Cracking (chemistry)

In chemistry terms, cracking is a process in which complicated organic molecules (such as kerogens or heavy hydrocarbons) are broken down into simpler molecules (e.g. light hydrocarbons) by breaking their carbon-carbon bonds. How fast the cracking process is and how long it takes for the end products to form are very dependent on the temperature and any existing catalysts. Cracking, also referred to as pyrolysis, is the breakdown of a large alkane into smaller, more useful alkanes and an alkene.

Cracking is used in petroleum to form "light" products such as LPG and gasoline.

It usually produces a short chain alkane and a long chain alkene. Hydrocarbons are compounds that only contain carbon and hydrogen atoms.

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v t e Alkynes
Ethyne (or acetylene) (C 2H 2) Propyne (C 3H 4) Butyne (C 4H 6) 1 2 Pentyne (C 5H 8) 1 2 Hexyne (C 6H 10) 1 2 3 Heptyne (C 7H 12) Octyne (C 8H 14) 2 4 Nonyne (C 9H 16) Decyne (C 10H 18) 1 5
Preparations	Cracking Dehydrogenation of alkane, alkene Alkylation of alkynyl anion Dehydrohalogenation of dihaloalkane Fritsch–Buttenberg–Wiechell rearrangement Corey–Fuchs reaction Seyferth–Gilbert homologation
Reactions	Deprotonation Hydrogenation Diels–Alder reaction Halogenation Hydration Hydroboration Hydrohalogenation Thiol-yne reaction Alkyne trimerisation Pauson–Khand reaction Azide-alkyne Huisgen cycloaddition Sonogashira coupling Cadiot–Chodkiewicz coupling Glaser coupling Favorskii reaction