Abstract
In many Internet applications, requests for a certain object are routed bottom-up over a tree where the root of the tree is the node containing the object. When an object becomes popular, the root node of the tree may become a hotspot. Therefore many applications allow intermediate nodes to acquire the ability to serve the requests, for example by caching the object. We call such distinguished nodes primed. We propose and analyse different algorithms where nodes decide when to become primed; these algorithms balance the maximum load on a node and the number of primed nodes.
Many applications require both fully distributed decisions and smooth convergence to a stable set of primed nodes. We first present optimal algorithms which require communication across the tree. We then consider the natural previously proposed THRESHOLD algorithm, where a node becomes primed when the incoming flow of requests exceeds a threshold. We show examples where THRESHOLD exhibits undesirable behavior during convergence. Finally, we propose another fully distributed algorithm, GAP, which converges gracefully.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
B. Awerbuch, Y. Bartal, and A. Fiat. Distributed paging for general networks. In Proc. 7th ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms, pages 574–583. ACM-SIAM, 1996.
Open Source Community. Gnutella. In http://gnutella.wego.com/, 2001.
Napster Inc. The napster homepage. In http://www.napster.com/, 2001.
D. Karger, Lehman E., T. Leighton, M. Levine, D. Lewin, and R. Panigraphy. Consistent hashing and random trees: distributed caching protocols for relieving hot spots on the World Wide Web. In Proc. 29th Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing, pages 654–663. ACM, 1997.
M.R. Korupolu, C. G. Plaxton, and R. Rajaraman. Placement algorithms for hierarchical cooperative caching. In Proc. 10th ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms. ACM, 1999.
B. Li, M. Golin, G. Italiano, X. Deng, and K. Sohraby. On the optimal placement of Web proxies in the Internet. In Proceedings of the IEEE Infocom’ 99 Conference, 1999.
Q. Lv, P. Cao, E. Cohen, K. Li, and S. Shenker. Search and replication in unstructured peer-to-peer networks. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGMETRICS’02 Conference, 2002.
C.G. Plaxton, R. Rajaraman, and A.W. Richa. Accessing nearby copies of replicated objects in a distributed environment. In Proc. 9th annual ACM Symposium on Parallel Algorithms and Architectures, pages 311–320. ACM, 1997.
S. Ratnassamy, P. Francis, M. Handley, R. Karp, and S. Shenker. A scalable content-addressable network. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM’01 Conference, 2001.
I. Stoica, R. Morris, D. Karger, and H. Frans Kaashoek, M. ad Balakrishnana. Chord: A scalable peer-to-peer lookup service for internet applications. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM’01 Conference, 2001.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2002 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Cohen, E., Kaplan, H. (2002). Balanced-Replication Algorithms for Distribution Trees. In: Möhring, R., Raman, R. (eds) Algorithms — ESA 2002. ESA 2002. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 2461. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45749-6_29
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45749-6_29
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-44180-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-45749-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive