This PhD thesis (totaling approximately 55,000 words) argues for the value of biometric studies of domesticates as a means by which to examine controversial questions in archaeological research. Taking the Greek colonisation of southern Italy and the Adriatic coast of Croatia as case studies faunal material was examined from Greece and both of these areas to determine what data domesticates could provide as to the scale and process of Greek colonisation in these regions. Distinct varieties of sheep and cattle were identified from Greece through bone measurements. These Greek livestock could then be traced to colonies in Italy, although not necessarily in Croatia. It was argued from the scale of evidence for domesticate translocation it Italy that a substantial majority of settlement in these colonies came from settlement relocation of families or groups from Greece, but that some indigenous or “other” variety livestock were included in the domesticate makeup of each colony site. Some provisional data from Archaic and later indigenous sites from Italy suggested that Greek livestock varieties were traded throughout the colonial landscape. Data from Croatia was less clear, as no conclusive evidence for Greek livestock translocation to colonies could be found. Likewise, no evidence was found of trade in Greek livestock varieties with indigenous settlements.