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Link to original content: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29201072/
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Review
. 2017 Apr 22;15(3):e44337.
doi: 10.5812/ijem.44337. eCollection 2017 Jul.

The Role of Kisspeptin in Female Reproduction

Sareh Zeydabadi Nejad  1 , Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani  1 , Azita Zadeh-Vakili  2
Affiliations
Review

The Role of Kisspeptin in Female Reproduction

Sareh Zeydabadi Nejad et al. Int J Endocrinol Metab. .

Abstract

Context: Kisspeptin (KISS1), a recently discovered neuropeptide that acts upstream of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons, is critical for maturation and function of the reproductive axis. This review aimed at providing comprehensive and up-to-date information on Kisspeptin and its role in female reproduction.

Evidence acquisition: A literature review was performed using PubMed for all English language articles published between 1999 and 2016.

Results: The kisspeptin system (KISS1/G protein-coupled receptor-54,GPR54) has recently been addressed as an essential gatekeeper of puberty onset and gonadotropin secretion. Compelling evidence has documented that hypothalamic Kisspeptin mediates steroid feedback and metabolic cues at different developmental stages throughout lifespan. Furthermore, in pre/postnatally androgenized animal models, which exhibit many of the characteristics of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS), the hypothalamic expression of KISS1 and GnRH is abnormal, which might lead to multiple tissue abnormalities observed in this disorder.

Conclusions: Kisspeptin, a principal activator of GnRH neurons and the target of endocrine and metabolic cues, is a prerequisite for the onset of puberty and maintenance of normal reproductive function, as abnormal KISS1/GPR54 system has been reported in both animal models and patients with certain forms of infertility, e.g. Idiopathic Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) and PCOS. The information suggests that kisspeptin or its receptor represents a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of patients with fertility disorders.

Keywords: GPR54; HPG Axis; Kisspeptin; Puberty; Reproduction.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.. Onset of Puberty in Female Rats
At around the time of pubertal onset, decreased expression of PcG proteins by DNA methylation along with histone 3 modifications increase Kiss1 mRNA expression resulting in elevated kisspeptin levels; this rise is accompanied by increased sensitivity to it and number of KISS1 neurons as well as enhancement of GPR54 signaling efficiency and expressio Abbreviations: PcG;Polycomb group, H3K9/14ac; Histon H3 acetylated at lysines 9/14, H3K4me3; Histon H3 trimethylated at lysine 4, H3K27me3; Histon H3 tri-methylated at lysine 27, E2; Estradiol.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.. Kisspeptin (KP) Expression in the Ovary Mainly Occurs in the Granulosa Cells (GC) in Response to Preovulatory LH Surge
LH surge also induces the expression of the full length NTRK2 receptor, which with kisspeptin signaling drives oocyte survival through the PI3K/AKT pathway. In addition, kisspeptin stimulates steroid secretion by theca (TC) and luteal cells (LC).
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