MeSH

A polynucleotide consisting essentially of chains with a repeating backbone of phosphate and ribose units to which nitrogenous bases are attached. RNA is unique among biological macromolecules in that it can encode genetic information, serve as an abundant structural component of cells, and also possesses catalytic activity. (Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)

Year introduced: RNA, NON-POLYADENYLATED was NON-POLYADENYLATED RNA (NM) 1981-1994

An enzyme that catalyses RNA-template-directed extension of the 3'- end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time, and can initiate a chain de novo. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p293)

Year introduced: 1991(1975)

RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerases found in species of CORONAVIRIDAE.

Year introduced: 2021

A class of untranslated RNA molecules that are typically greater than 200 nucleotides in length and do not code for proteins. Members of this class have been found to play roles in transcriptional regulation, post-transcriptional processing, CHROMATIN REMODELING, and in the epigenetic control of chromatin.

Year introduced: 2014 (2013)

The processes of RNA tertiary structure formation.

Year introduced: 2012

The different gene transcripts generated from a single gene by RNA EDITING or ALTERNATIVE SPLICING of RNA PRECURSORS.

Year introduced: 2012

A reaction that severs one of the sugar-phosphate linkages of the phosphodiester backbone of RNA. It is catalyzed enzymatically, chemically, or by radiation. Cleavage may be exonucleolytic, or endonucleolytic.

Year introduced: 2012

Short RNA, about 200 base pairs in length or shorter, that does not code for protein.

Year introduced: 2011

A large family of RNA helicases that share a common protein motif with the single letter amino acid sequence D-E-A-D (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp). In addition to RNA helicase activity, members of the DEAD-box family participate in other aspects of RNA metabolism and regulation of RNA function.

Year introduced: 2007(1988)

A DNA-directed RNA polymerase found in BACTERIA. It is a holoenzyme that consists of multiple subunits including sigma factor 54.

Year introduced: 2006(1991)

Ribonucleic acid in algae having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in protein synthesis.

Year introduced: 2005

The conversion of uncharged TRANSFER RNA to AMINO ACYL TRNA.

Year introduced: 2005

Components of ribosomal RNA that undergo auto-catalyzed molecular rearrangements of their RNA sequence.

Year introduced: 2004

Proteins that specifically bind to RNA CAPS and form nuclear cap binding protein complexes. In addition to stabilizing the 5' end of mRNAs, they serve a diverse array of functions such as enhancing mRNA transport out of the CELL NUCLEUS and regulating MRNA TRANSLATION in the CYTOPLASM.

Year introduced: 2003

Sequences found near the 3' end of MESSENGER RNA that direct the cleavage and addition of multiple ADENINE NUCLEOTIDES to the 3' end of mRNA.

Year introduced: 2003

A regulatory sequence found in the 5' terminal regions of a variety of RNA species. The sequence starts with a CYTIDINE, which is followed by a stretch of 5 to 15 PYRIMIDINE NUCLEOTIDES. Messenger RNA that contains the 5' Terminal Oligo Pyrimidine tract is often referred to as 5' TOP mRNA. The sequence acts as a translational regulator and has been found in mRNAs for PEPTIDE ELONGATION FACTORS and RIBOSOMAL PROTEINS.

Year introduced: 2003

A ubiquitous hnRNP protein that contains an RNA RECOGNITION MOTIF and C-terminal ranBP2-type zinc finger. It localizes to the CELL NUCLEUS and CYTOPLASM and is expressed as different isoforms in various tissues, interacting with CALMODULIN and TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEIN P53 to negatively regulate cell growth. Translocations that result in the formation of fusion proteins containing parts of RNA-binding protein EWS are associated with EWING SARCOMA.

Year introduced: 2003

A multicomponent, ribonucleoprotein complex comprised of one of the family of ARGONAUTE PROTEINS and the guide strand of the one of the 20- to 30-nucleotide small RNAs. RISC cleaves specific RNAs, which are targeted for degradation by homology to these small RNAs. Functions in regulating gene expression are determined by the specific argonaute protein and small RNA including siRNA (RNA, SMALL INTERFERING), miRNA (MICRORNA), or piRNA (PIWI-INTERACTING RNA).

Year introduced: 2003

Small double-stranded, non-protein coding RNAs (21-31 nucleotides) involved in GENE SILENCING functions, especially RNA INTERFERENCE (RNAi). Endogenously, siRNAs are generated from dsRNAs (RNA, DOUBLE-STRANDED) by the same ribonuclease, Dicer, that generates miRNAs (MICRORNAS). The perfect match of the siRNAs' antisense strand to their target RNAs mediates RNAi by siRNA-guided RNA cleavage. siRNAs fall into different classes including trans-acting siRNA (tasiRNA), repeat-associated RNA (rasiRNA), small-scan RNA (scnRNA), and Piwi protein-interacting RNA (piRNA) and have different specific gene silencing functions.

Year introduced: 2003

A multifunctional heterogeneous-nuclear ribonucleoprotein that may play a role in homologous DNA pairing and recombination. The N-terminal portion of protein is a potent transcriptional activator, while the C terminus is required for RNA binding. The name FUS refers to the fact that genetic recombination events result in fusion oncogene proteins (ONCOGENE PROTEINS, FUSION) that contain the N-terminal region of this protein. These fusion proteins have been found in myxoid liposarcoma (LIPOSARCOMA, MYXOID) and acute myeloid leukemia.

Year introduced: 2003