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Link to original content: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30702150
Aerobic physical exercise for adult patients with haematological malignancies - PubMed Skip to main page content
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Meta-Analysis
. 2019 Jan 31;1(1):CD009075.
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD009075.pub3.

Aerobic physical exercise for adult patients with haematological malignancies

Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Aerobic physical exercise for adult patients with haematological malignancies

Linus Knips et al. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. .

Abstract

Background: Although people with haematological malignancies have to endure long phases of therapy and immobility, which is known to diminish their physical performance level, the advice to rest and avoid intensive exercises is still common practice. This recommendation is partly due to the severe anaemia and thrombocytopenia from which many patients suffer. The inability to perform activities of daily living restricts them, diminishes their quality of life and can influence medical therapy.

Objectives: In this update of the original review (published in 2014) our main objective was to re-evaluate the efficacy, safety and feasibility of aerobic physical exercise for adults suffering from haematological malignancies considering the current state of knowledge.

Search methods: We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (the Cochrane Library, 2018, Issue 7) and MEDLINE (1950 to July 2018) trials registries (ISRCTN, EU clinical trials register and clinicaltrials.gov) and conference proceedings. We did not apply any language restrictions. Two review authors independently screened search results, disagreements were solved by discussion.

Selection criteria: We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing an aerobic physical exercise intervention, intending to improve the oxygen system, in addition to standard care with standard care only for adults suffering from haematological malignancies. We also included studies that evaluated aerobic exercise in addition to strength training. We excluded studies that investigated the effect of training programmes that were composed of yoga, tai chi chuan, qigong or similar types of exercise. We also excluded studies exploring the influence of strength training without additive aerobic exercise as well as studies assessing outcomes without any clinical impact.

Data collection and analysis: Two review authors independently screened search results, extracted data and assessed the quality of trials. We used risk ratios (RRs) for adverse events, mortality and 100-day survival, standardised mean differences (SMD) for quality of life (QoL), fatigue, and physical performance, and mean differences (MD) for anthropometric measurements.

Main results: In this update, nine trials could be added to the nine trials of the first version of the review, thus we included eighteen RCTs involving 1892 participants. Two of these studies (65 participants) did not provide data for our key outcomes (they analysed laboratory values only) and one study (40 patients) could not be included in the meta-analyses, as results were presented as changes scores only and not as endpoint scores. One trial (17 patients) did not report standard errors and could also not be included in meta-analyses. The overall potential risk of bias in the included trials is unclear, due to poor reporting.The majority of participants suffered from acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), malignant lymphoma and multiple myeloma, and eight trials randomised people receiving stem cell transplantation. Mostly, the exercise intervention consisted of various walking intervention programmes with different duration and intensity levels.Our primary endpoint overall survival (OS) was only reported in one of these studies. The study authors found no evidence for a difference between both arms (RR = 0.67; P = 0.112). Six trials (one trial with four arms, analysed as two sub-studies) reported numbers of deceased participants during the course of the study or during the first 100 to 180 days. For the outcome mortality, there is no evidence for a difference between participants exercising and those in the control group (RR 1.10; 95% CI 0.79 to 1.52; P = 0.59; 1172 participants, low-certainty evidence).For the following outcomes, higher numbers indicate better outcomes, with 1 being the best result for the standardised mean differences. Eight studies analysed the influence of exercise intervention on QoL. It remains unclear, whether physical exercise improves QoL (SMD 0.11; 95% CI -0.03 to 0.24; 1259 participants, low-certainty evidence). There is also no evidence for a difference for the subscales physical functioning (SMD 0.15; 95% CI -0.01 to 0.32; 8 trials, 1329 participants, low-certainty evidence) and anxiety (SMD 0.03; 95% CI -0.30 to 0.36; 6 trials, 445 participants, very low-certainty evidence). Depression might slightly be improved by exercising (SMD 0.19; 95% CI 0.0 to 0.38; 6 trials, 445 participants, low-certainty evidence). There is moderate-certainty evidence that exercise probably improves fatigue (SMD 0.31; 95% CI 0.13 to 0.48; 9 trials, 826 patients).Six trials (435 participants) investigated serious adverse events. We are very uncertain, whether additional exercise leads to more serious adverse events (RR 1.39; 95% CI 0.94 to 2.06), based on very low-certainty evidence.In addition, we are aware of four ongoing trials. However, none of these trials stated, how many patients they will recruit and when the studies will be completed, thus, potential influence of these trials for the current analyses remains unclear.

Authors' conclusions: Eighteen, mostly small RCTs did not identify evidence for a difference in terms of mortality. Physical exercise added to standard care might improve fatigue and depression. Currently, there is inconclusive evidence regarding QoL, physical functioning, anxiety and SAEs .We need further trials with more participants and longer follow-up periods to evaluate the effects of exercise intervention for people suffering from haematological malignancies. To enhance comparability of study data, development and implementation of core sets of measuring devices would be helpful.

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Conflict of interest statement

  1. Linus Knips: none known

  2. Nils Bergenthal: none known

  3. Fiona Streckmann: none known

  4. Ina Monsef: none known

  5. Thomas Elter: none known

  6. Nicole Skoetz: none known

Figures

1
1
Flow diagram.
2
2
'Risk of bias' graph: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item presented as percentages across all included studies.
3
3
'Risk of bias' summary: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item for each included study.
4
4
Forest plot of comparison: 1 Physical exercise versus no physical exercise, outcome: 1.2 Mortality.
5
5
Forest plot of comparison: 1 Physical exercise versus no physical exercise, outcome: 1.4 Quality of life (QoL).
6
6
Forest plot of comparison: 1 Physical exercise versus no physical exercise, outcome: 1.15 Fatigue.
1.1
1.1. Analysis
Comparison 1 Physical exercise versus no physical exercise, Outcome 1 Mortality: SCT versus no SCT.
1.2
1.2. Analysis
Comparison 1 Physical exercise versus no physical exercise, Outcome 2 Mortality.
1.3
1.3. Analysis
Comparison 1 Physical exercise versus no physical exercise, Outcome 3 Mortality sensitivity analysis: high risk of bias versus low risk of bias.
1.4
1.4. Analysis
Comparison 1 Physical exercise versus no physical exercise, Outcome 4 Quality of life (QoL).
1.5
1.5. Analysis
Comparison 1 Physical exercise versus no physical exercise, Outcome 5 QoL: SCT versus no SCT.
1.6
1.6. Analysis
Comparison 1 Physical exercise versus no physical exercise, Outcome 6 QoL sensitivity analysis: high risk of bias versus low risk of bias.
1.7
1.7. Analysis
Comparison 1 Physical exercise versus no physical exercise, Outcome 7 Physical functioning/QoL.
1.8
1.8. Analysis
Comparison 1 Physical exercise versus no physical exercise, Outcome 8 Physical functioning/QoL: SCT versus no SCT.
1.9
1.9. Analysis
Comparison 1 Physical exercise versus no physical exercise, Outcome 9 Physical functioning/QoL sensitivity analysis: high risk of bias versus low risk of bias.
1.10
1.10. Analysis
Comparison 1 Physical exercise versus no physical exercise, Outcome 10 Depression/QoL.
1.11
1.11. Analysis
Comparison 1 Physical exercise versus no physical exercise, Outcome 11 Depression/QoL: SCT versus no SCT.
1.12
1.12. Analysis
Comparison 1 Physical exercise versus no physical exercise, Outcome 12 Depression/QoL sensitivity analysis: high risk of bias versus low risk of bias.
1.13
1.13. Analysis
Comparison 1 Physical exercise versus no physical exercise, Outcome 13 Anxiety/QoL.
1.14
1.14. Analysis
Comparison 1 Physical exercise versus no physical exercise, Outcome 14 Anxiety/QoL: SCT versus no SCT.
1.15
1.15. Analysis
Comparison 1 Physical exercise versus no physical exercise, Outcome 15 Fatigue.
1.16
1.16. Analysis
Comparison 1 Physical exercise versus no physical exercise, Outcome 16 Anxiety/QoL sensitivity analysis: high risk of bias versus low risk of bias.
1.17
1.17. Analysis
Comparison 1 Physical exercise versus no physical exercise, Outcome 17 Fatigue: SCT versus no SCT.
1.18
1.18. Analysis
Comparison 1 Physical exercise versus no physical exercise, Outcome 18 Fatigue sensitivity analysis: high risk of bias versus low risk of bias.
1.19
1.19. Analysis
Comparison 1 Physical exercise versus no physical exercise, Outcome 19 Weight.
1.20
1.20. Analysis
Comparison 1 Physical exercise versus no physical exercise, Outcome 20 Weight SCT: versus no SCT.
1.21
1.21. Analysis
Comparison 1 Physical exercise versus no physical exercise, Outcome 21 Weight sensitivity analysis: high risk of bias versus low risk of bias.
1.22
1.22. Analysis
Comparison 1 Physical exercise versus no physical exercise, Outcome 22 Lean body mass.
1.23
1.23. Analysis
Comparison 1 Physical exercise versus no physical exercise, Outcome 23 Lean body mass: SCT versus no SCT.
1.24
1.24. Analysis
Comparison 1 Physical exercise versus no physical exercise, Outcome 24 Lean body mass sensitivity analysis: high risk of bias versus low risk of bias.
1.25
1.25. Analysis
Comparison 1 Physical exercise versus no physical exercise, Outcome 25 Serious adverse events (SAEs).
1.26
1.26. Analysis
Comparison 1 Physical exercise versus no physical exercise, Outcome 26 Serious adverse events (SAEs): SCT versus no SCT.
1.27
1.27. Analysis
Comparison 1 Physical exercise versus no physical exercise, Outcome 27 Serious adverse events (SAEs) sensitivity analysis: high risk of bias versus low risk of bias.

Update of

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References

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Toohey 2016 {published data only}
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Tran 2016 {published data only}
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Valle 2013 {published data only}
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Vallerand 2018 {published data only}
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van Waart 2015 {published data only}
    1. Waart H, Stuiver MM, Harten WH, Geleijn E, Kieffer JM, Buffart LM, et al. Effect of low‐intensity physical activity and moderate‐ to high‐intensity physical exercise during adjuvant chemotherapy on physical fitness, fatigue, and chemotherapy completion rates: results of the PACES randomized clinical trial. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2015;33(17):1918‐27. - PubMed
Yeh 2016 {published data only}
    1. Chuang TY, Yeh ML, Chung YC. A nurse facilitated mind‐body interactive exercise (Chan‐Chuang qigong) improves the health status of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma patients receiving chemotherapy: Randomised controlled trial. International Journal of Nursing Studies 2017;69:25‐33. - PubMed
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Zimmer 2014 {published data only}
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References to studies awaiting assessment

Wehrle 2018 {published data only}
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References to ongoing studies

Abildgaard 2018 {published data only}
    1. Larsen RF, Jarden M, Minet LR, Frolund UC, Abildgaard N. Supervised and home‐based exercise in patients newly diagnosed with multiple myeloma‐a randomized controlled feasibility study. Supportive Care in Cancer. 2018; Vol. 26, issue 2 Supplement 1:S282. - PubMed
Courneya 2017 {published data only}
    1. Improving quality of life in hematologic cancer survivors by closing the exercise intention—behavior gap: a phase II randomized controlled trial of a theory‐based, telephone‐delivered exercise counselling intervention. Ongoing study February 2017.
Oberste 2016 {published data only}
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    1. Zimmer P, Oberste M, Bloch W, Schenk A, Joisten N, Hartig P, et al. Impact of aerobic exercise training during chemotherapy on cancer related cognitive impairments in patients suffering from acute myeloid leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome ‐ Study protocol of a randomized placebo‐controlled trial. Contemporary Clinical Trials 2016;49:1‐5. [PUBMED: 27261170] - PubMed
Walsh 2005 {published data only}
    1. Randomised controlled trial to investigate the effects of an exercise programme on physical performance and quality of life after a bone marrow transplant. Ongoing study November 2003, no further information when the trial will be terminated in study registry clinicaltrials.gov. The status still ongoing (last access 09.12.2018).

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References to other published versions of this review

Bergenthal 2011
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Publication types