iBet uBet web content aggregator. Adding the entire web to your favor.
iBet uBet web content aggregator. Adding the entire web to your favor.



Link to original content: https://unpaywall.org/10.1007/S11277-009-9809-X
Performance Analysis of MIMO Based CDMA Code Acquisition Over Rayleigh Fading Channels | Wireless Personal Communications Skip to main content
Springer Nature Link
Log in

Performance Analysis of MIMO Based CDMA Code Acquisition Over Rayleigh Fading Channels

  • Published:
Wireless Personal Communications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper proposes a new MIMO based CDMA code acquisition scheme. The pilot codes consist of a number of short Gold code sequences which are transmitted in parallel using a group of transmit antennas. Reception diversity is performed by multiple receive antennas at the receiver. Three different acquisition detection techniques are proposed and compared. Corresponding threshold optimizations are investigated as well. Detection and false alarm probabilities are derived in closed form based on the outputs of non-coherent matched filters. The acquisition performance is evaluated in terms of mean acquisition time (MAT) in Rayleigh fading environment. It is shown that the proposed MIMO acquisition scheme exhibits a much better MAT performance than the conventional single-antenna acquisition scheme. The results reveal that multiple receive antennas can be utilized to significantly reduce the MAT at the expense of receiver complexity increase. On the other hand, increasing the number of transmit antennas makes the MAT performance more robust in the presence of strong interference.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Tarokh V., Seshadri N., Calderbank A. R. (1998) Space–time codes for high data rate wireless communication: Performance criterion and code construction. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 44(2): 744–765

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  2. Alamouti S. M. (1998) A simple transmit diversity technique for wireless communications. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 16: 1451–1458

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Hammons R. Jr., El Gamal H. (2000) On the theory of space–time codes for PSK modulation. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 46: 524–542

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  4. Gesbert D., Shafi M., Shiu D. (2003) From theory to practice: an overview of MIMO space–time coded wireless systems. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 21(3): 281–302

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Petre F., Leus G., Deneire L., Engels M., Moonen M., De Man H. (2003) Space–time block coding for single-carrier block transmission DS–CDMA downlink. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 21(3): 350–361

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Cances J. P., Mohammadkhani G. R., Meghdadi V. (2006) Turbo interference mitigation in layered space–time MIMO DS–CDMA uplink with TTCM (turbo trellis coded modulation). Wireless Personal Communications 37(1–2): 105–121

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Yu J., Lee I. (2006) MIMO capon receiver and channel estimation for space–time coded CDMA systems. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 5(11): 3023–3028

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Fahmy Y. A., Mourad H. M., Al-Hussaini E. K. (2006) Multi-user MIMO mobile CDMA uplink system employing turbo coding and joint detection through a multipath Rayleigh fading channel. Wireless Personal Communications 38(3): 325–341

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Jovanovic V. M. (1988) Analysis of strategies for serial-search spread-spectrum code acquisition—Direct approach. IEEE Transactions on Communications 36(11): 1208–1220

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Su Y. T. (1988) Rapid code acquisition algorithms employing PN matched filters. IEEE Transactions on Communications 36: 724–733

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Rick R. R., Milstein L. B. (1997) Parallel acquisition in mobile DS–CDMA systems. IEEE Transactions on Communications 45(11): 1466–1476

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Rick R. R., Milstein L. B. (1997) Parallel acquisition of spread-spectrum signals with antenna diversity. IEEE Transactions on Communications 45(8): 903–905

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Shin O., Lee K. B. (2003) Use of multiple antennas for DS–CDMA code acquisition. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 2(3): 424–430

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  14. Kim S. (2004) Acquisition performance of CDMA systems with multiple antennas. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 53(5): 1341–1353

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Won H., Shin O., Lee K. B. (2003) Acquisition for DS–CDMA systems with multiple antennas in frequency-selective fading channels. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 2(4): 787–798

    Google Scholar 

  16. Zhang Y., Miller S. L. (2003) Code acquisition in transmit diversity DS–CDMA systems. IEEE Transactions on Communications 51(8): 1378–1388

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Kwon Y., Kim K., Shin M., Lee C. (2004) An efficient code timing acquisition for MIMO CDMA system. IEEE 59th Vehicular Technology Conference 2: 819–823

    Google Scholar 

  18. Won, S., & Hanzo, L. (2006). Serial search based initial code acquisition in the multiple transmit/receive antenna aided multi-carrier DS–CDMA Downlink. In: 2006 IEEE ninth international symposium on spread spectrum techniques and applications (pp. 64–68).

  19. Torrieri D. (2005) Principles of spread-spectrum communication systems. Springer, NY

    Google Scholar 

  20. Peterson R. L., Ziemer R. E., Borth D. E. (1995) Introduce to spread spectrum communications. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada

    Deng Liao, Dongyu Qiu & Ahmed K. Elhakeem

Authors
  1. Deng Liao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Dongyu Qiu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Ahmed K. Elhakeem
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Deng Liao.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Liao, D., Qiu, D. & Elhakeem, A.K. Performance Analysis of MIMO Based CDMA Code Acquisition Over Rayleigh Fading Channels. Wireless Pers Commun 55, 457–473 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-009-9809-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-009-9809-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation