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Link to original content: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30844154
Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium - PubMed Skip to main page content
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Review

Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Food and Nutrition Board; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium.
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Excerpt

As essential nutrients, sodium and potassium contribute to the fundamentals of physiology and pathology of human health and disease. In clinical settings, these are two important blood electrolytes, are frequently measured and influence care decisions. Yet, blood electrolyte concentrations are usually not influenced by dietary intake, as kidney and hormone systems carefully regulate blood values. Over the years, increasing evidence suggests that sodium and potassium intake patterns of children and adults influence long-term population health mostly through complex relationships among dietary intake, blood pressure and cardiovascular health. The public health importance of understanding these relationships, based upon the best available evidence and establishing recommendations to support the development of population clinical practice guidelines and medical care of patients is clear. This report reviews evidence on the relationship between sodium and potassium intakes and indicators of adequacy, toxicity, and chronic disease. It updates the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) using an expanded DRI model that includes consideration of chronic disease endpoints, and outlines research gaps to address the uncertainties identified in the process of deriving the reference values and evaluating public health implications.

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This activity was supported by contracts between the National Academy of Sciences and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention), Food and Drug Administration (Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition), Health Canada (Health Products and Food Branch), National Institutes of Health (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; and Office of Dietary Supplements), Public Health Agency of Canada (Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research), and U.S. Department of Agriculture (Food and Nutrition Service). This activity was also supported in part by the National Academy of Sciences' W.K. Kellogg Foundation Fund and the National Academy of Medicine's Kellogg Health of the Public Fund. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of any organization or agency that provided support for the project.

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