Abstract
A set of wireless mobile terminals, which cooperate by routing packets to each other creates a Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET). MANETs are continuing to grow their interest in research environment and they are attracting attention for their potential use in several fields such as collaborative computing and disaster recovery environments. Considering mobility of the terminals, the topology changes rapidly and routing becomes a key process for operation of MANETs. In this paper, we analyze the performance of Better Approach To MANET (BATMAN) routing protocol in an outdoor bridge environment considering mobility and vertical communication. We implement two scenarios on our testbed and evaluate the performance in terms of throughput and packetloss.
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.Notes
That is the probability that broadcast messages are received by all nodes in the network.
Abbreviations
- MANET:
-
Mobile Ad-hoc Network
- BATMAN:
-
Better Approach to Mobile Ad-hoc Networks
- IEEE:
-
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
- OLSR:
-
Optimized link state routing
- LQWS:
-
Link quality window size
- DSR:
-
Dynamic source routing
- ETX:
-
Expected transmission count
- OGM:
-
Originator message
- TTL:
-
Time to live
- SQ:
-
Sequence number
- NBRF:
-
Neighbor ranking sequence frame
- OBST:
-
Outdoor bridge static
- OBSM:
-
Outdoor bridge source moving
- OBDM:
-
Outdoor bridge destination moving
- AP:
-
Access point
- D-ITG:
-
Distributed Internet Traffic Generator
- GUI:
-
Graphical user interface
- CBR:
-
Constant bit rate
- MT:
-
Mesh topology
- DTR:
-
Data transmission rate
References
Lundgren H, Nordstrom E, Tschudin C (2002) Coping with communication gray zones in IEEE 802.11b Based Ad-Hoc Networks. In: Proceedings of international workshop on wireless mobile multimedia (WOWMOM-2002/MOBICOM-2002), pp 49–55
De Marco G, Ikeda M, Yang T, Barolli L (2007) Experimental performance evaluation of a pro-active ad-hoc routing protocol in outdoor and indoor scenarios. In: Proceedings of international conference on advanced information networking and applications (AINA-2007), May 2007, pp 7–14
Barolli L, Ikeda M, De Marco G, Durresi A, Xhafa F (2009) Performance analysis of OLSR and BATMAN protocols considering link quality parameter. In: Proceedings of international conference on advanced information networking and applications (AINA-2009), May 2009, pp 307–314
Ikeda M, Barolli L, Hiyama M, Yang T, De Marco G, Durresi A (2009) Performance evaluation of a MANET testbed for differenet topologies. In: Proceedings of international conference on network-based information systems (NBiS-2009), Indianapolis, August 2009, pp 327–334
Kulla E, Ikeda M, Barolli L, Miho R (2010) Impact of source and destination movement on MANET performance considering BATMAN and AODV protocols. In: Proceedings of international conference on broadband, wireless computing, communication and applications (BWCCA-2010), pp 94–101
Open mesh webpage for a collection of tools to build free and open mesh networks. http://www.open-mesh.org/. Accessed on October 2012
Nordström E (2002) APE: a large scale ad-hoc network testbed for reproducible performance tests. Masters thesis, Uppsala University, Sweden
Owada Y, Takahashi Y, Suda T, Terui H, Taki F, Yagi T, Mase K (2005) A large scale wireless mobile ad-hoc network testbed. In: proceedings of IEEE vehicular technology conference, September 2005. pp 324–328
Draves R, Padhye J, Zill B (2004) Comparison of routing metrics for static multi-hop wireless networks. In: Proceedings of international conference on special interest group on data, communication (SIGCOMM-2004), pp 133–144
Hanashi AM, Siddique A, Awan I, Woodward M (2007) Performance evaluation of dynamic probablilistic flooding under different mobility models in MANETs. In: Proceedings of international conference on parallel and distributed systems (ICPADS-2007), vol 2, pp 1–6
Hanashi AM, Awan I, Woodward M (2009) Performance evaluation with different mobility models for dynamic probabilistic flooding in MANETs. J Mobile Inf Syst (IJMIS) 5(1):65–80. doi:10.3233/MIS-2009-0073
Bicket J, Aguayo D, Biswas S, Morris R (2005) Architecture and evaluation of an unplanned 802.11b Mesh Network. In: Proceedings of international conference on mobile computing and networking (MOBICOM-2005), pp 31–42
Maltz DA, Broch J, Johnson DB (2001) Lessons from a full-scale multihop wireless ad-hoc network testbed. J Personal Commun 8(1):8–15
Perkins C, Belding-Royer E, Das S (2003) Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing. In: RFC 3561 (experimental), July 2003
Johnson DB, Maltz DA, Broch J (2001) DSR: the dynamic source routing protocol for multi-hop wireless ad-hoc networks. J Ad-Hoc Netw 5:139–172
Gray RS, Kotz D, Newport C, Dubrovsky N, Fiske A, Liu J, Masone C, McGrath S, Yuan Y (2004) Outdoor experimental comparison of four ad-hoc routing algorithms. In: Proceedings of modeling, analysis and simulation of wireless mobile systems (MSWiM-2004), pp 220–229
Borgia E, Conti M, Gregori E (2005) IEEE 802.11b ad-hoc networks: performance measurements. J Cluster Comput 8(2–3):135–145
Clausen T, Hansen G, Christensen L, Behrmann G (2001) The optimized link state routing protocol, evaluation through experiments and simulation. In: Proceedings of IEEE symposium on wireless personal mobile communications, September 2001. http://hipercom.inria.fr/olsr/wpmc01.ps. Accessed on October 2012
Johnson D, Hancke G (2009) Comparison of two routing metrics in OLSR on a grid based mesh network. J Ad-Hoc Netw 7(2):374–387
Haas ZJ, Halpern JY, Li L (2006) Gossip-based ad-hoc routing. IEEE/ACM Trans Netw 14(3):479–491
Rt2x00 Project for Linux wireless cards drivers. http://rt2x00.serialmonkey.com/. Accessed on December 2011
Ralink RT2570 USB enhanced driver. http://homepages.tu-darmstadt.de/p_larbig/wlan/. Accessed on December 2011
Dainotti A, BottaA, Pescap A (2007) Do you know what you are generating? In: Procedings of international conference on emerging networking experiments and technologies (CoNEXT-2007), New York, USA, pp 1–2
Chissungo E, Blake E, Le H (2011) Investigation into Batman-adv protocol performance in an indoor mesh potato testbed. In: Proceedings of IEEE international conference on intelligent networking and collaborative systems (IEEE INCoS-2011), pp 8–13
Acknowledgments
This work is supported by a Grant-in-Aid for scientific research of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS). The authors would like to thank JSPS for the financial support.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kulla, E., Ikeda, M., Oda, T. et al. Experimental results from a MANET testbed in outdoor bridge environment considering BATMAN routing protocol. Computing 95, 1073–1086 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00607-012-0225-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00607-012-0225-9