The oldest gnathostome teeth

doi:10.1038/s41586-022-05166-2

. 2022 Sep;609(7929):964-968.

doi: 10.1038/s41586-022-05166-2. Epub 2022 Sep 28.

The oldest gnathostome teeth

Plamen S Andreev^#^{1

2}, Ivan J Sansom^#³, Qiang Li^#^{1

2}, Wenjin Zhao^{2

4

5}, Jianhua Wang¹, Chun-Chieh Wang⁶, Lijian Peng¹, Liantao Jia², Tuo Qiao^{2

4}, Min Zhu^{7

8

9}

Affiliations

¹ Research Center of Natural History and Culture, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, China.
² Key CAS Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China.
³ School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
⁴ CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing, China.
⁵ College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
⁶ National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
⁷ Key CAS Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China. zhumin@ivpp.ac.cn.
⁸ CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing, China. zhumin@ivpp.ac.cn.
⁹ College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. zhumin@ivpp.ac.cn.

^# Contributed equally.

PMID: 36171375
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05166-2

The oldest gnathostome teeth

Plamen S Andreev et al. Nature. 2022 Sep.

. 2022 Sep;609(7929):964-968.

doi: 10.1038/s41586-022-05166-2. Epub 2022 Sep 28.

Authors

Plamen S Andreev^#^{1

2}, Ivan J Sansom^#³, Qiang Li^#^{1

2}, Wenjin Zhao^{2

4

5}, Jianhua Wang¹, Chun-Chieh Wang⁶, Lijian Peng¹, Liantao Jia², Tuo Qiao^{2

4}, Min Zhu^{7

8

9}

Affiliations

¹ Research Center of Natural History and Culture, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, China.
² Key CAS Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China.
³ School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
⁴ CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing, China.
⁵ College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
⁶ National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
⁷ Key CAS Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China. zhumin@ivpp.ac.cn.
⁸ CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing, China. zhumin@ivpp.ac.cn.
⁹ College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. zhumin@ivpp.ac.cn.

^# Contributed equally.

PMID: 36171375
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05166-2

Abstract

Mandibular teeth and dentitions are features of jawed vertebrates that were first acquired by the Palaeozoic ancestors^1-3 of living chondrichthyans and osteichthyans. The fossil record currently points to the latter part of the Silurian period^4-7 (around 425 million years ago) as a minimum date for the appearance of gnathostome teeth and to the evolution of growth and replacement mechanisms of mandibular dentitions in the subsequent Devonian period^2,8-10. Here we provide, to our knowledge, the earliest direct evidence for jawed vertebrates by describing Qianodus duplicis, a new genus and species of an early Silurian gnathostome based on isolated tooth whorls from Guizhou province, China. The whorls possess non-shedding teeth arranged in a pair of rows that demonstrate a number of features found in modern gnathostome groups. These include lingual addition of teeth in offset rows and maintenance of this patterning throughout whorl development. Our data extend the record of toothed gnathostomes by 14 million years from the late Silurian into the early Silurian (around 439 million years ago) and are important for documenting the initial diversification of vertebrates. Our analyses add to mounting fossil evidence that supports an earlier emergence of jawed vertebrates as part of the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event (approximately 485-445 million years ago).

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Comment in

Fossils reveal the deep roots of jawed vertebrates.
Friedman M. Friedman M. Nature. 2022 Sep;609(7929):897-898. doi: 10.1038/d41586-022-02973-5. Nature. 2022. PMID: 36171360 No abstract available.

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References

1. Donoghue, P. C. & Rücklin, M. The ins and outs of the evolutionary origin of teeth. Evol. Dev. 18, 19–30 (2016). - PubMed - DOI
1. Smith, M. M. Vertebrate dentitions at the origin of jaws: when and how pattern evolved. Evol. Dev. 5, 394–413 (2003). - PubMed - DOI
1. Vaškaninová, V. et al. Marginal dentition and multiple dermal jawbones as the ancestral condition of jawed vertebrates. Science 369, 211–216 (2020). - PubMed - DOI
1. Chen, D., Blom, H., Sanchez, S., Tafforeau, P. & Ahlberg, P. E. The stem osteichthyan Andreolepis and the origin of tooth replacement. Nature 539, 237–241 (2016). - PubMed - DOI
1. Chen, D. et al. Development of cyclic shedding teeth from semi-shedding teeth: the inner dental arcade of the stem osteichthyan Lophosteus. R. Soc. Open Sci. 4, 161084 (2017). - PubMed - PMC - DOI

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[1] Donoghue, P. C. & Rücklin, M. The ins and outs of the evolutionary origin of teeth. Evol. Dev. 18, 19–30 (2016). - PubMed - DOI

[2] Donoghue, P. C. & Rücklin, M. The ins and outs of the evolutionary origin of teeth. Evol. Dev. 18, 19–30 (2016). - PubMed - DOI

[3] Smith, M. M. Vertebrate dentitions at the origin of jaws: when and how pattern evolved. Evol. Dev. 5, 394–413 (2003). - PubMed - DOI

[4] Smith, M. M. Vertebrate dentitions at the origin of jaws: when and how pattern evolved. Evol. Dev. 5, 394–413 (2003). - PubMed - DOI

[5] Vaškaninová, V. et al. Marginal dentition and multiple dermal jawbones as the ancestral condition of jawed vertebrates. Science 369, 211–216 (2020). - PubMed - DOI

[6] Vaškaninová, V. et al. Marginal dentition and multiple dermal jawbones as the ancestral condition of jawed vertebrates. Science 369, 211–216 (2020). - PubMed - DOI

[7] Chen, D., Blom, H., Sanchez, S., Tafforeau, P. & Ahlberg, P. E. The stem osteichthyan Andreolepis and the origin of tooth replacement. Nature 539, 237–241 (2016). - PubMed - DOI

[8] Chen, D., Blom, H., Sanchez, S., Tafforeau, P. & Ahlberg, P. E. The stem osteichthyan Andreolepis and the origin of tooth replacement. Nature 539, 237–241 (2016). - PubMed - DOI

[9] Chen, D. et al. Development of cyclic shedding teeth from semi-shedding teeth: the inner dental arcade of the stem osteichthyan Lophosteus. R. Soc. Open Sci. 4, 161084 (2017). - PubMed - PMC - DOI

[10] Chen, D. et al. Development of cyclic shedding teeth from semi-shedding teeth: the inner dental arcade of the stem osteichthyan Lophosteus. R. Soc. Open Sci. 4, 161084 (2017). - PubMed - PMC - DOI

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The oldest gnathostome teeth

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