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Link to original content: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29335414/
Evolutionary history of Coleoptera revealed by extensive sampling of genes and species - PubMed Skip to main page content
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. 2018 Jan 15;9(1):205.
doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-02644-4.

Evolutionary history of Coleoptera revealed by extensive sampling of genes and species

Shao-Qian Zhang  1 , Li-Heng Che  1 , Yun Li  1 , Dan Liang  1 , Hong Pang  1 , Adam Ślipiński  2 , Peng Zhang  3
Affiliations

Evolutionary history of Coleoptera revealed by extensive sampling of genes and species

Shao-Qian Zhang et al. Nat Commun. .

Abstract

Beetles (Coleoptera) are the most diverse and species-rich group of insects, and a robust, time-calibrated phylogeny is fundamental to understanding macroevolutionary processes that underlie their diversity. Here we infer the phylogeny and divergence times of all major lineages of Coleoptera by analyzing 95 protein-coding genes in 373 beetle species, including ~67% of the currently recognized families. The subordinal relationships are strongly supported as Polyphaga (Adephaga (Archostemata, Myxophaga)). The series and superfamilies of Polyphaga are mostly monophyletic. The species-poor Nosodendridae is robustly recovered in a novel position sister to Staphyliniformia, Bostrichiformia, and Cucujiformia. Our divergence time analyses suggest that the crown group of extant beetles occurred ~297 million years ago (Mya) and that ~64% of families originated in the Cretaceous. Most of the herbivorous families experienced a significant increase in diversification rate during the Cretaceous, thus suggesting that the rise of angiosperms in the Cretaceous may have been an 'evolutionary impetus' driving the hyperdiversity of herbivorous beetles.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing financial interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Nine proposed topologies among four suborders of Coleoptera. Topologies are derived from: T1, refs. ,; T2, ref. ; T3, refs. ,; T4, ref. ; T5, ref. ; T6, ref. ; T7, ref. ; T8, refs. ,; T9 refs. ,
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Cladogram of Coleoptera. The topology was inferred from the concatenated amino acid data set by ML (RAxML) and Bayesian inference (Exabayes). Nodes with bootstrap values (BS) <70 and posterior probabilities (PP) <0.95 are not indicated by colored circles. Traditional taxonomic units that are not monophyletic are indicated with quotation marks
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
New timescale for beetle evolution and comparison of divergence times. a Time-calibrated tree of beetles. The time tree was collapsed to family level with outgroups removed (for detailed results, see Supplementary Fig. 8). Divergence times were estimated with MCMCTREE with 20 calibration points, on the basis of the amino acid data set. Fossil constraints within Coleoptera are shown with black triangles. Horizontal bars represent 95% credibility intervals. b Comparison of divergence time estimates for twelve major nodes sharing across four beetle time trees. The circle represents the mean age, and the whiskers mark the 95% credibility internals (Photo credits: Hong Pang, Yun Li, and Zhenhua Liu)
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Diversification patterns of major beetle lineages inferred from MEDUSA analysis. Each terminal represents a monophyletic family-level taxon. The number in parenthesis next to the taxon name indicates the number of validly described species within the taxon. The species richness of each taxon is also indicated with histograms on the right. Branches are color coded to show the diversification rates. Clades with significant diversification rate shifts compared with the background rate are marked with circled numbers on the tree (red: rate increase; blue: rate decrease). Estimated net diversification rates and differences in AICc scores are included in the lower left table
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Diversification of beetles across the geological timescale. a Timing of the 15 significant changes in net diversification rate identified by MEDUSA. The dashed line denotes the background net diversification rate of Coleoptera. b Origin times and the species richness of beetle families. We used stem age as the origin time for a family when only one species is sampled for the family or when the taxon sampling did not cover the crown of the family. For non-monophyletic families, the stem age of the oldest lineage of the family was used. The nine largest families with species numbers >10,000 are highlighted with family names and feeding habits. For the Buprestidae (marked with an asterisk), we performed an additional time estimation, adding the Schizopodidae sequences from McKenna et al. to calculate the stem age of this family. c Number of divergence events within every 20 million year interval calculated from the 383-taxon time tree. Note that the diversification rate of beetles experienced an upsurge beginning from the late Jurassic (marked with a red line). d Number of divergence events within every 20 million year interval calculated from the family-level time tree. A similar diversification upsurge pattern was also detected in the late Jurassic
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