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Albert Camus was an Algerian-born French author, journalist, and philosopher. He was the recipient of the 1957 Nobel Prize in Literature at the age of 44, the second-youngest recipient in history. His works include The Stranger, The Plague, The Myth of Sisyphus, and The Fall and The Rebel.
Albert Camus was born 7 Nov 1913, in Mondovi (present-day Dréan), and spent his childhood in the Belcourt section of Algiers. He was a second-generation French inhabitant of Algeria, which was a French territory from 1830 until 1962, and as such he was referred to as a pied-noir – a slang term for people of French and other European descent born in Algeria. His paternal grandfather had moved to Algeria for a better life during the first decades of the 19th century. His father, Lucien Camus, who was born in Algeria, had been an agriculture worker, but was killed during World War I before Albert ever had a chance to know him. His mother, Catherine Hélène Camus (née Sintès), who was of French and Balearic Spanish ancestry, was deaf and illiterate, and struggled to support her family. None-the-less, as a French citizen, young Albert was able to enjoy more rights than his Arab and Berber peers.
In 1924, Albert received a scholarship to continue his studies at a prestigious lyceum (secondary school) near Algiers, where he was mentored by his teacher, Louis Germain. In 1930, at the age of 17, Albert was diagnosed with tuberculosis, and due to its transmittable nature, he moved out of his home and stayed with his uncle Gustave Acault, a butcher. It was during this time that he turned to philosophy. To earn money, he worked odd jobs, including as a private tutor, a car parts clerk, and an assistant at the Meteorological Institute.
In 1933, Albert enrolled at the University of Algiers where he met Simone Hié, a young woman who had become addicted to morphine as a means of coping with menstrual cramps. In 1934, despite his uncle's objections, Albert married her in hopes of helping her fight the addiction. He subsequently discovered that she was also in a relationship with her doctor and the couple divorced in 19356. That same year, Albert completed his licence de philosophie (BA).
In 1934, Camus was in a relationship with Simone Hié.[17] Simone had an addiction to morphine, a drug she used to ease her menstrual pains. His uncle Gustave did not approve of the relationship, but Camus married Hié to help her fight the addiction. He subsequently discovered she was in a relationship with her doctor at the same time and the couple later divorced.
Albert had joined the French Communist Party (PCF) in early 1935. He saw it as a way to fight inequalities between Europeans and native Algerians, even though he was not a Marxist. He left the PCF a year later. In 1936, the Algerian Communist Party (PCA) was founded, and Albert promptly joined. His role was to organize the Théâtre du Travail ('Workers' Theatre'). But in time, he was expelled from the PCA for refusing to toe the party line. In 1938, he began working for the leftist newspaper Alger républicain as he was becoming worried about the rise of fascist regimes in Europe. By then, Albert had developed strong feelings against authoritarian colonialism as he had witnessed the harsh treatment of the Arabs and Berbers by French authorities. In 1940. Alger républicain was banned and Albert took a new job in Paris as layout editor for Paris-Soir.
Albert Camus, né le 7 novembre 1913 à Mondovi (aujourd’hui Dréan), près de Bône (aujourd’hui Annaba), en Algérie, et mort dans un accident de la route le 4 janvier 1960 à Villeblevin, dans l'Yonne.
Ecrivain, philosophe, romancier, dramaturge, journaliste, essayiste et nouvelliste français, il est aussi militant engagé dans la Résistance française et, dans les combats moraux de l'après-guerre.
Il est Prix Nobel de littérature en 1957.
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