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Link to original content: https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stilistika
Stilistika — Википедија Пређи на садржај

Stilistika

С Википедије, слободне енциклопедије

Stilistika je lingvistička nauka koja proučava pravila i svojstva dobrog jezičkog i književnog stila,[1] retoričke figure i modele sintakse, koji su specifični za različite grupe, kontekste, a posebno književne žanrove.

Kao disciplina, stilistika povezuje književnu kritiku sa lingvistikom. Ona ne funkcioniše kao autonomna oblast sama po sebi, i može se primeniti na razumevanje književnosti i novinarstva, kao i lingvistike.[2][3][4] Izvori za proučavanje stilistike mogu se kretati od kanonskih pisanih dela do popularnih tekstova, od reklamnih kopija do vesti,[5] nefikcije i popularne kulture, kao i političkog i verskog diskursa.[6] Zaista, kako je nedavni rad u oblasti kritičke stilistike,[7] multimodalne stilistike[8] i posredovane stilistike[9] jasno pokazao, neknjiževni tekstovi mogu biti podjednako interesantni stilističarima kao i književni. Drugim rečima, književnost je ovde zamišljena kao „tačka na klini, a ne kao apsolut“.[10][11]

Rani dvadeseti vek

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Analiza književnog stila seže do proučavanja klasične retorike, iako moderna stilistika ima svoje korene u ruskom formalizmu[12] i povezanoj Praškoj školi ranog dvadesetog veka.

Godine 1909, Čarls Bali je predložio stilistiku kao posebnu akademsku disciplinu koja bi dopunila sosirovsku lingvistiku. Za Balija, Sosirova lingvistika sama po sebi nije mogla u potpunosti da opiše jezik ličnog izražavanja.[13] Balijev program se dobro uklapa u ciljeve Praške škole.[14]

Prateći ideje ruskih formalista, Praška škola je izgradila koncept prvog plana, gde se pretpostavlja da se pesnički jezik izdvaja od neknjiževnog pozadinskog jezika, putem odstupanja (od normi svakodnevnog jezika) ili paralelizam.[15] Međutim, prema Praškoj školi, ovaj pozadinski jezik nije stalan, te se odnos između poetskog i svakodnevnog jezika stoga uvek menja.[16]

Kasni dvadeseti vek

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Roman Jakobson[17][18] je bio aktivan član ruskih formalista i Praške škole, pre nego što je emigrirao u Ameriku tokom 1940-ih. On je spojio ruski formalizam i američku novu kritiku[19][20][21][22] u svojoj završnoj reči na konferenciji o stilistici na Univerzitetu Indijana 1958. godine.[23] U delu Lingvistika i poetika iz 1960. godine, Jakobsonovom predavanju se često pridaju zasluge za prvu koherentnu formulaciju stilistike. Njegov argument je bio da proučavanje poetskog jezika treba da bude podgrana lingvistike.[24] Pesnička funkcija je bila jedna od šest opštih funkcija jezika koje je opisao u predavanju.[25][26]

Majkl Halidej[27][28][29][30][31] je važna figura u razvoju britanske stilistike.[32] Njegova studija Jezička funkcija i književni stil: Istraživanje jezika Vilijam Goldingovih Naslednika je ključni esej iz 1971. godine.[33] Jedan od Halidejevih doprinosa bila je upotreba termina registar da bi se objasnile veze između jezika i njegovog konteksta.[34] Halidejov registar se razlikuje od dijalekta. Dijalekt se odnosi na uobičajeni jezik određenog korisnika u određenom geografskom ili društvenom kontekstu. Registar opisuje izbore koje je napravio korisnik,[35] izbore koji zavise od tri promenljive: polja („u kome su učesnici ... zapravo angažovani“, na primer, diskutuju o određenoj temi ili subjektu),[36] tenor (koji učestvuje u razmeni) i mod (upotreba za koju se jezik koristi).

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  4. ^ Attenborough, F. (2014). "Rape is rape (except when it's not): the media, recontextualisation and violence against women Архивирано на сајту Wayback Machine (5. мај 2020)". Journal of Language Aggression and Conflict. 2(2): 183-203.
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  6. ^ Simpson, Paul. 2004. Stylistics: A resource book for students. Routledge p. 3: "The preferred object of study in stylistics is literature, whether that be institutionally sanctioned 'literature' as high art or more popular 'non-canonical' forms of writing.".
  7. ^ Jeffries, L. (2010) Critical Stylistics. Basingstoke: Palgrave.
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  9. ^ Attenborough, F. (2014) Jokes, pranks, blondes and banter: recontextualising sexism in the British print press, Journal of Gender Studies, 23(2): 137-154.
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  13. ^ , Talbot J. Taylor, Mutual Misunderstanding: Scepticism and the Theorizing of Language and Interpretation, Duke University Press, 1992, p 91. ISBN 0-8223-1249-2
  14. ^ Ulrich Ammon, Status and Function of Languages and Language Varieties, Walter de Gruyter, 1989, p 518. ISBN 0-89925-356-3
  15. ^ Katie Wales, A Dictionary of Stylistics, Pearson Education, 2001, p 315. ISBN 0-582-31737-1
  16. ^ Rob Pope, The English Studies Book: an Introduction to Language, Literature and Culture, Routledge, 2002, p 88. ISBN 0-415-25710-7
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  18. ^ „Roman Jakobson”. Encyclopædia Britannica. Архивирано из оригинала 8. 3. 2023. г. 
  19. ^ Lynn, Steven. Texts and Contexts: Writing about Literature with Critical Theory. Addison-Wesley, 2001.
  20. ^ Dubrow, Heather. "Twentieth Century Shakespeare Criticism." The Riverside Shakespeare 2nd ed. Houghton Mifflin, 1997: 35.
  21. ^ Wellek, René (1978). „The New Criticism: Pro and Contra”. Critical Inquiry. 4 (4): 611—624. JSTOR 1342947. S2CID 170150136. doi:10.1086/447958. 
  22. ^ Jancovich, Mark (1993). The Cultural Politics of the New Criticism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-41652-3. 
  23. ^ Richard Bradford, A Linguistic History of English Poetry, Routledge, 1993, p 8. ISBN 0-415-07057-0
  24. ^ Nikolas Coupland, Style: Language Variation and Identity, Cambridge University Press, 2007, p 10. ISBN 0-521-85303-6
  25. ^ Middleton, Richard (1. 4. 1990). Studying Popular Music. Philadelphia, UK: McGraw-Hill Education. стр. 241. ISBN 0-335-15275-9. 
  26. ^ Waugh, Linda R. (1980). „The Poetic Function in the Theory of Roman Jakobson”. Poetics Today. Duke University Press. 2 (1): 57—82. JSTOR 1772352. doi:10.2307/1772352. 
  27. ^ Halliday, M.A.K. 2002. On Grammar, Vol. 1 in The Collected Works of M.A.K. Halliday. London: Continuum.
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  30. ^ Halliday, 2002. "A Personal Perspective". In On Grammar, Vol. 1 in The Collected Works, pp. 7, 14.
  31. ^ Halliday, 2002. "A Personal Perspective". In On Grammar, Vol. 1 in The Collected Works, p. 6.
  32. ^ Raman Selden, The Cambridge History of Literary Criticism: From Formalism to Poststructuralism, Cambridge University Press, 1989, p83. ISBN 0-521-30013-4
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  34. ^ Helen Leckie-Tarry, Language and Context: a Functional Linguistic Theory of Register, Continuum International Publishing Group, 1995, p6. ISBN 1-85567-272-3
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