Multi-hop whistler-mode ELF/VLF signals and triggered emissions excited by the HAARP HF heater
Abstract
Modulated heating of the lower ionosphere with the HAARP HF heater is used to excite 1-2 kHz signals observed on a ship-borne receiver in the geomagnetic conjugate hemisphere after propagating as ducted whistler-mode signals. These 1-hop signals are believed to be amplified, and are accompanied by triggered emissions. Simultaneous observations near (~30 km) HAARP show 2-hop signals which travel to the northern hemisphere upon reflection from the ionosphere in the south. Multiple reflected signals, up to 10-hop, are detected, with the signal dispersing and evolving in shape, indicative of re-amplification and re-triggering of emissions during successive traversals of the equatorial interaction regions.
- Publication:
-
Geophysical Research Letters
- Pub Date:
- December 2004
- DOI:
- 10.1029/2004GL021647
- Bibcode:
- 2004GeoRL..3124805I
- Keywords:
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- Ionosphere: Active experiments;
- Ionosphere: Wave/particle interactions;
- Magnetospheric Physics: Magnetosphere/ionosphere interactions;
- Magnetospheric Physics: Instruments and techniques