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Link to original content: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12893770
Interleukin-21 inhibits dendritic cell activation and maturation - PubMed Skip to main page content
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Comparative Study
. 2003 Dec 1;102(12):4090-8.
doi: 10.1182/blood-2003-03-0669. Epub 2003 Jul 31.

Interleukin-21 inhibits dendritic cell activation and maturation

Katja Brandt  1 , Silvia Bulfone-Paus, Donald C Foster, René Rückert
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Free article
Comparative Study

Interleukin-21 inhibits dendritic cell activation and maturation

Katja Brandt et al. Blood. .
Free article

Abstract

Interleukin 21 (IL-21) is a newly described cytokine with homology to IL-4 and IL-15. They belong to a cytokine family that uses the common gamma chain for signaling but also have their private high-affinity receptors. Since it is well known that IL-4 modulates differentiation and activation of dendritic cells (DCs), we analyzed effects of IL-21 compared with IL-15 on DC differentiation, maturation, and function. Here we show that DCs generated with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GMCSF) in the presence of IL-21 (IL-21DCs) differentiated into phenotypically and functionally altered DCs characterized by reduced major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) expression, high antigen uptake, and low stimulatory capacity for T-cell activation in vitro. Additionally, IL-21DCs completely failed to induce antigen (Ag)-specific T-cell mediated contact hypersensitivity. Furthermore, IL-21 blocked lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced activation and maturation of DCs, which was not mediated by release of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. In contrast, when supplementing GMCSF with IL-15, DCs differentiated into mature antigen-presenting cells (APCs) with low antigen uptake and highly significant increased capacities to stimulate T cells in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, these results identify a dichotomous action of these structurally related cytokines on DCs, establishing IL-21 as inhibitory cytokine on DC activation and IL-15 as potent stimulator of DC function, making both cytokines interesting targets for therapeutic manipulation of DC-induced immune reactions.

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