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Link to original content: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16080116
Y-chromosome evidence of southern origin of the East Asian-specific haplogroup O3-M122 - PubMed Skip to main page content
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Comparative Study
. 2005 Sep;77(3):408-19.
doi: 10.1086/444436. Epub 2005 Jul 14.

Y-chromosome evidence of southern origin of the East Asian-specific haplogroup O3-M122

Hong Shi  1 , Yong-Li Dong, Bo Wen, Chun-Jie Xiao, Peter A Underhill, Pei-Dong Shen, Ranajit Chakraborty, Li Jin, Bing Su
Affiliations
Comparative Study

Y-chromosome evidence of southern origin of the East Asian-specific haplogroup O3-M122

Hong Shi et al. Am J Hum Genet. 2005 Sep.

Abstract

The prehistoric peopling of East Asia by modern humans remains controversial with respect to early population migrations. Here, we present a systematic sampling and genetic screening of an East Asian-specific Y-chromosome haplogroup (O3-M122) in 2,332 individuals from diverse East Asian populations. Our results indicate that the O3-M122 lineage is dominant in East Asian populations, with an average frequency of 44.3%. The microsatellite data show that the O3-M122 haplotypes in southern East Asia are more diverse than those in northern East Asia, suggesting a southern origin of the O3-M122 mutation. It was estimated that the early northward migration of the O3-M122 lineages in East Asia occurred approximately 25,000-30,000 years ago, consistent with the fossil records of modern humans in East Asia.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The phylogenetic relationships of the O3-M122 SNPs and haplotypes
Figure 2
Figure 2
The frequency distribution of the O3-M122 haplotypes in East Asian and other continental populations. The data used were from published studies (Su et al. , , ; Qian et al. ; Semino et al. ; Underhill et al. ; Karafet et al. ; Lell et al. ; Jin et al. ; Wen et al. 2004a).
Figure 3
Figure 3
The geographic distribution of language families/subfamilies in East Asia (Wang 1994) and the sampling sites for the present study. The population labels correspond with those in table 2.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The contour maps of the Y-haplotype–frequency distribution. The data used to construct the contour maps of O3-M122, O3a-M324, O3a5-M134, and O3a4-M7 were from published studies (Su et al. , , ; Qian et al. ; Wen et al. 2004a) and the present study. The data used to construct the contour maps of O3a* and O3a5a2 (M117) were from the present study.
Figure 5
Figure 5
The map of multidimensional scaling analysis based on the O3-M122 SNP haplotype distribution (table 2) of the 40 populations studied. Three dimensions were used in construction of the MDS map.
Figure 6
Figure 6
The networks of Y-STR haplotypes under the background of the Y SNPs. A, Network constructed with use of all populations. Populations shown in blue are northern Han. Populations shown in red are southern populations (Daic, Hmong-Mien, and Austro-Asiatic). Populations shown in green are southern Han and Tibeto-Burmans. B, Network constructed with southern Han, Altaic, Tibeto-Burman, and Hmong-Mien populations excluded to remove the influence of recent population admixture. Blue represents northern Han. Red represents Daic and Austro-Asiatic populations. The sizes of the dots are proportional to the haplotype frequencies, and the dots with multiple colors represent haplotypes shared among populations.
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