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Link to original content: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16393025
Egocentrism over e-mail: can we communicate as well as we think? - PubMed Skip to main page content
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. 2005 Dec;89(6):925-36.
doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.89.6.925.

Egocentrism over e-mail: can we communicate as well as we think?

Justin Kruger  1 , Nicholas Epley, Jason Parker, Zhi-Wen Ng
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Egocentrism over e-mail: can we communicate as well as we think?

Justin Kruger et al. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2005 Dec.

Abstract

Without the benefit of paralinguistic cues such as gesture, emphasis, and intonation, it can be difficult to convey emotion and tone over electronic mail (e-mail). Five experiments suggest that this limitation is often underappreciated, such that people tend to believe that they can communicate over e-mail more effectively than they actually can. Studies 4 and 5 further suggest that this overconfidence is born of egocentrism, the inherent difficulty of detaching oneself from one's own perspective when evaluating the perspective of someone else. Because e-mail communicators "hear" a statement differently depending on whether they intend to be, say, sarcastic or funny, it can be difficult to appreciate that their electronic audience may not.

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