Abstract
Rho family GTPases are implicated in a variety of biological activities, including endocytic vesicle trafficking. Rnd2 is a new member of Rho family GTPases, but its biological functions are not known. In the present study, we have performed a yeast two-hybrid screening using Rnd2 as bait and revealed that Rnd2 binds specifically to Vps4-A (where Vsp4-A is vacuolar protein sorting 4-A), a member of the AAA ATPase family and a central regulator for early endosome trafficking. This interaction was determined by the yeast two-hybrid system, in vitro binding and co-immunoprecipitation studies. Vps4-A associated with both guanosine 5'-[beta-thio]triphosphate-bound active and guanosine 5'-[beta-thio]diphosphate-bound inactive forms of Rnd2. An ATPase-defective Vps4-A mutant, Vps4-A(E228Q), expressed in HeLa cells was accumulated in the early endosomes. When Rnd2 was co-expressed with Vps4-A(E228Q), Rnd2 was recruited to the Vps4-A-bound early endosomes. These results suggest that Rnd2 is involved in the regulation of endosomal trafficking via direct binding to Vps4-A.
Full Text
The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (188.3 KB).
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Aoki J., Katoh H., Mori K., Negishi M. Rnd1, a novel rho family GTPase, induces the formation of neuritic processes in PC12 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2000 Nov 30;278(3):604–608. doi: 10.1006/bbrc.2000.3842. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Babst M., Sato T. K., Banta L. M., Emr S. D. Endosomal transport function in yeast requires a novel AAA-type ATPase, Vps4p. EMBO J. 1997 Apr 15;16(8):1820–1831. doi: 10.1093/emboj/16.8.1820. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Babst M., Wendland B., Estepa E. J., Emr S. D. The Vps4p AAA ATPase regulates membrane association of a Vps protein complex required for normal endosome function. EMBO J. 1998 Jun 1;17(11):2982–2993. doi: 10.1093/emboj/17.11.2982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bishop N., Woodman P. ATPase-defective mammalian VPS4 localizes to aberrant endosomes and impairs cholesterol trafficking. Mol Biol Cell. 2000 Jan;11(1):227–239. doi: 10.1091/mbc.11.1.227. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bishop N., Woodman P. TSG101/mammalian VPS23 and mammalian VPS28 interact directly and are recruited to VPS4-induced endosomes. J Biol Chem. 2000 Dec 27;276(15):11735–11742. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M009863200. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ellis S., Mellor H. Regulation of endocytic traffic by rho family GTPases. Trends Cell Biol. 2000 Mar;10(3):85–88. doi: 10.1016/s0962-8924(99)01710-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Foster R., Hu K. Q., Lu Y., Nolan K. M., Thissen J., Settleman J. Identification of a novel human Rho protein with unusual properties: GTPase deficiency and in vivo farnesylation. Mol Cell Biol. 1996 Jun;16(6):2689–2699. doi: 10.1128/mcb.16.6.2689. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Garrett W. S., Chen L. M., Kroschewski R., Ebersold M., Turley S., Trombetta S., Galán J. E., Mellman I. Developmental control of endocytosis in dendritic cells by Cdc42. Cell. 2000 Aug 4;102(3):325–334. doi: 10.1016/s0092-8674(00)00038-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Guasch R. M., Scambler P., Jones G. E., Ridley A. J. RhoE regulates actin cytoskeleton organization and cell migration. Mol Cell Biol. 1998 Aug;18(8):4761–4771. doi: 10.1128/mcb.18.8.4761. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Howard T. L., Stauffer D. R., Degnin C. R., Hollenberg S. M. CHMP1 functions as a member of a newly defined family of vesicle trafficking proteins. J Cell Sci. 2001 Jul;114(Pt 13):2395–2404. doi: 10.1242/jcs.114.13.2395. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Katoh H., Aoki J., Ichikawa A., Negishi M. p160 RhoA-binding kinase ROKalpha induces neurite retraction. J Biol Chem. 1998 Jan 30;273(5):2489–2492. doi: 10.1074/jbc.273.5.2489. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Katoh H., Yasui H., Yamaguchi Y., Aoki J., Fujita H., Mori K., Negishi M. Small GTPase RhoG is a key regulator for neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells. Mol Cell Biol. 2000 Oct;20(19):7378–7387. doi: 10.1128/mcb.20.19.7378-7387.2000. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lamaze C., Chuang T. H., Terlecky L. J., Bokoch G. M., Schmid S. L. Regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis by Rho and Rac. Nature. 1996 Jul 11;382(6587):177–179. doi: 10.1038/382177a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lemmon S. K., Traub L. M. Sorting in the endosomal system in yeast and animal cells. Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2000 Aug;12(4):457–466. doi: 10.1016/s0955-0674(00)00117-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Manser E., Leung T., Lim L. Purification and assay of kinases that interact with Rac/Cdc42. Methods Enzymol. 1995;256:215–227. doi: 10.1016/0076-6879(95)56026-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Mu F. T., Callaghan J. M., Steele-Mortimer O., Stenmark H., Parton R. G., Campbell P. L., McCluskey J., Yeo J. P., Tock E. P., Toh B. H. EEA1, an early endosome-associated protein. EEA1 is a conserved alpha-helical peripheral membrane protein flanked by cysteine "fingers" and contains a calmodulin-binding IQ motif. J Biol Chem. 1995 Jun 2;270(22):13503–13511. doi: 10.1074/jbc.270.22.13503. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Murphy C., Saffrich R., Grummt M., Gournier H., Rybin V., Rubino M., Auvinen P., Lütcke A., Parton R. G., Zerial M. Endosome dynamics regulated by a Rho protein. Nature. 1996 Dec 5;384(6608):427–432. doi: 10.1038/384427a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Nobes C. D., Lauritzen I., Mattei M. G., Paris S., Hall A., Chardin P. A new member of the Rho family, Rnd1, promotes disassembly of actin filament structures and loss of cell adhesion. J Cell Biol. 1998 Apr 6;141(1):187–197. doi: 10.1083/jcb.141.1.187. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Scheuring S., Röhricht R. A., Schöning-Burkhardt B., Beyer A., Müller S., Abts H. F., Köhrer K. Mammalian cells express two VPS4 proteins both of which are involved in intracellular protein trafficking. J Mol Biol. 2001 Sep 21;312(3):469–480. doi: 10.1006/jmbi.2001.4917. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Yoshimori T., Yamagata F., Yamamoto A., Mizushima N., Kabeya Y., Nara A., Miwako I., Ohashi M., Ohsumi M., Ohsumi Y. The mouse SKD1, a homologue of yeast Vps4p, is required for normal endosomal trafficking and morphology in mammalian cells. Mol Biol Cell. 2000 Feb;11(2):747–763. doi: 10.1091/mbc.11.2.747. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Zahn R., Stevenson B. J., Schröder-Köhne S., Zanolari B., Riezman H., Munn A. L. End13p/Vps4p is required for efficient transport from early to late endosomes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Cell Sci. 2001 May;114(Pt 10):1935–1947. doi: 10.1242/jcs.114.10.1935. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]