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SAMPLE
I do not know whether the woman who was asking so many questions was really interested in the subject, or whether she wanted to attract the attention of the speaker towards herself, but whatever her motive was, she succeeded in making him feel so much confused that he eventually sat down, blushed and remained silent.
M1: ‘I do not know'
S1: 'Whether the woman was really interested in the subject': Noun clause, object of 'know'.
S1.1: 'Who was asking so many questions': Adjective clause,
postmodifying 'woman'.
S2: 'Or whether she wanted to attract the attention of the speaker
towards herself: Noun clause, object of 'know'.
M2: 'But she succeeded in making him feel so much confused'
S3: 'Whatever her motive was': Adverb clause of concession,
modifying 'succeeded'.
S4: 'That he eventually sat down, blushed and remained silent':
Adverb clause of result, modifying 'confused'.
(M: main clause; S: subordinating/dependent clause)
PRACTICE EXERCISES:
I. Analyse the following sentences according to descriptive analysis:
1. Investigators at first suggested that the blight was caused by static energy, smoke from railroad trains, or vapors from underground volcanoes; however, the root cause was later discovered as an airborne fungus that traveled from Mexico.
2. Due to the apparent screaming that the plant made as it was pulled from the ground, people in the Middle Ages believed that the person who removed the mandrake from the earth would either die or go insane. 3. The tiger moth, in deed, is a clear example of a concept that many predators intuitively understand that creatures with the brightest coloration are often the least suitable to eat.
4.Video-conferencing has been disparaged for the lack of eye-contact that can affect the efficacy of the medium and for the fact that participants can be camera conscious.
5. The public needs experts to offer them specialized advice, but because this advice is specialized they are not in a position to know what advice they need so this has to be defined in conversation with the professional.
6. This is tough on those diligent professionals who produce excellent work; but since –as everyone agrees- awful programs far outnumber the good, it is a relief to know the former cannot do much harm.
7. We who are fortune enough to live in this enlightened century hardly realize how our ancestors suffered from their belief in the existence of mysterious and malevolent beings.
8. I have no sympathy with a poor man I knew, who, when suicides abounded, told me he dared not look at his razor.
9. We wish to ensure that there is greater recognition of the cost attached to housing growth, and that a means is found to resource the establishment of sustainable communities in growth areas.
10. The belief that merit is neglected forms the secret consolidation of almost every human being from the mightiest to the meanest peasant.
11. Like individuals who give to charity, many countries feel it is their religious, social, or moral duty to help people in other countries who are suffering from famine, drought, war, or disease.
12. When the whale comes up to take a nice big breath of fresh air, it instead gets a nice big breath of exhaust fume so it is hard to say how greatly it affects the animals, but think how breathing polluted air affects us.
13. Those who are allergic to furry pets, pollen, and plants are prescribed mild medication or taught how to control their reactions with simple lifestyle changes, while/ but those with food allergies learn to safely remove certain food from their diets.
14. It is not known exactly how or when the potatoes were first introduced to Europe, however, the general assumption is that it arrived on a Spanish ship sometime in the 1600s. 15. A few relief programs were eventually implemented, such as soup kitchens and workhouses; however, these were poorly - run institutions that facilitated the spread of disease and offered inadequate food supplies considering the extent of Ireland’s shortages.
16. Although the surviving stocks have probably been sufficient to sustain the resident pods, many of the runs that have been lost were undoubtedly traditional resources favoured by the resident orcas.
17. But because of the fact that orcas are so popular, they may be the best species to use as a focal point in bringing about the many changes that need to be made in order to protect the marine environment as a whole from further toxic poisoning.
18. Marine animals, busy hunting and feeding under the surface of the water, may not be aware that there is a kayak above them and actually hit the bottom of it as they surface to breathe.
19. With novels, the reader attends mainly to the meaning of words rather than the way they are printed on the page, whereas the ‘reader’ of a painting must attend just as closely to the material form of marks and shapes in the picture as to any ideas they may signify.
20. Population growth in the new housing areas failed to spark adequate private-sector investment in town centre uses, and the limited investment which did take did not succeed in delivering the number and range of town centre uses which are needed by the growing population.
21/Do ports all produce a range of common urban characteristics which justify classifying port cities together under a single generic label?
22/Sea ports have been transformed by the advent of powered vessels, whose size and draught have increased.
5/Ports take advantage of the need for breaking up the bulk material where loading and unloading costs can be minimised by refining raw materials or turning them into finished goods.
23/The major examples here are oil refining and ore refining, which are commonly located at ports. 24/Cities which began as ports retain the chief commercial and administrative centre of the city close to the waterfront
