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Link to original content: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25797168
On the origin and variation of colors in lobster carapace - PubMed Skip to main page content
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. 2015 Jul 14;17(26):16723-32.
doi: 10.1039/c4cp06124a.

On the origin and variation of colors in lobster carapace

Shamima Begum  1 , Michele Cianci, Bo Durbeej, Olle Falklöf, Alfons Hädener, John R Helliwell, Madeleine Helliwell, Andrew C Regan, C Ian F Watt
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Free article

On the origin and variation of colors in lobster carapace

Shamima Begum et al. Phys Chem Chem Phys. .
Free article

Abstract

The chemical basis of the blue-black to pink-orange color change on cooking of lobster, due to thermal denaturation of an astaxanthin-protein complex, α-crustacyanin, in the lobster carapace, has so far been elusive. Here, we investigate the relaxation of the astaxanthin pigment from its bound enolate form to its neutral hydroxyketone form, as origin of the spectral shift, by analyzing the response of UV-vis spectra of a water-soluble 3-hydroxy-4-oxo-β-ionone model of astaxanthin to increases in pH, and by performing extensive quantum chemical calculations over a wide range of chemical conditions. The enolization of astaxanthin is consistent with the X-ray diffraction data of β-crustacyanin (PDB code: ) whose crystals possess the distinct blue color. We find that enolate formation is possible within the protein environment and associated with a large bathochromic shift, thus offering a cogent explanation for the blue-black color and the response to thermal denaturation and revealing the chemistry of astaxanthin upon complex formation.

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