iBet uBet web content aggregator. Adding the entire web to your favor.
iBet uBet web content aggregator. Adding the entire web to your favor.



Link to original content: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25426264
Insight into the mechanisms and functions of spliceosomal snRNA pseudouridylation - PubMed Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2014 Nov 26;5(4):398-408.
doi: 10.4331/wjbc.v5.i4.398.

Insight into the mechanisms and functions of spliceosomal snRNA pseudouridylation

Hironori Adachi  1 , Yi-Tao Yu  1
Affiliations
Review

Insight into the mechanisms and functions of spliceosomal snRNA pseudouridylation

Hironori Adachi et al. World J Biol Chem. .

Abstract

Pseudouridines (Ψs) are the most abundant and highly conserved modified nucleotides found in various stable RNAs of all organisms. Most Ψs are clustered in regions that are functionally important for pre-mRNA splicing. Ψ has an extra hydrogen bond donor that endows RNA molecules with distinct properties that contribute significantly to RNA-mediated cellular processes. Experimental data indicate that spliceosomal snRNA pseudouridylation can be catalyzed by both RNA-dependent and RNA-independent mechanisms. Recent work has also demonstrated that pseudouridylation can be induced at novel positions under stress conditions, suggesting a regulatory role for Ψ.

Keywords: Box H/ACA ribonucleoprotein; Induced RNA modification; Pre-mRNA splicing; Pseudouridine; U2 snRNA.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Primary sequences and secondary structures of human spliceosomal snRNAs (U1, U2, U4, U5 and U6). Pseudouridines (Ψ) are boxed. The sequences of yeast snRNAs where the Ψs have their counterparts in human snRNAs (the 5’ end region of U1, branch site recognition region (BSRR) of U2, and loop region of U5) are also shown. The structures are predicted by the “multifold” program and are consistent with the genetic/biochemical mapping data.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The splicing reaction. A: Steps of the spliceosome-mediated splicing reaction. The thick lines represent the intron and the boxes are exons. The short lines between RNA strands represent watson-crick base-pairing interactions. The 2'-OH groups of branch point adenosine and the cut-off 5' exon are pictured in the activated spliceosomes. The lightning symbols depict a nucleophilic attack that causes a transesterification reaction; B: Putative RNA-RNA hybrids formed during the splicing reaction.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Schematic representation of uridine-to- pseudouridine isomerization. Pseudouridine is a rotational isomer of uridine, in which the N-C glycosidic bond is broken to form the C-C bond. This results in the creation of an extra hydrogen bond donor (d), while the number of hydrogen bond acceptors (a) is unchanged.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Schematic depiction of box H/ACA RNA. The core components of a box H/ACA RNP, a box H/ACA RNA and four proteins (Nhp2, Nop 10, Gar1 and Cbf5), are shown. An RNA substrate paired with the two internal loops of the box H/ACA RNA is also shown. The arrows indicate the target nucleotides for pseudouridylation. The H box (5'-ANANNA-3') and ACA box (5'-ACA-3') are indicated.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Constitutive and induced pseudouridylation by snR81 box H/ACA ribonucleoprotein. The sequence and structure of snR81 box H/ACA RNA is shown. As arrows indicate, the internal loop (pseudouridylation pocket) within the 5’ hairpin is specific for Ψ42 (constitutive) of U2 snRNA, and the internal loop within the 3’ hairpin is specific for Ψ1051 (constitutive) of 25S rRNA. Under stress coditions, the 3’ pseudouridylation pocket becomes capable of directing the formation of Ψ93 (inducible) of U2 snRNA. As shown by “x”, there are two U-U mismatches between the 3’ pocket and the U2 sequence flanking position 93.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Crick F. Split genes and RNA splicing. Science. 1979;204:264–271. - PubMed
    1. Jurica MS, Moore MJ. Pre-mRNA splicing: awash in a sea of proteins. Mol Cell. 2003;12:5–14. - PubMed
    1. Tarn WY, Steitz JA. Pre-mRNA splicing: the discovery of a new spliceosome doubles the challenge. Trends Biochem Sci. 1997;22:132–137. - PubMed
    1. Staley JP, Guthrie C. Mechanical devices of the spliceosome: motors, clocks, springs, and things. Cell. 1998;92:315–326. - PubMed
    1. Bindereif A, Green MR. An ordered pathway of snRNP binding during mammalian pre-mRNA splicing complex assembly. EMBO J. 1987;6:2415–2424. - PMC - PubMed