heap

See also: Heap and Hieb

English

Etymology

From Middle English hepe, from Old English hēap, from Proto-West Germanic *haup, from Proto-Germanic *haupaz (compare Dutch hoop, German Low German Hupen, German Haufen), from Proto-Indo-European *koupos (“hill”) (compare Lithuanian kaũpas, Albanian qipi (“stack”), Avestan 𐬐𐬂𐬟𐬀 (kåfa)).

Pronunciation

• enPR: hēp, IPA^(key): /hiːp/
• ((Ireland), dated) enPR: hāp, IPA^(key): /heːp/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -iːp

Noun

heap (plural heaps)

1. A crowd; a throng; a multitude or great number of people.
   • 1622 (date written), Francis [Bacon], “An Advertisement Touching an Holy VVarre. […]”, in William Rawley, editor, Certaine Miscellany VVorks of the Right Honourable Francis Lo. Verulam, Viscount S. Alban. […], London: […] I. Hauiland for Humphrey Robinson, […], published 1629, →OCLC, page 104:

     A Heap of Vassals, and Slaues: […] A People that is without Naturall Affection, […] A Nation without Morality, without Letters, Arts, or Sciences

   • 1858, Anthony Trollope, Doctor Thorne. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: Chapman & Hall, […], →OCLC:

     He had plenty of friends, heaps of friends in the parliamentary sense

2. A pile or mass; a collection of things laid in a body, or thrown together so as to form an elevation.

   a heap of earth; a heap of stones

   • 1697, Virgil, “(please specify the book number)”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:

     Huge heaps of slain around the body rise.

   • 2012 May 9, Jonathan Wilson, “Europa League: Radamel Falcao's Atlético Madrid rout Athletic Bilbao”, in the Guardian‎^[1]:

     Every break seemed dangerous and Falcao clearly had the beating of Amorebieta. Others, being forced to stretch a foot behind them to control Arda Turan's 34th-minute cross, might simply have lashed a shot on the turn; Falcao, though, twisted back on to his left foot, leaving Amorebieta in a heap, and thumped in an inevitable finish – his 12th goal in 15 European matches this season.

3. A great number or large quantity of things.
   • 1679, Gilbert Burnet, The History of the Reformation of the Church of England:

     a vast heap, both of places of scripture and quotations

   • 1878, Robert Louis Stevenson, Will o' the Mill:

     I have noticed a heap of things in my life.

4. (computing) A data structure consisting of trees in which each node is greater than all its children.
5. (computing) Memory that is dynamically allocated.

   You should move these structures from the stack to the heap to avoid a potential stack overflow.

6. (colloquial) A dilapidated place or vehicle.

   My first car was an old heap.

   • 1991 May 12, “Kidnapped!”, in Jeeves and Wooster, Series 2, Episode 5:

     Chuffy: It's on a knife edge at the moment, Bertie. If he can get planning permission, old Stoker's going to take this heap off my hands in return for vast amounts of oof.

7. (colloquial) A lot, a large amount

   Thanks a heap!

   • 1848 November – 1850 December, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter 10, in The History of Pendennis. […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1849–1850, →OCLC:

     [W]e went to the play, and Pen was struck all of a heap with Miss Fotheringay … And he’s fallen in love with her—and I’m blessed if he hasn’t proposed to her […]

Synonyms

• See also Thesaurus:lot

Derived terms

• all of a heap
• ant-heap
• ash-heap
• ash-heap-cake
• ash heap of history
• at the top of the heap
• compost heap
• dung heap
• dung-heap
• dust heap of history
• garbage heap of history
• Heap Bridge
• heapful
• heapmeal
• it takes a heap of living to make a house a home
• it takes a heap o' livin' to make a house a home
• scrap-heap
• scrap heap
• slag heap
• spoil heap
• thanks a heap
• to-heap
• trash heap of history

 

Descendants

• Sranan Tongo: ipi

Translations

crowd

• Bulgarian: тълпа (bg) f (tǎlpa)
• Dutch: mensenmassa (nl) m or f
• Finnish: joukko (fi), väkijoukko (fi)
• Galician: multitude (gl) f, moitedume f, chea (gl) f, corxa f
• German: Menschenmenge (de) f, Masse (de) f
• Italian: folla (it) f, massa (it) f, moltitudine (it) f
• Occitan: molon (oc) m, molonada (oc) f, multitud (oc) f, fola (oc) f, mond (oc) m
• Portuguese: multidão (pt) f
• Quechua: qisa
• Uyghur: غۇژمەك (ghuzhmek)

pile

• Arabic:

  Egyptian Arabic: كومة f (kōma)

• Armenian: կույտ (hy) (kuyt), զանգված (hy) (zangvac)
• Azerbaijani: qalaq, yığın, topa
• Basque: pilo
• Belarusian: ку́ча f (kúča), ку́па f (kúpa)
• Bhojpuri: ढेर (ḍhēr)
• Bulgarian: куп (bg) m (kup), купчина (bg) f (kupčina)
• Chechen: гӏама (ğama)
• Cherokee: ᎤᎪᏗᏗ (ugodidi)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 堆 (zh) (duī)

• Danish: stak c
• Dutch: hoop (nl) m, berg (nl) m
• Esperanto: stako
• Finnish: kasa (fi), läjä (fi), keko (fi)
• French: tas (fr) m, pile (fr) f, monceau (fr) m
• Galician: pía (gl) f, conxerie f, morea (gl) f, rebullón m, moutillón m, cómaro m, toutelo m, cemba (gl) f, cotarelo m, alarve m
• Georgian: გროვა (grova)
• German: Haufen (de) m, Haufe (de) m
• Greek: σωρός (el) m (sorós), στοίβα (el) f (stoíva)

  Ancient: σωρός m (sōrós), σώρευμα n (sṓreuma), θίς m (thís)

• Hindi: ढेर (hi) m (ḍher)
• Hungarian: halom (hu)
• Ingrian: mytty, koko, ropja, runni
• Irish: dumha m, carnán m
• Italian: pila (it), cumulo (it), catasta (it) f, mucchio (it) m
• Japanese: 重ね (かさね, kasane), 塚 (ja) (つか, tsuka), 堆積 (ja) (たいせき, taiseki), 積み重ね (ja) (つみかさね, tsumikasane), 山 (ja) (やま, yama)
• Khmer: គំនរ (km) (kumnɔɔ), ពំនូក (km) (pumnuuk), រនះ (km) (rɔneah)
• Korean: 더미 (ko) (deomi), 무더기 (ko) (mudeogi)
• Latgalian: guba, gobona, kryva, skaudze, grāda
• Latin: struēs f, acervus (la) m, cumulus m
• Latvian: kaudze, grēda, čupa
• Lithuanian: krūvà f, kaũpas m
• Macedonian: куп m (kup)
• Maori: purawhetū, taupū, kōputu
• Mari:

  Eastern Mari: курык (kuryk)

• Mongolian: please add this translation if you can
• Occitan: molon (oc) m, pièla f
• Ottoman Turkish: ییغین (yığın)
• Persian: کپه (fa) (koppe), توده (fa) (tude), کوت (fa) (kut)
• Polish: sterta (pl) f, kupa (pl) f
• Portuguese: pilha (pt) f, monte (pt) m
• Quechua: qutu
• Romanian: groapă (ro) f
• Russian: ку́ча (ru) f (kúča), гру́да (ru) f (grúda), во́рох (ru) m (vórox), ки́па (ru) f (kípa)
• Sanskrit: निचय (sa) m (nicaya), राशि (sa) m or f (rāśi)
• Spanish: pila (es) f, montón (es) m, cúmulo (es) m
• Thai: please add this translation if you can
• Turkish: öbek (tr)
• Ugaritic: 𐎖𐎎𐎕 (qmṣ)
• Ukrainian: ку́па (uk) f (kúpa), ку́ча f (kúča)
• Uyghur: غارام (gharam), دۈۋە (düwe)
• Vietnamese: đống (vi), gò (vi)
• Walloon: moncea (wa) m, hopea (wa) m
• Welsh: pentwr (cy)

great number or large quantity of things

• Bulgarian: маса (bg) f (masa)
• Dutch: berg (nl) m, massa (nl) f, massa (nl) m or f
• Finnish: joukko (fi), kasa (fi), läjä (fi)
• French: tas (fr) m
• Galician: pía (gl) f, parga f, conxerie f, acervo (gl) m, morea (gl) f, rebullón m, monte (gl) m
• Italian: moltitudine (it) f, massa (it) f, marea (it) f
• Occitan: molon (oc) m
• Portuguese: monte (pt) m
• Russian: ку́ча (ru) f (kúča)

type of data structure

• Catalan: pila (ca) f
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 堆 (zh) (duī)

• Czech: halda (cs) f
• Dutch: please add this translation if you can
• Esperanto: please add this translation if you can
• Finnish: keko (fi)
• French: tas (fr) m, pile (fr)
• German: Heap m
• Greek: σωρός (el) f (sorós)
• Japanese: ヒープ (hīpu)
• Norwegian: heap
• Occitan: molon (oc) m
• Polish: kopiec (pl) m
• Portuguese: heap m or f
• Russian: ку́ча (ru) f (kúča)
• Spanish: montículo (es) m
• Swedish: heap (sv) c
• Turkish: öbek (tr)

memory that is dynamically allocated

• Finnish: keko (fi)
• Russian: ку́ча (ru) f (kúča)

colloquial: dilapidated place or vehicle

• Bulgarian: таратайка f (taratajka)
• Finnish: rämä, romu (fi), romukasa (vehicle, device); roska (fi)
• Portuguese: carripana f, calhambeque (pt) m, chaço (pt) m, chaço-velho m

colloquial: large amount

• Finnish: vuori (fi); jätti-

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Albanian: ^{(please verify)} grumbull (sq) m
• Basque: ^{(please verify)} meta (eu)
• Catalan: ^{(please verify)} munt (ca) m, ^{(please verify)} pila (ca) f
• Czech: ^{(please verify)} hromada (cs) f, ^{(please verify)} kupa (cs) f
• Dutch: ^{(please verify)} hoop (nl) m
• Esperanto: ^{(please verify)} monteto
• French: ^{(please verify)} tas (fr) m
• Italian: (1, 2) ^{(please verify)} mucchio (it) m, (3) ^{(please verify)} cumulo (it) m
• Malay: ^{(please verify)} melambak
• Serbo-Croatian: ^{(please verify)} hrpa (sh) f, ^{(please verify)} gomila (sh) f
• Slovak: ^{(please verify)} kopa f
• Slovene: ^{(please verify)} kup (sl) m
• Spanish: ^{(please verify)} montón (es) m, ^{(please verify)} pila (es) m
• Swedish: ^{(please verify)} hop (sv) c
• Telugu: ^{(please verify)} కుప్ప (te) (kuppa)
• West Frisian: ^{(please verify)} heap

Verb

heap (third-person singular simple present heaps, present participle heaping, simple past and past participle heaped)

1. (transitive) To pile in a heap.

   He heaped the laundry upon the bed and began folding.

2. (transitive) To form or round into a heap, as in measuring.
   • 1819, John Keats, Otho the Great, act I, scene II, verses 40-42:

     Cry a reward, to him who shall first bring
     News of that vanished Arabian,
     A full-heap’d helmet of the purest gold.

3. (transitive) To supply in great quantity.

   They heaped praise upon their newest hero.

   • 2022 January 12, Nigel Harris, “Comment: Unhappy start to 2022”, in RAIL, number 948, page 3:

     Then, in January, a creeping tsunami of train cancellations, triggered by major staff absences as a result of the aggressive transmissibility of Omicron, heaped further misery on rail users.

Synonyms

• (pile in a heap): amass, heap up, pile up; see also Thesaurus:pile up

Derived terms

• heap coals of fire on someone's head
• heaped (adj), heaping (adj)
• heap on
• heap up
• overheap
• heap insult on injury

Translations

to pile in a heap

• Bulgarian: натрупвам (bg) (natrupvam)
• Finnish: kasata (fi)
• Greek: στοιβάζω (el) (stoivázo)

  Ancient: χόω (khóō)

• Italian: ammucchiare (it), ammassare (it), accatastare (it)
• Maori: whakataipū, whakapīhangaiti, haipū, tarahono
• Portuguese: empilhar (pt), amontoar (pt)
• Spanish: amontonar (es)

to form or round into a heap

• Finnish: kasata (fi), läjittää
• Greek: στοιβάζω (el) (stoivázo)
• Italian: ricolmare, ricoprire (it)
• Portuguese: amontoar (pt)
• Spanish: amontonar (es)

to supply in great quantity

• Bulgarian: отрупвам (bg) (otrupvam)
• Hebrew: הִרְעִיף (he) (hir'íf)
• Italian: colmare (it), ricolmare, coprire (it), sommergere (it), riempire (it)
• Spanish: amontonar (es)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Dutch: ^{(please verify)} hopen (nl)
• German: ^{(please verify)} Haufen (de)

Adverb

heap (not comparable)

1. (possibly offensive) very; representing broken English stereotypically or comically attributed to Native Americans
   • 1980, Joey Lee Dillard, Perspectives on American English, page 417:

     We are all familiar with the stereotyped broken English which writers of Western stories, comic strips, and similar literature put into the mouths of Indians: 'me heap big chief', 'you like um fire water', and so forth.

   • 2004, John Robert Colombo, The Penguin Book of Canadian Jokes, page 175:

     Once upon a time, a Scotsman, an Englishman, and an Irishman are captured by the Red Indians […] He approaches the Englishman, pinches the skin of his upper arm, and says, "Hmmm, heap good skin, nice and thick.

Anagrams

• HAPE, HEPA, epha, hep A

Old English

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *haupaz.

Cognate with Old Frisian hāp, Old Saxon hōp, Old High German houf. Old Norse hópr differs from the expected form *haupr because it is a borrowing from Middle Low German.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /xæ͜ɑːp/, [hæ͜ɑːp]

Noun

hēap m

1. group
   • c. 992, Ælfric, "The Nativity of St. Paul the Apostle"

     [Petrus] āna spræc for ealne þone hēap.

     [Peter] by himself spoke for the whole group.

2. heap

Declension

Strong a-stem:

	singular	plural
nominative	hēap	hēapas
accusative	hēap	hēapas
genitive	hēapes	hēapa
dative	hēape	hēapum

Derived terms

• hēapmǣlum

Descendants

• Middle English: hepe, heep, hep
  • English: heap
  • Yola: heep

Portuguese

Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English heap.

Noun

heap m or f (plural heaps)

1. (computing) heap (tree-based data structure)

West Frisian

Etymology

From Old Frisian hāp, from Proto-West Germanic *haup, from Proto-Germanic *haupaz (“heap”).

Noun

heap c (plural heapen or heappen, diminutive heapke)

1. heap, pile
2. mass, gang, horde

Further reading

• “heap”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011