941)
State Troops: 200 (1939)
Salute: 11 guns

1760                       Samthar estate (jagir) founded, under Datia.
12 Nov 1817                Samthar recognized as a state by the British, the British
                             protectorate (by treaty).
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
 4 Apr 1948                Merged into Vindhya Pradesh (transferred to Uttar Pradesh
                              26 Jan 1950).

Rajas
1817 - 1827                Ranjit Singh II                    (d. 1827)
1827 - 1864                Hindupat Singh                     (b. 1823 - d. 1890)
1858 -  3 Feb 1865         Rani .... (f) -Regent
 3 Feb 1865 - 16 Jun 1896  Chhatar Singh                      (b. 1843 - d. 1896)
                             (from 1877, personal style Maharaja)

17 Jun 1896 -  9 Oct 1935  Bir Singh                          (b. 1864 - d. 1936)
                             (from 1898, personal style Maharaja)
                             (from 3 Jun 1915, Sir
Bir Singh)
 9 Oct 1935 -  4 Apr 1948  Radha Charan Singh                 (b. 1914 - d. 1972)
                             (
from c.1945, personal style Maharaja)

Dewans (chief ministers)
c.1917                     Wazziarruddaula Gaya Persad
                             Madlarutmaham
c.1923 - 1939              Kunwar Sujan Singh



Sandur

[Sandur to 1949 (India)]

Capital: Sandur Population: 15,814 (1941)
State Troops: 80
(1939)

Constitution
Constitution Act
(21 Apr 1946)

Salute: None

1713                       Sandur (Sandhur) estate (jagir) founded.
1713 - 1818                Tributary of Satara.
15 Mar 1776 – 1790         Annexed to
Mahisur (Mysore) .
27 Oct 1817 -  1 Jul 1818  Annexed to the Peshwa's Dominions.
 1 Jul 1818                British protectorate, recognized as a state.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
 1 Apr 1949                Merged into Madras.

Rulers (titles Hindu Rao, Mamalikat Madar)
1713 - 1731                Sidhoji Rao I                      (b. c.1683 - d. 1731)
1731 - 15 Mar 1776         Murar Rao                          (b. c.1699 - d. 1779)
1776 - 1790                annexed to Mahisur
1790 - 1796                Sidhoji Rao II                     (b. 1783 - d. 1796)
1796 - 27 Oct 1817         Shiva Rao II (1st time)            (d. 1840)
27 Oct 1817 -  1 Jul 1818  annexed to the Peshwa's Dominions
 1 Jul 1818 -  2 May 1840  Shiva Rao II (2nd time)            (s.a.)
 2 May 1840 - 1861         Venkata Rao II                     (d. 1861)
1861 - 1876                Shivasammukha Rao                  (b. 1847 - d. 1878)
1861 - 1863                .... -Regent
Rajas
1876 -  3 May 1878         Shivasammukha Rao                  (s.a.)
 3 May 1878 -  3 Dec 1892  Ramachandra Vitthala Rao           (b. 1850 - d. 1892)
 3 Dec 1892 - 24 Jul 1927  Venkata Rao III                    (b. 1892 - d. 1927)
 3 Dec 1892 - 1901         Maloji Rao Bala Sahib -Regent
1901 - 19 Jul 1913         Kodandaram Nayudu Avargal -Regent
24 Jul 1927 -  5 May 1928  interregnum
 5 May 1928 -  1 Apr 1949  Yashwant Rao                       (b. 1908 - d. 1996)
 5 May 1928 -  5 Feb 1930  .... -Regent

Agents and Advisers
1863 - 1885                J. Macartney
Sep 1885 - Apr 1897        J.G. Firh
                             (from 18.., Diwan)
Chief Minister (Diwan)
1897 -  ....               Shri T. Kodandarama Naidu
Presidents of the Executive Council
bf.1931 - af.1942          Bhujangrao Raje Ghorpade
bf.1944 - af.1947          Rani Saheb Sushiladevi (f)         (b. 1916 – d. 2011)



Sangli

[Sangli 1782-1948 (India)]

Capital: Sangli Population: 293,381 (1941)
State Troops:
None (1939)

Constitution
Government of
Sangli Act (1946)

Salute: 9 guns

1801                       Sangli estate (jagir) founded, split from Miraj.
1801 - 1818                Tributary of Satara.
 5 May 1819                British protectorate, recognized as a state.

1873 -  1 Dec 1887         British India administration.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.

 8 Mar 1948                Merged into Bombay (from 1 May 1960, Maharashtra).

Rulers (title Rao)
1801 – 15 Jul 1851         Chintaman Rao I "Appa Sahib"       (b. 1776 - d. 1851)
                            
[ruler of Miraj 1782-1801]
15 Jul 1851 - 12 Dec 1901  Dhundi Rao Chintaman Rao           (b. 1838 - d. 1901)
                             "Tatya Sahib"
22 Jul 1851 - 12 Jul 1859  B.G. Mathe -Regent
1873 - Jul 1878            West -Administrator
Jul 1878 - Aug 1880        Waller -Administrator

12 Dec 1901 –  1 Jun 1932  Chintaman Rao II Dhundi Rao        (b. 1889 - d. 1965)

                             "Appa Sahib"
                             (from 1 Jan 1923, Sir Chintaman Rao II Dhundi Rao)
18 Feb 1902 – 17 Feb 1905  A.B. Desai -Regent
                             (administrator)
17 Feb 1905 -  2 Jun 1910  Richard John Charles Burke -
Regent (b. 1878 - d. 1960)
                             (administrator)
Raja
 1 Jun 1932 -  8 Mar 1948  Sir Chintaman Rao Dhundi Rao       (s.a.)
                             "Appa Sahib"

Karbhari (administrators)
Jul 1851 - 26 Apr 1852     Balaji Ganesh Mathe
Aug 1853 - 1859            Konherrao Bapusaheb Shahapurkar
                           + Baba Shastri (c.1853)
                           + Hanmantrao Subaji (c.1853-1857)
1859 - 1875                Balkrishna Malhar (to 1875)
                           + Ramchandra Sakharam
1873 - Jul 1878            West
May 1875 - c.1878          Narayan Ganesh Deshpande
Jul 1878 - 25 Sep 1884     Waller
 1 Oct 1884 - 1885        
William Butler Ferris  (1st time)  (b. 1851 - d. 1929)
1889 - 19 Jul 1895         Balkrishna Narayan Vaidya
25 Jun 1895 -  3 Sep 1895  Govind Narsingh (acting)
 4 Sep 1895 -  3 Sep 1898  Mohaniraj Ekanath Ghotankar
 4 Sep 1898 - 13 Feb 1899  B.R. Bhide (acting)
13 Feb 1899 - 1900         Lakshman Ramchaudra Golwalkar
Dec 1901 - Feb 1902       
William Butler Ferris (2nd time)   (s.a.)
18 Feb 1902 – 17 Feb 1905  A.B. Desai
17 Feb 1905 -  2 Jun 1910  Richard John Charles Burke         (s.a.)
 
2 Jun 1910 - bf.Apr 1913  C.P. Bapat
bf.Apr 1913 - c.Apr 1921   M.K. Kumthekar
bf.Apr 1927 - c.1930       R.S. Athavale

Dewans
(chief ministers)
c.1933 - c.1936            G.R. Barve
1937                       Sir Patrick Robert Cadell          (b. 1871 - d. 1961)
c.1938                     B.N. De

Presidents of the Executive Council

c.1939                     K.V. Brahma
c.1941                     B.N. De
c.1942                     Yeshwant Amrit Thombare
                             (vice-president and dewan
c.1944                     Sankara Balaji Dhavle              (b. 1882 - d. 19..)
194. - 1946                Sir Jagannath Lakshman Sathe       (b. 1886 - d. 19..)
Chief minister
1946 - 194.                Balwant Shivling Kore              (b. 1904 - d. 19..)  AISPC



Sangri

Capital: Baragaon Population: 3,839 (1941)
State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: None

.... - c.1703              Part of Bashahr.
c.1703 - 1719              Occupied by Kullu.
1719 - 1803                Part of Bashahr
.
1803 - 1815                Occupied by Nepal.
1815 - 1841                Restored to Kullu.
1841                       Sangri state founded as a British protectorate, succeeds
                             the former Kullu state.

15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
15 Apr 1948                Merged into Himachal Pradesh.

Rulers (title Thakur)
1841 - 1842                Ranbir Singh                       (d. 1842)
1841 - 1846                Rani Katochni (f) -Regent
1842 - 1876                Jagat Singh                        (d. 1876)
30 Sep 1876 - 25 Jul 1887  Hira Singh                         (b. 1851 - d. 1927)
Rulers (title Rai)
25 Jul 1887 - 15 Mar 1927  Hira Singh                         (s.a.)
15 Mar 1927 - 15 Apr 1948  Raghbir Singh                      (b. 1906 - d. 1962)



Sanjeli

[Sanjeli to 1948 (India)]

Capital: Sanjeli Population: 10,359 (1941)
State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: None

1159                       Sanjeli state founded.
1820 - 1948                Part of the Gujarat (to 1944, Rewa Kantha) semi-jurisdictional
                             states (see under Jambughoda).
1901 - 1914                British India management.
1943 - 15 Aug 1947         Attached (British jurisdictional authority granted) to Baria.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
10 Jun 1948                Merged into Bombay (from 1 May 1960, Gujarat).

Rulers (title Thakur)
c.1750 - 1789              Sardarsinghji                   (d. 1789)
1789 - 1814                Bahadursinghji                  (d. 1814)
1814 - 1858                Jagatsinghji                    (d. 1858)
1858 - Dec 1901            Pratapsinghji                   (b. 1847 - d. 1901)
1902 - 10 Jun 1948         Pushpasinghji Pratapsinghji     (b. 1892 - d. af.1948)

Karbharis (state managers)
c.1897 - c.1898            Shevakram
c.1900 - c.1901            Jugatram Bhaishankar
c.1939                     S.B. Munshi



Sant

[Sant early
                          flag (India)]
Former Flag

[Sant State flag to
                        1948 (India)]
to 10 Jun 1948

Capital: Santrampur Population: 94,257 (1941)
State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: 9 guns

1255                       Sant state founded (named after founder).
1803                       British protectorate (effected in 1819).
1896 - 10 May 1903         Under British India management.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
10 Jun 1948                Merged into Bombay (from 1 May 1960, Gujarat).

Rulers (title Rana; from c.1840, Raja Maharana)
1688 - 1705                Mahusinhji
1705 - 1735                Prithisinhji Mahusinhji
1735 - 1753                Ratansinhji II Prithisinhji        (d. 1753)
1753 - 1774                Badansinhji Ratansinhji            (d. 1774)
1774 - 1803                Shivsinhji Badansinhji
1803 - 1819                Keshrisinhji Shivsinhji            (d. 1819)
1819                       Gajsinhji II Keshrisinhji          (d. 1819)
1819 - 1835                Kalyansinhji Shivsinhji            (d. 1835)
1835 - 1872                Bhawansinhji
Kalyansinhji          (b. 1832 - d. 1872)
1835 - 1854                Rani Rathodji Gulabkunvarba -Regent
17 Apr 1873 - 10 Jan 1896  Pratapsinhji
Bhawansinhji          (b. 1860 - d. 1896)
31 Aug 1896 - 22 Dec 1946  Jorawarsinhji Pratapsinhji         (b. 1881 - d. 1946)
                             (from 1943, Sir Jorawarsinhji Pratapsinhji)

22 Dec 1946 - 10 Jun 1948  Pravinsinhji Jorawarsinhji         (b. 1907 - d. 1948)

Dewans (chief ministers)
c.1939                     Nichhabhai K. Desai
bf.1941 - af.1946          Narotam J. Divecha



Sarangarh

[Sarangarh
                          state flag to 1948 (India)]
State Flag to 1 Jan 1948

[Sarangarh royal
                        flag to 1948 (India)]
 Royal Flag

Capital: Sarangarh Population: 140,785
(1941)

State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: None

1804                       British protectorate, ceded by Nagpur as an estate.
1806 - 1826                Restored by the British to Nagpur.
 4 Sep 1867                Sarangarh estate (zamindari) recognized as a state.
1878 - 1889                British India administration.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
 1 Jan 1948                Merged into Central Provinces
(26 Jan 1950 - 1 Nov 2000
                             Madhya Pradesh; from 1 Nov 2000 Chhattisgarh).

Rajas
.... - ....                Udibhan Singh
.... - ....                Birbhan Singbh
.... - 1736                Udho Sai Singh
1736 - 1777                Kalyan Sai                         (d. 1777)
1777 - 1808                Vishvanath Sai                     (d. 1808)
1808 - 1815                Subhadra Sai                       (d. 1815)
1827 -  5 Jan 1828         Bhikhan Sai                        (d. 1828)
 5 Jan 1828 - 1828         Tikan Sai
1828 - May 1829            Gajraj Singh                       (d. 1829)
May 1829 - 1872            Singram Singh                      (d. 1872)
1872 - Sep 1889            Bhawani Pratap Singh               (b. c.1865 - d. 1889)
Sep 1889 -  5 Aug 1890     Lal Raghubir Singh                 (d. 1890)
 5 Aug 1890 - 11 Jan 1946  Bahadur Jawahir Singh              (b. 1888 - d. 1946)
11 Jan 1946 -  1 Jan 1948  Naresh Chandra Singh               (b. 1908 - d. 1987)

Dewan (chief minister)
c.1935 - c.1939            Ramdas Naik


Sardargadh (Sardargadh Bantva)

Capital: Sardargadh Population: 10,149 (1931)
State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: None

1779                       Sardargadh state created from Gidad area of Bantva.
1807/08 - 1948             Part of the Western Kathiawar semi-jurisdictional states
                             (see under Jasdan).
1943 - 15 Aug 1947         Attached (British jurisdictional authority granted) to Junagadh.
14 Sep? 1947               Accedes to Pakistan.
 1 Oct 1947                India takes over administration.
14 Nov 1947 - 20 Feb 1949  Administered by India.
24 Feb 1948                Referendum approves accession to India.

25 Feb 1948                Accession to India in effect.
20 Feb 1949                Annexed by India to Saurashtra.
 1 Nov 1956                Part of Bombay (from 1 May 1960, Gujarat)
.

Rulers (title Khan Sahib)
1779 - 1813                Mukhtyarkhanji Sherjamakhanji      (d. 1813)
1813 - 1867                Nathukhanji Salabatkhanji          (d. 1867)
1867 - 1903                Samatkhanji Nathukhanji            (b. c.1854 - d. 1903)
 6 Mar 1903 - 1933         Husain Yawarkhanji Samatkhanj      (b. 1880 - d. 19..)
19 Jan 1934 - 14 Nov 1947  Ghulam Moinuddinkhanji             (b. 1919 - d. ....)
                             Husainyawarkhanji
                            (nominally from 1 Oct 1947)
Indian Administrator
14 Nov 1947 - 20 Feb 1949  the administrator of Junagadh



Sarila

Capital: Sarila Population: 7,259 (1941)
State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: None

1755                       Sarila state founded.
1807                       British protectorate.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
 4 Apr 1948                Merged into Vindhya Pradesh (transferred to Uttar Pradesh
                             26 Jan 1950).

Rajas
1755 - 1788                Aman Singh (Man Singh)             (d. 1788)
1788 - 1818
                Tej Singh
1818 - 1842                Anirudh Singh

1842 - 1871                Hindupat Singh                     (d. 1871)
1871 - 1882                Khallak Singh                      (d. 1882)
19 Aug 1882 - 1898         Pahar Singh                        (b. 1875 - d. 1898)
19 Aug 1882 - May 1895     Rao Sambhar Singh -Regent          (d. 1895)
11 Sep 1898 -  4 Apr 1948  Mahipal Singh                      (b. 1898 - d. 1983)

11 Sep 1898 -  5 Nov 1919  .... -Superintendent

Dewan and President of the State Council
c.1930 - c.1939            Pratap Narain
Chief minister
1948                       Narendra Singh                     (b. 1927 - d. 2011)



Satara

[Flag of Satara (Maratha flag) to 1848]

Capital: Satara
Population: 1,006,000 (1851)

16 Jun 1674                Shivaji Bhonsle secedes from Mughal Empire and creates a Mahratta
                             polity (sometimes called the "Maratha Confederacy" or the "Maratha
                             Empire"; original name Hindavi Swarajya) in Raigarh.
14 Apr 1680                Shivaji dies, and his lineage maintains an increasingly tenuous
                             paramountcy over the Mahratta chiefs, ruling directly over a
                             district centered
(from 1698) at Satara.
1713                       The Mahratta "chief minister," styled Peshwa, and seated in Pune
                             (Poona), is chosen from the Bhatt family. In 1750 he acquires full
                             governing authority from the Mahratta paramount ruler and the ruler's
                             district, subsequently referred to as the "Peshwa's Dominions."
1776                       Mahratta polity begun to be referred to as the Mahratta State in the
                             treaties with the British.
1782                       The Peshwa begins to allow major Mahratta chiefs (Scindia as the first)
                             to have direct relations with the British.
13 Jun 1817                British protectorate, the Mahratta chiefdoms recognized as separate
                             states by the British-Mahratta treaty (treaty specifically names
                             Scindia [Gawlior], Holkar [Indaur], Gaekwar [Baroda], Nagpur,
                             Kolhapur, and Savantwadi), the
"Peshwa's Dominions" are named as
                             the Pune (Poona) state.

 3 Jun 1818                The "Peshwa's Dominions" (Pune) are annexed to British India
                             (as part of Bombay).
25 Sep 1819                State re-established as Satara state, as a British protectorate, for
                             the former Mahratta paramount ruler.
 5 Apr 1848                Satara is annexed to British India (as part of Bombay).
Jul 1857 - 1857            Rebellion, in Cawnpore, by the son of the last Peshwa, with intent
                             to restore the "Maratha Empire" (Hindavi Swarajya).

Paramount Rulers (title Raja Chatrapati)(without governing authority 1750-1819)
16 Jun 1674 -  5 Apr 1680  Shivaji I                          (b. 1627 - d. 1680)
 5 Apr 1680 - 11 Mar 1689  Shambhaji                          (b. 1657 - d. 1689)
11 Mar 1689 -  3 Mar 1700  Rajaram I                          (b. 1670 - d. 1700)
 3 Mar 1700 - 12 Oct 1707  Shivaji II                         (b. 1696 - d. 1726)
                             [ruler of Kolhapur 1710-1714]
 3 Mar 1700 - 12 Oct 1707  Tarabai Ai Sahib Bhonsle (f)-Regent(b. 1675 - d. 1761)
12 Oct 1707 - 15 Dec 1749  Shahuji I "Appa Sahib"             (b. 1689 - d. 1749)
15 Dec 1749 - 11 Dec 1777  Rajaram II                         (b. 1726 - d. 1777)
11 Dec 1777 -  3 May 1808  Shahuji II "Appa Sahib"            (b. 1763 - d. 1808)
 3 May 1808 -  5 Sep 1839  Pratapsinha "Bowa Sahib"           (b. 1793 - d. 1847)
 3 May 1808 - Feb 1818     the Peshwa -Regent
 5 Sep 1839 -  5 Apr 1848  Shahuji III "Appa Sahib"           (b. 1802 - d. 1848)
 5 Apr 1848 -  1 May 1849  Venkatji "Bowa Sahib"              (b. c.1840 - d. 1864)
                             (not recognized by the British)

Peshwas (chief ministers; from 1750, with full authority of the ruler)
16 Nov 1713 -  2 Apr 1719  Balaji Vishwanath Bhat             (b. 1662 - d. 1719)
 2 Apr 1719 - 25 Apr 1740  Bajirao I (Pahila Bajirao)         (b. 1698 - d. 1740)
25 Apr 1740 - 23 Jun 1761  Balaji Baji Rao "Nana Sahib"       (b. 1721 - d. 1761)
23 Jun 1761 - 18 Nov 1772  Madhava Rao I Ballal               (b. 1745 - d. 1772)
18 Nov 1772 - 30 Aug 1773  Narayan Rao                        (b. 1755 - d. 1773)
30 Aug 1773 - 1774         Raghunath Rao "Dada Sahib Raghoba" (b. 1734 - d. 1794)
                             (continues in opposition to 1779)
18 Apr 1774 - 25 Oct 1795  Sawai Madhava Rao II Narayan       (b. 1774 - d. 1795)
1774 - 21 Dec 1797         Nana Phadnavis (Phadnis) -Regent   (b. 1742 - d. 1800)
                             -
Administrator
                            
(= Balaji Janardhan)
25 Oct 1795 -  6 Dec 1796  Chimnaji Appa Rao                  (b. 1783 - d. 1830)
 6 Dec 1796 -  3 Jun 1818  Bajirao II                         (b. 1775 - d. 1853)
Jul 1857 - 1857            Dhondu Pant "Nana Sahib"           (b. 1824 - d. 1859)
                             (in rebellion, in Cawnpore)

British East India Company Residents in Poona (Pune)
 3 Mar 1786 - 21 Feb 1797  Charles Warre Malet                (b. 1752 - d. 1815)
21 Feb 1797 - 24 Mar 1798  Joshua Uhthoff (acting)            (b. 1765 - d. 1818)
24 Mar 1798 - 18 Dec 1801  William Palmer                     (b. 1740 - d. 1816)
1801 - 1811                Barry Close                        (b. 1756 - d. 1813)
1811 - 1819                Mountstuart Elphinstone            (b. 1779 - d. 1859)
British
East India Company Residents in Satara
1813 - 1823                James Cunningham Grant-Duff        (b. 1789 - d. 1858) 
1823 - 1827                John Briggs                        (b. 1785 - d. 1875) 
1827 - 1832                Archibald Robertson                (b. 1782 - d. 1847)
1832 - 1836                Peter Lodwick                      (b. 1782? - d. 1873)
1836 - 1844                Charles Ovans                      (b. 1793? - d. 1858)
May 1845 - May 1847        James Outram                       (b. 1803 - d. 1863) 
1847 - 1849                Henry Bartle Frere                 (b. 1815 - d. 1884)



Savantwadi (Savantvadi)

[Savantvadi (Sawantwadi) to
                1948 (India)]

Capital: Savantwadi
(
Savantvadi)
Population: 252,050    (1941)
State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: 9 guns

1627                       Savantwadi (Savantvadi) state founded.
c.1680 - 13 Jun 1817       Tributary of Satara.
 7 Apr 1765                British protectorate, confirmed 17 Feb 1819 (by treaty).
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
 8 Mar 1948                Merged into Bombay (from 1 May 1960, Maharashtra).

Rulers (title Sar Desai)
1675 – Feb 1709            Khem Savant II                     (b. 16.. - d. 1709)
Feb 1709 -  2 Jan 1738     Phond Savant II                    (b. 1667 - d. 1738)
 2 Jan 1738 - 1755         Ramachandra Savant I               (b. 1712 - d. 1755)
 2 Jan 1738 - 1753         Jayram Sawant Bhonsle -Regent      (d. 1753)
1755 – 12 May 1785         Khem Savant III                    (b. 1749 - d. 1803)
1755 – 1763                Soubhagyavati Janaki Bai (f) -Regent
Rulers (title Raja Bahadur)
12 May 1785 -  6 Oct 1803  Khem Savant III                    (s.a.)
 6 Oct 1803 - 1805         Rani Lakshmi Bai (f) -Regent       (b. 17.. - d. 1807) 
1805 - 1807                Ramachandra Savant II "Bhav Sahib" (b. 17.. - d. 1807)
1807 – 1808                Phond Savant II                    (d. 1808)
1808 -  3 Oct 1812         Phond Savant III                   (b. 17.. - d. 1812)
1807 – 1808                Rani Durga Bai (f) -Regent         (d. 1819)
                             (1st time)
 3 Oct 1812 - Oct 1867     Khem Savant IV "Bapu Sahib"        (b. 1804 - d. 1867)
 
3 Oct 1812 28 Dec 1818  Rani Durga Bai (f) -Regent         (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
28 Dec 1818 – 11 Feb 1823  Regents
                           - Rani Savitri Bai Raje (f)
                           - Rani Nurmuda Bai (f)             (b. 1783 – d. 1849)
1867 -  7 Mar 1869         Phond Savant IV "Bapu Sahib"       (b. 1828 - d. 1869)
 7 Mar 1869 - Dec 1899     Raghunath Savant "Baha Sabib"      (b. 1862 - d. 1899)
 7 Mar 1869 – c.1880       .... -Regent
Dec 1899 - 23 Apr 1913     Ram Savant "Aba Sahib"             (b. 1871 - d. 1913)
Dec 1899 –  7 Jun 1900     .... -Regent
24 Apr 1913 -  4 Jul 1937  Khem Savant V "Bapu Sahib"         (b. 1897 - d. 1937)
                             (from 4 Jun 1934, Sir
Khem Savant V)
24 Apr 1913 - 29 Oct 1924  Rani Gajara Bai Raje (f) –Regent   (b. 1887 – d. 19..)
 4 Jul 1937 - 
8 Mar 1948  Shivram Savant                     (b. 1927 - d. 1995)
 4 Jul 1937 – 12 May 1947  Rani Parvati Bai Raje (f) -Regent
  (b. 1907 - d. 1961)

Dewans (chief ministers)
c.1939                     Vishnu Balkrishna Chandrachud
c.1946                     R.R. Pawar



Savanur
[Savanur (India) (UK flag) to
                  1948]
Capital: Savanur Population: 22,440 (1941)
State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: None

1680                       Savanur estate (jagir) founded.
1680 - 1818                Tributary of Satara.
29 Oct 1786 – 17 Dec 1791  Occupied by
Mahisur (Mysore).
1818                       British protectorate, recognized as a state.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
 8 Mar 1948                Merged into Bombay (from 1 Nov 1956, Karnataka).

Rulers (title Nawab)
1680 - 23 Jun 1720         Dalil Khan "Abdul Rauf"            (b. 16.. - d. 1720)
Jun 1720 - Sep 1720        Abdul Fath Khan                    (d. 1720)
Sep 1720 - Feb 1721        Abdul Mahmad Khan                  (d. 1721)
Feb 1721 -  7 Apr 1726     Abdul Ghafur Khan                  (d. 1726)
 7 Apr 1726 – Oct 1755     Abdul Majid Khan I                 (d. 1754)
 7 Apr 1726 - 19 Oct 1730  Abdul Sattar Khan -Regent
Oct 1755 - 20 Feb 1794     Diler Abdul Hakim Khan I           (d. 1794)
                             (exiled 29 Oct 1786 – 17 Dec 1791)
20 Feb 1794 – 25 Nov 1796  Abdul Husain Khan                  (b. 17.. - d. 1802)
25 Nov 1796 -  2 Nov 1827  Abul Khair Khan I                  (b. 17.. - d. 1827)
                             (recognized by Peshwa as ruler from Nov 1794)
 2 Nov 1827 - 12 Jan 1828  Faiz Khan                          (d. 1828)
 8 May 1828 - 17 Aug 1834  Munawwar Khan                      (b. 1805 - d. 1834)
17 Aug 1834 - Aug 1862     Abul Diler Khan II                 (b. 1807 - d. 1862)
Aug 1862 - 11 May 1868     Abul Khair Khan II                 (b. 1836 - d. 1868)
11 May 1868 - 11 Aug 1884  Diler Khan                         (b. 1862 - d. 1884)
11 May 1868 - 12 Jun 1883  Diwan Muhammad Ghaus Khan -Regent
11 Aug 1884 - 26 Jul 1892  Abdul Tabriz Khan                  (b. 1865 - d. 1892)
11 Aug 1884 –  1 May 1887  the Dewan -Regent
26 Jul 1892 -  8 Mar 1948  Abdul Majid Khan II                (b. 1890 - d. 1954)
26 Jul 1892 - 12 Nov 1912  Daud Muhammad Khan Sahib
                             Pathan -Regent

Dewan (chief minister)
c.1939                     G.R. Padgamkar



Sayla

Capital: Sayla Population: 15,352 (1941)
State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: None

1751                       Sayla state founded.
1807/08 – 1948             Part of the Eastern Kathiawar semi-jurisdictional states
                             (see under Lakthar).
1927                       Almost full jurisdictional authority granted by the British.
 7 Dec 1943 - 15 Aug 1947  Attached (British jurisdictional authority granted) to
                             Dhrangadhra.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
15 Feb 1948                Merged into Saurashtra.
 1 Nov 1956                Part of Bombay (from 1 May 1960, Gujarat)
.

Rulers (title Thakur)
1751 - 1794                Sheshmalji I Raisinhji             (d. 1794)
1794 - 1813                Vakhatsinhji I Sheshmalji          (d. 1813)
1813 - 1837                Madarsinhji I Vakhatsinhji
1837 - 1839                Sheshmalii II Madarsinhji
1839 - 1881                Kerisinhji Sheshmalii              (d. 1881)
 
5 Oct 1881 - 25 Jan 1924  Vakhatsinhji II Kerisinhji         (b. 1845 - d. 1924)
                             (from Jun 1913, Sir Vakhatsinhji Kerisinhji)
25 Jan 1924 - 1938         Madarsinhji II Vakhatsinhji        (b. 1868 - d. 1938)
1938 - 15 Feb 1948         Karansinhji Madarsinhji            (b. 1891 - d. 1962)



Seraikella

[Seraikella to 1948
                (India)]

Capital: Seraikella Population: 154,844
(1941)

State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: None

1620                       Singhbhum Pir, later named Seraikella, founded.
1819                       British protectorate, remains the estate.
31 May 1860                Seraikella estate (zamindari) recognized as a state.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
 1 Feb 1948                Merged into Orissa (transferred to Bihar 18 May 1948).

Rulers (title Kunwar)
1620 - ....                Bikram Singh I
.... - ....                Nrusingh
1728 - 1743                Satrughan Singh
Rajas
c.1743 - 1818              Abhiram Singh                      (d. 1818)

1818 - 1823                Bikram Singh II                    (d. 1823)
1823 - 1837                Ajamber Singh                      (d. 1837)
1837 - 1883                Chakradhar Singh                   (b. 1808 - d. 1883)
25 Nov 1883 -  9 Dec 1931  Udit Narayan Singh                 (b. 1849 - d. 1931)
                             (Nov 1884 - 1922 personal style Raja Bahadur;
                             from 1922, personal style Maharaja)

 9 Dec 1931 -  1 Feb 1948  Aditya Pratap Singh                (b. 1887 - d. 1969)
                             (with the courtesy style Maharaja)

Vice-Presidents of the State Council (chief ministers)
c.1930                     Jubaraj A.P. Singh Deo
c.1939                     Nrupendra Narayan Singh Deo        (b. 1908 – d. 1968)



Shahpura

[Shahpura to 1948 (India)]

Capital: Shahpura Population: 61,173
(1941)

State Troops: 60
(1939)

Constitution Act
(14 Aug 1947)

Salute: 9 guns

1629                       Phulia estate (jagir) renamed Shahpura.
25 Jun 1818                Ceded to the British by Gwalior as part of Ajmer.
27 Jun 1848                Separated from Ajmer.
27 Jun 1848                British protectorate.
 5 Dec 1925                Shahpura formally raised to a state
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
25 Mar 1948                Merged into Rajasthan.

Rulers (title Thakur)
1685 – 27 Dec 1729         Bharat Singh                       (d. 1729)
27 Dec 1729 - 14 Jan 1769  Umaid Singh I                      (d. 1769)
14 Jan 1769 – 29 May 1774  Ram Singh                          (d. 1774)
29 May 1774 – 19 May 1796  Bhim Singh                         (b. c.1715 – d. 1796)
Rulers (title Rajadhiraj)
19 May 1796 –  7 Jul 1827  Amar Singh                         (b. 1784 - d. 1827)

19 May 1796 – c.1802       .... -Regent
 7 Jul 1827 –  5 Jun 1845  Madho Singh                        (b. 1813 - d. 1845)
 5 Jun 1845 – 23 Jun 1853  Jagat Singh                        (b. 1837 - d. 1853)
 5 Jun 1845 – 18..         Rani Khangarotji (f) -Regent
15 Jul 1853 – 11 Jun 1870  Lakshman Singh                     (b. 1852 - d. 1870)
23 Jun 1853 – 11 Jun 1870  Rani Mertaniji (f) -Regent         (b. c.1832 – d. 1916)
11 Jun 1870 -  5 Dec 1925  Nahar Singh                        (b. 1855 - d. 1932)
                             (from 1 Jan 1903, Sir
Nahar Singh)
11 Jun 1870 -  3 Mar 1876  Rani Mertaniji (f) -Regent         (s.a.)
Rajas

 5 Dec 1925 - 24 Jun 1932  Sir Nahar Singh                    (s.a.)

24 Jun 1932 -  3 Feb 1947  Umaid Singh II                     (b. 1876 - d. 1955)
 3 Feb 1947 - 25 Mar 1948  Sudharshandev Singh                (b. 1915 – d. 1992)

Pradhans (from c.1938, Dewans)(chief ministers)
1891 - 19..                Munshi Bholanath Kayasth
 8 Jul 1912 - 1919?        Umaid Singh
(II)(1st time)         (s.a.)
14 Jan 1919 - Nov 1923     Munshi Gopinath
bf.Nov 1924 - 24 Jun 1932  Umaid Singh
(II)(2nd time)         (s.a.)
c.1933 - 1937?             Bhup Singh
c.1937                     Kanwar Jagbhan Singh
 1 Jul 1938 - 1939?        Manishanker Trivedi
bf.1939 – af.1942          Lala Nathulal Puri
Chief minister
Sep 1947 - Mar 1948        Gokul Lal Asawa                    (b. 1901 - d. 1981)  AISPC



Shailana (Sailana)

[Shailana (Sailana)
                        1877-1948 (India)]
1877 - 28 May 1948

Capital: Shailana (Sailana) Population: 40,228 (1941)
State Troops: 70 (1939)
Salute: 11 guns

1730                       State founded
1736                       Capital established at Shailana (Sailana), from this era
                             the state is referred by this name.

 5 Jan 1819                British protectorate.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
28 May 1948                Merged into Madhya Bharat

Rajas
1730 - 1757                Jai Singh                          (b. 1698 - d. 1757)
1757 - 1772                Jaswant Singh I                    (d. 1772)
1772 - 1782                Ajab Singh                         (d. 1782)
1782 - 1797                Mokham Singh                       (d. 1797)
1797 - 1826                Lakshman Singh                     (d. 1826)
1826 - 1827                Ratan Singh                        (d. 1827)
1827 - 23 Aug 1841         Nahar Singh                        (d. 1841)
23 Aug 1841 - 17? Sep 1850 Takhat Singh                       (d. 1850)
1850 - 11 Oct 1895         Dule Singh                         (b. 1838/39 - d. 1895)
1857 - 1859                Rani Nath Kanwarji (f) -Regent     (b. 1795 - d. 1885)
11 Oct 1895 -  4 Aug 1919  Jashwant Singh II                  (b. 1864 - d. 1919)
                             (from 26 Jun 1904, Sir Jashwant Singh II)
 
4 Aug 1919 - 28 May 1948  Dhalip Singh                       (b. 1891 - d. 1961)
                             (from 1 Jan 1936, Sir Dhalip Singh)

Dewans (chief ministers)
 1 Mar 1934 - 193.         Pandit Uttam Narain Nagu
bf.1939 – af.1942          Munshi Enayat Hussain
President of the State Council
bf.1944 – af.1946          Digvijaya Singh                    (b. 1918 – d. 19..)


Shan states: see Shan and Karen states of Burma

Siba (Dada-Siba)

c.1450                     Siba state, also called Dada-Siba, founded.
1803 - 1813                Occupied by Guler.
1813 - 1830                Annexed by Pañjab (Punjab).
1830                       State restored, British protectorate.
1849                       Annexed to British India (part of Punjab; from 15 Apr 1948,
                             Himachal Pradesh).


Rajas
.... - ....                Jaswant Chand            
.... - ....                Bhag Singh
.... - 1750                Lakel Singh
1750 - 1770                Madho Singh                        (d. 1770)
1770 - 1800                Sher Singh                         (d. 1800)
1800 - 1803                Govind Singh (1st time)            (d. 1845)
1803 - 1813                occupied by Guler
1813 - 1830                annexed by Pañjab
1830 - 1845                Govind Singh (2nd time)            (s.a.)
1845 - 1849                Ram Singh                          (d. 1875)

Sikkim: see under India

Sindhya: see Gwalior


Sirmur

Capital: Nahan Population: 156,026
(1941)

State Forces/Troops:
220 (1939)

Salute: 11 guns

1095                       Sirmur state founded.
1803 - 1815                Occupied by Nepal.
21 Sep 1815                British protectorate.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
15 Apr 1948                Merged into Himachal Pradesh.

Rajas
1697 - 1703                Medni Prakash "Mat Prakash"        (d. 1703)
1703 - 1709                Hari Prakash                       (d. 1709)
1709 - 1713                Bhup Prakash                       (d. 1713)
1713 - 1749                Bijay Prakash                      (d. 1749)
1749 - 1754                Pratap Prakash                     (d. 1754) 
1754 - 1773                Kirat Prakash                      (d. 1773)
1773 - 1789                Jatat Prakash                      (d. 1789)
1789 - 1793                Dharm Prakash                      (d. 1793)
1793 - 1803                Karam Prakash II                   (b. 17.. - d. 1826)
1803                       Ratan Prakash                      (d. 1804)
1803 - 1815                occupied by Nepal
1815 – Jun 1850            Fateh Prakash                      (b. 1809 - d. 1850)
1815 - 1827                Guleri Rani Sahiba (f) -Regent
Jun 1850 – 20 Jun 1856     Raghbir Prakash                    (b. 1827 - d. 1856)
20 Jun 1856 –  2 Oct 1898  Shamsher Prakash                   (b. 1846 - d. 1898)
                             (from 31 Dec 1875, Sir Shamsher Prakash)
19 Feb 1857 – 18..         Administrators
                           - Mehta Devi Datt
                           - Moti Ram Bhandari

 2 Oct 1898 -  4 Jul 1911  Surendra Bikram Prakash            (b. 1867 - d. 1911)
                             (from 9 Nov 1901, Sir Surendra Bikram Prakash)
25 Jul 1911 –  1 Jan 1918  Amar Prakash                       (b. 1888 - d. 1933)
                             (from 3 Jun 1915, Sir Amar Prakash)
Maharajas

 1 Jan 1918 - 13 Aug 1933  Sir Amar Prakash                   (s.a.)
13 Aug 1933 - 15 Apr 1948  Rajendra Prakash                   (b. 1913 - d. 1964)
                             (from 12 Jun 1947, Sir Rajendra Prakash)
13 Aug 1933 - 22 Nov 1938  Maharani Mandalasa (f) –Regent     (b. 1896 – d. 1973)

Dewans (chief ministers)
1927? - c.1930             Sardar Kahan Chand
c.1933/36                  Sardar Narain Singh Sardar Bahadur
Vice-Presidents of the State Council

c.1939/40                  Gauri Prashad
c.1942                     Lala Radha Kishan
Chief minister
bf.1944 – af.1946          Janki Nath Atal



Sirohi

[Sirohi state to 1949
                (India)]

Capital: Sirohi Population: 233,870 (1941)
State Forces/Troops:
170 (1939)

Salute: 15 guns

1374                       Sirohi state founded.
11 Sep 1823                British protectorate (by treaty).
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
10 Jun 1948                Merged into Bombay (merger is postponed until 5 Jan 1949).
26 Jan 1950                Transferred to Rajasthan.

Rulers (title Rao)
1697 - 1705                Chattarsal Sing (Durjan Singh)     (d. 1705)
1705 - 1749                Umaid Singh I (Man Singh III)      (b. c.1685 - d. 1749)
1749 - 1772                Prithvi Singh                      (d. 1772)
1773 - 1781                Takhat Singh                       (d. 1781)
1773 - 1781                Jagat Singh -Regent                (d. 1782)
1781 - 1782                Jagat Singh                        (s.a.)

1782 - 1809                Varisalji II (Bairi Sal II)        (b. 1760 - d. 1809)
1809 - 11 Jan 1847         Udaibhan Singh                     (d. 1847)
                            
(ruling powers removed from 1817)
1817 - 11 Jan 1847
         Sheo Singh -Regent                 (d. 1862)
11 Jan 1847
-  8 Dec 1862  Sheo Singh                         (s.a.)
Nov 1861 -  8 Dec 1862     Umaid Singh -Regent                (b. 1833 - d. 1875)
 
8 Dec 1862 - 16 Sep 1875  Umaid Singh II                     (s.a.)

16 Sep 1875 -  1 Jul 1889  Keshri Singh                       (b. 1857 - d. 1925)
Rulers (title Maharao; from 1911, Maharajadhiraja Maharao)
 1 Jul 1889 - 29 Apr 1920  Keshri Singh                       (s.a.)
                             (from 1 Jan 1895, Sir Keshri Singh)
29 Apr 1920 - 23 Jan 1946  Sarup Ram Singh                    (b. 1888 - d. 1946)
                             (from 3 Jun 1924, Sir Sarup Ram Singh)
 5 May
1946 -  5 Jan 1949  Tej Ram Singh                      (b. 1943 - d. 2016)
 
5 May 1946 - 14 Aug 1947  Ichhashankar K. Pandya -Regent     (b. c.1891 - d. 19..)
                             (president of council of administration)
14 Aug 1947 -
  5 Jan 1949  Maharani Krishna                   (d. 1979)
                             Kunverba (f) -Regent 
                             (president of regency council)

Dewans (chief ministers)
18.. - 1869                Ammen Mohammed
1869 – Jan 1871            Munshi Niamat Ali Khan
1877 - 1880                Khubchand Shah
1880 – 1885?               Shri Ami Mohammed
1885 – 189.                Milapchand Anandchand (1st time)
Jun 1892 - May 1898        Singhji Jawer Chand (1st time)     (d. 1904)
May 1898 – Sep 1898        Mehta Dalalji Ijatram
Sep 1898 – Sep 1899        Milapchand
Anandchand (2nd time)
Sep 1899 – 17 Jun 1903     Singhji Jawer Chand (2nd time)     (s.a.)
17 Jun 1903 – 27 Nov 1903  Milapchand
Anandchand (3rd time)
27 Nov 1903 –  4 Sep 1905  Maulvi Nur-ul-Husain               (d. 1905)
12 Sep 1905 – May 1908     Saratchandra Roy Chowdhury
31 May 1908 – 18 Aug 1909  Milapchand
Anandchand (4th time)
18 Aug 1909 – 1910         Jivanlal Lakhia
Chief ministers (title Musahib-i-Ala)
1910 - 1920                Sarup Ram Singh                    (s.a.)
bf.1 Nov1916-af.31 Oct1917 Sadashiv Ram
                             (acting for Sarup Singh?)
1920? – 192.               Harilal Thakore
c.1922                     Rama Kant Malaviya
c.1923                     Khan Bahadur Kazi Niaz Ali
 7 Dec 1929 - 193.         A.R.B. Shuttleworth
28 Mar 1932 - 1940         Edwin George Lister Laird-MacGregor(b. 1874 – d. 1940)
18 Nov 1937 - 11 Feb 1938  R.H. Crisp (acting)
1940 - 15 Sep 1947         Ichhashankar K. Pandya             (s.a.)
Sep 1947 -  5 Jan 1949     Gokulbhai Daulatram Bhatt          (b. 1898 – d. 1986)  AISPC/INC

Agents to the Governor-general (from 1 Apr 1937, Residents) for the Rajputana States
(from 1845 in Abu, Sirohi; as of 1947, in charge of the Eastern Rajputana, Jaipur, Mewar and
Southern Rajputana, and Western Rajputana Agencies)
 1 Apr 1818 - 1825         Sir David Ochterlony -Resident     (b. 1758 - d. 1825)
1825 - 1832                the Residents in Delhi
1832 -  1 Oct 1942         the Chief commissioners of Ajmer-Merwara
                           (see under Ajmer-Merwara)
 1 Oct 1942 - 1946         George Van Baerle Gillan           (b. 1890 - d. 1974)
                             (from 8 Jun 1944, Sir George Van Baerle Gillan)
1946 - 14 Aug 1947         Robert Richardson Burnett          (b. 1897 - d. 1975)
Indian Regional Commissioners for the Rajputana States (in Abu)
c.1948                     Pendyala S. Rao                    (b. 1894 - d. 19..)
1948 - 1949                V.K. Balakrishna Pillai            (b. 1901 - d. 1981)



Sitamau

[Sitamau to 1948 (India)]

Capital: Sitamau Population: 33,461 (1941)
State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: 11 guns

1701                       Sitamau state founded.
 5 Jan 1819                British protectorate.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
28 May 1948                Merged into Madhya Bharat (from 1 Nov 1956, Madhya Pradesh).

Rajas
1701 - 1748                Kesho Das                          (d. 1748)
1748 - 1752                Gaj Singh                          (d. 1752)
1752 - 1802                Fateh Singh                        (d. 1802)
1802 - 1867                Raj Ram Singh I                    (d. 1867)
1867 - 28 May 1885         Bhawani Singh                      (b. 1836 - d. 1885)
 8 Dec 1885 -  7 Apr 1899  Bahadur Singh                      (b. 1833 - d. ....) 
13 Jul 1899 -  9 May 1900  Shardul Singh                      (b. 18.. - d. 1900)
11 May 1900 - 28 May 1948  Raj Ram Singh II                   (b. 1880 - d. 1967)
                             (from 11 Dec 1911, Sir
Raj Ram Singh II)

Presidents of the State Council
Apr 1921 – af.1938         Motilal Himmatlal Avashia
bf.1939 – af.1941          Raghubir Singh                     (b. 1908 – d. 1991)



Sivaganga

c.1730                     Sivaganga state (also known "Lesser Maravar kingdom").
1801                       Reduced to an estate (zamindari)(within Madras).

Rajas
c.1730 - 1750              Vijaya Raghunatha Sasivarna
                             Periyavudaya Thevar
1750 - 1772                Muthu Vaduganatha Periyavudaya
                             Thevar 
1772 - 1790                Velu Nachiyar (f) -Rani             (b. 1730 - d. 1796)
1790 - 1793                Vellachi Nachiyar (f)               (b. 1770 - d. 1793)
1793 - 1801                Vangam Periya Udaya Thevar
                            
(Periya Marudhu Servai)


Sohawal

[Sohawal flag (India)]

Capital: Sohawal Population: 50,435 (1941)
State Troops: 60 (1939)
Salute: None

1550                       Sohawal state founded.
1809                       British protectorate.
1830 - 1833                British administration.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
 4 Apr 1948                Merged into Vindhya Pradesh.

Rulers (title Rais)
.... - ....                Prithvi Raj Singh
.... - 1750                Prithipal Singh

1750 - ....                .... 
1809 - 18..                Lal Aman Singh (1st time)
18.. - 1830                Raghunath Singh                    (d. 1830/33)
1830 - 1833                Vacant
1833 - 1840                Lal Aman Singh (2nd time)
1840 - 1865                Sheo Singh                      
 1 Nov 1865 - 22 Nov 1899  Sher Jang Bahadur Singh            (b. 1853 - d. 1899)
                             (personal style Raja from 1 Jan 1879)
23 Nov 1899 -  9 Nov 1901  Bhagwant Raj Bahadur Singh         (b. 1878 - d. 1930)

Rajas
 9 Nov 1901 - 16 Feb 1930  Bhagwant Raj Bahadur Singh         (s.a.)
16 Feb 1930 -  4 Apr 1948  Jagendra Bahadur Singh             (b. 1899 - d. 1974)

Vice-Presidents of the State Council (chief ministers)
c.1934                     Pandit Narsingh Narain Misra
c.1939                     Jagmohan Singhji



Sonepur (Sonpur)

Capital: Sonepur Raj Population: 248,873 (1941)
State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: 9 guns

1556                       Sonepur state founded.
1803                       British protectorate, ceded by Nagpur as an estate.
1806 – 13 Dec 1826         Restored by the British to Nagpur.
 4 Sep 1867                Sonepur estate (zamindari) becomes a state.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
 1 Jan 1948                Merged into Orissa.

Rajas
1680 - 1700                Purusottam Singh Deo               (d. 1700)
1700 - 1725                Raj Singh Deo                      (d. 1725)
1725 - 1750                Achal Singh Deo                    (d. 1750)
1750 - 1770                Divya Singh Deo                    (d. 1770)
1770 - 1771                Jarawar Singh Deo                  (d. 1771) 
1771 - 1786                Sobha Singh Deo                    (d. 1786)
1786 - 1841                Prithvi Singh Deo                  (d. 1841)
1802 - 1822                Rani Laxmipriya Devi (f) -Regent
1841 - 11 Sep 1891         Niladhar Singh Deo                 (b. 1837 - d. 1891)
1841 - 1847                Bapu Dalpat Rai -Regent
1847 - 1855                Rani Gundicha Devi (f) -Regent     (d. af.1862)
11 Sep 1891 -  8 Aug 1902  Pratap Rudra Singh                 (b. 1853 - d. 1902)
 8 Aug 1902 -  8 Nov 1908  Bir Mitrodaya Singh Deo            (b. 1874 - d. 1937)
Maharajas

 8 Nov 1908 - 29 Apr 1937  Bir Mitrodaya Singh Deo            (s.a.)
                             (from 1 Jan 1918, Sir Bir Mitrodaya Singh Deo)
29 Apr 1937 -  1 Jan 1948  Sudhansu Shekhar Singh Deo         (b. 1899 - d. 1963)

First member of the State Administration (chief minister)
c.1930 - 1939              B.C. Mazumdar


Soor: see Idar


Suket

[Suket State flag to 1948
                (India)]

Capital: Baned Population: 71,092 (1941)
State Forces/Troops:
50 (1939)

Salute: 11 guns

c.765                      Suket state founded.
1809 - 1846                Tributary to Punjab.
1846                       British protectorate.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
15 Apr 1948                Merged into Himachal Pradesh.

Rajas
1663 - 1721                Jit Sen                            (d. 1721)
1721 - 1748                Garur Sen                          (b. 1693 - d. 1748)
1748 - 1762                Bhikam Sen                         (d. 1762)
1762 - 1791                Ranjit Sen                         (d. 1791)
1791 - 1838                Bikram Sen II                      (b. 17.. - d. 1838)
1838 - 1876                Ugar Sen II                        (d. 1876)
1876 - 1879                Rudar Sen                          (b. 1828 - d. 1886)
1879                       Arimardan Sen                      (b. 1863 - d. 1879)
29 Mar 1879 - 27 May 1908  Dusht Nikandan Sen                 (b. 1865 - d. 1908)

29 Mar 1879 - 1884         Regency
                           - Sahib Singh
                           - Jaggat Singh
27 May 1908 - 12 Oct 1919  Bhim Sen                           (b. 1885 - d. 1919)

                             (from 1 Jan 1918, Sir Bhim Sen)
13 Oct 1919 - 15 Apr 1948  Lakshman Sen                       (b. 1895 - d. 1970)

Wazirs (chief ministers)
1879 - 1884                Munshi Hardyal Singh
                           + Raja Rudr Sen
1884 - 1891                J.S. Donald
  
Mar 1891 - May 1893        C.J. Hallifax (manager)
1893 - 1895                Lala Hukm Chand
1895 - 1897                Lala Achru Ram
1897                       Syad Abdulla
1898 - c.1899              Syad Ali

1902 - 19..                Seth Pana Lal
Chief secretary
c.1939                     M.K. Wali



Surat


[Surat princely state to
              1842 (India)]

14 Jun 1733                Mughal governor with style Kiladar establishes
                             Surat state.
 4 Mar 1759                British protectorate.
27 Feb 1763                Declares independence from the Mughals.
14 May 1800                Ruler surrenders ruling power to the British, state administered by
                             the British (as part of Bombay); the ruler becomes a British
                             pensioner.
 8 Aug 1842                British declare the title and privileges of the Nawab lapsed.    
 
Rulers (title Nawab)[titular from 1800]
14 Jun 1733 -  7 Sep 1746  Tegh Beg Khan "Mirza Gul"          (b. 1665 - d. 1746)
 7 Sep 1746 - Feb 1747     Beglar Khan "Mirza Gada Beg"       (b. 1667 - d. 1747)
Feb 1747 - 1748            Safdar Muhammad Khan (1st time)    (d. 1758)
                             "Mirza Ghulam Mahmud"
1748 - 1750                Mir Mo`in ad-Din Muhammad Khan     (d. 1763)  
                             "Mian Achchan" (1st time)  
1750 - 21/26 Feb 1758      Safdar Muhammad Khan (2nd time)    (s.a.)
                             "Mirza Ghulam Mahmud"
21/26 Feb 1758-2 Dec 1758  `Ali Nawaz Khan                    (d. 1759)
 2 Dec 1758 - 27 Feb 1763  Mir Mo`in ad-Din Muhammad Khan     (s.a.)  
                             "Mian Achchan" (2nd time)
27 Feb 1763 - Mar 1790     Mir Hafiz ud-din Ahmad Khan        (b. c.1736 - d. 1790)
Mar 1790 -  8 Jan 1799     Mir ud-din Muhammad Khan           (d. 1799)
 8 Jan 1799 - 23 Sep 1821  Mir Nasir ud-din Muhammad Khan     (d. 1821)
23 Sep 1821 -  8 Aug 1842  Mir Afzal ud-din Muhammad Khan     (b. c.1782 - d. 1842)


Surgana

[Surgana to 1948 (India)]

Capital: Surgana Population: 18,291 (1941)
State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: None

bf.1800                    Surgana state founded.
1818                       British protectorate.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
10 Jun 1948                Merged into Bombay (from 1 May 1960, Gujarat).

Rulers (title Deshmukh)
bf.1800 - 1818             .....
1818 - 1819                Malhar Rao                         (d. 1819)

1819 - 1820                Bhikaji Rao
1820 - 1854                Jashwant Rao I Bhikaji Rao
1854 - 1867                Muvar Rao
1867 -  2 Jun 1898         Shankar Rao Ravi Rao               (b. 1849 - d. ....)
1898 - 22 Jun 1930         Pratap Rao Shankar Rao             (b. 1880 - d. 1930)
1930 - 1936                Jashwant Rao II Pratap Rao         (b. 1902 - d. 19..)
Apr 1936 - 10 Jun 1948     Dhairyashitra Rao Jashwant Rao     (b. 1922 - d. 2003)
1936 – c.1942              Managers (regents)
                           - Daulatsinhji Sisodia (c.1937)
                           - Wasudeo D. Mahendale (c.1939)



Surguja

[Surguja to 1948 (India)]

Capital: Ambikapur Population: 551,752 (1941)
State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: None

24 Dec 1819                British protectorate, ceded by Nagpur (transferred already in
                             1818), remains an estate.
15 Jun 1820                Surguja estate (zamindari) becomes a state.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
 1 Jan 1948                Merged into Central Provinces
(26 Jan 1950 - 1 Nov 2000
                             Madhya Pradesh; from 1 Nov 2000 Chhattisgarh).

Rajas
1678 - 1709                Baiha Dadu Singh Deo
1709 - 1728                Balbhadra Singh I Deo
1728 - 1749                Jaswat Singh Deo
1749 - 1758                Bahadur Sigh Deo
1760 - 17..                Sheo Singh Deo
1792 - 1799                Ajit Singh Deo
1799 - 1800                Balbhadra Singh II Deo (1st time)
1800 - 1813                Lal Singram Singh Deo
1813 - 1816                Balbhadra Singh II Deo (2nd time)
1816 - 1820                interregnum
1820 - 1851                Lal Amar Singh Deo
                            (from 1826 with personal style Maharaja)
1851 - 25 Mar 1879         Indrajit Singh Deo                 (b. 1827 - d. 1879)
25 Mar 1879 - 31 Dec 1917  Raghunath Saran Singh Deo          (b. 1860 - d. 1917)
                            (from 1887 with personal style Maharaja;
                             from 1896 Maharaja Bahadur)
31 Dec 1917 - 1918         Ramanuj Saran Singh Deo            (b. 1895 - d. 1965)
Maharaja
1918 -  1 Jan 1948         Ramanuj Saran Singh Deo            (s.a.)

Dewans (chief ministers)
c.1940                     Hiralal L. Varma
c.1946                     Rao Sahib Ragho Raj Singh


Swat: see Pakistan


Talcher

[Talcher to 1948 (India)]

Capital: Talcher Population: 86,432 (1941)
State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: None

c.1471                     Talcher state founded.
1803                       British protectorate (then spelled Tolchair).        
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
 1 Jan 1948                Merged into Orissa.

Rajas
1651 - 1711                Gopinath Birabar Harichandan
1711 - 1729                Ramchandra Birabar Harichandan     (b. 1657? - d. 1729)
1729 - 1740                Pitambar Birabar Harichandan       (d. 1740)
1740 - 1752                Lalsingh Birabar Harichandan
1752 - 1765                Krishna Chandra Birabar Harichandan
1765 - 1766                Chandra Sekhar Birabar Harichandan
1766 - 1774                Ayadi Birabar Harichandan          (b. 1742? - d. 1774)
1774 - 1778                Nimai Charan Champati Birabar 
                             Harichandan
1778 - 1846                Bhagirathi Birabar Harichandan     (d. 1846)
1778 - ....                Vighneswar Raiguru -Regent
1846 - 1873                Dayanidhi Birabar Harichandan      (b. 1801 - d. 1873)

1873 - 18 Dec 1891         Ramchandra Birabar Harichandan     (b. 1856 - d. 1891)
18 Dec 1891 -  7 Nov 1945  Kishor Chandra Birabar Harichandan (b. 1880 - d. 1945)
 7 Nov 1945 -  1 Jan 1948  Hrudaya Chandra Dev Birabar        (b. 1902 - d. 1970)
                             Harichandan Mahapatra

Pattayet (from c.1943, Dewan)(chief minister)
bf.1939 - af.1946          Promode Chandra Deb                (b. 1903 - d. af.1961)



Tanjur (Tanjore)


[Tanjur
                          (Tanjore) Flag c.1797 (India)]
Flag c.1797
1674                       A branch of the Mahratta Bhonsle family displaces an earlier
                             lineage in Tanjur (Tanjore).
1773 - 1776                Nawab of Arcot enforces his rights of suzerain and occupies Tanjur.
11 Jun 1783                Tanjur a British protectorate.

20 Oct 1799                Tanjur (Tanjore), with the exception of the capital fortress, is
                             fully administered by British India (as part of Madras); the
                             ruler becomes a British pensioner.
30 Oct 1855                British declare the title and privileges of the Raja lapsed.

Rajas [titular from 1799]
Jan 1685 - 1712            Shahuji I                          (b. 1672 - d. 1712)
1712 - 1729                Sarfoji I                          (b. 1675 - d. 1729)
1729 - 1736                Tukoji (Thulaja)                   (b. 1677 - d. 1736)
1736 - 1737                Venkoji II "Baba Sahib"            (b. 1696 - d. 1737)
1737 - 1738                Pratapsinha (1st time)             (d. 1763)
1737 - 1738                Rani Sujana Bai (f) -Regent        (d. 1738)
1738 - 1739                Shahuji II (Kattu Raje)(usurper)   (d. 1741)
1739 - 16 Dec 1763         Pratapsinha (2nd time)             (s.a.)
16 Dec 1763 - 1787         Tuljaji                            (b. 1738 - d. 1787)
                             (prisoner of Nawab of Arcot 16 Sep 1773 - 11 Apr 1776)
23 Jan 1787 - 1793         Sarabhoji II (Sarfoji II)          (b. 1777 - d. 1832)
                             (1st time)
23 Jan 1787 - 1793         Amar Singh -Regent                 (b. 17.. - d. 1802)
1793 - 29 Jun 1798         Amar Singh                         (s.a.)
29 Jun 1798 -  7 Mar 1832  Sarabhoji II (Sarfoji II)          (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
 7 Mar 1832 - 30 Oct 1855  Shivaji                            (d. 1855)

British East India Company Residents in Tanjore
1781 - 1785                John Sullivan                      (b. 1749 - d. 1839)
1785 - 1787                John Hudleston                     (b. 1749 - d. 1835)
1787 - Oct 1789            Alexander Macleod (1st time)
1789 - 1792                George Andrew Ram
1792? - 1797               Alexander Macleod (2nd time)
1797 - 1798                Alexander Grant
1798 - 1803                Benjamin Torin                     (b. 1768 - d. 1839)
1803 -  3 Mar 1823         William Blackburne                 (b. 1764 - d. 1839)
 
7 Aug 1809 -  4 Mar 1810  Butler (acting for Blackburne)
 4 Mar 1823 - 21 Aug 1824  William Hardy

22 Aug 1824 -  9 Nov 1830  John Fyfe
10 Nov 1830 - 31 Dec 1830  W. Tweedie (acting)
 1 Jan 1831 - 31 Mar 1831  W. Hudlestone
 1 Apr 1831 - 16 Aug 1832  J. Blackurne
17 Aug 1832 - 18 Oct 1834  Archibald Douglas (1st time)
19 Oct 1834 - 20 Jul 1837  T. Macleane
21 Jul 1837 - 20 Oct 1837  C.M. Macleane (acting)
21 Oct 1837 -  2 Jul 1839  T. Macleane
 3 Jul 1839 - 23 Sep 1839  W. Lockhart (1st time)(acting)
24 Sep 1839 - 14 Oct 1839  T. Macleane
15 Oct 1839 - 13 Nov 1839  W. Lockhart (2nd time)(acting)
14 Nov 1839 -  3 Apr 1840  Archibald Douglas (2nd time)
 4 Apr 1840 -  6 Jul 1840  Halpin
 7 Jul 1840 - 20 Mar 1841  Archibald Douglas (3rd time)
21 Mar 1841 - 14 Apr 1841  Selby
15 Apr 1841 - 21 Dec 1841  W.H. Bayley


Taraon

Capital: Pathraundi Population: 3,841 (1941)
State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: None

1812                       British recognize an estate as a state.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
 4 Apr 1948                Merged into Vindhya Pradesh (on 26 Jan 1950, transferred
                             to Uttar Pradesh).

Rulers (title Chaube)
1812 - 1840                Gaya Prasad                        (d. 1840)
1840 - 1856                Kamta Prasad                       (d. 1856)
1856 - 1872                Ram Chand                          (d. 1872)
1872 - 1895                Chhaturbhuj                        (b. 1863 - d. 1895)
1895 - 1930                Brij Gopal                         (b. 1864 - d. 19..)
1930 -  4 Apr 1948         Ganga Prasad                       (b. 1904 - d. 1968)
                             (administrator 1925-1930)


Tehri Garhwal

[Tehri Garhwal state flag to
                1949 (India)]

Capital: Narendranagar Population: 397,362 (1941)
State Forces/Troops:
350 (1939)

Salute: 11 guns

823 AD                     Garhwal (Grihavala) state founded in late antiquity.
1791 - Jan 1804            Nepalese protectorate.
Jan 1804 - 1815            Garhwal state extinguished by Nepal.
21 Apr 1815                Tehri Garhwal state created.
 
4 Mar 1820                British protectorate.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
 1 Aug 1949                Merged into United Provinces (from 26 Jan 1950,
                             Uttar Pradesh).
 9 Nov 2000                Part of Uttaranchal (from 1 Jan 2007, Uttarakhand).

Rajas
Jul 1665 - 1716            Fateh Shah                         (b. 1632 - d. 1716)
1716 - 1717                Dalip Shah                         (d. 1717)
1717  (9 months)           Upendra Shah                       (b. 1695 - d. 1717)

1717 - Dec 1772            Pradip Shah                        (b. 1709 - d. 1772)
1717 - 1727                Maharani .... (f) -Regent
Dec 1772 - Aug 1780        Lalit Shah                         (b. 1750 - d. 1780)
1780 - 1785                Jaykrit Shah                       (b. 1763 - d. 1785)
1785 - Jan 1804            Pradyuman Shah                     (b. 1775 - d. 1804) 
1804 - 1815                extinguished by Nepal
21 Apr 1815 -  7 Jun 1859  Sudarshan Shah                     (b. 1784 - d. 1859)
 7 Jun 1859 - Dec 1871     Bhawani Shah                       (d. 1871)
Dec 1871 -  6 Feb 1887     Pratap Shah                        (b. 1850 - d. 1887)
 6 Feb 1887 - 25 Apr 1913  Kirti Shah                         (b. 1874 - d. 1913)
                             (from 1 Jan 1903, Sir Kirti Shah)
 6 Feb 1887 - 1888         Vikram Shah -Regent
1888 - 16 Mar 1892         Maharani Gulariyaji                (b. 18.. - d. 1926)
                             Sahiba (f) -Regent
Maharajas
25 Apr 1913 - 26 May 1946  Narendra Shah                      (b. 1898 - d. 1950)
                             (from 2 Jan 1922, Sir Narendra Shah)
16 May 1913 -  4 Oct 1919  Maharani Lakshmi Devi (f) -Regent  (d. 1923)
27 May 1946 -  1 Aug 1949  Manabendra Shah                    (b. 1921 - d. 2007)

Chief ministers
c.1930                     Kunwar Bichitra Shah Saheb
c.1939                     Jagat Prakash Jung
c.1945                     Ram Behari Sahi


Thana Devli: see Amarnagar

Tharad

[Tharad to 1948 (India)]

Capital: Tharad Population: 62,157 (1941)
State Troops:
None (1939)

Salute: None

1759                       Tharad state founded.
1820                       Tharad and most of other Banas Kantha states became the British
                             protectorates (by the Banas Kantha settlement of 1820/21), their
                             tribute to Baroda ended, unless regulated by the British.   

1820
- 1948                Part of the Sabar Kantha (to 1933, Banas Kantha) semi-jurisdictional
                             states
(see under Malpur), as of 1947 the precedence among the
                             Banas Kantha states was held by Tharad.

10 Jul 1943 - 15 Aug 1947  Attached (British jurisdictional authority granted) to
Baroda.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
10 Jun 1948                Merged into Bombay (from 1 May 1960, Gujarat).

Rulers (title Thakur)
1759 - 1786                Khanji                             (d. 1786)
1786 - 1823                Harbhamji Khanji                   (d. 1823)
1823 - 1859                Karansinhji Vanaji                 (d. 1859)
1859 - 1892                Khengarsinhji Vanaji               (b. 1836 - d. 1892)
1892 - 1910                Abhaisinhji Khengarsinhji          (b. 1859 - d. 1910)
 
2 Sep 1910 - Feb 1921     Daulatsinhji Abhaisinhji           (b. 1881 - d. 1921)
19 Feb 1921 - 10 Jun 1948  Bhimsinhji Daulatsinhji            (b. 1900 - d. ....)

Karbhari (state managers)
c.1930                     Dahyabhai J. Patidar
c.1939                     Chunilalbhai K. Patwari



Tharoch

Capital: Tharoch Population: 5,363 (1941)
State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: None

14..                       Tharoch (also called Tiroch or Taroch) state founded.
1803 - 1815                Occupied by Nepal.
1815                       British protectorate.
1841 - 1843                Occupied by Jubbal.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
15 Apr 1948                Merged into Himachal Pradesh.

Rulers (title Rana to 1803, then Thakur Sahib)
1787 - 1803                Lacchu Singh                       (d. 1815)     
1803 - 1815                occupied by Nepal

1815 - 1819                Karam Singh                        (d. 1819)
1819 - 1839                Jhobu 
Singh                        (d. 1839)
1839 - 1841                Shyam Singh                        (d. 1841)
1841 - 1843                occupied by Jubbal
1843 - 1877                Ranjit Singh                       (d. 1877)                 
20 May 1877 - 13 Jul 1902  Kidar Singh                        (b. 1865 - d. 1902)
1871 - 1889?               Kanwar Tikam Singh -Regent         (b. 1845 - d. ....)
14 Jul 1902 - 1948         Surat Singh                        (b. 1887 - d. 1948)
                             (from 1929, personal style Rana)

1948 - 15 Apr 1948         Baljit Singh                       (b. 1934)



Tigiria

Capital: Tigiria Population: 26,331 (1941)
State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: None

c.1246                     Tigiria state according to tradition.
1803                       British protectorate (then spelled Tigerea).
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
 1 Jan 1948                Merged into Orissa.

Rajas
1682 - 1742                Sankaraswar Mandhata
1743 - 17..                Gopinath Chamupati Singh
17.. - 1793                Jadumani Rai Singh
1797 - 1844                Jagannath Chamupati Singh
1844 -  8 Apr 1886         Harihar Kshatriya Birbar           (b. 1826 - d. 1886)
                             Chamupati Singh Mahapatra
 8 Apr 1886 -  1 Apr 1933  Banamali Kshatriya Birbar          (b. 1857 - d. 1933)
                             Chamupati Singh Mahapatra
 
1 Apr 1933 - 1943         Sudarshan Kshatriya Birbar         (b. 1883 - d. 1943)
                             Chamupati Singh Mahapatra
16 Jun 1943 -  1 Jan 1948  Brajraj Kshatriya Birbar           (b. 1921 - d. 2015)
                             Chamupati Singh Mahapatra

Chief minister
1947                       Udayanath Sahoo                                         AISPC



Tiruvidamkodu/Tiruvankur (Travancore)
 
[Tiruvankur
                          (Travancore) State Flag 19th cent (India)]
19h cent. State Flag
[Tiruvankur
                          (Travancore) State Flag to 1949 (India)]
  to 1 Jul 1949 State Flag
[Tiruvankur
                          (Travancore) Civil Flag c.1939-1949 (India)]
c.1939 - 1 Jul 1949 Civil Flag
[Travancore
                          Merchant Flag 1921-1947 (India)]
2 Aug 1921 - 14 Aug 1947 Merchant Flag
Map of Travancore Capital: Trivandrum
(Padmanabhapuram 1729-95)

Population: 6,070,018 (1941) Salute: 19 guns
Travancore Interim Constitution Act
(24 Mar 1948)
Anthem
"Vanchi Bhumi"
Ethnic groups: Malayalam
85%, Tamil 14%,
other 1% (1941)
Religions: Hindu 58%,
Christian 32%, Muslim 7%,
other 3% (1941)
Currency: Travancore Rupee (to 1949) Exports: 97 million Indian
Rupees (1930/31)
Imports: 77 million Indian
Rupees (1930/31)
State Forces: 4,082 (1945)

c.1100                     Cheraman dynasty inaugurated; it succeeds various
                             successor states of the ancient Cheralam empire.
1741                       Elayadathu Swarupam annexed.
1749                       Vadakkumkur annexed.
1750                       Thekkumkur annexed.
17 Nov 1795                British protectorate, confirmed 3 Jul 1805 (by treaty).
15 Aug 1947                Accedes conditionally to India.
 1 Jul 1949                Acceded fully to India, merged into Travancore-Cochin state
                             (from 1 Nov 1956, Kerala).

Rajas (officially Chiravai Muppan Padmanabhadasa)
Jan/Feb 1677 - 1678        Ravi Varma (1st time)              (b. 1668 - d. 1704)
1677 - 1678                Rani Umayamma (f) -Regent(1st time)(d. 1706)
1678 - 1681                Kerala Varma (in dissidence)       (d. 1693)
1681 - 1704
                Ravi Varma (2nd time)              (s.a.)
1681 - 1684                Regency
                           - Rani Umayamma
(f) (2nd time)     (s.a.)
                           - Prince Kerala Varma of Tampuran
1704 - 1705
                Aditya Varma (1st time)            (d. 1721)
Feb 1705 - Dec 1707        Unni Kerala Varma III              (d. 1707)

1707 - 24 May 1711         Kulasekhara Perumal                (d. 1711)
24 May 1711 - Feb 1721     Aditya Varma (2nd time)            (s.a.)

                             (in dissidence 1707 - Jan 1711)
Feb 1721 - 27 Jan 1729     Rama Varma I                       (d. 1729)

27 Jan 1729 - 30 Aug 1729  Rama Varma (II)                    (d. 1729)
30 Aug 1729 -  7 Jul 1758  Martanda Varma III                 (b. 1706 - d. 1758)

 7 Jul 1758 - 17 Feb 1798  Dharma Varma II                    (b. 1724 - d. 1798)
17 Feb 1798 -  7 Nov 1810  Bala Rama Varma I                  (b. 1782 - d. 1810)
 7 Nov 1810 - 16 Apr 1813  Rani Ghauri Lakshmi Bai (f)-Regent (b. 1791 - d. 1815)
                             (1st time)
16 Apr 1813 - 27 Dec 1846  Rama Varma III                     (b. 1813 - d. 1846)
16 Apr 1813 - 18 Aug 1815  Rani Ghauri Lakshmi Bai (f)-Regent (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
18 Aug 1815 - 21 Apr 1829  Ghauri Parvati Bai (f) -Regent     (b. 1802 - d. 1853)
27 Dec 1846 - 18 Aug 1860  Martanda Varma IV                  (b. 1814 - d. 1860)
18 Aug 1860 -  6 Aug 1866  Rama Varma IV                      (b. 1832 - d. 1880)
                             (from 12 Feb 1866, Sir Rama Varma IV)
Maharajas

 6 Aug 1866 - 30 May 1880  Sir Rama Varma IV                  (s.a.)
30 May 1880 -  4 Aug 1885  Rama Varma V                       (b. 1837 - d. 1885)
                             (from 23 May 1882, Sir Rama Varma V)
 4 Aug 1885 -  7 Aug 1924  Rama Varma VI                      (b. 1857 - d. 1924)

                             (from 24 May 1888, Sir Rama Varma VI)
 7 Aug 1924 -  1 Jul 1949  Bala Rama Varma II                 (b. 1912 - d. 1991)
                             (from 3 Jun 1935, Sir Bala Rama Varma II)
 7 Aug 1924 -  6 Nov 1931  Maharani Lakshmi Bayi
(f) -Regent  (b. 1895 - d. 1985)

Dalawa (chief ministers)
1729 - 1736                Arumukham Pillai
1736 - 1737                Thanu Pillai
1737 - 1756                Rama Iyen
1756 - 1763                Martanda Pillai                    (d. 1763)
                             (Tampi Chempakaraman Ayyappan Martandan) 
1763 - 1768                Warkala Subbayyan
                             (Varkalay Subba Iyen)
1768 - 1776                Krishna Gopalayyan
1776 - 1780                Vadiswaran Subbrahmanya Iyer           
1780 - 1782                Mullen Chempakaraman Pillai
1782 - 1788                Nagercoil Rama Iyen (Ramayyan)
1788 - 1789                Krishnan Chempakaraman
1789 - Apr 1799            Kesava(n) Das Pillai               (d. 1799)
Apr 1799 - Jun 1799        Jayantha(n) Sankaran Namboodiri
                             (Namburi)
Jun 1799 - 22 Aug 1800     Ayyappan Chembaka Rama(n) Pillai

23 Aug 1800 - 23 Apr 1801  Parasala Padmanabhan Tampi
                             Chempakaraman
23 Apr 1801 - 24 Feb 1809  Velu Thampi                        (d. 1809)
15 Mar 1809 - Jun 1811     Ummini Thampi 
Dewans (chief ministers)
Jun 1811 - 1814            John Munro                         (b. 1778 - d. 1858)
1814 - 1815 (5 months)     Padmanabhan
1815                       Bappu Rao (acting)
1815 - 1816 (10 months)    Subbien (Subha Iyer)
                             Sankaranarayana Iyen

1816 - Sep 1817            Raman Menon
Sep 1817 - 1821            Reddy Rao (1st time)
1821 - 1830                T. Venkata Rao (1st time)          (d. 1843) 
1830 - 1837                Thanjavur Subha Rao (1st time)
1837 - 1838                R. Ranga Rao
1838 - 1839                T. Venkata Rao (2nd time)          (s.a.) 

1839 - Jun 1842            Thanjavur Subha Rao (2nd time) 
1842 - 1843                Krishna Rao (1st time)(acting)     (d. 1857)
1843 - 1845                Reddy Rao (2nd time)
1845 - Dec 1846            Srinivasa Rao
Dec 1846 - Dec 1857        Krishna Rao (2nd time)             (s.a.)
                             (acting to Mar 1847)
Jan 1858 - May 1872        Sir Madhav Rao Thanjavurkar        (b. c.1828 - d. 1891)
May 1872 - 1877            Amaravati Seshayya Sastri
         (b. 1828 - d. 1903) 
17 Aug 1877 - Sep? 1880    Neyyoor Nannu Pillai               (b. 1827 – d. 1886)
1880 - Jan 1887            Vembaukum Ramiyengar               (b. 1826 - d. 1887) 
Jan 1887 - Aug 1892        T. Rama Rao                        (b. c.1831 - d. 1895)  
1892 - Apr 1898            S. Shungrasoobyer
                 (b. 1836 - d. 1904)  
                             (Sankara Subha Iyer)
Apr 1898 - Mar 1904        Kanchi Krishnaswamy Rao            (b. 1845 - d. 1923)

24 Mar 1904 - 26 Mar 1906 
Vishwanath Patankar Madhava Rao    (b. 1850 - d. 1934)
26 Mar 1906 - 16 Aug 1906  T. Rajaram Rao (acting)
16 Aug 1906 – 26 Oct 1907  Sarukkai Gopalachari 
             (b. 1850 - d. 19..)  
                            
(Gopalacharyar)
26 Oct 1907 – 11 May 1914  Sir Perungavur Rajagopalachari     (b. 1862 - d. 1927)
11 May 1914 – 7 July 1920  Mannath Krishnan Nair              (b. 1870 – d. 1938)

 8 Jul 1920 - 18 May 1925  Thodla Raghavaiah
1925 - Jun 1929            Maurice Emygdius Watts             (b. 1878 - d. 1933)

24 Jun 1929 - 18 Feb 1932  V.S. Subrahmanya Iyer              (b. 1877 - d. 19..)
 
19 Feb 1932 - 1934         Thomas Austin                      (b. 1887 - d. 1976)

1934 - 1936                Sir Mohammad Habibullah            (b. 1869 - d. 1948) 

 
8 Oct 1936 – 19 Aug 1947  Sir Chetpat P. Ramaswami Iyer      (b. 1879 - d. 1966)
19 Aug 1947 - 24 Mar 1948  P.G.N. Unnithan                    (b. 1898 - d. 1965)  Non-party
Prime ministers
24 Mar 1948 - 17 Oct 1948  Pattom Thanu Pillai (1st time)     (b. 1885 - d. 1970)  INC
22 Oct 1948 -  1 Jul 1949  T.K. Narayan Pillai                (b. 1890 - d. 1971)  INC

British Advisers in Travancore
1788                       John Alexander Bannerman           (b. 1759 - d. 1819)
 8 Oct 1788 - 1800         George Powney

British Residents for Travancore
10 May 1800 -  4 Mar 1810  Colin Macaulay                     (b. 1760 - d. 1836)

23 Mar 1810 - 24 Jan 1819  Sir John Munro                     (s.a.)
23 Apr 1819 -  7 Nov 1820  S. MacDowall                       (d. 1820)
 7 Nov 1820 - 11 May 1827  David Newall                       (d. 1827)
11 May 1827 - 1833         Edward Cadogan                     (b. 1787 - d. 1857)
1828 - 1829                William Morrison (acting for Cadogan)
24 Jun 1833 - 1836         James Archibald Casamajor          (b. 1784 - d. 1863)
12 Jan 1836 - 1838         James Stuart Fraser                (b. 1783 - d. 1869)
15 Aug 1838 - Nov 1839     A. Douglas
 1 Nov 1839 - Sep 1840     Thomas Maclean
 8 Sep 1840 - 11 Jan 1860  William Cullen                     (b. 1785 - d. 1862)
11 Jan 1860 -  1 May 1862  Francis Newcombe Maltby            (b. 1812? - d. 1877)
 1 May 1862 -  7 Apr 1864  William Fisher
15 Apr 1864 - 26 Feb 1867  Henry Newill (1st time)            (d. 1869)
26 Feb 1867 - 26 May 1867  Atholl MacGregor (1st time)        (b. 1836 - d. 1922)
27 May 1867 - 25 Mar 1869  Henry Newill (2nd time)            (s.a.)
25 Mar 1869 - 1870         George Alexander Ballard (1st time)(b. 1826 - d. 1892)
31 Mar 1870 - Jun 1871     James Innes Minchin                (b. 1825 - d. 1903)
22 Jun 1871 - Jul 1874     George Alexander Ballard (2nd time)(s.a.)
13 Jul 1874 - 14 Oct 1874  Alleyne Fitzherbert Fenton         (b. 1833 - d. 1915)
                             Bloomfield
14 Oct 1874 - Apr 1875    
George Alexander Ballard (3rd time)(s.a.)
Apr 1875 - Oct 1875        Woulfe Hay                         (b. 1836 - d. 1910)
11 Oct 1875 - 1877         Atholl MacGregor (2nd time)        (s.a.)
10 Mar 1877 - Feb 1878     Henry Edward Sullivan (acting)
20 Feb 1878 - Mar 1879     John Child Hannyngton (1st time)   (b. 1835 - d. 1895)
28 Mar 1879 - Mar 1881     Atholl MacGregor (3rd time)        (s.a.)
 1 Apr 1881 - May 1883     John Child Hannyngton (2nd time)   (s.a.)
 6 May 1883 - Feb 1884     William Logan (acting)
25 Feb 1884 - Aug 1884     Richard Wellesley Barlow (acting)  (b. 1836 - d. 1904)
15 Aug 1884 - Jul 1887     John Child Hannyngton (3rd time)   (s.a.)
 7 Jul 1887 - Oct 1887     Harry North Dalrymple Prendergast  (b. 1834 - d. 1913)
                             (acting)
 7 Oct 1887 - Jul 1890     John Child Hannyngton (4th time)   (s.a.)
16 Jul 1890 - Nov 1891     Henry Bidewell Grigg (1st time)    (b. 1841 - d. 1895)
 5 Nov 1891 - Nov 1892     John Child Hannyngton (5th time)   (s.a.)
 8 Nov 1892 - Apr 1895     Henry Bidewell Grigg (2nd time)    (s.a.)
15 Apr 1895 - Jul 1895     John David Rees (1st time)         (b. 1854 - d. 1922)
12 Jul 1895 - Aug 1896     James Thomson
 8 Aug 1896 - Dec 1896     John David Rees (2nd time)(acting) (s.a.)
15 Dec 1896 - Jul 1897     Frederick Augustus Nicholson       (b. 1846 - d. 1936)
                             (1st time)(acting)
17 Jul 1897 - Aug 1898     John David Rees (3rd time)         (s.a.)
22 Aug 1898 - Jul 1899     Frederick Augustus Nicholson       (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)                         
11 Jul 1899 - Nov 1904     Gordon Thomson Mackenzie           (b. 1848 - d. 19..)
19 Nov 1904 - Mar 1906     James Andrew
16 Mar 1906 - May 1908     Reginald Childers Culling Carr     (b. 1864 - d. 1951)
                             (1st time)
24 May 1908 - Feb 1909     John Davidson (acting)
23 Feb 1909 - Sep 1910     Reginald Childers Culling Carr     (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
 8 Sep 1910 - Feb 1912     Arthur Trevor Forbes (1st time)    (b. 1866 - d. 1933)
11 Feb 1912 - Mar 1913     Robert Arthur Graham (1st time)    (b. 1870 - d. af.1939)
                             (acting)
20 Mar 1913 - Mar 1915     Arthur Trevor Forbes (2nd time)    (s.a.)
25 Mar 1915 - Nov 1916     Robert Arthur Graham (2nd time)    (s.a.)
                             (acting)
Nov 1916 – Feb 1917        Alexander Robertson Cumming        (b. 1871 - d. 19..)
15 Feb 1917 - Dec 1920     Harold Lithgow Braidwood           (b. 1872 - d. 1949)
 2 Dec 1920 - Jun 1923     Harold Hamilton Burkitt            (b. 1876 - d. 1961)
Agents to the Governor-general (from 1 Apr 1937, Residents) for Madras States
(in Trivandrum; as of 1947, in charge of Cochin, Pudukkottai and Travancore states)
26 Jun 1923 - May 1926     Charles William Egerton Cotton     (b. 1874 - d. 1931)
                             (1st time)
 4 May 1926 - 11 Nov 1926  Harold Anselm Bellamy Vernon       (b. 1874 - d. 1945)
                             (acting)
11 Nov 1926 - 18 Apr 1928  Charles William Egerton Cotton     (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
 4 May 1926 - 11 Nov 1926  Harold Anselm Bellamy Vernon       (b. 1874 - d. 1945)
                             (acting)
 9 Nov 1926 - 18 Apr 1928  Charles William Egerton Cotton     (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
19 Apr 1928 -  4 Dec 1929  Charles Gilbert Crosthwaite        (b. 1878 - d. 1940)
14 Dec 1929 - 20 Oct 1930  Alexander Norman Ley Cater         (b. 1880 - d. 1957)
21 Oct 1930 - 21 Nov 1932  Hugh Robert Norman Pritchard       (b. 1879 - d. 1967)
21 Nov 1932 - 22 Feb 1935  Donald Muyle Field                 (b. 1881 - d. ....)
22 Feb 1935 - 19 Nov 1936  William Arthur MacDonnell Garstin  (b. 1882 - d. 1975)
20 Nov 1936 - 15 Jan 1939  Clarmont Percival Skrine           (b. 1888 - d. 1974)
16 Jan 1939 - 1943         George Francis Murphy              (b. 1883 - d. 1962)
16 Mar 1943 - 11 Nov 1944  Herbert John Todd                  (b. 1893 - d. 1985)
11 Nov 1944 - Oct 1945     Cosmo Grant Niven Edwards          (b. 1896 - d. 1964)
                             (1st time)
21 Oct 1945 - May? 1946    Alexander Alfred Russell           (b. 1898 - d. 1967)
May 1946 - 1947            Cosmo Grant Niven Edwards          (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)



Tonk
 
[Tonk, c.1877
                          (India)]
Flag c.1877
[Tonk to 1948
                          (India)]
Flag to 25 Mar 1948
Capital: Tigiria Population: 353,687
(1941)

State Forces/Troops:
1,150 (1939)

Salute: 17 guns

15 Nov 1817                Tonk state founded.
15 Nov 1817                British protectorate (by treaty).
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
25 Mar 1948                Merged into Rajasthan.

Rulers (title Nawab)
15 Nov 1817 -  2 Nov 1834  Amir Khan ibn Hayat Khan           (b. 1769 - d. 1834)
 2 Nov 1834 - 18 Jun 1864  Wazir ad-Dowla Mohammad Khan       (b. 1807 - d. 1864)
18 Jun 1864 - 14 Nov 1867  Mohammad `Ali Khan                 (d. 1895)
14 Nov 1867 - 23 Jun 1930  Hafez Mohammad Ebrahim `Ali Khan   (b. 1848 - d. 1930)
                             (from 21 May 1890, Sir Hafez Mohammad Ebrahim `Ali Khan)
14 Nov 1867 -  1 Jan 1870  Sahibzada Hafez Mohammad Ibadu'llah
                             Khan
-Regent
23 Jun 1930 - 31 May 1947  Hafez Mohammad Sa`adat `Ali Khan   (b. 1879 - d. 1947)
                             (from 1 Jan 1934, Sir Hafez Mohammad Sa`adat `Ali Khan)
31 May 1947 -
Jan 1948     Hafez Mohammad Faruq `Ali Khan     (b. 1885 - d. 1948)
Jan 1948 - 25 Mar 1948     Hafez Mohammad Ismail
`Ali Khan    (b. 1917 - d. 1974)

Vice-Presidents of the State Council
Jul 1903 - 1921            ....
 5 Nov 1921 - 12 Apr 1925  Samuel Thomas Hollins              (b. 1881 – d. 1965)
12 Apr 1925 -  3 Oct 1928  Wilfred Francis Webb               (b. 1897 - d. 1973)
 3 Oct 1928 - 1930         Sir Cecil Kaye                     (b. 1868 - d. 1935)
Oct 1930 - 1934            Denholm de Montalt Stuart Fraser   (b. 1889 - d. 1956)
Apr 1934 - May 1936        Robert Richardson Burnett          (b. 1897 - d. 1975)
11 May 1936 - Nov 1940     G.W. Anderson
Nov 1940 -  7 Jun 1945     Sir Douglas Eric Augier            (b. 1885 – d. 19..)
 8 Jun 1945 - af.1946      S. Mohammad Mir
Jan 1948 - Mar 1948        Ram Babu Saksena                   (b. 1892 – d. 1957)



Tori-Fatehpur

[Tori-Fatehpur to 1948
                (India)]

Capital: Tori-Fatehpur Population: 6,298 (1941)
State Troops:
None (1939)

Salute: None

1823                       British recognize the estate as a state.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
 4 Apr 1948                Merged into Vindhya Pradesh (on 26 Jan 1950, transferred
                             to Uttar Pradesh).

Rulers (title Diwan)
1823 - 1858                Har Prasad Singh                   (d. 1858)
1858 - 1880                Prithvi Singh                      (b. 1848 - d. 1880)
                             (from 1877, personal style Rao Bahadur)
1880 - 1941                Arjun Singh                        (b. 1870 -  d. 1941)
                             (from 1907, personal style Rao Bahadur)
1941 -  4 Apr 1948         Raghuraj Singh Ju Deo              (b. 1895 - d. 1964)


Travancore: see Tiruvidamkodu/Tiruvankur


Tripura (Hill Tipperah)

[Tripura kingdom
                        flag c.1939 - 1949 (India)]
c.1939 - 15 Oct 1949

Map of Tripura Capital: Agartala Population:
513,010 (1941)
State Forces/
Troops
: 450 (1939)

Government of
Tripura Act

 (Jul 1941)

Salute: 13 guns

c.100 AD                   Tripura state founded.
1760                       Part of the state annexed by British India; remaining
                             state known to the colonial government to 1920 as Hill Tipperah
                             (Hill Tippera).

1765                       British protectorate, confirmed in 1809.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India. 
15 Oct 1949                Merged into India as province as a consequence of Tripura Merger
                             Agreement.

Rajas
1695 - 1712                Ratna Manikya II (2nd time)        (d. 1712)
1712 - 1714                Mahendra Manikya                   (d. 1714?)
1714 - 1728                Dharma Manikya II (1st time)       (d. 1729)      
1728                       Jagat Manikya
1728 - 1729                Dharma Manikya II (2nd time)       (s.a.)  

1729 - 1739                Mukanda Manikya III                (d. 1739)
1739 - 1744
               Jai Manikya II
1744 - c.1746              Indrasya Manikya II
c.1746 - c.1748            Bijaya Manikya III
c.1748 - 1760              Lakshman Manikya                   (d. 1760)

c.1748 - c.1758            Shamsher Ghazi -
Regent             (d. c.1758)
1760 - 1761                Krishna Manikya (1st time)         (d. 1783)

1761 - 1767                Balaram Manikya
1767 - 11 Jul 1783         Krishna Manikya (2nd time)         (s.a.)
11 Jul 1783 - Mar 1804     Rajadhara Manikya II               (d. 1804)
11 Jul 1783 - 1786         Jahnavi Rani Mahadevayu (f) -Regent
Mar 1804 - 18 Oct 1809     Ramaganga Manikya (1st time)       (b. 17.. - d. 1826)
18 Oct 1809 -  6 Apr 1813  Durga Manikya                      (b. 17.. - d. 1813)
 6 Apr 1813 - 14 Nov 1826  Ramaganga Manikya (2nd time)       (s.a.)
14 Nov 1826 - 19 Mar 1830  Kashichandra Manikya               (d. 1830)
19 Mar 1830 -  3 Apr 1849  Krishna Kishor Manikya             (d. 1849)
 3 Apr 1849 - 31 Jul 1862  Ishanachandra Manikya              (b. 1829 - d. 1862)
31 Jul 1862 - 11 Dec 1896  Virachandra Manikya                (b. 1838 - d. 1896)
                             (personal style Maharaja from 24 Oct 1877)
31 Jul 1862 -  9 Mar 1870  Council of Regency
                           - Birchandra Thakur
                           - Brojendra Chandra Thakur
                           - Nabadwip Chandra Thakur
11 Dec 1896 - 12 Mar 1909  Radha Kishor Manikya               (b. 1857 - d. 1909)
12 Mar 1909 -  1 Jan 1919  Virendra Kishor Manikya            (b. 1883 - d. 1923)
Maharajas
 
1 Jan 1919 - 13 Aug 1923  Virendra Kishor Manikya            (s.a.)

17 Aug 1923 - 17 May 1947  Vira Vikrama Kishor Manikya        (b. 1908 - d. 1947)
                            
(from 3 Jun 1935, Sir Vira Vikrama Kishor Manikya)
17 Aug 1923 - 19 Aug 1927  Nabadwip Chandra Deb Barman -Regent(b. 1854 - d. 1931)
                             (president of council of administration)
17 May 1947 -
15 Oct 1949  Kirit Vikrama Kishor Manikya       (b. 1933 - d. 2006)
17 May 1947 - 15 Oct 1949  Maharani Kanchan Pabhavati         (b. 1914 - d. 1973)
                             Mahadevi Sahiba (f) -Regent
                            (president of regency council to 12 Jan 1948)

Dewans (chief ministers)
1850 - 1857?               Balaram Hazari
                           - jointly with the following -
1855 - 1863?               Bipin Behari Goswami (minister)

1863? - 1870               Braja Mohan Thakur (minister)

18.. - 1870                Gurudas Bardhan
1870 - 1871                Rammanikya Barman
                           + W.F. Campbell (chief administrator)
1871 - 1873                Nazir Dinabandhu Thakur
Jul 1873 - 1877            Nilmoni Das

1877 - 1880                Sambhu Chandra Mukherjee 
1880 - 1883                ....     
1883                       Prince Radakishore
1883 - 1886                Dhanajaya Thakur
1886  (3 months)           Babu Dinanath Sen
1886 - Nov 1888            Rai Bahadur Mohini Mohan Bardhan
Nov 1888 - 1890?           Durgaprasad Gupta
Mar 1890 - 1892            Rai Umakanta Das Bahadur (1st time)
1892 - 18..                Dinabandhu Thakur
Mar 1898 - ....            Council of Administration
                            (chaired by the ruler)
1901 - 1905                Rai Umakanta Das Bahadur (2nd time)

Nov 1905 - Feb 1907        Shri Ramani Mohan Chattopadhyaya
Feb 1907 - Dec 1908        Rai Umakanta Das Bahadur (3rd time)
Dec 1908 -  7 Nov 1909     Sirjukta Babu Annada Charan Gupta
                             (chief officer)
Nov 1909 - 12 Mar 1914     Nabadwip Chandra Deb Barman        (b. 1854 - d. 1931)
                            
(minister)
Mar 1914 - Jul 1915        Brajendra Kishore Deb Barman       (b. 1880 - d. 19..)
Jul 1915 -  6 Sep 1923     Srijut Babu Prasanna Kumar Das
                             Gupta (from c.Apr 1920, minister)
14 Aug 1923 -  8 Dec 1923  Rai Prasanna Kumar Dasgupta Bahadur
                             (minister of interim administration)
 9 Dec 1923 - 19 Aug 1927  Nabadwipchandra Dev Burman         (s.a.)
                             (1st time)
(chairman Council of Administration)
19 Aug 1927 - 16 May 1929  Jyotish Chandra Sen (1st time)
17 May 1928 – 30 Jul 1928  B.K. Sen (acting for J.C. Sen)
17 May 1929 -  5 Sep 1931  Nabadwipchandra Dev Burman         (s.a.)

                             (2nd time)(chairman executive council)
Sep 1931 - 28 Aug 1932     B.K. Sen
28 Aug 1932 - 20 Nov 1932  Manyabara Rana Bodhjung Bahadur    (b. 1894 - d. 1946)
20 Nov 1932 - 1939         Jyotish Chandra Sen (2nd time)
Chief ministers
1939 - Oct 1941            Jyotish Chandra Sen
Oct 1941 - 18 Nov 1946     Manyabara Rana Bodhjung Bahadur
    (s.a.)
Nov 1946 - 1947            Brajendra Kishore Deb Barman       (s.a.)
1947 - 24 Nov 1947         Satya Vrata Mukherjee              (b. 1887 - d. 19..)
20 Dec 1947 - 1948         Abani Bhusan Chatterjee            (b. 1907 - d. 19..)

1948 - 15 Oct 1949         Sri Ranajit Kumar Ray              (b. 1906 - d. 1990)

British Political Agents for Tripura (Hill Tiperah)
 3 Jul 1871 - Feb 1874     Ambrose William Bushe Power        (b. 1844 - d. 1907)
11 Feb 1874 - May 1875     Edward Gordon Lillingston          (b. 1837 - d. 1907)
27 May 1875 - Feb 1876     William Leycester Samuells         (b. 1841 - d. 1899)
22 Aug 1876 - Apr 1877     Thomas Edward Coxhead              (b. 1842 - d. 1890)
Feb 1877 - Apr 1877        James Francis Bradbury
                             (acting for Coxhead)
26 Apr 1877 - 28 Oct 1878  Charles Walter Bolton              (b. 1850 - d. 1919)
1878 - 1879                Frederick Jones
1879 - 1882                George Toynbee
1882 - 1883                John Arthur Hopkins
1883 - 1884                Henry Giraud Cooke                 (b. 1848 - d. 1898)
1884 - 1885                Francis Henry Bennett Skrine       (b. 1847 - d. 1933)
1885 - 1886                S.S. Jones
1886 - 1888                James Cattrall Price               (b. 1839 - d. 1902)
1888 - 1889/90             Arthur Herbert Collins
Magistrates as Political Agents

1889/90 - Jun 1893         Richard Townsend Greer             (b. 1854 - d. 1942)
Jun 1893 - 189.            Edward Geake
c.1896 - c.Feb 1897        J. Kennedy
c.Nov 1903                 H.W. Scrooge
1906?                      John Edward
Clayton ?
1908? - Mar 1910           Alfred Hare Clayton                (b. 1873 - d. 1933)
Mar 1910 - Jul 1910        John Edward Webster
(1st time)
                             (acting)

Jul 1910 -  9 Oct 1911     H.A. Murray
 9 Oct 1911 - Jun 1912     John Edward Webster
13 Jun 1912 - 11 Nov 1912  James Thomson Rankin
(2nd time)
                             (acting)

12 Nov 1912 - 18 Jun 1914  R.C.B. Williams
18 Jun 1914 - 25 Jul 1914  Thomas Emerson (1st time)
25 Jul 1914 - 22 Dec 1914  O.C. Pulley

22 Dec 1914 - 1915         Thomas Emerson (2nd time)
23 Jul 1915 - Sep 1919     John Bartley                       (b. 1886 - d. 1954)
Sep 1919 - Jun 1920        John Younie                        (b. 1893 - d. 1942)
Jun 1920 - 15 Jun 1921     B.A. Corbett

1922? - 26 Oct 1923        John Douglas Vere Hodge            (b. 1887 - d. 1973)
27 Oct 1923 - 18 Mar 1927  Arthur Dash
1926 (3 months)            N.L. Hindley (acting)
18 Mar 1927 - 31 Jan 1928  William Henry Nelson

Feb 1928 –  4 Nov 1928     Howard William Lyne
 5 Nov 1928 -  5 Mar 1930  Frederick Wynne Robertson          (b. 1885 - d. 1964)
 6 Mar 1930 - 14 Dec 1931  Charles Geoffrey Buckland Stevens  (d. 1931)

Dec 1931 - 1932            N.C. Bose Bahadur
(acting)
1932 - Dec 1932            Khan Bahadur Abdul Ghaffar 
                             (acting)

20 Dec 1932 - 19 Mar 1934  Ronald Leslie Walker               (b. 1896 - d. 1953)
19 Mar 1934 -  9 Mar 1936  Edgar William Holland              (b. 1899 - d. 1973)
 9 Mar 1936 -  1 Dec 1936  Satyendra Nath Ray
 1 Dec 1936 - 15 Aug 1947  the Agents to the Governor General,
                           Eastern States (from 1 Jul 1937,
                           Residents for the Eastern States
                           (see under Mayurbhanj)



Udaipur (Mewar) [in Rajasthan]

[Udaipur (Mewar) [in
                Rajasthan] (India) state flag to 1948 (India)]

Map of Udaipur (Mewar) Capital: Udaipur Population: 1,927,000 (1941)
Salute: 19 guns
Mewar State Constitution
(23 May 1947)
State Forces: 1,246 (1945) Ethnic groups: Rajasthani
86%, Bhil 11%, other 3% (1931)
Religions: Hindu 69%,
traditional 23%, Muslim 5%, other 3% (1941)

c.530                      Mewar state founded; later also (and ultimately predominantly)
                             called Udaipur after the name of the capital.
13 Jan 1818                British protectorate (by treaty).
15 Aug 1947                Accession to India.
18 Apr 1948                Merged into Rajasthan.

Rulers (title Maharana)
23 Sep 1698 - 10 Dec 1710  Amar Singh II                      (b. 1672 - d. 1710)
10 Dec 1710 - 11 Jan 1734  Sangram Singh II                   (b. 1690 - d. 1734)
11 Jan 1734 -  5 Jun 1751  Jagat Singh II                     (b. 1709 - d. 1751)
 5 Jun 1751 - 10 Jan 1753  Pratap Singh II                    (b. 1724 - d. 1753)
10 Jun 1753 -  3 Apr 1761  Raj Singh II                       (b. 1743 - d. 1761)
 3 Apr 1761 -  9 Mar 1773  Ari Singh                          (d. 1773)
 9 Mar 1773 -  6 Jan 1778  Hamir Singh II                     (b. 1762 - d. 1778)
 6 Jan 1778 - 30 Mar 1828  Bhim Singh                         (b. 1768 - d. 1828)
31 Mar 1828 - 30 Aug 1838  Jawan Singh                        (b. 1800 - d. 1838)
30 Aug 1838 - 14 Aug 1842  Sardar Singh                       (b. 1798 - d. 1842)
14 Aug 1842 - 16 Nov 1861  Sarup Singh                        (b. 1815 - d. 1861)
27 Dec 1861 -  7 Oct 1874  Shambhu Singh                      (b. 1847 - d. 1874)
30 Oct 1874 - 23 Dec 1884  Sujan Singh                        (b. 1859 - d. 1884)
                             (from 24 May 1881, Sir Sujan Singh)
 4 Mar 1885 - 24 May 1930  Fateh Singh                        (b. 1849 - d. 1930)
                             (from 15 Feb 1887, Sir Fateh Singh)
                             (ruling power suspended from 28 Jul 1921)
24 May 1930 - 18 Apr 1948  Sir Bhopal Singh                   (b. 1884 - d. 1955)
                             (granted ruling power from 28 Jul 1921)

Pradhan to 1862, then Dewan (chief ministers)
c.1708 - c.1740            Pancholi Biharidas
17.. - 17...               Moji Ram Mehta
1751 – 1773/74             Amar Chand Barva (Barwa)           (d. 1773/74)
1784 - 24 Oct 1789         Som Chand Gandhi
1789 - 1794?               Satidas Gandhi
                           + Shivdas Gandhi
1794? - 31 Dec 1799        Mehta Agar Chand                   (d. 1799)
1800 - 1815                Mehta Devi Chand
1815?                      Shah Sheo Lal?
1817? - 1819               Pancholi Kishen Das                (d. 1819)
1819 – 1821                Mehta Devi Chand
Mar 1821 - 19 Feb 1823     Shah Sheo Lal Gilundiya
1823? - 1824               Mehta Sher Singh (1st time)        (b. 1788 - d. 1869)
1824 - 1827                ....
Jun 1827 – 1827/8?         Mehta Ram Singh (1st time)
1827/8 - 1829              Mehta Sher Singh (2nd time)        (s.a.)
1829 - 1832                Mehta Ram Singh (2nd time)
1832 – 1838/9              Mehta Sher Singh (3rd time)
1838/9 - 11 Jul 1844       Mehta Ram Singh (3rd time)
Jul 1844 – Dec 1856        Mehta Sher Singh (3rd time)

Dec 1856 - 18..            Mehta Gokal Chand                  (b. 1807 - d. 1878)
185. - Dec 1861            Kothari Kesari Singh (1st time)    (d. 1872)
Apr 1862 - 1863            Kothari Kesari Singh (2nd time)    (s.a.)
Aug 1863 - Nov 1865        William Frederick Eden             (b. 1814 - d. 1867)
Nov 1865 - 1867            Zalim Singh (chief advisor)
21 Dec 1867 – Jul 1870     Kothari Kesari Singh (3rd time)    (s.a.)

Jul 1870 –  8 Sep 1874     Mehta Rai Panna Lal (1st time)
                           + Mehta Gokal Chand
1874 – 1875                Mehta Gokal Chand
                           + Sahiwala Arjun
 8 Sep 1875 – 1877?        Mehta Rai Panna Lal (2nd time)
Jan 1877 - 1878            Kaviraj Shymaldas
                            (chief counsellor)
1878 - Sep 1894            Mehta Rai Pannalal                 (b. 1843 - d. 1919)
1894 - 1895                Kothari Balwant Singh (1st time)
                           + Sahiwala Arjun Singh
1895 Jul - Aug 1895        Shyamji Krishnavarman
1895 - 1905                Kothari Balwant Singh (2nd time)
                           + Sahiwala Arjun Singh    
1905 - 1911                Mehta Bhopal Singh
                           + Mahasani Heeralal
1911 - 1918                Sukhdeo Prasad Kak (1st time)
     (b. 1864 - d. 1936)
                           + Kothari Balawant Singh (3rd time)
                             (Jun 1911 - Aug 1914)
1918 - 1919                Sukhdeo Prasad Kak (2nd time)      (s.a.)
                           + Mehta Jagannath Singh
 4 Sep 1921 - 1930         Prabash Chandra Chatterji
                           + Pandit Dharam Narain (from Dec 1922)
1930 – Oct 1935            Sir Sukhdeo Prasad Kak (3rd time)  (s.a.)
1935 - 1939                Dharam Narayan Kak                 (b. 1898 - d. 1971)
Prime ministers
25 Dec 1939 - 1947         Sir T. Vijaya Raghavacharya        (b. 1875 - d. 1953)
Sep 1947 - Dec 1947        Tribhuvan Nath Pande
Dec 1947 – Apr 1948        Sir Sonti Venkata Ramamurthy       (b. 1880 - d. 1964)

 
British Political Agents
in Mewar
Mar 1818 - Jun 1822        James Tod                          (b. 1782 – d. 1835)
Jun 1822 - 14 Mar 1823     Patrick Young Waugh                (b. 1788 - d. 1829?)
14 Mar 1823 - 15 Apr 1823  Alexander Spiers (1st time)(acting)
15 Apr 1823 - 12 Nov 1826  Thomas Alexander Cobbe (1st time)  (b. 1788 - d. 1836)
12 Nov 1826 - Dec 1826     J. Sutherland (acting)
Dec 1826 - Jan 1831        Thomas Alexander Cobbe (2nd time)  (s.a.)
1831 - 1836                post abolished, political charge
                           under the Agent of Ajmer
 6 May 1836 - 31 Dec 1838  Alexander Spiers (2nd time)
 1 Jan 1839 - 18 Jun 1850  Thomas Robinson                    (d. 1850)
18 Jun 1850 -  2 Jul 1850  A. Mackintosh
 2 Jul 1850 - 28 Nov 1851  Charles Lionel Showers (1st time)  (b. 1816 - d. 1895)
28 Nov 1851 -  5 Mar 1853  George St. Patrick Lawrence        (b. 1804 - d. 1884)
 5 Mar 1853 - 17 Mar 1857  Henry Montgomery Lawrence          (b. 1806 - d. 1857)
17 Mar 1857 - 1860         Charles Lionel Showers (2nd time)  (s.a.)
                             (acting)
Mar 1860 - 1862            R.L. Taylor 
20 Apr 1862 - 1865         William Frederick Eden             (s.a.)
 
4 May 1865 - 1867         J.P. Nixon (1st time)
1868 - 1869                Alexander Ross Elliott Hutchinson  (b. 1843 - d. 1877)
                             (1st time) (acting)
1869 - 1872                J.P. Nixon (2nd time)
1872 - 1874                Alexander Ross Elliott Hutchinson  (s.a.) 
                             (2nd time)
Mar 1874 - 1874            Edward Bradford (acting)
1874 - 1875                J.A. Wright (acting)
 
8 May 1875 - 1876         Charles Herbert 
Apr 1876 - May 1876        C.G. Gunning (acting)
1876 - 1878                Eugene Clutterbuck Impey           (b. 1830 - d. 1904)  

1878 - 1879                Thomas Cadell                      (b. 1835 - d. 1919)
1879 - 1881                Charles Kenneth Mackenzie Walter   (b. 1832 - d. 1892)
                             (1st time)

British Residents in Mewar (in Udaipur)(with the status of a Political Agent)
14 Feb 1881 - 12 Apr 1881  C.R. Blair
12 Apr
1881 - 1882         John Proudfoot Stratton            (b. 1830 - d. 1895)
1882                       Charles Bean Euan Smith (1st time) (b. 1841 - d. 1910)
1882 - 22 Aug 1885         Charles Kenneth Mackenzie Walter   (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)

22 Aug 1885 - 27 Nov 1885  John Biddulph                      (b. 1840 - d. 1922)
27 Nov 1885 - 15 Apr 1886  Trevor John Chichele Chichele-     (b. 1846 - d. 1905)

                             Plowden
15 Apr 1886 - 1886         Alexander Wingate 
1886                       Charles Bean Euan Smith (2nd time) (s.a.)
1886 - 1887                Charles Kenneth Mackenzie Walter   (s.a.)
                             (3rd time)

1887 - 8 Aug 1889          Samuel Barrett Miles (1st time)    (b. 1838 - d. 1914)
 
8 Aug 1889 - 1889         Henry Phipson Peacock (1st time)   (b. 1838 - d. 1906)
1889 - 1890                Edward Alexander Fraser 
1890                       Henry Phipson Peacock (2nd time)   (s.a.)
1890                       Henry Byam Abbott                  (b. 1843 - d. 1914)
1890 - 25 Nov 1893         Samuel Barrett Miles (2nd time)    (s.a.)
27 Apr 1893 - 12 Jul 1893  Norton Charles Martelli            (b. 1844 - d. ....)
                            
(acting for Miles)
25 Nov 1893 - 12 Jan 1894  William Hutt Curzon Wyllie         (b. 1848 - d. 1909)

                             (1st time) (interim)
12 Jan 1894 - 14 Mar 1894  William Francis Prideaux (acting)  (b. 1840 - d. 1914)
14 Mar 1894 - Feb 1898     William Hutt Curzon Wyllie         (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
 
6 Sep 1894 –  1 Nov 1894  Philip Durrell Pank
                             (acting for Wyllie)
 7 Sep 1895 –  6 Nov 1895  Hastings Norman Victor Harington   (b. 1855 - d. 1930)
                            
(acting for Wyllie)
1896 - 1897                Joseph Henry Newill                (b. 1844 - d. 1929)
                             (acting for Wyllie)

1897 - 1898                Charles Withers Ravenshaw          (b. 1835 - d. 1935)
Apr 1898 - Dec? 1900       George Robert Irwin                (b. 1855 - d. 1933)
1900                       Charles Edward Yate               
(b. 1849 - d. 1940)
1900                       Arthur Parry Thornton              (b. 1848 - d. 1909)
Apr 1900 - 1902            Alexander Fleetwood Pinhey         (b. 1861 - d. 1918)
                             (1st time)
1902                       Edmund Holmes Blakesley (acting) 
Nov 1902 - 1906            Alexander Fleetwood Pinhey         (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
Sep 1906 - Oct 1906        Arthur Berkeley Drummond (1st time)(b. 1869 - d. 1918)
Dec 1906 - 31 Jul 1907     Claude Hamilton Archer Hill        (b. 1866 - d. 1934) 
                             (1st time)
 
1 Aug 1907 - 14 Nov 1907  Richard Henry Chenevix Trench      (b. 1876 - d. 1954)
                            
(1st time)
15 Nov 1907 -  7 May 1908  Claude Hamilton Archer Hill        (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
 
8 May 1908 - 19 Jul 1908  Richard Henry Chenevix Trench      (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
(acting)
20 Jul 1908 – 23 Apr 1911  Alan Thomas Holme (1st time)       (b. 1872 - d. 1931)
24 Apr 1911 - May 1913     James Levett Kaye (1st time)       (b. 1861 - d. 1917)
May 1913 - 1913            Robert Erskine Holland (acting)    (b. 1873 - d. 1965)
1913 - 1914                James Levett Kaye (2nd time)       (s.a.)
18 May 1914 – 17 Jun 1914  Bertrand James Glancy (acting)     (b. 1882 - d. 1953)
1914 - 1915                James Levett Kaye (3rd time)       (s.a.)
Sep 1915 - Oct 1915        Arthur Berkeley Drummond (2nd time)(s.a.)
                            
(acting)
1915 - 1916                James Levett Kaye (4th time)       (s.a.)

 
2 Mar 1916 - 16 Nov 1916  Charles Lennox Somerville Russell  (b. 1872 - d. 1960)
17 Nov 1916 - 1919         Alan Thomas Holme (2nd time)       (s.a.)
Apr 1919 - May 1920        Philip Trevor Augustine Spence     (b. 1865 - d. 19..)
 7 Apr 1920 – 17 Jun 1920  Archibald Duncan Macpherson        (b. 1872 - d. 1928)
18 Jun 1920 - 14 Mar 1924  Walter Hugh John Wilkinson         (b. 1874 - d. 1939)
15 Mar 1922 –  4 Nov 1922  George Drummond Ogilvie            (s.a.)
                             (acting for Wilkinson)
 1 Apr 1924 – 17 Jul 1925  Hugh Robert Norman Pritchard       (b. 1879 - d. 1967) 

13 Jul 1925 – 11 Nov 1925  Hugh Vincent Biscoe                (b. 1881 - d. 1932)
12 Nov 1925 -  3 Nov 1927  George Drummond Ogilvie            (s.a.
)  
 3 Nov 1927 -  1 Feb 1928  Duncan George Mackenzie           
(b. 1883 - d. 1965)
 
1 Feb 1928 –  9 Mar 1928  Cecil Hamilton Gabriel             (b. 1879 - d. 1947)
 
9 Mar 1928 -  3 Oct 1929  Donald Muyle Field (1st time)      (b. 1881 - d. 19..)
 3 Oct 1929 – 16 Oct 1929  Giles Frederick Squire             (b. 1894 - d. 1959)
16 Oct 1929 – 14 May 1930  Donald Muyle Field (2nd time)      (s.a.)
14 May 1930 –  9 Feb 1931  Arthur Cunningham Lothian          (b. 1887 - d. 1962)

10 Feb 1931 - 21 Oct 1931  Donald Muyle Field (3rd time)      (s.a.)
British Residents in Mewar and Political Agents for Southern Rajputana States
(in Udaipur)(with the status of a Political Agent)
21 Oct 1931 - 16 Mar 1933  Rawdon James Macnabb               (b. 1883 - d. 1935)

16 Mar 1933 - 12 Feb 1935  William Arthur MacDonnell Garstin  (b. 1882 - d. 1975)
 
4 Mar 1935 - 17 Apr 1938  Geoffrey Lawrence Betham           (b. 1889 - d. 1963)   
17 Apr 1938 – 30 May 1938  George van Baerle Gillan           (b. 1890 - d. 1974)
30 May 1938 - Apr 1939     Leslie Eric Barton                 (b. 1889 - d. 1952)

 
6 Apr 1939 - 23 Sep 1940 
William le Belward Egerton         (b. 1901 - d. 1947)
23 Sep 1940 –  2 Dec 1940  Conrad Lawrence Corfield           (b. 1893 - d. 1980)
 2 Dec 1940 – 16 Dec 1940  Noel Stanley Alington              (b. 1899 - d. 1973)
16 Dec 1940 - 24 Sep 1941  Herbert John Todd 
                 (b. 1893 - d. 1985)
Political Agents in Mewar and Southern Rajputana States (in Udaipur)(as of 1947, in charge
of the Southern Rajputana states¹; under the Resident in Rajputana [see under Sirohi])

24 Sep 1941 - Oct 1941     Noel Stanley Alington              (s.a.)
Oct 1941 - 1942            Humphrey Trevelyan                 (b. 1905 - d. 1985)
20 Apr 1942 - 21 Feb 1943  Geoffrey Baynton Williams          (b. 1896 - d. 1981)
21 Feb 1943 - 14 Aug 1947  George Kirkbride                   (b. 1894 - d. 1966)

  ¹the Southern Rajputana states as of 1947: Banswara, Dungarpur, Kushalgarh, Partabgarh, and Udaipur.



Udaipur [in Madhya Pradesh]

[Udaipur (in Madhya Pradesh)
                to 1948 (India)]

Capital: Dharamjaigarh Population: 118,331
(1941)

State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: None

1818                       Udaipur (in modern Madhya Pradesh) founded as an off-shoot
                             estate (zamindari) within Surguja.

1852 - 1857                British India administration of the estate.
12 Dec 1860                Separated from Surguja and becomes a state.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
 1 Jan 1948                Merged into Central Provinces (from 26 Jan 1950, Madhya Pradesh).

Rajas
1818 - 1852                Kalyan Singh Deo
1852 - 1857                Interregnum
1857 - 1858                Dhiraj Singh Deo                   (d. 1858)
1858 - 1859                Sheoraj Singh Deo
1860 - 1876                Lal Bindeshvari Prasad Singh Deo   (b. 1829 - d. 1876)
                             (personal style from 1871, Raja Bahadur)

18 Mar 1876 - 1900         Dharmajit Singh Deo                (b. 1857 - d. 1900)
Dec 1900 -  8 Dec 1927     Chandrashekhar Prasad Singh Deo    (b. 1889 - d. 1927)
 8 Dec 1927 -  1 Jan 1948  Chandra Chur Prasad Singh Deo      (b. 1923)
 8 Dec 1927 – c.1943       Superintendents (regents)
                           - Mohammad Amir Khan (c.1936)
                           - Bhupendranath Ghosal (c.1939)



Utkala (Orissa, Khurda)

....                       Kingdom of Utkala (Orissa) founded in remote (legendary)
                             antiquity.
1568                       Annexed by Bangala (Bengal).
1576                       Incorporated into Mughal Empire.
1580/1609                  Khurdha state established; its rulers styled kings 
                             of Utkala (Orissa).
1751 - 1803                Under Mahratta suzerainty.
Sep/Oct 1803               Under British protection (as Khurda state).
1804 - 1808                Confiscated by British India.
1808                       State annexed to British India as
Puri zamindari (part of Bengal).
 1 Apr 1912                Part of Bihar and Orissa province (from 1 Apr 1936, Orissa).

Rajas
1690 - 1720                Dibvyasimhadeva I                  (d. 1720)
1720 - 1725                Harekrushnadeva
1725 - 1732                Gopinathdeva                       (d. 1732)
1732 - 1743                Ramachandradeva II                 (d. 1743)
                            (Hafiz Qadar Muhammed)
1743 - 17..                Padmanavadeva
1751 - 1780                Birakishoredeva I                  (d. 1780)
1780 - 1795                Dibvyasimhadeva II                 (d. 1795)
1795 - 1808                Mukundadeva II                     (d. 1817)       



Vadia (Wadia)

Capital: Vadia (Wadia) Population: 16,818 (1941)
State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: None

1901                       Jetpur-Vadia, separated from joint ownership of Jetpur.
1901 - 1948                Part of the Western Kathiawar semi-jurisdictional states
                             (see under Jasdan).
c.1929                     Vadia (Wadia) state.
 7 Dec 1943 - 15 Aug 1947  Attached (British jurisdictional authority granted) to Baroda.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
15 Feb 1948                Merged into Saurashtra.
 1 Nov 1956                Part of Bombay (from 1 May 1960, Gujarat)
.


Rulers (title Azam Vala; from 1929, Darbar Vala)
1875 - 1930                Bawa Jivan                         (b. 1874 - d. 1930)
1930 - 15 Feb 1948         Surag Bawa                         (b. 1905 - d. 1950)

Karbharis (state managers)
bf.1939 - af.1941          Laxmichand K. Mehta
1942 - af.1946             Kusumrai J. Dewan                  (b. 1905 - d. 19..)



Vala (Vallabhipura)

[Vala (Vallabhipur) to 1948
                (India)]

Capital: Vala Population: 16,197 (1941)
State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: None

1740                       Vala (Vallabhipura) state founded.
1807/08 - 1948             Part of the Eastern Kathiawar semi-jurisdictional states
                             (see under Lakthar).
1878 - 1895                Under British India management.
 7 Dec 1943 - 15 Aug 1947
  Attached (the British jurisdictional authority granted) to
                             Bhavnagar.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
15 Feb 1948                Merged into Saurashtra.
 1 Nov 1956                Part of Bombay (from 1 May 1960, Gujarat).

Rulers (title Thakur Sahib)
1740 - 1774                Visaji                             (d. 1774)
1774 - 1798                Nathubhai Visaji                   (d. 1798) 
1798 - 1814                Meghabhai Nathubhai                (d. 1814)
1814 - 1838                Harbhamji Megabhai                 (d. 1838)
1838 - 1840                Dulatsimhji Harbhamji              (d. 1840)
1840 - 1853                Patabhai Megabhai                  (d. 1853)
1853 - 1860                Prithirajji Patabhai               (d. 1860)
1860 - 20 Aug 1875         Meghrajji Prithirajji              (d. 1875)
20 Aug 1875 - 1943         Vakhatsimhji Meghrajji             (b. 1864 - d. 1943)
20 Aug 1875 - c.1882       .... -Regent
 5 Jun 1943 - 15 Feb 1948  Gambhirsimhji Vakhatsimhji         (b. 1889 - d. 19..)

Karbhari (state manager)
c.1945                     Keshavlal K. Oza



Valasna (Walasna)

[Valasna c.1812-1948
                        (India)]
c.1812 - 10 Jun 1948

Capital: Valasna Population: 3,971 (1931)
State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: None

1812                       Valasna state founded.
1812 - 1948                Part of the Sabar Kantha (to 1933, Mahi Kantha) semi-jurisdictional
                             states
(see under Malpur).
10 Jul 1943 - 15 Aug 1947  Attached (British jurisdictional authority granted) to Baroda.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
10 Jun 1948                Annexed by India, part of Bombay (from 1 May 1960, Gujarat).

Rulers (title Thakur)
1812 - 18..                Nathusinhji
bf.1880 - 1887             Makansinhji (Mansinhji)            (b. 1850 - d. 1887)
24 Mar 1887 - 1926         Hamirsinhji                        (b. 1878 - d. 1926)
 
6 Nov 1926 - 10 Jun 1948  Shivsinhji                         (b. 1910)



Vankaner (Wankaner)

[Vankaner (Wankaner)
                        to 1948 (India)]
State Flag to 15 Feb 1948

[Vankaner
                          (Wankaner) Rulers flag to 1948 (India)]
Ruler's Flag to 15 Feb 1948
Capital: Vankaner
(Wankaner)
Population: 54,965 (1941)
State Troops: 40 (1939)
Salute: 11 guns

1605                       Vankaner (Wankaner) state founded.
1807                       British protectorate.
15 Feb 1948                Merged into Saurashtra.
 1 Nov 1956                Part of Bombay (from 1 May 1960, Gujarat).

Rulers (title Raj Sahib)
1679 - 1721                Chandrasinhji I Raisinhji          (d. 1721)
1721 - 1728                Prithvirajji Chandrasinhji         (d. 1728)
1728 - 1749                Kesarisinhji I Chandrasinhji       (d. 1749)
1749 - 1784                Bharoji Kesarisinhji               (d. 1784)
1784 - 1787                Kesarisinhji II Raisinhji          (d. 1787)
1787 - 1839                Chandrasinhji II Kesarisinhji      (d. 1839)
1839 - 1842                Vakhatsinhji Chandrasinhji         (d. 1842)
1842 - 12 Jun 1881         Banesinhji Jaswantsihnji           (b. 1842 - d. 1881)
1842 - 1861                .... -Regent
12 Jun 1881 -
15 Feb 1948  Amarsinhji Banesinhji              (b. 1879 - d. 1954)
                             (from 12 Dec 1911, Sir
Amarsinhji Banesinhji)
                             (from 1924, title Maharana Raj Sahib)
12 Jan 1881 - 1888         Ganpatrao Narayen Laud -Regent
1888 - 18 Mar 1899         .... -Regent

Dewan (chief minister)
bf.1939 - af.1945          Anantrai N. Mankar


Varanasi: see Banaras



Vijayanagar 

[Vijayanagar princely state
                to 1948 (India)]

Capital: Vijayanagar
(Pol 1718-1864,
Ghodasar 1864-1934)
Population: 13,942 (1941)
State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: None

1718                       Pol state founded by former ruler of Idar.
1812                       British protectorate.
1864                       Capital moved to Ghodasar, from this era the state is referred
                            
to as Vijayanagar.
1934                       Formally renamed
Vijayanagar after new capital.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
10 Jun 1948                Merged into Bombay (from 1 May 1960, Gujarat).

Rulers (title Rao)
1718 - 1720                Chandrasinhji Karansinhji          (d. 1720) 
1720 - 1728                Kesarisinhji Chandrasinhji 
1728 - ....                Kasansinhji 
.... - ....                Makansinhji 
.... - ....                Hathisinhji 
.... - ....                Madhavsinhji 
.... - ....                Ajabsinhji 
.... - ....                Bhupatsinhji I
.... - ....                Bhavansinhji
.... - ....                Surajsinhji
.... - ....                Vajesinhji
.... - 1808                Ratansinhji                        (d. 1808)
1808 - ....                Abheysinhji
.... - ....                Kiratsinhji
.... - ....                Laxmansinhji
.... - ....                Bharatsinhji
.... - ....                Amarsinhji
.... - 1852                Anandsinhji                        (d. 1852)
1852 - 1859               
Pahadsinhji Gulabsinhji            (b. 1839 - d. 1859)
1859 - 23 Nov 1864         Navalsinhji Pahadsinhji            (b. c.1857 - d. 1864)
1859 - 23 Nov 1864
         Agency manager -Regent
23 Nov 1864 - 24 Oct 1889  Hamirsinhji I Gulabsinhji          (b. 1840 - d. 1889)
23 Nov 1864 - 1873         Agency manager -Regent
24 Oct 1889 -  5 Nov 1903  Prithisinhji Hamirsinhji           (b. 1872 - d. 1903)
24 Oct 1889 - 26 Jan 1893  Agency manager -Regent
 
5 Nov 1903 - 17 Nov 1913  Bhupatsinhji II Hamirsinhji        (b. 1884 - d. 1913)
 
5 Nov 1903 - 23 Mar 1906  Agency manager -Regent
17 Nov 1913
- 27 Nov 1914  Mohabatsinhji
Bhupatsinhji         (b. 1879 - d. 1914)
27 Nov 1914 - 10 Jun 1948  Hamirsinhji II Hindupatsinhji      (b. 1904 - d. 1986)
                            
(from c.1945, personal style Maharao)
27 Nov 1914
- 26 Oct 1924  Agency manager -Regent


Viramgam: see Padi

Virpur

Capital: Virpur Population: 8,594 (1941) State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: None

1807/08 - 1948             Virpur part of the Western Kathiawar semi-jurisdictional
                             states
(see under Jasdan)
 7 Dec 1943 - 15 Aug 1947  Attached (British jurisdictional authority granted) to Nawanagar.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
15 Feb 1948                Merged into Saurashtra.
 1 Nov 1956                Part of Bombay (from 1 May 1960, Gujarat).


Rulers (title Thakor)
bf.1808 - af.1813          Suraji I
18.. - 1851                Surtanji
30
Nov 1851 - 1918         Suraji II                          (b. 1840 - d. 1918)
1918 - 1938                Hamirsinhji                        (b. 1876 - d. 19..)
1938 - 1945                Dilipsinhji                        (b. 1899 - d. 19..)
1945 - 15 Feb 1948         Narendrasinhji                     (b. 1911 - d. 2001)



Wadagam 

[Wadagam (Vadagam) to 1948
                (India)]

Capital: Wadagam Population: 3,938 (1931) State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: None

1811/12 - 1948             Part of the Sabar Kantha (to 1933, Mahi Kantha) semi-jurisdictional
                             states
(see under Malpur).
1943 - 15 Aug 1947         Attached (British jurisdictional authority granted) to Idar.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
10 Jun 1948                Annexed by India to Bombay (from 1960, state of Gujarat).

Rulers (title Thakur)
.... - ....                Umedsimhji
.... - ....                Gulabsimhji Umedsimhji
.... - 1820                Hathisimhji                        (d. 1820)
1820 - 18..                Dolatsimhji
18.. - 1848                Jalamsimhji

 
9 Feb 1848 - 1893         Rajsimhji                          (b. 1821 - d. 1893)
1893 - 1907                Gulabsimhji                        (d. 1907)
1907 – 1910                Dipsimhji Gulabsimhji              (d. 1910)
1910 - 1920                Jivatsimhji Gulabsimhji            (b. 1891 - d. 19..)

12 Feb 1920 - 1938         Gopalsimhji Kesrisimhji            (b. 1891 - d. 19..)
29 Aug 1938 - 1946         Vakhatsimhji                       (b. 1918 - d. 1946)
1946 - 10 Jun 1948         Narvarsimhji                       (b. 1929)
c.1947                     Anand Kunvarba (f) -Regent



Wadhwan

[Wadhwan to 1948 (India)]

Capital: Wadhwan Population: 50,915 (1941) State Troops: 40 (1939)
Salute: 9 guns

c.1630                     Wadhwan state founded.
1807                       British protectorate.
1875 - 1881                Under British management.
27 Jul 1934 -  8 Jun 1942  Under British management.
15 Feb 1948                Merged into Saurashtra.
 1 Nov 1956                Part of Bombay (from 1 May 1960, Gujarat).

Rulers (title Thakur Sahib)
1681 - 1707                Bhagatsimhji Udaisimhji
1707 - 1739                Arjansimhji Madhavsimhji           (d. 1739)
1739 - 1765                Sabalsimhji Arjansimhji II         (d. 1765)
1765 - 1778                Chandrasimhji Sabalsimhji          (d. 1778)
1778 - 1807                Prithirajji Chandrasimhji          (d. 1807)
1807 - 1827                Jalamsimhji Prithirajji            (d. 1827)
1827 - 1875                Raisimhji Jalamsimhji              (d. 1875)
1875 -  5 May 1885         Dajiraji Chandrasimhji             (b. 1861 - d. 1885)
20 May 1885 - 25 May 1910  Balsimhji Chandrasimhji            (b. 1863 - d. 1910)
25 May 1910 - 22 Feb 1918  Jashwantsimhji Becharsimhji        (b. 1875 - d. 1918)
22 Feb 1918 - 1934         Jorawarsimhji Jashwantsimhji       (b. 1899 - d. 1934)
27 Jul 1934 - 15 Feb 1948  Surendrasimhji Jorawarsimhji       (b. 1922 - d. 1983)
27 Jul 1934 -  8 Jun 1942  Regents
                           [presidents of council of administration]
                           - Harilal D. Ravat (c.1937)
                           - Manilal B. Mehta (c.1939)

Dewans (chief ministers)
c.1930                     Bhimji Vaijnath Joshi
c.1945                     Harilal D. Ravat

British Political Agents for Eastern Kathiawar (in Wadhwan; as of 1947, in charge of the
Eastern Kathiawar states¹; under the Resident for Baroda, Western India and Gujarat states)
Jan 1925 – 1926            John de la Hay Gordon (1st time)   (b. 1887 - d. 1959)
Dec 1926 – 1928            Denholm de Montalt Stuart Fraser   (b. 1889 - d. 1956)
Nov 1928 – 1930            Arthur John Hopkinson              (b. 1894 – d. 1953)
Nov 1930 – 1931            Kenmure Alick Garth Evans-Gordon   (b. 1885 - d. 1960)
                             (1st time)
Mar 1931 – 1931            Percy Gordon Loch                  (b. 1887 - d. 1953)
Aug 1931 – 1932            Reginald Louis Bazalgette          (b. 1900 - d. 1939)
Mar 1932 – 1934            John de la Hay Gordon (2nd time)   (s.a.)
Nov 1934 – 1935            Kenmure Alick Garth Evans-Gordon   (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
Aug 1935 – 1938            Henry Mortimer Poulton             (b. 1898 - d. 1973)
May 1938 – 1938            William le Belward Egerton         (b. 1901 - d. 1947)
Oct 1938 - 1940            Herbert Milner Wightwick           (b. 1885 - d. 1942)
Aug 1940 – 1941            Dudley Gordon Heriot de la Fargue  (b. 1897 - d. 1960)
Sep 1941 - 1942            Geoffrey Baynton Williams          (b. 1896 – d. 1981)
Sep 1942 – 1943            Harishwar Dayal                    (b. 1915 – d. 1964)
Jan 1943 – 1943            Richmond Keith Molesworth Battye   (b. 1905 - d. 1958)
1944 – Dec 1946            Vernon Maurice Hervalwil Cox       (b. 1898 – d. 1963)
Dec 1946 – Jun 1947        Antony Elliot Drake                (b. 1907 – d. 1990)
Jun 1947 – 14 Aug 1947     Philip Cotes Hailey                (b. 1903 – d. 1980)

  ¹the Eastern Kathiawar states as of 1947: Bhavnagar, Dhrangadhra, Limbdi, Morvi, Palitana, Radhanpur, Wadhwan, Wankaner states, and the Eastern Kathiawar and Sabar Kantha semi- jurisdictional and non-jurisdictional states.



Wadi (Vadi)

Capital: Miraj Population: 2,022 (1941) State Troops: None
Salute: None

1792                       Wadi (Vadi) estate (jagir) founded under Kurundwad (Senior).
c.1932                     In direct relations with the British, separate from any state.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
 8 Mar 1948                Merged into Bombay.
 1 May 1960                Part of Maharashtra.


Ruler (title Rao)
14 Oct 1914 -  8 Mar 1948  Ganpatrao Gangadharrao             (b. 1903 – d. af.1954)
                             "Daji Sahib Patwardhan"
14 Oct 1914 - May 1924     .... -Regent


Wankaner: see Vankaner

Wao (Vav, Way, Wai)

[Wao (Vav, Way, Wai) state to
                1948 (India)]

Capital: Wao (Vav) Population: 24,673 (1941) State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: None

1450                       State of Wao (Vav, Way, Wai) founded.
 
3 Jul 1820                British protectorate.
1820 - 1948                Part of the Sabar Kantha (to 1933, Banas Kantha) semi-jurisdictional
                             states (see under Malpur).
10 Jul 1943 - 15 Aug 1947  Attached (British jurisdictional authority granted) to
Baroda.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
10 Jun 1948                Merged into Bombay (from 1 May 1960, state of Gujarat).

Rulers (title Rana)
.... - ....                Jagrajji Chandaji
.... - ....                Pachanji Jagrajji
.... - ....                Vajerajji Pachanji
.... - ....                Gadsinhji Vajerajji
.... - ....                Bhagwansinhji Gadsinhji
.... - ....                Jalamsinhji Bhagwansinhji
bf.1845 - 1868             Sadarsinhji Jalamsinhji
1868 - Jun 1884            Umedsinhji Sadarsinhji             (b. 1848 - d. 1884)
19 Jun 1884 - 25 May 1924  Chandrasinhji Umedsinhji           (b. 1853 - d. 1924)
 9 Jun 1924 - 10 Jun 1948  Harisinhji Chandrasinhji           (b. 1889 - d. bf.1955)

Karbhari (state managers)
c.1930                     Keroba Shrikrishna Wazkar
c.1939                     Mohanlal Jivanlal



Zainabad

Capital: Zainabad Population: 3,414 (1931) State Troops: None (1939)
Salute: None

c.1921                     One of the Dasada circle (thana) non-jurisdictional states
                             becomes Zainabad state.

c.1921 - 1948              Part of the Eastern Kathiawar semi-jurisdictional states
                             (see under Lakthar).
10 Jul 1943 - 15 Aug 1947  Attached (British jurisdictional authority granted) to Baroda.
15 Aug 1947                Accedes to India.
15 Feb 1948                Merged into Saurashtra.
 1 Nov 1956                Part of Bombay (from 1 May 1960, Gujarat).

Rulers (title Malek)
.... - ....                Bavasahib Malukbhai
.... - 1906                Zorawar Khan Bavasahib             (d. 1906)
 9 Feb 1906 - Jan 1923     Zain Khan Zorawar Khan             (b. 1885 - d. 1923)
26 Jan 1923 - Apr 1945     Aziz Mohammed Khanji Zainkhanji    (b. 1917 - d. 1945)
10 Apr 1945 - 15 Feb 1948  Mohammed Shabbir Khanji Azizkhanji (b. 1941)
10 Apr 1945 - 15 Feb 1948  Zubeda Siddika Begum (f) -Regent








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