Kyau
 Kyau | |
|---|---|
type of value (en)  , aesthetic concept (en) da personality trait (en) | |
.png) | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
convention (en) da value (en) |
| Hashtag (en) | beauty |
| Hannun riga da |
ugliness (en) |
Kyau An fi bayyana kyau a matsayin siffa na abubuwa da ke sa su jin daɗin fahimta. Irin waɗannan abubuwa sun haɗa da shimfidar wurare, faɗuwar rana, mutane da ayyukan fasaha. Kyawawa, fasaha da ɗanɗano su ne manyan batutuwa na ƙayatarwa, ɗaya daga cikin fagagen nazari a cikin falsafar. A matsayin kyakkyawan darajar kyan gani, an bambanta shi da mummuna a matsayin mummunan takwaransa.
Wahala ɗaya wajen fahimtar kyakkyawa ita ce tana da abubuwa biyu na haƙiƙa da na zahiri: ana ganinta a matsayin mallakin abubuwa amma kuma ta dogara da martanin tunanin masu kallo. Saboda bangarensa na zahiri, an ce kyakkyawa “a wurin mai kallo ne”[1]. An yi iƙirarin cewa ikon da ke gefen batun da ake buƙata don gane da kuma yin hukunci da kyau, wani lokaci ana kiransa "jin daɗin dandano", ana iya horar da shi kuma hukuncin masana ya zo daidai a cikin dogon lokaci. Wannan yana nuna ma'auni na ingancin hukunce-hukuncen kyawawa suna tsaka-tsaki ne, watau sun dogara da rukunin alkalai, maimakon cikakku na zahiri ko haƙiƙa.
Tunanin kyau yana nufin kama abin da ke da mahimmanci ga duk kyawawan abubuwa. Tunani na gargajiya suna bayyana kyakkyawa dangane da alakar da ke tsakanin kyakkyawan abu gabaɗaya da sassansa: yakamata sassan su tsaya daidai gwargwado da juna kuma ta haka ne su tsara haɗaɗɗiyar gaba ɗaya. Tunanin Hedonist ganin haɗin kai mai mahimmanci tsakanin jin daɗi da kyau, misali. cewa abu ya yi kyau shi ne ya haifar da jin dadi maras sha'awa. Sauran ra'ayoyin sun haɗa da ayyana kyawawan abubuwa ta fuskar kimarsu, halin ƙauna gare su ko na aikinsu.
Takaitawa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kyakkyawan, tare da fasaha da ɗanɗano, shine babban jigo na ƙayatarwa, ɗaya daga cikin manyan rassan falsafa[2][3] Kyawawan yawanci ana rarraba su azaman kayan ado ban da sauran kaddarorin, kamar alheri, ƙawanci ko maɗaukaki.[4][5][6] A matsayin ingantacciyar ƙima, kyakkyawa an bambanta da ƙauna a matsayin takwararta mara kyau. Ana lissafta kyakkyawa sau da yawa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mahimman dabaru guda uku na fahimtar ɗan adam baya ga gaskiya da nagarta.[7][8][9]
Masu manufa ko masu haƙiƙanci suna kallon kyakkyawa azaman haƙiƙa ko siffa mai zaman kanta na kyawawan abubuwa, waɗanda masu fafutuka suka musanta.[3][9] Madogarar wannan muhawarar ita ce, ana ganin hukunce-hukuncen kyau sun ginu ne bisa dalilai na zahiri, wato yadda muke ji, yayin da ake da'awar daidaito na duniya a lokaci guda[10]. Wani lokaci ana kiran wannan tashin hankali a matsayin “antinomy na dandano”[4]. Mabiya ɓangarorin biyu sun ba da shawarar cewa wata ƙungiya, wadda aka fi sani da ma'anar ɗanɗano, tana da mahimmanci don yanke tabbataccen hukunci game da kyakkyawa.[3][10] David Hume, alal misali, ya ba da shawarar cewa za a iya horar da wannan jami'a kuma cewa hukunce-hukuncen masana sun zo daidai a cikin dogon lokaci.[3][9].
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Gary Martin (2007). "Beauty is in the eye of the beholder". The Phrase Finder. Archived from the original on November 30, 2007. Retrieved December 4, 2007.
- ↑ "Aesthetics". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on February 28, 2022. Retrieved February 9, 2021.
- ↑ Sartwell, Crispin (2017). "Beauty". The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. Archived from the original on February 26, 2022. Retrieved February 10, 2021.
- ↑ "Beauty in Aesthetics". Encyclopedia.com. Archived from the original on January 13, 2022. Retrieved February 9, 2021.
- ↑ Levinson, Jerrold (2003). "Philosophical Aesthetics: An Overview". The Oxford Handbook of Aesthetics. Oxford University Press. pp. 3–24. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved February 10, 2021.
- ↑ "Beauty and Ugliness". Encyclopedia.com. Archived from the original on December 24, 2021. Retrieved February 9, 2021.
- ↑ Kriegel, Uriah (2019). "The Value of Consciousness". Analysis. 79 (3): 503–520. doi:10.1093/analys/anz045. ISSN 0003-2638. Archived from the original on January 11, 2022. Retrieved February 10, 2021.
- ↑ "Beauty in Aesthetics". Encyclopedia.com. Archived from the original on January 13, 2022. Retrieved February 9, 2021.
- ↑ "Beauty and Ugliness". Encyclopedia.com. Archived from the original on December 24, 2021. Retrieved February 9, 2021.