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Link to original content: https://www.paldat.org/pub/Theobroma_cacao
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PalDat - Palynological Database

an online publication on recent pollen

Theobroma cacao

Taxonomy: Angiospermae, Malvales, Malvaceae, Theobroma

Published: 2021-02-01

Pollen Description

Shape, Size and Aperture

pollen unit: monad,  dispersal unit and peculiarities: monad,  size (pollen unit): small (10-25 µm),  size of hydrated pollen (LM): 16-20 µm,  shortest polar axis in equatorial view (LM): 16-20 µm,  longest polar axis in equatorial view (LM): 16-20 µm,  shortest diameter in equatorial or polar view (LM): 16-20 µm,  longest diameter in equatorial or polar view (LM): 16-20 µm,  pollen class: colpate,  polarity: isopolar,  P/E-ratio: -,  shape: spheroidal,  outline in polar view: circular,  dominant orientation (LM): oblique,  P/E-ratio (dry pollen): -,  shape (dry pollen): irregular,  outline in polar view (dry pollen): irregular,  infoldings (dry pollen): irregularly infolded,  aperture number: 3,  aperture type: colpus,  aperture condition: colpate, tricolpate,  aperture peculiarities: brevicolpus

Ornamentation and Structure

LM  ornamentation LM: reticulate,  nexine: -,  sexine: -,  SEM  ornamentation SEM: reticulate, perforate,  suprasculpture SEM: -,  TEM  tectum: -,  infratectum: -,  foot layer: -,  endexine: -,  intine: -,  wall peculiarities: -,  supratectal element: -

Miscellaneous

pollen coatings: -,  reserves in cytoplasm: -,  cell number: -,  Ubisch bodies: present

Author(s) of diagnosis: Halbritter, Heidemarie; Heigl, Helmut

Pictures

flower(s)

1. flower(s)

flower(s)

2. flower(s)

flower(s)

3. flower(s)

hydrated pollen

4. hydrated pollen

hydrated pollen

5. hydrated pollen

hydrated pollen

6. hydrated pollen

polar view (oblique)

7. polar view (oblique)

equatorial view

8. equatorial view

aperture

9. aperture

exine surface

10. exine surface

polar area

11. polar area

dry pollen grains

12. dry pollen grains

Ubisch bodies on inner anther wall

13. Ubisch bodies on inner anther wall

Picture legend

  1. flower(s), photographer: Buchner, R.
  2. flower(s), photographer: Buchner, R.
  3. flower(s), photographer: Buchner, R.
  4. hydrated pollen - fresh, glycerine, unstained, photographer: Heigl, H.
  5. hydrated pollen - fresh, glycerine, ruthenium red, photographer: Heigl, H.
  6. hydrated pollen - fresh, glycerine, ruthenium red, photographer: Heigl, H.
  7. polar view (oblique) - fresh, rehydrated (water) & critical point dried & sputter coated with gold, photographer: Halbritter, H.
  8. equatorial view - fresh, rehydrated (water) & critical point dried & sputter coated with gold, photographer: Halbritter, H.
  9. aperture - fresh, rehydrated (water) & critical point dried & sputter coated with gold, photographer: Halbritter, H.
  10. exine surface - fresh, rehydrated (water) & critical point dried & sputter coated with gold, photographer: Halbritter, H.
  11. polar area - fresh, rehydrated (water) & critical point dried & sputter coated with gold, photographer: Halbritter, H.
  12. dry pollen grains - dry, sputter coated with gold, photographer: Halbritter, H.
  13. Ubisch bodies on inner anther wall - fresh, rehydrated (water) & critical point dried & sputter coated with gold, photographer: Halbritter, H.

Literature

  • Halbritter, H (1998) Preparing living pollen material for scanning electron microscopy using 2,2-dimethoxypropane (DMP) and criticalpoint drying. Biotechnic Histochem 73: 137–143

Copyright and Citation

Cite this publication as:

Halbritter H., Heigl H., Buchner R. 2021. Theobroma cacao. In: PalDat - A palynological database. https://www.paldat.org/pub/Theobroma_cacao/305202;jsessionid=1985E03B38EF8C9ED0826BF7B88A6F85; accessed 2024-11-24

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