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Link to original content: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15210304
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Review
. 2004 Jul;45(3):196-212.
doi: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2004.03.003.

GABA transporters in the mammalian cerebral cortex: localization, development and pathological implications

Fiorenzo Conti  1 , Andrea Minelli, Marcello Melone
Affiliations
Review

GABA transporters in the mammalian cerebral cortex: localization, development and pathological implications

Fiorenzo Conti et al. Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 2004 Jul.

Abstract

The extracellular levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian cerebral cortex, are regulated by specific high-affinity, Na+/Cl- dependent transporters. Four distinct genes encoding GABA transporters (GATs), named GAT-1, GAT-2, GAT-3, and BGT-1 have been identified using molecular cloning. Of these, GAT-1 and -3 are expressed in the cerebral cortex. Studies of the cortical distribution, cellular localization, ontogeny and relationships of GATs with GABA-releasing elements using a variety of light and electron microscopic immunocytochemical techniques have shown that: (i) a fraction of GATs is strategically placed to mediate GABA uptake at fast inhibitory synapses, terminating GABA's action and shaping inhibitory postsynaptic responses; (ii) another fraction may participate in functions such as the regulation of GABA's diffusion to neighboring synapses and of GABA levels in cerebrospinal fluid; (iii) GATs may play a role in the complex processes regulating cortical maturation; and (iv) GATs may contribute to the dysregulation of neuronal excitability that accompanies at least two major human diseases: epilepsy and ischemia.

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