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Review
. 2022 Aug;70(8):2788-2799.
doi: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_2415_21.

Myopia, its prevalence, current therapeutic strategy and recent developments: A Review

Harjeet Singh  1 , Harmanpreet Singh  2 , Uzma Latief  3 , Gurleen Kaur Tung  3 , Navid Reza Shahtaghi  2 , Nikhil Shri Sahajpal  4 , Inderjit Kaur  5 , Subheet Kumar Jain  6
Affiliations
Review

Myopia, its prevalence, current therapeutic strategy and recent developments: A Review

Harjeet Singh et al. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2022 Aug.

Abstract

Myopia is a widespread and complex refractive error in which a person's ability to see distant objects clearly is impaired. Its prevalence rate is increasing worldwide, and as per WHO, it is projected to increase from 22% in 2000 to 52% by 2050. It is more prevalent in developed, industrial areas and affects individuals of all ages. There are a number of treatments available for the control of myopia, such as glasses, contact lenses, laser surgery, and pharmaceuticals agents. However, these treatments are less beneficial and have significant side effects. A novel molecule, 7-methylxanthine (7-MX), has been found to be a highly beneficial alternate in the treatment of myopia and excessive eye elongation. Many preclinical and clinical studies showed that 7-MX is effective for the treatment of myopia and is presently under phase II of clinical investigation. We have also investigated preclinical toxicity studies such as acute, sub-acute, sub-chronic, and chronic on rats. In these studies, 7-MX was found to be non-toxic as compared to other reported anti-myopic agents. Moreover, as an ideal drug, 7-MX is observed to have no or low toxicity, brain permeability, non-allergic, higher oral administration efficacy, and low treatment costs and thus qualifies for the long-term treatment of myopia. This review article on 7-MX as an alternative to myopia treatment will highlight recent findings from well-designed preclinical and clinical trials and propose a potential future therapy.

Keywords: 7-methylxanthine; myopia; prevalence; treatments.

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Conflict of interest statement

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flowchart shows the 7-MX preventing excessive eye elongation
Figure 2
Figure 2
Flowchart showing the mechanism of 7-MX in preventing the progression of myopia
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