Control measures
Regulation (EU) 2016/429 (“Animal Health Law”, AHL) lays down rules for the prevention and control of animal diseases which are transmissible to animals or to humans, including rules on disease awareness, preparedness and control.
Regulation (EU) 2016/429 also provides, for "category A" diseases, specific rules apply to species and groups of animal species that pose a considerable risk for the spread of specific diseases and which are listed as such in Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/1882.
Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2020/687 of 17 December 2019 supplementing Regulation (EU) 2016/429 of the European Parliament and the Council, as regards rules for the prevention and control of certain listed diseases, supplements the rules on disease awareness, preparedness and control to be applied with regard to the listed diseases referred to in Article 9(1)(a), (b) and (c) of Regulation (EU) 2016/429.
The disease control measures set out in this Delegated Regulation should apply to animals and to products obtained from animals, including products of animal origin, germinal products, animal by-products and derived products.
Description
Infection with lumpy skin disease virus is an infectious viral disease of bovine animals (Bison ssp., Bos ssp., Bubalus ssp.), characterised by fever, painful nodules affecting the whole skin, the subcutaneous tissue and sometimes the musculature, by swellings, inflammation of superficial lymph nodes and by lameness.
This disease is caused by a virus of the Poxviridae family, genus Capripoxvirus.
Transmission
Transmission may occur via infected saliva or through insect vectors. Regarding the occurrence, it's mainly present in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia.
There's no specific treatment although strong antibiotic therapy may avoid secondary infection.
Vaccination exists, with homologous or heterologous attenuated virus vaccines.
Special control measures
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/1070 of 28 June 2021 laying down special control measures for a limited period of time related to infection with lumpy skin disease virus
Further information
Description
It is an acute or subacute viral disease of sheep and especially of goats, characterised by sudden fever, nasal discharge, congestion of conjunctiva, bronchopneumonia, necrotic stomatitis and diarrhoea.
The disease is caused by a virus of the Paramyxoviridae family, genus Morbillivirus, antigenically close to the rinderpest virus. Cattle and pigs develop inapparent infections.
PPR Listed species: Ovis ssp., Capra ssp., Camelidae, Cervidae
Transmission
The disease is transmitted through direct contact between animals.
Further information
Description
Rift Valley fever is a viral disease of the following species: Perissodactyla, Antilocapridae, Bovidae, Camelidae, Cervidae, Giraffidae, Hippopotamidae, Moschidae, Proboscidea.
It is characterised by fever, weakness, diarrhoea and vomiting, nasal discharge, abortions and a high mortality rate among the new born animals. Humans are very susceptible (major zoonosis).
Transmission
Via mosquitoes as vectors or reservoir hosts. Direct contamination occurs in humans when handling infected animals and meat.
Further information
Description
Declared eradicated by the OIE in 2011, rinderpest is a highly fatal viral disease of domestic and wild cattle, sheep and goats and Asian pigs, characterised by fever, mucous membrane congestion and later gastrointestinal signs.
The virus belongs to the Paramyxoviridae family, genus Morbillivirus.
Transmission by direct or close indirect contact. No treatment is available.
Further information
Description
Sheep pox and goat pox are serious and very contagious viral diseases characterised by fever, nasal secretions and widespread skin eruption.
The poxviruses of sheep and goats (capripoxviruses) are closely related. They are also related to the virus of lumpy skin disease.
The virus remains viable in wool for 2 months and in premises for as long as 6 months.
Transmission
Occurs through direct contact with infected animals or indirectly by contaminated implements, vehicles or products (litter, animal feed), by insects (mechanical vectors). Contamination can also be airborne.