Abstract
Children as they grow up start to discover their neighborhood and surrounding areas and get increasingly involved in social interaction. We aim to support this process through a system of so-called electronic partners (ePartners) that function as teammates to their users. These ePartners should adapt their behavior to norms that govern the social contexts (e.g., the family or school) in which they are functioning. We argue that the envisaged normative framework for ePartners for children should be based on an understanding of the target domain that is grounded in user studies. It is the aim of this paper to provide such understanding, in particular answering the following questions: (1) what are the main elements that make up the social context of the target domain (family life), and how are they related?, and (2) what are the relationships between these elements of the social context and the normative framework in which we envision the ePartners to operate? To answer these questions we conducted focus groups sessions and a cultural probe study with parents and children. The transcripts from these sessions were analyzed using grounded theory, which has resulted in a grounded model that shows that (1) activities, concerns, and limitations related to family life are the main elements of the social context of this user group, and that all three elements are connected through the central concept of user values, and (2) norms can support these values by promoting activities, alleviating concerns and overcoming limitations. In this way the model provides the foundation for developing a normative framework to govern the behavior of ePartners for children, identifying user values as the starting point.
This publication was supported by the national Dutch program COMMIT.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
- 1.
Here, codes bear the meaning closer to tags in modern social applications. To code a piece of text is to tag it with a number of words or short phrases that relate to the content of that piece.
- 2.
- 3.
Names of participants are anonymized. Adults are referred to with one capital letter (for example, A or B), and children are referred to with a small c before one capital letter (for example, cA means the child of adult participant A).
References
Ali, R., Solís, C., Omoronyia, I., Salehie, M., Nuseibeh, B.: Social adaptation - when software gives users a voice. In: ENASE, pp. 75–84 (2012)
Andrighetto, G., Governatori, G., Noriega, P., van der Torre, L. (eds.): Normative Multi-Agent Systems. Dagstuhl Follow-Ups, vol. 4. Schloss Dagstuhl–Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, Wadern (2013)
Arciszewski, H.F.R., de Greef, T.E., van Delft, J.H.: Adaptive automation in a naval combat management system. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. A Syst. Humans 39(6), 1188–1199 (2009)
Russell Bernard, H.: Research Methods in Anthropology. Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. AltaMira Press, Walnut Creek (1995)
Bernhaupt, R., Obrist, M., Weiss, A., Beck, E., Tscheligi, M.: Trends in the living room and beyond: results from ethnographic studies using creative and playful probing. Comput. Entertain. 6(1), 5:1–5:23 (2008)
Bernhaupt, R., Weiss, A., Obrist, M., Tscheligi, M.: Playful probing: making probing more fun. In: Baranauskas, C., Abascal, J., Barbosa, S.D.J. (eds.) INTERACT 2007. LNCS, vol. 4662, pp. 606–619. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)
Breazeal, C., Gray, J., Hoffman, G., Berlin, M.: Social robots: beyond tools to partners. In: 13th IEEE International Workshop on Robot and Human Interactive Communication, 2004. ROMAN 2004, pp. 551–556, Sept 2004
Brown, J.S., Collins, A., Duguid, P., Bolt Beranek and Newman, Inc., Cambridge, MA, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Center for the Study of Reading.: Situated cognition and the culture of learning. Report (Institute for Research on Learning), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (1989)
Creswell, J.W.: Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Traditions, 1st edn. Sage Publications, London (1998)
de Greef, T.E.: ePartners for dynamic task allocation and coordination. Ph.D. Thesis, Delft University of Technology (2012)
Dignum, V.: A model for organizational interaction: based on agents, founded in logic. Ph.D. Thesis, Universiteit Utrecht (2004)
Figueiredo, K., Silva, V.: An algorithm to identify conflicts between norms and values. In: Balke, T., Dignum, F., van Riemsdijk, M.B., Chopra, A.K. (eds.) COIN 2013. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 8386, pp. 259–274. Springer, Heidelberg (2014)
Fogli, D., Guida, G.: Knowledge-centered design of decision support systems for emergency management. Decis. Support Syst. 55(1), 336–347 (2013)
Friedman, B., Kahn Jr, P.H.: Human values, ethics, and design. In: Jacko, J., Sears, A. (eds.) The Human-Computer Interaction Handbook, pp. 1177–1201. L. Erlbaum Associates Inc., Hillsdale (2003)
Gaver, B., Dunne, T., Pacenti, E.: Design: cultural probes. Interactions 6(1), 21–29 (1999)
Hansson, S.O.: Norms and values. Crítica 23(67), 3–13 (1991)
Blanson Henkemans, O.A., van der Boog, P.J.M., Lindenberg, J., van der Mast, C.A.P.G., Neerincx, M.A., Zwetsloot-Schonk, B.J.H.M.: An online lifestyle diary with a persuasive computer assistant providing feedback on self-management. Technol. Health Care 17, 253–257 (2009)
Hindriks, K., Neerincx, M.A., Vink, M.: The iCat as a natural interaction partner - playing go fish with a robot. In: Dechesne, F., Hattori, H., ter Mors, A., Such, J.M., Weyns, D., Dignum, F. (eds.) AAMAS 2011 Workshops. LNCS, vol. 7068, pp. 212–231. Springer, Heidelberg (2012)
Hollnagel, E., Woods, D.D.: Cognitive systems engineering: new wine in new bottles. Int. J. Man-Mach. Stud. 18(6), 583–600 (1983)
Hübner, J.F., Boissier, O., Bordini, R.H.: From organisation specification to normative programming in multi-agent organisations. In: Dix, J., Leite, J., Governatori, G., Jamroga, W. (eds.) CLIMA XI. LNCS, vol. 6245, pp. 117–134. Springer, Heidelberg (2010)
Hübner, J.F., Sichman, J.S., Boissier, O.: Developing organised multi-agent systems using the MOISE\(+\) model: programming issues at the system and agent levels. Int. J. Agent-Oriented Softw. Eng. 1, 370–395 (2007)
Kreuger, R.A., Casey, M.A.: Focus Groups: A Practical Guide for Applied Research, 4th edn. Pine Forge Press, Newbury Park (2008)
MacQueen, K., McLellan-Lemal, E., Bartholow, K., Milstein, B.: Team-based codebook development: structure, process, and agreement. In: Guest, G., MacQueen, K. (eds.) Handbook for Team-Based Qualitative Research. AltaMira, Lanham (2012)
Myers, K., Yorke-Smith, N.: A cognitive framework for delegation to an assistive user agent. In: Proceedings of AAAI 2005 Fall Symposium on Mixed-Initiative Problem Solving Assistants, pp. 94–99, Arlington, VA. AAAI Press, Nov 2005
Neerincx, M.A., Lindenberg, J.: Situated cognitive engineering for complex task environments. In: Schraagen, J.M.C., Militello, L., Ormerod, T., Lipshitz, R. (eds.) Naturalistic Decision Making and Macrocognition, pp. 373–390. Ashgate, Aldershot (2008)
Norman, D.A., Draper, S.W.: User Centered System Design: New Perspectives on Human-Computer Interaction. L. Erlbaum Associates Inc., Hillsdale (1986)
Paping, C., Brinkman, W.P., van der Mast, C.: An Explorative Study into a Tele-delivered Multi-patient Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy System, pp. 203–219. IOS press, Amsterdam (2010)
Rokeach, M.: The Nature of Human Values. The Free Press, New York (1973)
Schmehl, S., Deutsch, S., Schrammel, J., Paletta, L., Tscheligi, M.: Directed cultural probes: detecting barriers in the usage of public transportation. In: Campos, P., Graham, N., Jorge, J., Nunes, N., Palanque, P., Winckler, M. (eds.) INTERACT 2011, Part I. LNCS, vol. 6946, pp. 404–411. Springer, Heidelberg (2011)
Schroeder, M.: Value theory. In: Zalta, E.N. (ed.) The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Summer 2012 edition, 2012th edn. CSLI, Stanford (2012)
Strauss, A.L., Corbin, J.M.: Basics of Qualitative Research: Techniques and Procedures for developing Grounded Theory. Sage Publications, Newbury Park (1998)
Uszok, A., Bradshaw, J.M., Jeffers, R.: KAoS: a policy and domain services framework for grid computing and semantic web services. In: Jensen, Ch., Poslad, S., Dimitrakos, T. (eds.) iTrust 2004. LNCS, vol. 2995, pp. 16–26. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)
van de Poel, I.: Translating Values Into Design Requirements. Springer, Dordrecht (forthcoming)
van Diggelen, J., Neerincx, M.A.: Electronic partners that diagnose and guide and mediate space crew’s social and cognitive and affective processes. In: Proceedings of Measuring Behaviour 2010, pp. 73–76. Noldus Information Technology bv, Wageningen, The Netherlands (2010)
Vázquez-Salceda, J., Dignum, F.P.M.: Modelling electronic organizations. In: Mařík, V., Müller, J.P., Pěchouček, M. (eds.) CEEMAS 2003. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 2691, p. 584. Springer, Heidelberg (2003)
López, F.L.y., Luck, M., d’Inverno, M.: A normative framework for agent-based systems. Comput. Math. Organ. Theory 12(2–3), 227–250 (2006)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this paper
Cite this paper
Kayal, A., Brinkman, WP., Gouman, R., Neerincx, M.A., van Riemsdijk, M.B. (2014). A Value-Centric Model to Ground Norms and Requirements for ePartners of Children. In: Balke, T., Dignum, F., van Riemsdijk, M., Chopra, A. (eds) Coordination, Organizations, Institutions, and Norms in Agent Systems IX. COIN 2013. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 8386. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07314-9_18
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07314-9_18
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-07313-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-07314-9
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)