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Link to original content: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23840431
Mitochondrial and nuclear ribosomal DNA evidence supports the existence of a new Trichuris species in the endangered françois' leaf-monkey - PubMed Skip to main page content
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. 2013 Jun 20;8(6):e66249.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066249. Print 2013.

Mitochondrial and nuclear ribosomal DNA evidence supports the existence of a new Trichuris species in the endangered françois' leaf-monkey

Guo-Hua Liu  1 , Robin B Gasser, Peter Nejsum, Yan Wang, Qiang Chen, Hui-Qun Song, Xing-Quan Zhu
Affiliations

Mitochondrial and nuclear ribosomal DNA evidence supports the existence of a new Trichuris species in the endangered françois' leaf-monkey

Guo-Hua Liu et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

The whipworm of humans, Trichuris trichiura, is responsible for a neglected tropical disease (NTD) of major importance in tropical and subtropical countries of the world. Whipworms also infect animal hosts, including pigs, dogs and non-human primates, cause clinical disease (trichuriasis) similar to that of humans. Although Trichuris species are usually considered to be host specific, it is not clear whether non-human primates are infected with T. trichiura or other species. In the present study, we sequenced the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome as well as the first and second internal transcribed spacers (ITS-1 and ITS-2) of Trichuris from the François' leaf-monkey (langur), and compared them with homologous sequences from human- and pig-derived Trichuris. In addition, sequence comparison of a conserved mt ribosomal gene among multiple individual whipworms revealed substantial nucleotide differences among these three host species but limited sequence variation within each of them. The molecular data indicate that the monkey-derived whipworm is a separate species from that of humans. Future work should focus on detailed population genetic and morphological studies (by electron microscopy) of whipworms from various non-humans primates and humans.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing Interests: Co-author Qiang Chen is an employee of Guangzhou ZhongDa Medical Equipment Co., Ltd. The other authors declare that they have no competing interests with any other relevant employment, consultancy, patents, products in development or marketed products. This does not alter the authors’ adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Structure of the mitochondrial genome for Trichuris from the François’ langur (Trichuris sp.).
Genes are designated according to standard nomenclature, except for the 22 tRNA genes, which are designated using one-letter amino acid codes, with numerals differentiating each of the two leucine- and serine-specifying tRNAs (L1 and L2 for codon families CUN and UUR, respectively; S1 and S2 for codon families AGN and UCN, respectively). “NCR-L” refers to a large non-coding region; “NCR-S” refers to a small non-coding region.
Figure 2
Figure 2. Inferred phylogenetic relationship of Trichuris from the François’ langur (Trichuris sp.) with T. trichiura , T. suis, T. ovis and T. discolor.
Analysis of the concatenated amino acid sequence data representing 12 protein-coding genes (with the exception of atp8) by Bayesian inference (BI), using Trichinella spiralis (NC_002681) as the outgroup.
Figure 3
Figure 3. Inferred genetic relationships of four individual specimens of from the François’ langur (Trichuris sp.) with those of Trichuris trichiura (n = 6) and T. suis (n = 10) from China.
The analyses of mitochondrial rrnL sequence data were carried out by Bayesian inference (BI), using Trichinella spiralis as the outgroup. Posterior probabilities (pp) values of <0.9 are not shown.
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Grants and funding

This work was supported by the International Science & Technology Cooperation Program of China (Grant No. 2013DFA31840) to XQZ and RBG. This work was also supported by the Science Fund for Creative Research Groups of Gansu Province (Grant No. 1210RJIA006) to XQZ. RBG’s research is supported by the Australian Research Council (ARC), National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) and Melbourne Water Corporation (MWC); the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation is also gratefully acknowledged. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

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