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Link to original content: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23062173
Key microbial drivers in Antarctic aquatic environments - PubMed Skip to main page content
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Review
. 2013 May;37(3):303-35.
doi: 10.1111/1574-6976.12007. Epub 2012 Nov 20.

Key microbial drivers in Antarctic aquatic environments

David Wilkins  1 , Sheree Yau, Timothy J Williams, Michelle A Allen, Mark V Brown, Matthew Z DeMaere, Federico M Lauro, Ricardo Cavicchioli
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Free article
Review

Key microbial drivers in Antarctic aquatic environments

David Wilkins et al. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2013 May.
Free article

Abstract

Antarctica is arguably the world's most important continent for influencing the Earth's climate and ocean ecosystem function. The unique physico-chemical properties of the Southern Ocean enable high levels of microbial primary production to occur. This not only forms the base of a significant fraction of the global oceanic food web, but leads to the sequestration of anthropogenic CO2 and its transport to marine sediments, thereby removing it from the atmosphere; the Southern Ocean accounts for ~ 30% of global ocean uptake of CO2 despite representing ~ 10% of the total surface area of the global ocean. The Antarctic continent itself harbors some liquid water, including a remarkably diverse range of surface and subglacial lakes. Being one of the remaining natural frontiers, Antarctica delivers the paradox of needing to be protected from disturbance while requiring scientific endeavor to discover what is indigenous and learn how best to protect it. Moreover, like many natural environments on Earth, in Antarctica, microorganisms dominate the genetic pool and biomass of the colonizable niches and play the key roles in maintaining proper ecosystem function. This review puts into perspective insight that has been and can be gained about Antarctica's aquatic microbiota using molecular biology, and in particular, metagenomic approaches.

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