As early as the reign of Alfonso II "el Casto" King of Asturias (791-842), the construction of a series of fortified villages and castles was started in the mountains above the upper Ebro to guard against Muslim invasions, from which the name "Castilla" (later given to the area) was derived.� In 804, a separate bishopric was established at Valpuesta to administer religious affairs in the area.� Later resources record that King Alfonso II appointed regional judges who were the first rulers of the province, and that these judges were gradually replaced by regional counts administering local districts.� Mart�nez D�ez classifies the existence of these judges as �legendario, producto de la creaci�n literaria, sin ning�n apoyo cron�stico coet�neo ni documental�[1].� The county of Castile was originally only one of the local districts administered under the kings of Asturias, but the name was gradually extended to the entire area.� Ibn al-Athir records that Fruela I King of Asturias (so dated to the 760s) took control of �Lugo, Portucale, Salamanca, Zamora, �vila, Segovia y Castilla�[2].� Mart�nez D�ez indicates that this passage represents the earliest mention of �Castilla� in history, although he concedes that Ibn al-Athir may have updated texts written in the 9th or 10th century by substituting the term which described the area when he compiled his own work (in the mid-13th century)[3].� King Fruela�s connection with the area is confirmed by the earliest document which relates to a location within the territory which evolved as Castilla: the charter dated 24 Apr 759 under which "abbatissa Nonna Bella" agreed with her nuns to establish the monastery of San Miguel de Pedroso, located 5 km from Belorado, the agreement being made "coram...Froilani regis"[4].� The Anales Complutenses (now more commonly known as the Anales Castellanos Segundos) record in 814 (Era 852) that �foras montani� left �Malacouria� and came �ad Castellam�[5].� The earliest charter (which is not either spurious or dubious) in which the name �Castilla� appears is the document dated 18 Jan 836 under which �Cardiel presbitero� donated property �in Castella quod nominatur Uilla Kardelli...et Uillella� to the church of San Andr�s de As�a[6].�

The Chronicon Burgense records that �Rodericus comes� (see below, Chapter 1) populated Amaya in 860 �per mandatum Regis Ordonii�[7].� Other early reports relating to Castile are provided by the Chronicon Albeldense which records the rebellion of �Froilane, Gallici� comite� in the first year of the reign of Alfonso III King of Asturias (866), the king�s exile in �Castellam�, and his return after Fruela was killed[8].� The same source records that �Didacus filius Ruderici erat comes in Castella� during the reign of Alfonso III King of Asturias, dated to 882, while �Vigila Scemeniz� was �comes in Alava� and attacked Castile and arrived at �castrum...Ponte curbem�[9].�

Until about 930, power in Castile was shared by five different families, the relationship between whom, if any, cannot be traced with certainty.� There was no true central authority, and it is probably more accurate to describe these different counts as "in Castile" rather than "of Castile" at that time.� This shared authority is illustrated by the Cronica de Sampiro which names "Nunius Fredenandi, Abolmondar Albus et suus filius Didacus, et Fredenandi Ansuri filius" (see below, Chapter 1, parts D, A and C, respectively) as those counts who governed "Burgos" and who were captured by King Ordo�o II "in riuo�Carrion, loco�Tebulare", datable to [922/23] from the context of the passage[10].� In 930, Gonzalo Fern�ndez, known as "de Lara" from the castle which he built, succeeded his father after nine years in exile.� From that date until 1029, the county prospered, especially under the rule of the strong count Fernando Gonz�lez, son of Gonzalo Fern�ndez.� The succession became hereditary in the same family, and the counts established full political autonomy from the neighbouring kingdoms of Le�n and Navarre.� They also strengthened the county's frontiers against Muslim incursions, although in the later 10th and early 11th centuries the ruling counts benefited from strategic alliances with certain Muslim rulers.�

In the early 11th century, the county of Castile was to some extent eclipsed by the powerful Sancho III King of Navarre, who had succeeded as king in 999 and already controlled the county of Aragon in addition to Navarre itself.� King Sancho married the eldest daughter of Sancho Garc�a Count of Castile in 1010, which was to prove a judicious move for his own further territorial expansion.� In 1029, the last independent Count of Castile, Garc�a II S�nchez, was murdered.� Although his sister, the queen of Navarre, nominally succeeded as countess in her own right, the county was claimed in her name by her husband King Sancho, who installed their second son Fernando as count in her place.� After extending his influence to the kingdom of Le�n through another judicious marriage, King Sancho became the focus of all political power in the various Christian states in Spain.� This centralised state of affairs was short-lived.� The king divided his territories between his sons on his death in 1035.� Fernando retained Castile, which was raised to the status of a kingdom.� His succession as Fernando I King of Castile marked the arrival of Castile as a powerful force in Iberian politics.�

Chapter 1.�� CONDES en [de] CASTILLA 850-1035

A.�� CONDES en CASTILLA, descendants of Conde RODRIGO

RODRIGO, son of --- (-4 Oct 873[11]).� The origin of Rodrigo is unknown.� He is referred to as Rodrigo, son of Ramiro I King of Asturias by Fern�ndez de B�thencourt[12], presumably premised on Ramiro's second wife being Urraca de Castilla.� This is chronologically impossible as Rodrigo is documented in 852 as conde, only ten years after the date of King Ramiro's second marriage.� According to P�rez de Urbel, Rodrigo's appointment as conde in Castilla suggests some relationship with the royal family, maybe through Paterna, second wife of King Ramiro I[13].� King Ordo�o I appointed him to defend the eastern frontier of Asturias, replacing the previously appointed judges who ruled the country, although it appears that his rule as Conde de Castilla was limited to the area north of the Santander mountains[14].� He is named as Conde en Castilla in the 852 foundation charter of San Mart�n de Ferr�n, and in the [866/73] foundation charter of San Mart�n de Escalada[15].� The Chronicon Burgense records that �Rodericus comes� populated Amaya in 860 �per mandatum Regis Ordonii�[16].� He confirmed a charter of the monastery of San Mill�n de Salcedo dated 18 Apr 873[17].� The dating clause of a charter dated 29 May 873, under which "senior Didaco Ovecoz...cum uxore mea domna Guntroda" donated the churches of Santa Mar�a de Fresno and San Andr�s de Treviana to the monastery of San Mam�s, records "principe...Adefonso in Oveto et comite Roderico in Castella"[18].�

m ---.� The name of Rodrigo's wife is not known.�

Conde Rodrigo & his wife had [two] children:�

1. [daughter.� This marriage is not referred to in P�rez de Urbel.� It may be speculative in an attempt to explain the nomination of Nu�o as Conde en Castilla, although it is not certain that his appointment was due to family connections.� m MUNIO N��ez "�l de Castrojeriz" Conde en Castilla, son of [NU�O N��ez & his wife ---] (-after 900).]�

2. DIEGO Rodr�guez "Porcelos" (-Coru�a del Conde, Burgos 31 Jan 885).� ["Didaco comite" donated property to the monastery of San Felices de Oca, by charter dated 15 Mar 863, witnessed by "Gomaze, Gogenellu, Sarrazino�"[19].� "Didaco comite" donated property to the monastery of San Felices de Oca, by charter dated 864, witnessed by "Gomaze, Gonellu, Sarrazino�"[20].� "Comite Didaco" donated property to the monastery of San Felices de Oca, by charter dated 869 "regnante Adefonso in Oveto et Didaco comite in Castella", witnessed by "Gomaze, Flagino"[21].� Mart�nez D�ez indicates that these charters are all falsifications, highlighting in particular that they are dated during the period of Diego�s father�s rule as count[22].]� He succeeded his father as Conde en Castilla.� The Chronicon Albeldense records that �Didacus filius Ruderici erat comes in Castella� during the reign of Alfonso III King of Asturias, dated to 882[23].� The Chronicon Albeldense records in 883 that the Muslims (�Almundar, Mahomat regis filius cum duce Abohalt�) invaded �ad terminos Castell� in pont Curbo castro�, adding that �Didacus comes� ruled[24].� He expanded the county to the south towards the source of the River Ebro, restoring the town of Oca[25].� The Chronicon Burgense records that �Didacus comes� populated Burgos in 884[26].� The Cr�nica Najerense records that �el conde Diego� repopulated Burgos in 884 and died �en Cornuta� 31 Jan 885[27].� m ---.� The name of Diego's wife is not known.� Conde Diego & his wife had [six] children:�

a) RODRIGO D�az "el Abolmondar" (-after 930).� [�...Gundisalbo Gudistioz, Didaco Gudistioz, Ruderico Didaz...Didaco Nebzan, Albaro Obecoz...� subscribed the charter dated 3 Feb 921 under which �Gundissalbus Didaci comite filius et uxor mea domna Maria� donated �molinis...aqua de Ebeia et de Arlanzon...� to San Pedro de Carde�a[28].� It is not certain that �Ruderico Didaz� was the brother of the donor�.]� The Cronica de Sampiro names "Nunius Fredenandi, Abolmondar Albus et suus filius Didacus, et Fredenandi Ansuri filius" as those counts who governed "Burgos" and who were captured by King Ordo�o II "in riuo�Carrion, loco�Tebulare", dateable to [922/23] from the context of the passage[29].� �Rudericus Didaz et uxor mea Justa� donated property to the monastery of San Juan de Tabladillo by charter dated 29 Dec 924, witnessed by �...Didaco Roderiz, Munio Roderiz, Feles Roderiz, Donna Gotina...�[30].� He confirmed the 930 document of conde Fernando Gonz�lez and his mother relating to land at Lara[31].� m JUSTA, daughter of --- (-after 29 Dec 924).� �Rudericus Didaz et uxor mea Justa� donated property to the monastery of San Juan de Tabladillo by charter dated 29 Dec 924, witnessed by �...Didaco Roderiz, Munio Roderiz, Feles Roderiz, Donna Gotina...�[32].� Rodrigo & his wife had [four] children:�

i) DIEGO Rodr�guez .� The Cronica de Sampiro names "Nunius Fredenandi, Abolmondar Albus et suus filius Didacus, et Fredenandi Ansuri filius" as those counts who governed "Burgos" and who were captured by King Ordo�o II "in riuo�Carrion, loco�Tebulare", dateable to [922/23] from the context of the passage[33].� �Rudericus Didaz et uxor mea Justa� donated property to the monastery of San Juan de Tabladillo by charter dated 29 Dec 924, witnessed by �...Didaco Roderiz, Munio Roderiz, Feles Roderiz...�[34].� The first three witnesses are assumed to be the donor�s sons although the relationship is not specified in the document.�

ii) MUNIO Rodr�guez (-after 29 Dec 924).� �Rudericus Didaz et uxor mea Justa� donated property to the monastery of San Juan de Tabladillo by charter dated 29 Dec 924, witnessed by �...Didaco Roderiz, Munio Roderiz, Feles Roderiz, Donna Gotina...�[35].� The first three witnesses are assumed to be the donor�s sons although the relationship is not specified in the document.�

iii) FELES Rodr�guez (-after 29 Dec 924).� �Rudericus Didaz et uxor mea Justa� donated property to the monastery of San Juan de Tabladillo by charter dated 29 Dec 924, witnessed by �...Didaco Roderiz, Munio Roderiz, Feles Roderiz, Donna Gotina...�[36].� The first three witnesses are assumed to be the donor�s sons although the relationship is not specified in the document.� same person as...?� FELES --- (-after 1 May 939).� �Feles...cum coniuge mea Elduara et filiis nostris Roderico Abolmondar et Gristillo� sold �vinea et serna et fontes...in locum Quintana iusta flumen Cubiensis et suburbio Burguensis� to San Pedro de Carde�as by charter dated 1 May 939[37].� The document does not specify the donor�s patronymic.� It is therefore not certain that he was Feles Rodr�guez, although the name of his son �Rodrigo Abolmondar� (maybe named after his paternal grandfather) suggests that this co-identity may be correct.� m ELDUARA, daughter of --- (-after 1 May 939).� �Feles...cum coniuge mea Elduara et filiis nostris Roderico Abolmondar et Gristillo� sold �vinea et serna et fontes...in locum Quintana iusta flumen Cubiensis et suburbio Burguensis� to San Pedro de Carde�as by charter dated 1 May 939[38].� Feles & his wife had two children:�

(a) RODRIGO �Abolmondar� (-after 1 May 939).� �Feles...cum coniuge mea Elduara et filiis nostris Roderico Abolmondar et Gristillo� sold �vinea et serna et fontes...in locum Quintana iusta flumen Cubiensis et suburbio Burguensis� to San Pedro de Carde�as by charter dated 1 May 939[39].�

(b) GRISTILLO (-after 1 May 939).� �Feles...cum coniuge mea Elduara et filiis nostris Roderico Abolmondar et Gristillo� sold �vinea et serna et fontes...in locum Quintana iusta flumen Cubiensis et suburbio Burguensis� to San Pedro de Carde�as by charter dated 1 May 939[40].�

iv) [GOTINA (-after 29 Dec 924).� �Rudericus Didaz et uxor mea Justa� donated property to the monastery of San Juan de Tabladillo by charter dated 29 Dec 924, witnessed by �...Didaco Roderiz, Munio Roderiz, Feles Roderiz, Donna Gotina...�[41].� The first three witnesses are assumed to be the donor�s sons although the relationship is not specified in the document.� If this is correct, it is possible that the fourth witness, whose name is listed before several other male witnesses, was the donor�s daughter.]�

b) GONZALO D�az (-after 3 Feb 921).� �Gundissalbus Didaci comite filius et uxor mea domna Maria� donated �molinis...aqua de Ebeia et de Arlanzon...� to San Pedro de Carde�a by charter dated 3 Feb 921[42].� m MAR�A, daughter of --- (-after 3 Feb 921).� �Gundissalbus Didaci comite filius et uxor mea domna Maria� donated �molinis...aqua de Ebeia et de Arlanzon...� to San Pedro de Carde�a by charter dated 3 Feb 921[43].

c) FERNANDO D�az (-after 1 May 932).� Conde en Lantar�n y Castilla in [913][44].� He is named in donations to the monastery of Santiago de Le�n dated 1 Jun 918 and to the church of Oviedo dated 8 Aug 921[45].� A charter dated 1 May 932 records the judgment in a dispute involving the monastery of Carde�as, in the presence of �comite Fredinando Gundissalbiz et suo alfieriz Gomiz Didaz et de Nunu Fernandez et de Munio Gundisalbiz et de Fredinando Didaz et de Albaro Munnioz�, the dating clause of which names "�comite Fredinando Gundisalviz in Castella"[46].�

d) [GUTINA D�az.� P�rez de Urbel emphasises that there is no proof of the parentage of Gutina D�az, wife of Fernando Mu�oz.� However, her grandson, conde Fernando Gonz�lez, confirming donations to San F�lix made by conde Diego Rodr�guez de Castilla, which suggests a close family connection[47].� m FERNANDO Mu�oz "Niger/�l de Castroserio", son of MUNIO N��ez "Rasura/�l de Branosera" & his wife Argilo ---.]�

e) [ASURA.� m NU�O Ord��ez de Asturias, son of ORDO�O I King of Asturias & his wife Munia --- (-after 870).]�

f) [G�MEZ D�az (-after 1 May 932).� Rodr�guez Marquina suggests that G�mez D�az was the son of Diego Rodr�guez[48].� A charter dated 1 May 932 records the judgment in a dispute involving the monastery of Carde�as, in the presence of �comite Fredinando Gundissalbiz et suo alfieriz Gomiz Didaz et de Nunu Fernandez et de Munio Gundisalbiz et de Fredinando Didaz et de Albaro Munnioz�, the dating clause of which names "�comite Fredinando Gundisalviz in Castella"[49].]� m ELDUARA, daughter of --- (-before 29 Jun 959).� Her marriage is confirmed by the charter dated 21 Jun 959 under which [her son-in-law and daughter] �Gundissalbo Fredinandiz et uxor mea Fronildi� donated �ratione propria ion pozo de domna Gutina...abemus ex profiliatone mater nostra domna Eldoara iam supra dicta� to San Pedro de Carde�as, for the soul of �domna Aldoara�[50].� G�mez & his wife had four children:�

i) FERNANDO G�mez (-before 10 Dec 959).� Property inherited from Fernando is mentioned by his sister Fronilde in her [960] donation to Sig�enza[51].�

ii) GUTIERRE G�mez .� Alf�rez of Fernando G�mez Conde de Castilla[52].�

iii) FRONILDE G�mez (-3 Nov 1009).� �Gundissalbo Fredinandiz et uxor mea Fronildi� donated �ratione propria ion pozo de domna Gutina...abemus ex profiliatone mater nostra domna Eldoara iam supra dicta� to San Pedro de Carde�as, for the soul of �domna Aldoara�, by charter dated 29 Jun 959[53].� �Fronildi Christique famula� donated �vinea in aditos de Kauia� to San Pedro de Carde�as, for the souls of �domno meo Gundissalbo Fernandiz simulque comes seu et Sancio filio meo�, by charter dated 6 Feb 984[54].� She became a nun at Sig�enza.� m (before 29 Jun 959) GONZALO Fern�ndez, son of FERNANDO Gonz�lez Conde de Castilla & his first wife Sancha S�nchez de Navarra (-after 29 Jun 959).�

iv) AURO G�mez .� Abbess of Santa Dorotea de Sig�enza.� Her sister Fronilde made a donation dated 10 Dec 959 of property which came to her from her brother Fernando in favour of the convent [55].�

B.�� CONDES en CASTILLA, family of GONZALO T�llez

ARRONCIO ---.� He founded the monastery of San Vicente de Acosta in [870/80][56].�

m ---.� The name of Arroncio's wife is not known.�

Arroncio & his wife had one child:�

1. TELLO .� He is named in his father's document founding the monastery of San Vicente de Acosta in [870/80][57].� m ---.� The name of Tello's wife is not known.� Tello & his wife had [two] children:

a) GONZALO T�llez (-[25 Feb 915/24 Nov 929]).� Conde en Lantar�n 18 Nov 897.� Conde en Castilla.� P�rez de Urbel suggests that he ruled in the eastern part of the county on the border with Rioja around Valpuesta[58].� �Gundissalbo Telliz...cum uxor mea Flamula� donated �serna...in Peternales� to San Pedro de Carde�as by charter dated 24 Sep 902, subscribed by �...Gutterre, Assuri, Beila Nuniz��[59].� The dating clause of a charter of the monastery of Valpuesta dated 1 Sep �Era DCCCCLI� [913, but which must be dated to before 910] records �regnante domini Adefonsi rex in Obeto et comite Gondesalbo Telluz in Castella�[60].� The Annales Complutense record that �Gunzalvo Teliz� populated �Osma� in 912[61].� The dating clause of a charter dated 13 May 913, under which four individuals swore testimony on the altar of the church of San Mill�n de Cabinea �Gondesalbo Tellizi iuraturi�, records �regnante domno [Garsea in Le]ione et comite Gundesalbo Telluz in Lan[ta]ro[ne]�[62].� Conde in Cerezo: �Gundissalbo Telliz et uxor mea Flamula� donated its church to �sanctorum Georgii et Sanctii Ihoannis...in supurbio...Cerasio� by charter dated 25 Oct 913, the dating clause of which records �...comite Gundissalbo Telliz in Cerasio�, witnessed by �...Assur Gundisalbo, Munnio Assuri, Gomiz, Uuistremiro, Garsea rex�[63].� �Gundissalbo Telliz et uxor mea Flamba� donated �serna...in villa per suos terminos, de una parte flumine Uena...� to San Pedro de Carde�a by charter dated 25 Feb 915, witnessed by �...Montanus, Gundissalbo, Assuri, Albaro�[64].� m FL�MULA, daughter of [FERNANDO Mu�oz & his wife Gutina D�az] (-after 24 Nov 929).� �Gundissalbo Telliz...cum uxor mea Flamula� donated �serna...in Peternales� to San Pedro de Carde�as by charter dated 24 Sep 902, subscribed by �...Gutterre, Assuri, Beila Nuniz��[65].� �Gundissalbo Telliz et uxor mea Flamula� donated its church to �sanctorum Georgii et Sanctii Ihoannis...in supurbio...Cerasio� by charter dated 25 Oct 913[66].� �Gundissalbo Telliz et uxor mea Flamba� donated �serna...in villa per suos terminos, de una parte flumine Uena...� to San Pedro de Carde�a by charter dated 25 Feb 915[67].� �Flamula� donated "situm in locum...Karadigna...Peternales iusta atrium Sancta Lucidia" to San Pedro de Carde�a, for the soul of �domno meo Gundissalbo Telliz�, by charter dated 24 Nov 929, the dating clause of which records �...comite Fredinando Assuriz in Castella�, witnessed by �...Sanzio Ennecoz, Munnio Obecoz, Didaco Obecoz...�[68].� Her parentage is suggested because her supposed sister-in-law Muniadomna and supposed nephew, Fernando Gonz�lez, confirmed documents of Fl�mula after the death of her husband[69].� Gonzalo & his wife had [three] children:�

i) [GUTIERRE [Gonz�lez] (-[24 Sep 902/25 Oct 913]).� �Gundissalbo Telliz...cum uxor mea Flamula� donated �serna...in Peternales� to San Pedro de Carde�as by charter dated 24 Sep 902, subscribed by �...Gutterre, Assuri, Beila Nuniz��[70].� The position of Gutierre and Ansur in the list of subscribers suggests that they may have been the donors� children.� This impression is reinforced by the inclusion of Gutierre�s supposed brother Ansur with the patronymic Gonz�lez in the charter dated 25 Oct 913 (see below).� If the co-identity is correct, Gutierre�s absence from the same charter suggests that he died before that date.]�

ii) [ANSUR Gonz�lez (-after 23 May 932).� �Gundissalbo Telliz...cum uxor mea Flamula� donated �serna...in Peternales� to San Pedro de Carde�as by charter dated 24 Sep 902, subscribed by �...Gutterre, Assuri, Beila Nuniz��[71].� The position of Gutierre and Ansur in the list of subscribers suggests that they may have been the donors� children.� This impression is reinforced by the inclusion of Ansur�s patronymic in the charter dated 25 Oct 913 under which �Gundissalbo Telliz et uxor mea Flamula� donated its church to �sanctorum Georgii et Sanctii Ihoannis...in supurbio...Cerasio�, witnessed by �...Assur Gundisalbo, Munnio Assuri, Gomiz, Uuistremiro, Garsea rex�[72].� �Gundissalbo Telliz et uxor mea Flamba� donated �serna...in villa per suos terminos, de una parte flumine Uena...� to San Pedro de Carde�a by charter dated 25 Feb 915, witnessed by �...Montanus, Gundissalbo, Assuri, Albaro�[73].� �Assuri Gundissalbiz�cum filiis meis Gundissalbo et Munnio� donated property to San Pedro de Carde�as by charter dated 23 May 932, the dating clause of which names "�comite Fredinando Gundisalviz in Castella", witnessed by "�Garsea, Didaco Rodriz, Lope, Endura, Flaginus Zitis�"[74].� m ---.� The name of Ansur�s wife is not known.� Ansur & his wife had two children:�

(a) GONZALO Ans�rez (-after 23 May 932).� �Assuri Gundissalbiz�cum filiis meis Gundissalbo et Munnio� donated property to San Pedro de Carde�as by charter dated 23 May 932, the dating clause of which names "�comite Fredinando Gundisalviz in Castella", witnessed by "�Garsea, Didaco Rodriz, Lope, Endura, Flaginus Zitis�"[75].�

(b) MUNIO Ans�rez (-after 23 May 932).� [�Gundissalbo Telliz et uxor mea Flamula� donated its church to �sanctorum Georgii et Sanctii Ihoannis...in supurbio...Cerasio� by charter dated 25 Oct 913, witnessed by �...Assur Gundisalbo, Munnio Assuri, Gomiz, Uuistremiro, Garsea rex�[76].� The date of this charter is early for �Munio Assuri� to refer to the same person who is named in the source cited below.� Also, if the co-identity is correct, it is not clear why Munio�s older brother Gonzalo would have been omitted from the subscription list.]� �Assuri Gundissalbiz�cum filiis meis Gundissalbo et Munnio� donated property to San Pedro de Carde�as by charter dated 23 May 932, the dating clause of which names "�comite Fredinando Gundisalviz in Castella", witnessed by "�Garsea, Didaco Rodriz, Lope, Endura, Flaginus Zitis�"[77].�

iii) [MUNIO Gonz�lez (-after 1 May 932).� A charter dated 1 May 932 records the judgment in a dispute involving the monastery of Carde�as, in the presence of �comite Fredinando Gundissalbiz et suo alfieriz Gomiz Didaz et de Nunu Fernandez et de Munio Gundisalbiz et de Fredinando Didaz et de Albaro Munnioz�, the dating clause of which names "�comite Fredinando Gundisalviz in Castella"[78].]�

b) [OVECO T�llez (-after 930).� He confirmed the 930 document of conde Fernando Gonz�lez and his mother relating to land at Lara[79].]� m ---.� The name of Oveco's wife is not known.� Oveco & his wife had [three possible children]:

i) [TELLO Ovecoz (-after 932).� He witnessed a 932 document selling property in Salinas de A�ana[80].]�

ii) [MUNIO Ovecoz (.after 24 Nov 929).� �Flamula� donated "situm in locum...Karadigna...Peternales iusta atrium Sancta Lucidia" to San Pedro de Carde�a, for the soul of �domno meo Gundissalbo Telliz�, by charter dated 24 Nov 929, the dating clause of which records �...comite Fredinando Assuriz in Castella�, witnessed by �...Sanzio Ennecoz, Munnio Obecoz, Didaco Obecoz...�[81].]�

iii) [DIEGO Ovecoz (.after 24 Nov 929).� �Flamula� donated "situm in locum...Karadigna...Peternales iusta atrium Sancta Lucidia" to San Pedro de Carde�a, for the soul of �domno meo Gundissalbo Telliz�, by charter dated 24 Nov 929, the dating clause of which records �...comite Fredinando Assuriz in Castella�, witnessed by �...Sanzio Ennecoz, Munnio Obecoz, Didaco Obecoz...�[82].]��

C.�� CONDES en CASTILLA, family of FERNANDO Ans�rez

ANSUR ---.�

m ---.� The name of Ansur's wife is not known.�

Ansur & his wife had two children:

1. FERNANDO Ans�rez (-930 or after).� Conde en Castilla: the dating clause of a charter dated 13 Nov 917, under which �Alaricus presbiter et germana mea Eilo devota...� donated all their property to San Pedro de Carde�a, records �...Fredinando comite in Castela�[83].� �Fredinando Assuriz et uxor mea Momadonna et filio nostro Assur Fernandiz� donated �serna in locum...Riuo de Uena iusta ecclesie Sancte Eolalie� to San Pedro de Carde�a by charter dated 4 Mar 921, witnessed by �Assur, Obeco Nuniz, Tello...�[84].� "�Nunus Guter, Lucidus Vimarine, Didacus Federnandici, Gundisaluus Betonice...Gundisaluus, Guincaluus Ferdinandiz, Federnandus Ansuriz, Gudesteus�" subscribed the charter dated to [922] which records an agreement between the bishops of Lugo and Santiago �pro commissos Prucios et Visancos�[85].� The Cronica de Sampiro names "Nunius Fredenandi, Abolmondar Albus et suus filius Didacus, et Fredenandi Ansuri filius" as those counts who governed "Burgos" and who were captured by King Ordo�o II "in riuo�Carrion, loco�Tebulare", dateable to [922/23] from the context of the passage[86].� �Regnante�Comite Fredinando Assuriz in Castella� is named in the dating clause of a charter dated 25 Feb 926, under which "Gomiz et uxor mea Maria" sold property to "Zaid"[87].� The dating clause of a charter dated 1 Oct 929, under which �Gomiz et uxor mea Maria� donated "vinea inter aditos de Karadigna et Escopella" to San Pedro de Carde�a, records �...comite Fredinando Assuriz in Castella�[88].� The dating clause of a charter dated 24 Nov 929, under which �Flamula� donated "situm in locum...Karadigna" to San Pedro de Carde�a, records �...comite Fredinando Assuriz in Castella�[89].� Conde de Campos.� m ([after Jan 914]) MUNIADOMNA, daughter of ---(-after 4 Mar 921).� �Fredinando Assuriz et uxor mea Momadonna et filio nostro Assur Fernandiz� donated �serna in locum...Riuo de Uena iusta ecclesie Sancte Eolalie� to San Pedro de Carde�a by charter dated 4 Mar 921, witnessed by �Assur, Obeco Nuniz, Tello...�[90].� She may have been Muniadomna, widow of Garc�a I King of Asturias and Le�n, daughter of Munio N��ez "el de Castrogeriz" Conde en Castilla & his wife [--- Rodr�guez de Castilla].� P�rez de Urbel says that this second marriage is not certain but "suspected"[91].� Conde Fernando & his wife had one child:�

a) ANSUR Fern�ndez (-after 24 Sep 946).� �Fredinando Assuriz et uxor mea Momadonna et filio nostro Assur Fernandiz� donated �serna in locum...Riuo de Uena iusta ecclesie Sancte Eolalie� to San Pedro de Carde�a by charter dated 4 Mar 921, witnessed by �Assur, Obeco Nuniz, Tello...�[92].� He confirmed the 28 Jan 929 donation of Conde Fernando Gonz�lez and his mother to the monastery of Santa Mar�a de Lara[93].� �Assur Fredinandiz comes et uxor mea Guntroda cum filiis nostris� donated �fontem...Aderata in termino de Sacramenia� to San Pedro de Carde�as by charter dated 26 Dec 943, witnessed by �Fredinando Assuriz, Obeco Assuriz, Munio Assuriz, Osorio Munnioz...Guttier Assuriz, Gundisalbo Assuriz...�[94].� Conde en Castilla: the dating clause of a charter dated 23 Aug 944, under which Ramiro II King of Le�n donated �terra qui condam extitit pumare de comite� to San Pedro de Carde�as, records �...comite Assur Fernandiz in Castella�[95].� "Comite Assuri Fredenandiz�in Castella" donated property to San Salvador de O�a by charter dated 22 Nov 944[96], although presumably this is a later fabrication as the monastery was only founded in the early 11th century.� "Ranimirus rex" donated property to Sahag�n by charter dated 29 Mar 945, subscribed by "�Assur Fernandiz, Aurelius Baroncelli"[97].� "Ranimiro rex" donated property to Sahag�n by charter dated 3 Apr 945, witnessed by "�Assuri Fredenandiz�"[98].� �...Ansur Fredenandiz, Fredenando Gontesalviz...� confirmed the charter dated 24 Sep 946 under which King Ramiro II donated "villa...Perales et Volpiare et Villa Rezmiro secundum obtinuit illas Gundisalbo Moniz" to Vega[99].� m GONTRODA, daughter of ---.� �Assur Fredinandiz comes et uxor mea Guntroda cum filiis nostris� donated �fontem...Aderata in termino de Sacramenia� to San Pedro de Carde�as by charter dated 26 Dec 943, witnessed by �Fredinando Assuriz, Obeco Assuriz, Munio Assuriz, Osorio Munnioz...Guttier Assuriz, Gundisalbo Assuriz...�[100].� Salazar Acha suggests that she may have been Gontroda N��ez, daughter of [Nu�o V�laz & his wife ---], for onomastics reasons only, the names of her children recalling those of her supposed brothers[101].� Ansur & his wife had seven children:�

i) FERNANDO Ans�rez (-after 23 Apr 978).� �Assur Fredinandiz comes et uxor mea Guntroda cum filiis nostris� donated �fontem...Aderata in termino de Sacramenia� to San Pedro de Carde�as by charter dated 26 Dec 943, witnessed by �Fredinando Assuriz, Obeco Assuriz, Munio Assuriz, Osorio Munnioz...Guttier Assuriz, Gundisalbo Assuriz...�[102].� The version of this charter reproduced by Berganza includes a different subscription list: "Ramirus Rex, Domna Toda, Fernandus Assuriz filius comitis, Oveco Assuriz, Munio Assuriz, Nuno Assuriz, Guter Assuriz, Gonzalo Assuriz, Domna Taresa filia comitis�"[103].� "Fernandus Ansurez comite in Montesson" donated "Villagutierrez Alvarez�inter Montem del Rey et Villaximenam" to the monastery of Santa Mar�a de Husillos by charter dated 26 Apr 950[104].� "Alfonsus�Hispani� Rex�cum conjuge mea regina Domina Berengaria", by undated charter, confirmed the different territories contributed by "Anrricus et Nunio Ansurez�suo germano Ferdinando Ansurez qui erat comite in Monteson�Gundisalus Ansurez�sua germana Domina Tarasia Regina et Rex Ramiro qui erat in Legione�" towards the foundation of the monastery of Santa Mar�a de Husillos dated 17 Sep 950[105].� "Fernandus et Gundisalvus Anxurez comites" defined the territory of the monastery of Santa Mar�a de Husillos founded by them by charter dated 17 Sep 950[106].� "Fernandus Ansurez comite in Monteson" donated "mea villa de Pallares�sita inter Grijota er riuum de Carrione" to the monastery of Santa Mar�a de Husillos by charter dated 24 Apr 955[107].� He played an important role at the court of Ordo�o III and Sancho I Kings of Le�n.� "Sanctius rex" donated property to the monastery of Sahag�n by charter dated 26 Apr 960, confirmed by "Tarasia, Gilvira Ranimiri prolis", signed by "�Fredinando Ansuriz�"[108].� "Fredenando Assuriz et uxor Tota" donated property to Sahag�n by charter dated 25 Aug 976"[109].� He also confirmed donations to the monastery of Sahag�n 17 Jun 950, 11 May 976, 16 Jun 977 and 23 Apr 978[110].� Conde de Monz�n.� He is named in a charter of Ramiro III King of Le�n dated 976[111].� m TODA, daughter of ---.� "Fredenando Assuriz et uxor Tota" donated property to Sahag�n by charter dated 25 Aug 976[112].� Fernando & his wife had one child:�

(a) ANSUR Fern�ndez (-after 24 Nov 978).� He confirmed documents in 970 and 972[113].� "�Asur Fernandez�" subscribed the charter dated 25 Dec 978 under which "Garsias Ferdinandez�cum coniuge mea Ava comitisa" founded the monastery of San Cosme y San Damian de Covarrubias, offering "filiam�nostram Urracam" as a nun there[114].�

ii) OVECO Ans�rez (-after 28 Jan 945).� �Assur Fredinandiz comes et uxor mea Guntroda cum filiis nostris� donated �fontem...Aderata in termino de Sacramenia� to San Pedro de Carde�as by charter dated 26 Dec 943, witnessed by �Fredinando Assuriz, Obeco Assuriz, Munio Assuriz, Osorio Munnioz...Guttier Assuriz, Gundisalbo Assuriz...�[115].� He confirmed the 28 Jan 945 donation of Fernando Garc�a Conde de Castilla to the monastery of San Mill�n[116].�

iii) ENRIQUE Ans�rez (-[after 17 Sep 950]).� "Alfonsus�Hispani� Rex�cum conjuge mea regina Domina Berengaria", by undated charter, confirmed the different territories contributed by "Anrricus et Nunio Ansurez�suo germano Ferdinando Ansurez qui erat comite in Monteson�Gundisalus Ansurez�sua germana Domina Tarasia Regina et Rex Ramiro qui erat in Legione�" towards the foundation of the monastery of Santa Mar�a de Husillos dated 17 Sep 950[117].�

iv) MUNIO Ans�rez (-[after 17 Sep 950]).� �Assur Fredinandiz comes et uxor mea Guntroda cum filiis nostris� donated �fontem...Aderata in termino de Sacramenia� to San Pedro de Carde�as by charter dated 26 Dec 943, witnessed by �Fredinando Assuriz, Obeco Assuriz, Munio Assuriz, Osorio Munnioz...Guttier Assuriz, Gundisalbo Assuriz...�[118].� He confirmed the 945 donation of Fernando Garc�a Conde de Castilla to the monastery of San Miguel de Pedroso[119].� "Alfonsus�Hispani� Rex�cum conjuge mea regina Domina Berengaria", by undated charter, confirmed the different territories contributed by "Anrricus et Nunio Ansurez�suo germano Ferdinando Ansurez qui erat comite in Monteson�Gundisalus Ansurez�sua germana Domina Tarasia Regina et Rex Ramiro qui erat in Legione�" towards the foundation of the monastery of Santa Mar�a de Husillos dated 17 Sep 950[120].� "Nunius Ansurez" to the monastery of Santa Mar�a de Husillos dated 18 Sep 957[121].�

v) [NU�O Ans�rez (-after 26 Dec 943).� �Assur Fredinandiz comes et uxor mea Guntroda cum filiis nostris� donated �fontem...Aderata in termino de Sacramenia� to San Pedro de Carde�as by charter dated 26 Dec 943, witnessed by �Fredinando Assuriz, Obeco Assuriz, Munio Assuriz, Osorio Munnioz...Guttier Assuriz, Gundisalbo Assuriz...�[122].� The version of this charter reproduced by Berganza includes a different subscription list: "Ramirus Rex, Domna Toda, Fernandus Assuriz filius comitis, Oveco Assuriz, Munio Assuriz, Nuno Assuriz, Guter Assuriz, Gonzalo Assuriz, Domna Taresa filia comitis�"[123].� No other reference has been found to Nu�o Ans�rez, so it is not certain whether he existed.]

vi) GUTIERRE Ans�rez (-after 26 Dec 943).� �Assur Fredinandiz comes et uxor mea Guntroda cum filiis nostris� donated �fontem...Aderata in termino de Sacramenia� to San Pedro de Carde�as by charter dated 26 Dec 943, witnessed by �Fredinando Assuriz, Obeco Assuriz, Munio Assuriz, Osorio Munnioz...Guttier Assuriz, Gundisalbo Assuriz...�[124].� m ---.� The name of Gutierre's wife is not known.� Gutierre & his wife had one child:

(a) FERNANDO Guti�rrez (-after 1029).�

vii) GONZALO Ans�rez (-after 15 May 984).� �Assur Fredinandiz comes et uxor mea Guntroda cum filiis nostris� donated �fontem...Aderata in termino de Sacramenia� to San Pedro de Carde�as by charter dated 26 Dec 943, witnessed by �Fredinando Assuriz, Obeco Assuriz, Munio Assuriz, Osorio Munnioz...Guttier Assuriz, Gundisalbo Assuriz...�[125].� �Assur Fernandez comes et uxor mea Guntroda cum filiis nostris� donated property to San Pedro de Carde�as by charter dated 7 Dec 943, witnessed by "Ramirus Rex, Domna Toda, Fernandus Assuriz filius comitis, Oveco Assuriz, Munio Assuriz, Nuno Assuriz, Guter Assuriz, Gonzalo Assuriz, Domna Taresa filia comitis�"[126].� "Gundisalvus Ansurez comite in Montesson" donated Sahag�n to the monastery of Santa Mar�a de Husillos by charter dated 26 Apr 947[127].� "Alfonsus�Hispani� Rex�cum conjuge mea regina Domina Berengaria", by undated charter, confirmed the different territories contributed by "Anrricus et Nunio Ansurez�suo germano Ferdinando Ansurez qui erat comite in Monteson�Gundisalus Ansurez�sua germana Domina Tarasia Regina et Rex Ramiro qui erat in Legione�" towards the foundation of the monastery of Santa Mar�a de Husillos dated 17 Sep 950[128].� "Fernandus et Gundisalvus Anxurez comites" defined the territory of the monastery of Santa Mar�a de Husillos founded by them by charter dated 17 Sep 950[129].� He confirmed the 7 Sep 972 document relating to property arrangements at Covarrubias for the monastery of San Cosme y San Dami�n, and the 15 May 984 donation of Calzadilla de Cueza[130].�

viii) TERESA Ans�rez (-after 997).� �Assur Fredinandiz comes et uxor mea Guntroda cum filiis nostris� donated �fontem...Aderata in termino de Sacramenia� to San Pedro de Carde�as by charter dated 26 Dec 943, witnessed by �Fredinando Assuriz, Obeco Assuriz, Munio Assuriz, Osorio Munnioz...Guttier Assuriz, Gundisalbo Assuriz...�[131].� The version of this charter reproduced by Berganza includes a different subscription list: "Ramirus Rex, Domna Toda, Fernandus Assuriz filius comitis, Oveco Assuriz, Munio Assuriz, Nuno Assuriz, Guter Assuriz, Gonzalo Assuriz, Domna Taresa filia comitis�"[132].� The Historia Silense names "Teresa regina" as mother of King Ramiro III[133].� "Alfonsus�Hispani� Rex�cum conjuge mea regina Domina Berengaria", by undated charter, confirmed the different territories contributed by "Anrricus et Nunio Ansurez�suo germano Ferdinando Ansurez qui erat comite in Monteson�Gundisalus Ansurez�sua germana Domina Tarasia Regina et Rex Ramiro qui erat in Legione�" towards the foundation of the monastery of Santa Mar�a de Husillos dated 17 Sep 950[134].� "Sanctius rex" donated property to the monastery of Sahag�n by charter dated 26 Apr 960, confirmed by "Tarasia, Gilvira Ranimiri prolis"[135].� The Chronicon Regum Legionensium names "Teresa" as the wife of "King Sancho", when reporting their reburial in light of the threatened invasion of the kingdom of Le�n and Asturias by Al-Mansur[136].� �Ranemirus...rex...cum amita et nutrice mea Geloira deodicata...et genitrice Tarasia deouota� donated �de comitatu de Mera III, de Nallare IV...et Parriga media et IV de comitato Nemitos� to Sobrado by charter dated 17 Sep 968[137].� �Ranemirus rex...cum genitrice mea Tarasia regina et Christi ancilla� confirmed the donation of �Parriga media...Mera media, quarta in Nallare, quarta in Nemitos, media Marzola, Vendurio medio� to Sobrado by charter dated 18 Jul 978[138].� After her son's defeat, she took refuge in Oviedo where she arranged her grandson's marriage with the son of Queen Velasquita, also exiled in Oviedo[139].� m (before 26 Apr 960) SANCHO I �el Craso� King of Le�n, son of RAMIRO II King of Le�n & his first wife Adosinda Guti�rrez (-murdered Dec 966).�

2. RODANIO Ans�rez .� Abbot.�

D.�� CONDES en CASTILLA, descendants of MUNIO N��ez

1. [NU�O N��ez "Rasura", son of NU�O & his wife --- .� He is named in the 12th century Cr�nica Najerense as one of the original judges appointed by Alfonso II King of Asturias to govern Castile[140].� The Chronicon de Carde�a records the appointment by �los Castellanos [de] dos Alcaydes Nu�o Rasuera � Lain Calvo� during the reign of King Fruela, adding that �el Conde Ferran Gonzalez� descended from the former[141].� Mart�nez D�ez classifies the existence of these judges as �legendario, producto de la creaci�n literaria, sin ning�n apoyo cron�stico coet�neo ni documental�[142], which suggests that Nu�o N��ez �Rasura� may not be a historical person at all.� m ---.� The name of Nu�o�s wife is not known.� Nu�o & his wife had [one child]:�

a) [TERESA N��ez .� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos records that "Lain Calvo" married "D. Teresa Nu�ez, hija de Nu�o Rasura"[143].� However, this source is of doubtful reliability for the early generations.� m LA�N Calvo, son of ....] �

1. MUNIO N��ez "�l de Bra�osera" .� P�rez de Urbel that Munio N��ez may have been the same person as Nu�o N��ez �Rasura�[144], although the names "Nu�o" and "Munio" were different.� �Monnio Nunnez et uxor mea Argilo� granted rights to Bra�osera by charter dated 13 Oct 824, confirmed by �Gundisalvo Fernandiz comite� who names them as �avi mei�, further confirmed by �Fernando Gundisalviz comite et uxor mea Urraca�, and further confirmed by �Sancio Garcianez comes� who names �meos avos Gundisalvo Fernandiz et Fernando Gundisalvez�[145].� Bra�osera is within the jurisdiction of Aguilar de Campoo, west of the source of the river Ebro in the lower mountains of Burgos[146].� m ARGILO, daughter of --- .� �Monnio Nunnez et uxor mea Argilo� granted rights to Bra�osera by charter dated 13 Oct 824, the same document including a charter dated 912 under which �Gundisalvo Fernandiz comite� confirmed these rights granted by �avii mei Monnio Nunniz et Argilo�, as well as a charter dated 1 Apr �Era TVI� under which �Fernando Gundisalviz comite et uxor mea Urracha� confirmed the rights granted by �avi mei Monnio Nunniz et de Argilo�[147].� Munio & his wife had [one child]:�

a) [NU�O N��ez .� �Monnio Nunnez et uxor mea Argilo� granted rights to Bra�osera by charter dated 13 Oct 824, the same document including a charter dated 912 under which �Gundisalvo Fernandiz comite� confirmed these rights granted by �avii mei Monnio Nunniz et Argilo�, as well as a charter dated 1 Apr �Era TVI� under which �Fernando Gundisalviz comite et uxor mea Urracha� confirmed the rights granted by �avi mei Monnio Nunniz et de Argilo�[148].� This document indicates that Munio N��ez and his wife were �avi� of Gonzalo Fern�ndez, normally translated as grandparents.� However, �avi� is also used in the same document to describe the relationship between Munio N��ez and his more remote descendant Fernando Gonz�lez and in that case evidently indicates a more distant connection.� It is possible therefore that the word was used in both places to indicate �ancestor�.� The patronymic �N��ez� of the two supposed brothers Munio and Fernando indicates that their father was �Nu�o� not �Munio�: these two names were distinct in the 9th to 12th century in the Iberian peninsular as shown by numerous examples of nobles with these names who are set out in the document ASTURIAS, GALICIA, LE�N NOBILITY.� An intervening generation is therefore likely between Munio N��ez ��l de Bra�osera� and Munio N��ez ��l de Castrojeriz�.� If this is correct, no direct reference has been found to Nu�o N��ez in his own capacity.� m ---.� Nu�o & his wife had two children:]�

i) MUNIO N��ez "�l de Castrojeriz" (-after 910).� The Chronicon Albeldense records the desertion of �castrum...Sigerici� [Castrojeriz] by �Munio filius Nunni� on the arrival of the Muslims in 882[149].� The Chronicon Albeldense records in 883 that the Muslims captured �castellum Sigerici�[150].� ["�Pelagius comes, Froila comes, Lucidius comes, Erus Fredernandi, Ascarius, Petrus, Munio Muniz comes, Osorio comes, Gundesaluus comes�" subscribed the charter dated 6 May 899 under which Alfonso III King of Asturias consecrated the church of Santiago de Compstela[151].� �...Munio Muniz comes...� has not otherwise been identified.� He may have been Munio N��ez, although most of the other subscribers can be identified as Galician.]� He is referred to as Conde en Castilla 1 Mar 899, 1 Feb 909 and 23 Jul 909, although he was probably not in control of the whole county[152].� The dating clause of a charter dated 1 Mar 899 records �rex Adefonso in Obieto et comite Munnio Nuniz in Castella et comite Gundissalbo Fernandiz in Uurgos�[153].� He is referred to as father-in-law of Garc�a de Asturias in Xim�nez de Rada, suspected of preparing a rebellion against King Alfonso III in 910 and placing his son-in-law on the throne[154].� [Maybe m --- Rodr�guez de Castilla, daughter of RODRIGO Conde en Castilla & his wife ---.� This marriage is not referred to in P�rez de Urbel.� It may be speculative in an attempt to explain the nomination of Nu�o as Conde de Castilla, although it is not certain that his appointment was due to family connections.]� Nu�o & his wife had [two] children:�

(a) NU�O N��ez "�l de Roa" (-after [914/15]).� Conde en Castilla 914/15.� The Annales Complutense record that �Munio Nunniz� populated �Roda� in 912[155].� �Didaco Rodaniz et uxor mea Tarasia� restored the monastery of San Andr�s de Boada in Roa, the properties defined in relation to property which �fuit de Munnio Nunnez comite et uxor illius�, by charter dated 1 Mar 937[156].�

(b) [MUNIADOMNA (-after 13 Oct 913, maybe after 4 Mar 921).� Her parentage is indicated by the Cronica de Sampiro which names "socer�eius [=Garsea] Nunio" when recording his rebellion, implying from the context of the passage that the marriage took place before her husband's accession[157].� The Cronica de Sampiro (interpolated, Espa�a Sagrada edition) names Garc�a�s father-in-law �Munio Fredinandi�[158].� From a chonological point of view, no suitable Munio Fern�ndez has been identified among the condes en Castilla and it appears more likely that Muniadomna�s father was Munio N��ez.� "Garsea princeps et Mumma domna regina" donated certain churches to Eslonza monastery by charter dated 30 Aug 912[159].� "Garseas Rex�cum uxore mea Munia domina" donated certain towns to Eslonza monastery by charter dated 13 Oct 913[160].� "Garseani�rex�cum congugie mea Muma doma regina" donated certain the town of Mutarraf to Eslonza monastery by charter dated 13 May 923 (presumably misdated), confirmed by "Ranimirus, Urraca regina�Gutierre Memendiz, Sesebutus Petri�"[161].� P�rez de Urbel says that her second marriage is not certain but "suspected"[162].� �Fredinando Assuriz et uxor mea Momadonna et filio nostro Assur Fernandiz� donated �serna in locum...Riuo de Uena iusta ecclesie Sancte Eolalie� to San Pedro de Carde�a by charter dated 4 Mar 921, witnessed by �Assur, Obeco Nuniz, Tello...�[163].� m [firstly] (before 910) GARC�A de Asturias, son of ALFONSO III "el Magno" King of Asturias & his wife Jimena --- ([871]-Zamora 19 Jan 914, bur [Oviedo]).� He succeeded his father in 910 as GARC�A I King of Asturias and Le�n.� [m secondly FERNANDO Ans�rez, son of ANSUR --- & his wife --- (-930 or after).� Conde en Castilla 927-930.]�

ii) FERNANDO N��ez "Niger/�l de Castrosiero" (-after 870).� His parentage is deduced from the charter which records that �Monnio Nunnez et uxor mea Argilo� granted rights to Bra�osera dated 13 Oct 824, that �Gundisalvo Fernandiz comite� confirmed these rights granted by �avii mei Monnio Nunniz et Argilo� dated 912, and that �Fernando Gundisalviz comite et uxor mea Urracha� confirmed the rights granted by �avi mei Monnio Nunniz et de Argilo� dated 1 Apr �Era TVI�[164].�

-�� see below.�

FERNANDO N��ez "Niger/�l de Castrosiero", son of [NU�O N��ez & his wife ---] (-after 870).� His parentage is deduced from the charter which records that �Monnio Nunnez et uxor mea Argilo� granted rights to Bra�osera dated 13 Oct 824, that �Gundisalvo Fernandiz comite� confirmed these rights granted by �avii mei Monnio Nunniz et Argilo� dated 912, and that �Fernando Gundisalviz comite et uxor mea Urracha� confirmed the rights granted by �avi mei Monnio Nunniz et de Argilo� dated 1 Apr �Era TVI�[165].�

m GUTINA D�az, daughter of [DIEGO Rodr�guez "Porcelos" Conde de Castilla & his [first/second] wife ---].� P�rez de Urbel emphasises that there is no proof of Gutina's parentage.� However, it is suggested by her grandson conde Fernando Gonz�lez confirming donations to San F�lix made by conde Diego Rodr�guez[166].�

Fernando & his wife had [four] children:�

1. GONZALO Fern�ndez de Lara (-after [932], bur Cereso de R�o Tir�n).� The dating clause of a charter dated 1 Mar 899 records �rex Adefonso in Obieto et comite Munnio Nuniz in Castella et comite Gundissalbo Fernandiz in Uurgos�[167].� Conde en Burgos.� His letter dated 912 to the town of Bra�osera confirmed the rights granted by his paternal grandparents whom he names[168].� He built the castle of Lara in 902[169].� Conde en Castilla: the dating clause of a charter dated 1 Sep 912 records �Garsea principe in Legione et Gundissalbo Fernandiz in Castella�[170].� The Annales Complutense record that �Gunzalvo Fernandez� populated �Cozca et Clunia et S. Stephanum� in 912[171].� He is last mentioned in Castile in 916[172].� He may have been banished to Navarre from 920 to 930, a "Gundisalvus comes" witnessing royal Navarrese documents during this period[173], although if this is correct it is surprising that his wife did not accompany him, established as she was in the castle of Lara during that time.� "�Nunus Guter, Lucidus Vimarine, Didacus Federnandici, Gundisaluus Betonice...Gundisaluus, Guincaluus Ferdinandiz, Federnandus Ansuriz, Gudesteus�" subscribed the charter dated to [922] which records an agreement between the bishops of Lugo and Santiago �pro commissos Prucios et Visancos�[174].� �Gundesalbo Fernandez...� witnessed the charter dated 27 Jun 931 under which Alfonso IV King of Le�n donated "Uilla Frida...usque in flumen Aslanzon" to San Pedro de Carde�a[175].� "Gundisalvus Fredinandiz comes" witnessed a 932 donation, signing immediately after King Ramiro II and before "Fredenandus comes" (presumed to be Fernando Gonz�lez), P�rez de Urbel suggesting that this is the same person as Gonzalo Fern�ndez de Lara[176].� m (before 912) MUNIADOMNA, daughter of --- (-[5 Aug 935/938], bur Santa Mar�a de Lara).� "Momadonna cometessa" donated property to the monastery of Santa Mar�a de Lara, confirmed by her sons "Fredinando Gundisalviz, Ramiro Gundisalviz", by charter dated 28 Jan 929[177].� The origin of Muniadomna is unknown.� P�rez de Urbel suggests that she was Muniadomna, daughter of Ramiro de Asturias titular King of Le�n & his wife Urraca ---, based on her supposed mother being present in the castle of Lara, which belonged to Muniadomna, when she witnessed two charters in 927.� He also points out the apparent corroboration from the naming of her second son after his supposed maternal grandfather.� Muniadomna is referred to as "comitissima", and her descendants referred to in Arab sources as the "Banu Muma" as a tribute to her exceptional character, which may also suggest an illustrious ancestry[178].� �Moma Donna cometissa...cum filiis meis, quorum nomina subter exarata fiunt� donated property to the monastery of San Mill�n de Belbimbre by charter dated 1 Feb 929 (the dating clause stating �regnante...comite Fredinando Gundesalviz in Castella�), witnessed by �Fredinando Gundesalviz, Ramiro Gundesalviz...�[179].� �Munia dona et filius meus Ferrandus proles Gundesalvi� established the territory of the se�or�o de Lara by charter dated 1 Jan 931[180].� �Mumadomna cometissa...cum filio meo Fredinando Gundissalbiz...comes et uxor sua domna Sancia seu neptis meis Gundissalbo Fernandiz vel Sanzio Fernandiz� donated �locum...Balzaramio...� to San Pedro de Carde�as by charter dated 5 Aug 935, witnessed by "Abolmondar Sarraziniz, Munnio Bellitiz, Muza iben Galeph, Beila Telliz..."[181].� Gonzalo & his wife had two children:�

a) FERNANDO Gonz�lez ([910]-Jun 970, bur Monastery of Arlanza).� "Momadonna cometessa" donated property to the monastery of Santa Mar�a de Lara, confirmed by her sons "Fredinando Gundisalviz, Ramiro Gundisalviz", by charter dated 28 Jan 929[182].� His parentage is confirmed by the charter of his grandson Sancho Garc�a Conde de Castilla in which the latter names his paternal ancestors as far back as Munio N��ez and his wife Argila[183].� Conde de Castilla.�

-�� see below.�

b) RAMIRO Gonz�lez (-[1 Feb 929/1 Jan 930]).� "Momadonna cometessa" donated property to the monastery of Santa Mar�a de Lara, confirmed by her sons "Fredinando Gundisalviz, Ramiro Gundisalviz", by charter dated 28 Jan 929[184].� �Moma Donna cometissa...cum filiis meis, quorum nomina subter exarata fiunt� donated property to the monastery of San Mill�n de Belbimbre by charter dated 1 Feb 929 (the dating clause stating �regnante...comite Fredinando Gundesalviz in Castella�), witnessed by �Fredinando Gundesalviz, Ramiro Gundesalviz...�[185].� He has not been identified in later documents, which suggests that he may have died soon after.� In particular, he is not named in the charter dated 1 Jan 931 under which his mother and brother �Munia dona et filius meus Ferrandus proles Gundesalvi� established the territory of the se�or�o de Lara[186].�

2. [RODRIGO Fern�ndez (-after 25 Feb 926).� Conde [en Castilla]: �Roderico Fredinandiz comite, Nunu Fredinandiz comite, Garseza, Didaco Nebzan, Ruderico Munnioz�� witnessed the charter dated 25 Feb 926, which records the union of the monasteries of Santa Mar�a del Campo, San Mart�n del Rio, Santa Cruz and Santa Coloma, the dating clause of which records "�Comite Nunu Fredinandiz in Castella"[187].]�

3. NU�O Fern�ndez (-after 1 May 932).� Conde en Castilla: the dating clause of a charter dated 3 Feb 921, under which �Gundissalbus Didaci comite filius et uxor mea domna Maria� donated �molinis...aqua de Ebeia et de Arlanzon...� to San Pedro de Carde�a, records �...comite Nunu Fernandiz in Castella�[188].� Conde en Burgos: the dating clause of a charter dated 922, under which �Domna Ositia� sold property to San Pedro de Carde�as, names "�Comite Domno Nunu in Burgos"[189].� The Cronica de Sampiro names "Nunius Fredenandi, Abolmondar Albus et suus filius Didacus, et Fredenandi Ansuri filius" as those counts who governed "Burgos" and who were captured by King Ordo�o II "in riuo�Carrion, loco�Tebulare", dateable to [922/23] from the context of the passage[190].� �Roderico Fredinandiz comite, Nunu Fredinandiz comite, Garseza, Didaco Nebzan, Ruderico Munnioz�� witnessed the charter dated 25 Feb 926, which records the union of the monasteries of Santa Mar�a del Campo, San Mart�n del Rio, Santa Cruz and Santa Coloma, the dating clause of which records "�Comite Nunu Fredinandiz in Castella"[191].� A charter dated 1 May 932 records the judgment in a dispute involving the monastery of Carde�as, in the presence of �comite Fredinando Gundissalbiz et suo alfieriz Gomiz Didaz et de Nunu Fernandez et de Munio Gundisalbiz et de Fredinando Didaz et de Albaro Munnioz�, the dating clause of which names "�comite Fredinando Gundisalviz in Castella"[192].� m ---.� The name of Nu�o's wife is not known.� Nu�o & his wife had one child:

a) [193]DIEGO N��ez .� m ---.� The name of Diego's wife is not known.� Diego & his wife had one child:

i) [194]FRONILDE D�az .�

4. [FL�MULA (-after 24 Nov 929).� �Gundissalbo Telliz...cum uxor mea Flamula� donated �serna...in Peternales� to San Pedro de Carde�as by charter dated 24 Sep 902, subscribed by �...Gutterre, Assuri, Beila Nuniz��[195].� �Gundissalbo Telliz et uxor mea Flamula� donated its church to �sanctorum Georgii et Sanctii Ihoannis...in supurbio...Cerasio� by charter dated 25 Oct 913[196].� �Gundissalbo Telliz et uxor mea Flamba� donated �serna...in villa per suos terminos, de una parte flumine Uena...� to San Pedro de Carde�a by charter dated 25 Feb 915[197].� �Flamula� donated "situm in locum...Karadigna...Peternales iusta atrium Sancta Lucidia" to San Pedro de Carde�a, for the soul of �domno meo Gundissalbo Telliz�, by charter dated 24 Nov 929, the dating clause of which records �...comite Fredinando Assuriz in Castella�, witnessed by �...Sanzio Ennecoz, Munnio Obecoz, Didaco Obecoz...�[198].� Her parentage is suggested because her supposed sister-in-law Muniadomna and supposed nephew, Fernando Gonz�lez, confirmed documents of Fl�mula after the death of her husband[199].� m GONZALO T�llez, son of TELLO --- (-[25 Feb 915/24 Nov 929]).� Conde en Lantar�n.� Conde en Castilla.]

E.�� OTHER CONDES en CASTILLA

1. GUNDESINDO (-after 30 Nov 816, bur [San Vicente de Fistoles]).� Conde.� �Gundesindus comes� donated property, including �villa...Erunia cum suo monasterio Sancte Eulalie...villa...Bao et Tulex et...Lencres...�, to the monastery of San Vicente de Fistoles where he wished to be buried by charter dated 30 Nov 816, subscribed by �Silo cognomento Breto...�[200].�

1. ODOARIO (-[after 20 Jan 915]).� Conde [de Castilla y Auca].� The Cronica de Sampiro (interpolated, Espa�a Sagrada edition), after quoting Papal correspondence relating to Santiago de Compostela, records a council held in Oviedo dated 7 May 899 in the presence of all the bishops and �Alvarus Lunensis comes, Veremundus Legionensis comes, Sarracinus Astoric� et Verizo comes, Veremundus Torrensis comes, Berotus in Deza comes, Ermenegildus Tud� et Portugal� comes, Arias filius eius Eminio comes, Pelagius Breganci� comes, Odoarius Castell� et Auc� comes, Silus Prucii comes, Erus in Lugo comes�[201].� The territorial attributions are atypical of contemporary documentation which suggests that the charter is spurious.� However, many of the names are recognizable as noblemen who are recorded at that time in other documents.� �...Odoarius Castell� et Auc� comes...� has not otherwise been identified.� ["�Lucidus, Nunus, Didacus, Munius, Sarracenus...Oduarius, Froila, Vimara, Auriolus�" subscribed the charter dated 30 Jan 915 under which Ordo�o II King of Le�n donated �villiam...Cornelianam territorio Gallecie� to Santiago de Compostela[202].� It is not certain that �Oduarius� in this subscription list is the same person as the earlier Conde Odoario.]�

1. GUTIERRE N��ez (-after 1 Mar 931).� Conde en Burgos.� The dating clause of a charter dated 1 Mar 931, under which �Barbellas� donated "terra in...Peternales" to San Pedro de Carde�a, records �...comite Guttier Nuniz in Burgos�[203].�

F.�� CONDES de CASTILLA 932-1035

FERNANDO Gonz�lez, son of GONZALO Fern�ndez Conde de Castilla & his wife Muniadomna --- ([910]-Jun 970, bur Monastery of Arlanza[204]).� "Momadonna cometessa" donated property to the monastery of Santa Mar�a de Lara, confirmed by her sons "Fredinando Gundisalviz, Ramiro Gundisalviz", by charter dated 28 Jan 929[205].� His parentage is confirmed by the charter of his grandson Sancho Garc�a Conde de Castilla in which the latter names his paternal ancestors as far back as Munio N��ez & his wife Argila[206].� A legend of his kidnap as a young child is commemorated in the 13th century "Poema de Fern�n Gonz�lez"[207].� Conde de Castilla.� �Moma Donna cometissa...cum filiis meis, quorum nomina subter exarata fiunt� donated property to the monastery of San Mill�n de Belbimbre by charter dated 1 Feb 929 (the dating clause stating �regnante...comite Fredinando Gundesalviz in Castella�), witnessed by �Fredinando Gundesalviz, Ramiro Gundesalviz...�[208].� "Comes Ferdinandus Gundisalui et uxor mea Sancia" donated property to the monastery of San Quirice de los Ausines by charter dated 30 Apr 929 [must be misdated considering the date of death of Sancha�s second husband][209].� A charter dated 1 May 932 records the judgment in a dispute involving the monastery of Carde�as, in the presence of �comite Fredinando Gundissalbiz et suo alfieriz Gomiz Didaz et de Nunu Fernandez et de Munio Gundisalbiz et de Fredinando Didaz et de Albaro Munnioz�, the dating clause of which names "�comite Fredinando Gundisalviz in Castella"[210].� �Mumadomna cometissa...cum filio meo Fredinando Gundissalbiz...comes et uxor sua domna Sancia seu neptis meis Gundissalbo Fernandiz vel Sanzio Fernandiz� donated �locum...Balzaramio...� to San Pedro de Carde�as by charter dated 5 Aug 935, witnessed by "Abolmondar Sarraziniz, Munnio Bellitiz, Muza iben Galeph, Beila Telliz..."[211].� During his rule, he united the territory of Castile into a single county, incorporating in particular Lantar�n in 935, Cerezo and Gra��n in 936[212].� The dating clause of a charter dated 18 Feb 935, under which �Gutier� sold �vinea in Liciniana� to the bishop of Valpuesta, records �regnante domino Ranemiri et comite Fredenando Gundesalbiz in Lantarone�[213].� Following the humiliating peace imposed on the kingdom of Navarre by Abd al-Rahman III Caliph of C�rdoba in 934, the Caliph invaded Castile, sacking Burgos and destroying the monastery of San Pedro de Carde�a before moving into the territory of Le�n[214].� However, Conde Fernando allied himself with Ramiro II King of Le�n and Queen Toda regent of Navarre, their combined forces defeating the Caliph's troops at Alhandega/al-Khandaq, near Simancas in 939.� "Fredinando Gondissalvez tocius Castelle comes" donated property to the monastery of San Mill�n de la Cogolla by charter dated 938, confirmed by "Gondissalvo Fredinandez, Sancio Fredinandez�"[215].� Conde Fernando exploited this victory by recapturing Sep�lveda in 940[216].� �Comes Fredinandus Gundisalviz cum uxore mea Sanzia comitissa et cum filiis meis Gundisalvus Fredinandi et Garsea Fredinandi et Sancio Fredinandi et Munio Fredinandi et domna Fronilde� donated the monastery of San Miguel de Javilla to San Pedro de Carde�as by charter dated 941, witnessed by �Sarracenus, Bermudo Fannez, Gundisalvo de Aza...�[217].� The Cronica de Sampiro records that "Fredenandus Gundissalui et Didacus Munionis" rebelled against King Ramiro II, who captured them and imprisoned them "unum in Legione, alterum in Gordone"[218], dated to [943/44] by Torres[219], although their imprisonment was short-lived.� "Fredinando comes�cum uxore mea�Sancia cometissa" donated property to the monastery of San Mill�n de la Cogolla by charter dated 944, confirmed by "�Gundissalvo Fernandez, Sancio Fernandez, Garcia Fernandez�"[220].� "Ranimiro rex" donated property to Sahag�n by charter dated 3 Apr 945, witnessed by "Fredenandus Gundesalviz�"[221].� "Ranimiro rex" donated property to Sahag�n by charter dated 3 Apr 945, witnessed by "�Fernando Gudisalviz, Gundisalvo Fredenandi�"[222].� �...Ansur Fredenandiz, Fredenando Gontesalviz...� confirmed the charter dated 24 Sep 946 under which King Ramiro II donated "villa...Perales et Volpiare et Villa Rezmiro secundum obtinuit illas Gundisalbo Moniz" to Vega[223].� The Cronica de Sampiro records that "avunculo suo�Garsiano rege Pampilonensium, necnon Fredenandus Gundissalui Burgensium comes" helped Sancho in his rebellion against Ordo�o III King of Le�n[224].� Conde in �lava: the dating clause of a charter dated to [952], under which �Tellu presbiter� donated half his property to Valpuesta, records �regnante...comite Fredenando Gondesalbiz in Alaba et in Castella�[225].� Caliph Abd al-Rahman's troops launched further raids against Galicia and Castile between 953 and 955, but were defeated by Conde Fernando near San Esteban de Gormaz in 955[226].� Conde Fernando became embroiled in the civil war in Le�n, supporting in turn King Sancho I and later his son-in-law King Ordo�o IV, but was captured by troops from Navarre at N�jera in 960[227].� After being released by Urraca de Navarra, whom he married, he formed an alliance with Navarre and Barcelona against Caliph Al-Hakam II.� The alliance was unsuccessful and Conde Fernando lost San Esteban de Gormaz and Atienza to the Caliph's troops[228].� Although Castile was considerably weakened by Muslim attacks during the last years of his rule, Conde Fernando had been a dynamic leader who established the full autonomy of the county of Castile, and competently defended it against Muslim incursions.� His exploits are commemorated in vernacular Castilian romances[229].� "Fredinando Gundissalviz comite�cum filio eius Munio Fredinandiz" confirmed a donation of property at Montorio to the monastery of San Adrian y San Miguel Arcangel by charter dated 6 May 968[230].� The Chronicon Burgense records the death in 970 of �comes Fernandus Gundisalvi�[231].�

m firstly ([932]) as her third husband, SANCHA S�nchez de Navarra, widow firstly of ORDO�O II King of Le�n and secondly of �LVARO Herr�meliz Conde en �lava, daughter of SANCHO I Garces King of Navarre & his second wife Toda Azn�rez de Larra�n (after 900-[9 Jun 952/29 Nov 955]).� The Codex de Roda names "Garsea rex et domna Onneca et domna Sanzia et domna Urraca�domna Belasquita, necnon et domna Orbita" as the children of "Sanzio Garseanis" and his wife "Tota Asnari", stating that Sancha married "Ordonii imperatoris, postea�Albaro Harramelliz de Alaba, demumque�Fredenando comitis"[232].� "Fredenando Gundisalviz et uxor mea Sancia" donated property to the abbey of Silos by charter dated 3 Jun 919 (although this must be misdated), confirmed by "Munio Didace, Sarracine Scemonoz, Garcie Ben�emalo�e, Frande Arguisso, Garcie Alvarez"[233].� "Comes Ferdinandus Gundisalui et uxor mea Sancia" donated property to the monastery of San Quirice de los Ausines by charter dated 30 Apr 929 [must be misdated considering the date of death of Sancha�s second husband][234].� �Mumadomna cometissa...cum filio meo Fredinando Gundissalbiz...comes et uxor sua domna Sancia seu neptis meis Gundissalbo Fernandiz vel Sanzio Fernandiz� donated �locum...Balzaramio...� to San Pedro de Carde�as by charter dated 5 Aug 935[235].� �Comes Fredinandus Gundisalviz cum uxore mea Sanzia comitissa et cum filiis meis Gundisalvus Fredinandi et Garsea Fredinandi et Sancio Fredinandi et Munio Fredinandi et domna Fronilde� donated the monastery of San Miguel de Javilla to San Pedro de Carde�as by charter dated 941[236].� "Fredinando comes�cum uxore mea�Sancia cometissa" donated property to the monastery of San Mill�n de la Cogolla by charter dated 944, confirmed by "�Gundissalvo Fernandez, Sancio Fernandez, Garcia Fernandez�"[237].�

m secondly (before 29 Nov [955]) as her first husband, URRACA, daughter of --- (-12 Jul 1041).� "Comite Fredinando Gondessalvez et cometessa domna Urraca" are named as present in a charter dated 29 Nov [955] which relates a dispute about exemptions and fines[238].� According to Europ�ische Stammtafeln[239], she was Urraca de Navarra, daughter of Garc�a III S�nchez King of Navarre & [his second wife Teresa ---], but the primary source which confirms that this is right has not yet been identified.� Del Pino assumes that this parentage is correct when he records that Urraca took the initiative to free Fernando Gonz�lez Conde de Castilla, captured by the forces of King Garc�a III in 960, married him and escaped to Burgos[240].� She is not named in any of the documents in the compilation relating to the county of Castile[241].� "Willelmus Sancius comes et dominus totius Vasconie, cum Urraca sua muliere" donated the church of Sainte-Susanne to the abbey of Saint-Jean de Sorde by undated charter[242].� According to Europ�ische Stammtafeln[243], she married secondly (after 14 Jul 972) Guillaume S�nchez Comte de Gascogne.� The primary source which confirms her second marriage has not yet been identified either, although the charter dated 992 under which Sancho King of Navarre donated property to the monastery of San Mill�n de la Cogolla is signed, among others, by "�Sancio filius Gogelmi comitis�" (apparently Urraca's son by this second marriage)[244], King Sancho being the brother of Urraca de Navarra.� "Willelmus Sancius comes et dominus totius Vasconie, cum Urraca sua muliere" donated the church of Sainte-Susanne to the abbey of Saint-Jean de Sorde by undated charter[245].� "Willelmus Sancius comes et dominus totius Vasconie, cum Urraca sua muliere" donated the church of Sainte-Susanne to the abbey of Saint-Jean de Sorde by undated charter[246].� The Historia Abbati� Condomensis quotes a charter dated 29 Jul 1011 under which "Ugo�Pr�sul, secundum lineam carnis eidem Duci propinquis et affinis" donated property to the convent of Condom, for the souls of "meorumque parentum, item Garsi�-Sanctii Comitis et filii sui Sanctii-Garsi� Comitis, et Guillermi-Sanctii Comitis et Gimbaldi Episcopi, et Guillelmi Comitis, et Garsi� Comitis, et Bernardi-Guillelmi Comitis, et Urach� Comitiss�"[247].� She died before 3 Apr [1009], the date of the charter under which her son "Bernardus Willelmus comes�cum germano meo Sancio" confirmed, "annuente beat� memori� matre mea Urraca", the foundation of Saint-Sever by "genitor meus Willelmus Sancio comes", this wording suggesting that Urraca died only shortly before the confirmation especially as the document is purportedly signed by "Urrac� comitiss�"[248].� The necrology of Saint-Sever records the death "IV Id Jul�1041" of "Urraca comitissa"[249].� However, either the year is incorrect or this entry refers to another "Urraca comitissa".� Even without the evidence of the 3 Apr [1009] charter, Urraca would have been well over 90 years in 1041 if this entry refers to the wife of Guillaume Sancho.

Conde Fernando & his first wife had seven children:�

1. GONZALO Fern�ndez (before 934-after 10 Dec 959).� �Mumadomna cometissa...cum filio meo Fredinando Gundissalbiz...comes et uxor sua domna Sancia seu neptis meis Gundissalbo Fernandiz vel Sanzio Fernandiz� donated �locum...Balzaramio...� to San Pedro de Carde�as by charter dated 5 Aug 935[250].� "Fredinando Gondissalvez tocius Castelle comes" donated property to the monastery of San Mill�n de la Cogolla by charter dated 938, confirmed by "Gondissalvo Fredinandez, Sancio Fredinandez�"[251].� �Comes Fredinandus Gundisalviz cum uxore mea Sanzia comitissa et cum filiis meis Gundisalvus Fredinandi et Garsea Fredinandi et Sancio Fredinandi et Munio Fredinandi et domna Fronilde� donated the monastery of San Miguel de Javilla to San Pedro de Carde�as by charter dated 941[252].� "Fredinando comes, Sancia comitisa" and their sons "Gundesalvus, Sancius, Munnio" confirmed a charter dated 23 Dec 941 relating to a dispute concerning property of the monastery of Carde�as[253].� "Fredinando comes�cum uxore mea�Sancia cometissa" donated property to the monastery of San Mill�n de la Cogolla by charter dated 944, confirmed by "�Gundissalvo Fernandez, Sancio Fernandez, Garcia Fernandez�"[254].� "Ranimiro rex" donated property to Sahag�n by charter dated 3 Apr 945, witnessed by "�Fernando Gudisalviz, Gundisalvo Fredenandi�"[255].� Conde de Castilla, during the lifetime of his father whom he predeceased.� �Gundissalbo Fredinandiz et uxor mea Fronildi� donated �ratione propria ion pozo de domna Gutina...abemus ex profiliatone mater nostra domna Eldoara iam supra dicta� to San Pedro de Carde�as, for the soul of �domna Aldoara�, by charter dated 29 Jun 959[256].� m (before 29 Jun 959) FRONILDE G�mez, daughter of conde G�MEZ D�az & his wife Elduara --- (-3 Nov 1009).� �Gundissalbo Fredinandiz et uxor mea Fronildi� donated �ratione propria ion pozo de domna Gutina...abemus ex profiliatone mater nostra domna Eldoara iam supra dicta� to San Pedro de Carde�as, for the soul of �domna Aldoara�, by charter dated 29 Jun 959[257].� �Fronildi Christique famula� donated �vinea in aditos de Kauia� to San Pedro de Carde�as, for the souls of �domno meo Gundissalbo Fernandiz simulque comes seu et Sancio filio meo�, by charter dated 6 Feb 984[258].� She became a nun at Sig�enza.� Gonzalo & his wife had one child:�

a) SANCHO (-before 6 Feb 984).� �Fronildi Christique famula� donated �vinea in aditos de Kauia� to San Pedro de Carde�as, for the souls of �domno meo Gundissalbo Fernandiz simulque comes seu et Sancio filio meo�, by charter dated 6 Feb 984[259].�

2. SANCHO Fern�ndez (before 1 Aug 935-after Aug 956).� �Mumadomna cometissa...cum filio meo Fredinando Gundissalbiz...comes et uxor sua domna Sancia seu neptis meis Gundissalbo Fernandiz vel Sanzio Fernandiz� donated �locum...Balzaramio...� to San Pedro de Carde�as by charter dated 5 Aug 935[260].� "Fredinando Gondissalvez tocius Castelle comes" donated property to the monastery of San Mill�n de la Cogolla by charter dated 938, confirmed by "Gondissalvo Fredinandez, Sancio Fredinandez�"[261].� �Comes Fredinandus Gundisalviz cum uxore mea Sanzia comitissa et cum filiis meis Gundisalvus Fredinandi et Garsea Fredinandi et Sancio Fredinandi et Munio Fredinandi et domna Fronilde� donated the monastery of San Miguel de Javilla to San Pedro de Carde�as by charter dated 941[262].� "Fredinando comes, Sancia comitisa" and their sons "Gundesalvus, Sancius, Munnio" confirmed a charter dated 23 Dec 941 relating to a dispute concerning property of the monastery of Carde�as[263].� "Fredinando comes�cum uxore mea�Sancia cometissa" donated property to the monastery of San Mill�n de la Cogolla by charter dated 944, confirmed by "�Gundissalvo Fernandez, Sancio Fernandez, Garcia Fernandez�"[264].� Conde de �lava.� He is named with his sister Queen Urraca in Aug 956 at the court of Le�n[265].�

3. MUNIO Fern�ndez (before 23 Dec 941-after 6 May 968).� �Comes Fredinandus Gundisalviz cum uxore mea Sancia comitisa et cum filiis meis Gundisalvus Fredinandi et Garsea Fredinandi et Sancio Fredinandi et Munio Fredinandi et Domna Fronilde� donated the monastery of San Miguel de Xavilla to San Pedro de Carde�as by charter dated 941, witnessed by "Sarracenus, Bermudo Fannez, Gundisalvo de Aza"[266].� "Fredinando comes, Sancia comitisa" and their sons "Gundesalvus, Sancius, Munnio" confirmed a charter dated 23 Dec 941 relating to a dispute concerning property of the monastery of Carde�as[267].� A monk at Carde�a from 945[268].� "Fredinando Gundissalviz comite�cum filio eius Munio Fredinandiz" confirmed a donation of property at Montorio to the monastery of San Adrian y San Miguel Arcangel by charter dated 6 May 968[269].�

4. GARC�A Fern�ndez (-[C�rdoba] 1 Aug or [29/30] Dec 995, bur Tres Santos, C�rdoba, later moved to San Pedro de Carde�as).� "Fredinando comes�cum uxore mea�Sancia cometissa" donated property to the monastery of San Mill�n de la Cogolla by charter dated 944, confirmed by "�Gundissalvo Fernandez, Sancio Fernandez, Garcia Fernandez�"[270].� He succeeded his father in 970 as Conde de Castilla.�

-�� see below.�

5. FRONILDE Fern�ndez (-after 1014).� �Comes Fredinandus Gundisalviz cum uxore mea Sanzia comitissa et cum filiis meis Gundisalvus Fredinandi et Garsea Fredinandi et Sancio Fredinandi et Munio Fredinandi et domna Fronilde� donated the monastery of San Miguel de Javilla to San Pedro de Carde�as by charter dated 941[271].� "Garcia Fredinandiz, Aua comitisa" donated property to the monastery of Carde�as by charter dated 11 Jul 972, subscribed by "Sancius prolis illorum, Domna Fronilde�"[272].� "Garsias Ferdinandez�cum coniuge mea Ava comitisa" founded the monastery of Infantado de Covarrubias, offering "filiam�nostram Urracam" as a nun there, by charter dated 25 Dec 978, confirmed by "�Tota comitissa, Fronilde comitissa�"[273].� "Garcia Fernandiz comes, Aba cometissa" donated property to the church of Santa Juliana by charter dated 5 May 987, confirmed by "Domna Fronildi, Domna Otrocia�"[274].� "Sancius comes, mea tia domina Fronilde" confirmed property rights by charter dated 1014[275].� m RODANO [276][D�az, son of DIEGO Rodaniz & his wife ---].� Conde in Asturias de Santillana[277].��

6. MUNIADOMNA Fern�ndez (-before 1015).� A charter of Sahag�n dated 1036 records that, after the death of "Comes Fredenandus Gundisalviz Duc Kastelle", "filia sua�Domna Mumadona comitissa" married "virum�comite Gomez Didaz"[278].� m (after Jun 970) G�MEZ D�az, son of DIEGO Mu�oz Conde de Salda�a & his wife Tegridia --- (-after 986).� Conde de Salda�a from [959].�

7. URRACA Fern�ndez (-after 1007).� The Cronica de Sampiro, as reproduced in the Historia Silense, records the marriage of "Ordonius filius regis" and "filiam Fredenandi�Urracam", from the context dated to the reconciliation of King Ramiro II and Conde Fernando after the latter's rebellion[279], which is dated to [943/44] by Torres[280].� �Ordonius�in Regno�cum conjuge Urraca Regina� donated property to the church of Santiago by charter �XV Kal Iun� dated to 952[281].� P�rez de Urbel records that Urraca was not named with her first husband in charters dated 5 Dec 952 and 11 Jul 953, but is named with him in charters dated 8 Jun 954, 15 Jun 954, 12 Oct 954, 10 Mar 955, 15 Apr 955, 11 May 956, 13 May 956 and 30 Aug 956[282].� Her second marriage is confirmed by the Cronica de Sampiro, as reproduced in the Historia Silense, which records that "Ordonium�Adefonsy regis filium" married "Ferdinando Burgensium comitte�filiam suam�relictam ab Ordonio Ramiri filio"[283].� The Codex de Roda records the marriage of "regem Sanctium" and "Urracam, filiam comitis Sanctii de Castella"[284], although it is chronologically more acceptable that Urraca was the daughter of Conde Fernando, which is confirmed by the charter dated 29 Jun 971 under which "Endregoto Galindonis et prole eius Sancio Garseanis rex et uxor eius Urraca Fredenandizi" donated property to the monastery of San Pedro de Siresa[285].� The Chronicon Burgense also states incorrectly that King Sancho was �gener comitis Sancii�[286].� "Hordonius�cum coniuge mea Urracha" donated property to Santiago by charter dated 18 Nov 958, subscribed by "Froila confesor et filius Adephonsi regis�"[287].� "Sancius rex et Urraka regina�cum germanis nostris Ranimiro et Eximino" confirmed a prior donation to San Pedro de Siresa by "genitor noster Garsea rex" by charter dated 15 Feb 979, confirmed by "Eximino Sancionis, Garsea Furtunionis, Belasco Lihoriz"[288].� "Garsias Ferdinandez�cum coniuge mea Ava comitisa" founded the monastery of Infantado de Covarrubias, offering "filiam�nostram Urracam" as a nun there, by charter dated 25 Dec 978, confirmed by "�Sancio rex, Urraka regina, rege Scemeno�"[289].� "Garsea rex et uxor mea Eximina, cum domna Urracha regina" donated property to the monastery of San Pedro de Siresa by charter dated to [995/1004][290].� She became a nun after the death of her third husband.� m firstly ([944 or after] [repudiated [952/53], reconciled before 8 Jun 954]) ORDO�O de Le�n, son of RAMIRO II King of Le�n & his first wife Adosinda Guti�rrez ([926]-[30 Aug/13 Nov] 956).� He succeeded his father in 951 as ORDO�O III King of Le�n.� m secondly (before 13 Nov 958) ORDO�O IV "el Malo" King of Le�n, son of ALFONSO IV "el Monje" King of Le�n & his wife Oneca S�nchez de Navarra ([926]-962).� m thirdly ([962]) SANCHO Abarca de Navarra, son of GARC�A III S�nchez King of Navarre & his first wife Andregota Gal�ndez (after 935-Dec 994).� He succeeded his father in 970 as SANCHO II Garc�s Abarca King of Navarre.�

Conde Fernando & his second wife had [two children]:�

8. [TODA Fern�ndez .� The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified.]�

9. [PEDRO Fern�ndez .� The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.]� m ---.� The name of Pedro's wife is not known.� Pedro & his wife had four children:�

a) FERNANDO P�rez .� He confirmed the [1017/4 Apr 1027] document of Conde Garc�a Garc�a to the monastery of San Juliano[291].�

b) SALVADOR P�rez .� Conde.

c) GONZALO P�rez .�

d) RODRIGO P�rez .�

GARC�A Fern�ndez de Castilla, son of FERNANDO Gonz�lez Conde de Castilla & his first wife Sancha S�nchez de Navarra (-[C�rdoba] 1 Aug or [29/30] Dec 995, bur Tres Santos, C�rdoba, later moved to San Pedro de Carde�as).� �Comes Fredinandus Gundisalviz cum uxore mea Sanzia comitissa et cum filiis meis Gundisalvus Fredinandi et Garsea Fredinandi et Sancio Fredinandi et Munio Fredinandi et domna Fronilde� donated the monastery of San Miguel de Javilla to San Pedro de Carde�as by charter dated 941[292].� "Fredinando comes�cum uxore mea�Sancia cometissa" donated property to the monastery of San Mill�n de la Cogolla by charter dated 944, confirmed by "�Gundissalvo Fernandez, Sancio Fernandez, Garcia Fernandez�"[293].� He succeeded his father in 970 as Conde de Castilla.� He inherited a county considerably weakened by Muslim attacks during the last years of his father's rule, and on his accession accepted the suzerainty of Caliph al-Hakam II.� A charter dated 7 Sep 972 records the exchange of Covarrubias between the abbot of Infantado de Covarrubias and "domno Garsea comite sive domna Ava cometissa et filiis adque filiabus vestris"[294].� In 974, Conde Garc�a captured Deza.� "Garssia Ferdinandi�comes et imperator Castelle�cum uxore mea Abba comitisse" granted fuero to Castrojeriz by charter dated 8 Mar 974, subscribed by "Sanctio filio nostra, Urraca filia nostra�"[295].� His success was short-lived as he unsuccessfully besieged Gormaz in Apr 975 and was defeated at Langa on the banks of the River Duero[296].� Conde Garc�a allied himself with Ghalib bin Abd al-Rahman, who had been Caliph al-Hakam II's trusted general, and opposed the rise to power of Muhammad bin Abi Amir "al-Mansur/the Victorious" after the accession of al-Hakam's son Caliph Hisham in 976.� However, al-Mansur led several successful campaigns against Castile which was further weakened during the last years of the rule of Conde Garc�a, whose son eventually rebelled against him[297].� "Garsias Ferdinandez�cum coniuge mea Ava comitisa" founded the monastery of Infantado de Covarrubias, offering "filiam�nostram Urracam" as a nun there, by charter dated 25 Dec 978, confirmed by "Sancio Garsea, Gundisalbo Garsea�Sancio rex, Urraka regina, rege Scemeno, Fortuni Garsea, Didago Aznariz, Tellu Gundisalbiz, Sancio Ennegonis, Tota comitissa, Fronilde comitissa�"[298].� The Annales Complutense record that �Sancius Garsia� rebelled against �patrem suum comitem Garsia Fernandez� in 990[299].� "Garcia�comes" confirmed a donation to the monastery of San Miguel de Pedroso by charter dated 979, confirmed by "�Gundessalvo Fredinandez, Gundissalvo Arderiz�Hani Godestioz, Didaco Fredinandez, Alvaro Sarrazinez, Didaco Scemenoz, Gotier Gomiz"[300].� The Chronicon Burgense records that �comes Garsea Ferdinandi� was captured and wounded �VIII Kal Jan� in 995 �in ripa de Dorio�, died five days later while being taken to C�rdoba, and was buried �ad Caradignam�[301].� The Annales Complutense record the death �Kal Aug� in 995 of �Conde Garci Fernandez� after being captured by the Moors[302].�

m ([958/61]) AVA de Ribagorza, daughter of RAIMUNDO [II] Conde de Ribagorza & his wife Gersende de Fezensac (-after 995, bur San Pedro de Carde�a).� The Codex de Roda names "Regemundo ac domno Galindo seu domna Aba" as the children of "Uernardus" and his wife[303].� The end 13th century �Cr�nica d�Ala� Renovada� records that �Ova filia Regimundi� married �comitis Sanctii de Castella� (error for Garc�a)[304].� "Garcia comes" and his wife "Ava" donated property to the monastery of Arlanza by charter dated 12 Jul 970[305].� "Garsea Ferrandiz comite�cum coniuge mea Ava comitissa" donated property to the monastery of San Pedro de Carde�as by charter dated 26 Apr 971[306].� A charter dated 7 Sep 972 records the exchange of Covarrubias between the abbot of Infantado de Covarrubias and "domno Garsea comite sive domna Ava cometissa et filiis adque filiabus vestris"[307].� "Garssia Ferdinandi�comes et imperator Castelle�cum uxore mea Abba comitisse" granted fuero to Castrojeriz by charter dated 8 Mar 974, subscribed by "Sanctio filio nostra, Urraca filia nostra�"[308].� "Garsias Ferdinandez�cum coniuge mea Ava comitisa" founded the monastery of Infantado de Covarrubias, offering "filiam�nostram Urracam" as a nun there, by charter dated 25 Dec 978[309].� According to popular legend, she fomented revolt against her husband and even offered her hand in marriage to a Muslim in exchange for killing Count Garc�a, but the historical accuracy of this is doubtful[310].�

Conde Garc�a & his wife had [seven] children:�

1. [MAYOR (-after [early 1035]).� A charter of Santa Maria de Gerri dated Apr 18 names "Raimundi Suniarii comtis et uxor mea comitissa�Maior"[311].� Her parentage is stated in the end 13th century �Cr�nica d�Ala� Renovada� which records that, after the death of �Guillelmum Ysarni, quem genuerat Ysarnus prefatus ex concubina�, Ribagorza was inherited by �rex Sancius...jure propinquitatis�, explained because �Major comitissa soror comitis Sancii de Castella� married �comitis Paliarensis Raimundi Suniarii� and remained in Ribagorza after their marriage was ended �consanguinitatis causa�, and because �rex Sancius Pampilonensis� married �filiam predicti comitis Sancii de Castella...Majorem�[312].� However, this appears doubtful.� If she was Conde Garc�a's daughter, it is surprising that she did not witness the 8 Mar 974 agreement under which her supposed sister Urraca was consecrated to the monastery of Covarrubias.� In addition, the considerable age difference between her and her supposed husband (if, as stated in Europ�ische Stammtafeln[313], his mother's first husband died before 994) seems unlikely.� A more likely possibility is that Mayor was the daughter, not sister, of Sancho Conde de Castilla.� After her repudiation, she returned to Castile where she is recorded in 1028 as abbess of the monastery of San Miguel de Pedroso and in early 1035 with Sancho III King of Navarre[314].� m (repudiated [1026/27]) as his first wife, RAIMUNDO [III] de Pallars, son of SUNYER [I] Conde de Paillars & his first wife Ermengarde [de Rouergue] ([995/1000]-after 1047).� He succeeded his father in 1010 as Conde de Pallars.]�

2. SANCHO Garc�a ([965]-5 Feb 1017, bur San Salvador de O�a).� "Garcia Fredinandiz, Aua comitisa" donated property to the monastery of Carde�as by charter dated 11 Jul 972, subscribed by "Sancius prolis illorum, Domna Fronilde�"[315].� "Garsias Ferdinandez�cum coniuge mea Ava comitisa" founded the monastery of Infantado de Covarrubias, offering "filiam�nostram Urracam" as a nun there, by charter dated 25 Dec 978, confirmed by "Sancio Garsea, Gundisalbo Garsea�"[316].� He succeeded his father in 995 as Conde de Castilla.�

-�� see below.�

3. URRACA Garc�a (-after 1 Jan 1038).� "Garssia Ferdinandi�comes et imperator Castelle�cum uxore mea Abba comitisse" granted fuero to Castrojeriz by charter dated 8 Mar 974, subscribed by "Sanctio filio nostra, Urraca filia nostra�"[317].� "Garsias Ferdinandez�cum coniuge mea Ava comitisa" founded the monastery of Infantado de Covarrubias, offering "filiam�nostram Urracam" as a nun there, by charter dated 25 Dec 978[318].� "Sancio comite et Urraca cometissa soror mea" granted rights to the monastery of San Mill�n de la Cogolla by charter dated 1003[319].� "Garseani Sanctionis filios" confirmed donations to "domina Urraze" made by "comitatum Garsea Fernandus cum Ava comitissa vel parentes eorum Fredenandus Gundesalvus cum comitissa Domina Sanzia et nepotibus suis Sanzio Garseam comes cum comitissa Urraze�cum principe Sanzioni et regine Urraze Panpilonie" by charter dated 5 Apr 1024[320].�

4. GONZALO Garc�a (-after [27 Feb 1011]).� "Garsias Ferdinandez�cum coniuge mea Ava comitisa" founded the monastery of Infantado de Covarrubias, offering "filiam�nostram Urracam" as a nun there, by charter dated 25 Dec 978, confirmed by "Sancio Garsea, Gundisalbo Garsea�"[321].� "Gonzalo Garc�a" also witnessed the 12 Feb 1011 document founding the monastery of San Salvador de O�a and the 27 Feb 1011 sale of the Villa of Oca[322], but it is not known whether this was the same person.�

-�� CASTILE NOBILITY.�

5. ELVIRA Garc�a (-Dec 1017).� The Chronicon Regum Legionensium names "Elvira" as the second legitimate wife of King Vermudo[323].� Her parentage is confirmed by Ibn-Khaldun who records King Alfonso V as "petit-fils par sa m�re du seigneur d�Alava Garcia Fernandez"[324].� Regent of Le�n 999-1007.� "Geluira Regina�cum filio meo Adefonso Rex" donated property "ad villam de Paramo" to the church of Le�n by charter dated 12 Nov 1000 which she signed "Gelvira Regina prolis Garseani et Av�"[325].� "Giloira regina" confirmed the donation of serfs "in valle Castelle" made by "vir meus domnus Veremudus rex", for the soul of "filii mei regis dni Adefonsi", by charter dated 8 Jul 1001[326].� She became a nun in 1007.� "Geloira regina" donated property to Santiago de Compostela by charter dated 18 Aug 1017, subscribed by "Adefonsus princeps, Sancia proles Ueremudi, Tarasia proles Ueremudi, Geloira proles Ueremudi�"[327].� m ([26/30] Nov 991) as his second wife, VERMUDO II "el Gotoso" King of Le�n, [illegitimate] son of ORDO�O III King of Le�n & [his wife Urraca Fern�ndez de Castilla] or [his mistress --- Pel�ez] ([953]-El Bierzo Sep 999, bur Villabuena, later transferred to Le�n).�

6. TODA Garc�a (-after 1031).� "Garsias Ferdinandez�cum coniuge mea Ava comitisa" founded the monastery of Infantado de Covarrubias, offering "filiam�nostram Urracam" as a nun there, by charter dated 25 Dec 978, confirmed by "�Tota comitissa, Fronilde comitissa�"[328].� "Domna Toda comitissa�filia quondam genitoris mei Garsea Fredenandiz et matris mea Domna Ava" donated the monastery of San Pelayo de Nabeda to Sahag�n by charter dated 1031, subscribed by "Gundisalbo Petriz, Gundisalbo Monniuz"[329].� m SANCHO G�mez de Salda�a, son of G�MEZ D�az de Salda�a & his wife Muniadomna Fern�ndez de Castilla (-executed Guadalmellato 1009).�

7. ONECA Garc�a .� Her marriage was arranged by her brother Conde Sancho to placate al-Mansur[330].� Argaiz states that �la Infanta D. O�eca, hija del Conde Garci Fern�ndez, y hermana del Conde Don Sancho Garc�a� was a nun at San Juan de Cillaperlata and afterwards was �abadesa primera de O�a�[331].� Mart�nez D�ez indicates that the primary sources which confirm this information no longer survive[332].� Abbess of San Salvador de O�a 1045.� m (995) polygamously, MUHAMMAD bin Abi Amir "al-Mansur/the Victorious" Regent of C�rdoba (-10 Aug 1002).�

SANCHO Garc�a de Castilla, son of GARC�A Fern�ndez Conde de Castilla & his wife Ava --- ([965]-5 Feb 1017, bur San Salvador de O�a).� "Garcia Fredinandiz, Aua comitisa" donated property to the monastery of Carde�as by charter dated 11 Jul 972, subscribed by "Sancius prolis illorum, Domna Fronilde�"[333].� "Garssia Ferdinandi�comes et imperator Castelle�cum uxore mea Abba comitisse" granted fuero to Castrojeriz by charter dated 8 Mar 974, subscribed by "Sanctio filio nostra, Urraca filia nostra�"[334].� "Garsias Ferdinandez�cum coniuge mea Ava comitisa" founded the monastery of Infantado de Covarrubias, offering "filiam�nostram Urracam" as a nun there, by charter dated 25 Dec 978, confirmed by "Sancio Garsea, Gundisalbo Garsea�"[335].� He rebelled against his father in 990, supported by Ibn Abu Amir[336], effectively dividing Castile into two parts.� The Annales Complutense record that �Sancius Garsia� rebelled against �patrem suum comitem Garsia Fernandez� in 990[337].� He succeeded in 995 as Conde de Castilla.� Ibn-Khaldun states that Alfonso V King of Le�n succeeded under the regency of "le comte de Galice Menendo Gonzalez" but that this was disputed by "Sancho fils de Garcia, l�oncle maternel d�Alphonse", the dispute being arbitrated by "Abdalmelic fils d�Almanzor" who ordered "au juge des chr�tiens [de Cordoue] A�bagh ibn --- de d�cider�[et il] pronon�a en faveur de Menendo Gonzalez"[338].� "Sancio comite et Urraca cometissa soror mea" granted rights to the monastery of San Mill�n de la Cogolla by charter dated 1003, signed by "�Fernando Beilaz, Oveco Alvarez, Beila Alvaroz, senior Assur Nunniz dominate Ponticurbo, Alvaro Gomiz, Tellu Didaz, Beila Gutier"[339].� He allied himself with the Berbers in 1009 to fight and depose Caliph Muhammad.� The Chronicon Burgense records that �comes Sancius� destroyed C�rdoba in 1009[340].� He was given a formal reception in C�rdoba by the new Caliph Sulayman, and received strategic castles as his reward.� Ibn-Khaldun records that "le seigneur d�Alava Sancho, fils de Garcia" was killed "par le roi des Basques" in [21 Jun 1015/9 Jun 1016][341].� The Chronicon Burgense records the death in 1017 of �comes Sancius�[342].�

m ([985/95]) URRACA, daughter of (-[murdered Covarrubias] after 21 Dec 1037).� "Sancius comes cum coniuge mea Urracha" offered "filiam nostram Tegridiam" to the monastery of San Salvador de O�a by charter dated 12 Feb 1011[343].� Her parentage is not known.� Salazar y Acha suggests that she was Urraca G�mez, daughter of conde G�mez D�az de Salda�a & his wife Muniadomna Fern�ndez de Castilla[344].� He bases this especially on the introduction of the name Tegridia into the family of the condes de Castilla, the name of the mother of conde G�mez D�az.� Regent of the county of Castile during the minority of her son.� The Annales Complutense record that �comitissam Urracam� was killed (by Muslims) �in Covas Rubias� in �Era 978 (940)�[345].� The date is clearly incorrect if this entry refers to the widow of Conde Sancho but it is possible that it is misplaced by a century.� The Anales Toledanos record that �la Condesa Do�a Urraca� was killed �en Cuevarrubias� in 1038[346].�

Conde Sancho & his wife had five children:�

1. MUNIA Mayor de Castilla ([990/95]-after 13 Jul 1066).� The Cr�nica Latina records that �la huerfana do�a Mayor, hija del�conde Sancho� married �al rey de Navarra y N�jera Sancho, nieto de Sancho Abarca�[347].� She and her husband confirmed the rights of the Abbey of San Mill�n 24 Jun 1011[348].� "Sancius�rex" recommended the rule of St Benedict to the monastery of Leire by charter dated 21 Oct 1022, subscribed by "Eximina regina mater regis, Regina domna Muma, Garsia et Ranimirus, Gundesalbus et Fernandus"[349].� "Sancius rex et uxor mea Muma dompna regina" donated property to the monastery of Yarte y Anoz by charter dated 17 May 1024[350].� She succeeded her brother in 1029 as Condesa de Castilla.� "Domna Major regina" confirmed a charter of "Sancius Hispaniarum rex" dated 26 Jun 1033 which related to concessions to the monastery of Oriense[351].� "Sancius�rex�cum coniuge mea regina domina Maiora" donated the monastery of San Sebastian to the monastery of Leire by charter dated 17 Apr 1014, redated to [1030][352].� She became a nun after her the death of her husband.� She founded the monastery of San Mart�n de Fromista 13 Jul 1066, the document naming her father but not her husband[353].� The testament of "Maior regina Christi ancilla", in which she requests burial in the monastery of San Mart�n de Fr�mista, is dated 13 Jun 1066[354].� m (before 27 Jun 1011) SANCHO III �el Mayor� King of Navarre, son of GARC�A IV S�nchez "el Tremulo" King of Navarre & his wife Jimena Fern�ndez ([990/92]-murdered 18 Oct 1035).� He claimed the county of Castile in his wife's name after the murder of her brother conde Garc�a S�nchez in 1029, incorporated the whole of Castile into his kingdom, and installed his second son Fernando as Conde de Castilla.� Children:�

a) FERNANDO de Navarra ([1016/18]-27 Dec 1065).� His father installed him as Conde de Castilla in 1029 in succession to his maternal uncle.� Under the division of territories organised by his father prior to his death, he received Castile, succeeding in 1035 as FERNANDO I "el Magno" King of Castile.�

-�� see Chapter 2.� KINGS of CASTILE and LEON 1035-1217.�

b) other children: see NAVARRE.�

2. FERNANDO S�nchez ([995/97]-before 2 Mar 999, bur San Pedro de Carvatos).� "Sanctius Garcia comes Castellanensis cum uxore mea Urraca" donated property, for the soul of �filio nostro Fernando�, to San Pedro de Carvatos where he was buried by charter dated 2 Mar 999[355].�

3. TIGRIDIA S�nchez de Castilla ([998]-after 1029).� "Sancius comes cum coniuge mea Urracha" offered "filiam nostram Tegridiam" to the monastery of San Salvador de O�a by charter dated 12 Feb 1011[356].� Abbess of San Salvador de O�a 1011-1029, founded by her parents[357].

4. SANCHA S�nchez de Castilla ([1006/07][358]-26 June 1026, bur Santa Maria de Ripoll).� She is named "Sancha daughter of the deceased Conde Sancho", assumed to be Sancho Garc�a Conde de Castilla, in her husband's 1025 charter[359].� m (betrothed 1016, Zaragoza 1021[360]) as his first wife, BERENGUER RAM�N [I] Conde de Barcelona, �el Curvo� son of RAM�N BORRELL [I] Conde de Barcelona & his wife Ermesinde de Carcassonne (-26 May 1035, bur Santa Maria de Ripoll).

5. GARC�A S�nchez de Castilla ([Nov] 1009-murdered Le�n 13 May 1029, bur San Salvador de O�a).� The Chronicon Burgense records the birth in 1009 of �Infans Garsea�[361].� The Annales Complutense record the birth in Nov 1013 of �Infans eius [Sancii Garsia] filius�Garsia Sanchez�[362], although many of the dates in this source are inaccurate.� He succeeded his father in 1017 as Conde de Castilla, under the regency of his mother until 1025.� �Garseani comiti� donated property �in territorio de Campo iuxta flumine Ibrio� to Santillana del Mar, for the souls of �parentum meorum Sancioni comite et Urracha comitissa�, by charter dated 7 Apr [1018/28][363].� "Garseani Sanctionis filios" confirmed donations to "domina Urraze" made by "comitatum Garsea Fernandus cum Ava comitissa vel parentes eorum Fredenandus Gundesalvus cum comitissa Domina Sanzia et nepotibus suis Sanzio Garseam comes cum comitissa Urraze�cum principe Sanzioni et regine Urraze Panpilonie" by charter dated 5 Apr 1024[364].� "Garsea comes" donated property "in Villa" to the monastery of San Pedro de Carde�as by charter dated 23 Oct 1024[365].� The Chronicon Burgense records that �Infans Garsea� was killed in Le�n in 1028[366].� The Annales Complutense record the death in 1026 of �Comes Garsia�[367], although many of the dates in this source are inaccurate.� Salazar Acha recounts[368] the legend that a "conde Vela" was expelled by Fern�n Gonz�lez Conde de Castilla, took refuge in Le�n, and that his three sons were the murderers of Conde Garc�a II on the latter's arrival in Le�n for his marriage, but emphasises that the story is first related in the 13th century Chronicon Mundi of Lucas de Tuy and the subsequent work of Archbishop Rodrigo Xim�nez de Rada[369].� On the death of conde Garc�a, his sister succeeded as de iure Condesa de Castilla, but her husband claimed the county in her name and installed their son Fernando as Conde de Castilla.� Betrothed ([Jan/May] 1029) to SANCHA de Le�n, daughter of ALFONSO V King of Le�n & his first wife Elvira Men�ndez (1013-7 Nov 1067, bur Le�n).� She later married the nephew of her betrothed, Fernando de Navarra Conde de Castilla, who succeeded as Fernando I "el Magno" King of Castile in 1035.�

Chapter 2.�� KINGS of CASTILE & LEON 1035-1217

A.�� KINGS of CASTILE and LEON 1035-1217 (JIMENA DYNASTY of NAVARRE)

FERNANDO de Navarra, son of SANCHO III �el Mayor� King of Navarre & his wife Munia Mayor Ctss de Castilla ([1016/18]-27 Dec 1065, bur Le�n).� �Ranimirus proles regis, Garseanes frater eius, Gundisaluus frater eius, Ferdinandus frater eius� confirmed the charter dated 17 Apr 1014 under which �Sancius�rex�cum coniuge mea regina domina Maiora� donated property to the monastery of Leire, although the absence of the brother Bernardo suggests that this charter should be redated to approximately ten years later[370].� "Sancius�rex" recommended the rule of St Benedict to the monastery of Leire by charter dated 21 Oct 1022, subscribed by "Eximina regina mater regis, Regina domna Muma, Garsia et Ranimirus, Gundesalbus et Fernandus"[371].� The charter of "Sancius Hispaniarum rex" dated 26 Jun 1033 relating to concessions to the monastery of Oriense was confirmed by his sons (in order) "Ranimirus�Garsea�Fredinandus"[372].� His father installed him as Conde de Castilla in 1029, in succession to his maternal uncle.� The Historia Silense records that King Sancho granted "Castella" to "Fernandum"[373].� Under the division of territories organised by his father prior to his death, he received Castile, succeeding in 1035 as FERNANDO I "el Magno" King of Castile.� With the help of his brother Garc�a V King of Navarre, he defeated and killed his brother-in-law Vermudo III King of Le�n[374], proclaiming himself King of Le�n and Galicia 4 Sep 1037.� Crowned at Santa Mar�a de Le�n 22 Jun 1038[375], after which he used the title "imperatur".� Ferdinand I King of Castile confirmed the union of the monastery of San Mart�n del R�o with San Pedro de Carde�as by charter dated 31 Aug 1050, subscribed by "Sanctius prolis regis, Adefonsus filius regis, Garsea filio regis, Urraca filia regis, Tegridia filia regis�"[376].� King Fernando's reign was a period of rapid Castilian expansion.� He defeated and killed his brother Garc�a S�nchez III King of Navarre at Atapuerca Sep 1054, requiring the cession of the Bureba district on the west bank of the upper Ebro River[377].� The close ties between Burgundy and Spain started during the reign of Fernando I King of Castile, who established an annual rent of 120 ounces of gold in favour of the Abbey of Cluny some time after 1055[378].� He allied himself with Ibn-Hud to attack the Taifa Kingdom of Toledo, from whom he forced the payment of a large tribute or paria, which became the established way of raising revenues for the Christian kingdoms[379].� In 1057, he invaded the territory of the Aftasids of Badajoz, capturing Lamego 29 Nov 1057 and Viseu 25 Jul 1058.� He also attacked Santarem, forcing its ruler to pay 5,000 dinars a year to maintain a truce.� He exacted annual parias from Zaragoza from 1060.� King Fernando donated property "in Compostella�[qui] fuit�de Odrozia comitssa�cum filia sua Gyloira et�nepus suum comitem Monninum Ruderici" to Celanova by charter dated 19 Aug 1061[380].� He conquered Coimbra after a 6 month siege ending 25 Jul 1064.� He also reclaimed much of the traditional Castilian territory held by Sancho IV Garc�a King of Navarre, but this was apparently a political and diplomatic rather than a military process[381].� A great council meeting in 1064 agreed a division of King Fernando's territories (as well as the rights to annual parias from the Taifa kingdoms) between his sons[382], the agreement being implemented after his death.� The precise geographical details of the split are set out by Reilly and in the Chronicon Regum Legionensium[383].� "Fredernandus�Legionensis rex�cum coniuge mea regina dna Sancia et filiis meis" confirmed the privileges of Santiago de Compostela by charter dated 10 Mar 1065, subscribed by "Sancius filius regis, Adefonsus filius regis, Garsea filius regis, Urraca filia regis, Geloira filia regis�"[384].� The Chronicon Regum Legionensium records the death of Fernando I King of Castile "in the era 1103 (1065)" after reigning for 18 years and his burial with his wife Sancha "in the city of Le�n"[385].� The Chronicon Lusitanum records the death of �Rex Domnus Fernandus� in 1103 (adjusted to 1065) and his burial �VII Kal Jan�in Legionensi civitate�[386].� The Chronicon Burgense records the death �in die S. Eugeni�� in 1065 of �Fernandus Rex�[387].� The Chronicon Regum Legionensium records the death of Fernando I King of Castile "in the era 1103 (1065)" after reigning for 18 years and his burial with his wife Sancha "in the city of Le�n"[388].�

m ([Nov/Dec] 1032) SANCHA de Le�n, daughter of ALFONSO V King of Le�n & his first wife Elvira Men�ndez (1013-7 Nov 1067, bur Le�n).� The Historia Silense records the marriage of "Fernandus" to "Sanciam filiam Adefonsi Galiciensis regis"[389].� The Chronicon Regum Legionensium names "Vermudo and Sancha" as the children of King Alfonso and his wife Elvira, specifying that Sancha married "King Fernando, the son of King Sancho the Fat"[390].� "Fredernandus�Legionensis rex�cum coniuge mea regina dna Sancia et filiis meis" confirmed the privileges of Santiago de Compostela by charter dated 10 Mar 1065, subscribed by "Sancius filius regis, Adefonsus filius regis, Garsea filius regis, Urraca filia regis, Geloira filia regis�"[391].� The Annales Complutense record the death in 1067 of �Regina Sancia�[392].�

King Fernando I & his wife had [six] children:

1. URRACA de Castilla y Le�n ([1033/34]-after 13 Nov 1103).� The Chronicon Regum Legionensium names (in order) "Urraca, Sancho, Alfonso, Garc�a and Elvira" and the children of King Fernando and Queen Sancha[393].� The Historia Silense names her as oldest child of King Fernando, born before he succeeded as king[394].� Ferdinand I King of Castile confirmed the union of the monastery of San Mart�n del R�o with San Pedro de Carde�as by charter dated 31 Aug 1050, subscribed by "Sanctius prolis regis, Adefonsus filius regis, Garsea filio regis, Urraca filia regis, Tegridia filia regis�"[395].� "Fredernandus�Legionensis rex�cum coniuge mea regina dna Sancia et filiis meis" confirmed the privileges of Santiago de Compostela by charter dated 10 Mar 1065, subscribed by "Sancius filius regis, Adefonsus filius regis, Garsea filius regis, Urraca filia regis, Geloira filia regis�"[396].� "Urraca Fredenandi principis filia" donated property "in valle de vice territorio Portugale" to Santiago de Compostela by charter dated 25 Jun 1066[397].� "Burgensis dominans, tocius Castelle rex�Sancius" donated property to the monastery of San Mill�n de la Cogolla by charter dated 18 Jan [1070], subscribed by "domna Urraca soror regis, domna Elvira soror regis�"[398].� "Adefonsus rex" donated "hereditates quos ganabit pater meus de comite Flagino Fredenandiz�secus flubio Estola, territorio Aquilare" and "uilla�Cento Fontes qui fuit de abio meo comes Fredenando Ueremudiz�in ripa de Estola�et monasterio de Cisterna" and "alias hereditates que fuerunt de comitisssa domina Geluira filia comes Faffila Fernandiz�in ripa de Estola et in illa terra de Sumontia" to "soror mea domina Urracca prolis Fredenandiz" by charter dated 15 Oct 1071[399].� �Urraca et Elvira Ferdinandi Imperatoris magni fili�� transferred the church of Auca to �ecclesiam S. Maride Campo de Gamonare� by charter dated 1074[400].� "Urraka [et]�Gelvira sorores mihi" consented to a donation to Cluny by "Adefonsus�princeps" dated 22 May 1077[401].� Under the terms of the agreement of 1064 which divided her father's territories between her brothers, she and her sister were granted "all the monasteries of [the] kingdom in which they might live to their lives' end without the bond of a husband"[402], the resulting lordship being known later as the "Infantado"[403].� Titular Queen of Zamora.� She rebelled against her brother Sancho II King of Castile in 1072.� "Urraca soror regis, Gelvira soror regis�" subscribed the charter dated 17 Aug 1077 which records an agreement between Bishop Diego Pel�ez and the abbot of Antealtares, San Fagundo[404].� "�Urraka Fredinandi regis et Santie regine filia�" subscribed the charter dated 14 Mar 1099 under which Alfonso VI King of Castile donated the monastery of Santa Mar�a de Algadefe to the monastery of Eslonza[405].� "Urraka Fredenandi regis et Sanci� regine filia" donated various monasteries to the monastery of Eslonza by charter dated 14 May 1099[406].� "Geloira Fredenandi principis", on her deathbed, confirmed her donation of the monastery of Pilo�o to Santiago de Compostela by charter dated 13 Nov 1100, subscribed by "Urraca soror eius"[407].� "Urraka prolis Fredenandi regis et Sanzia regina filia" donated property to the abbot of Infantado de Covarrubias by charter dated 13 Nov 1103[408].� The Anales Toledanos record the death in 1101 of �la Reyna Do�a Urraca, parienta del Rey Ferrando � de la Reyna Do�a Sancha�[409].�

2. SANCHO de Castilla y Le�n ([1036]-murdered Zamora 7 Oct 1072, bur Monastery of O�a[410]).� The Chronicon Regum Legionensium names (in order) "Urraca, Sancho, Alfonso, Garc�a and Elvira" and the children of King Fernando and Queen Sancha[411].� The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines, in a curious mixture of information about the contemporary kings of Castile and Aragon, names "Sanctium qui aliam matrem habuit, Petrum cognomento Alfunsem sive Hildefonsum et Fernandum" as the three sons of "rex�in Galicia Sanctus sive Fernandus"[412].� Ferdinand I King of Castile confirmed the union of the monastery of San Mart�n del R�o with San Pedro de Carde�as by charter dated 31 Aug 1050, subscribed by "Sanctius prolis regis, Adefonsus filius regis, Garsea filio regis, Urraca filia regis, Tegridia filia regis�"[413].� He took part in the defence of Graus against the Moors 8 May 1063, in the course of which his uncle Ramiro I King of Aragon was killed.� "Fredernandus�Legionensis rex�cum coniuge mea regina dna Sancia et filiis meis" confirmed the privileges of Santiago de Compostela by charter dated 10 Mar 1065, subscribed by "Sancius filius regis, Adefonsus filius regis, Garsea filius regis, Urraca filia regis, Geloira filia regis�"[414].� Under the partition of lands in his father�s will, he received Castile and the parias from the Taifa state of Zaragoza, succeeding in 1065 as SANCHO II King of Castile.� He invaded Navarre in 1067 to recover certain frontier areas, triggering the "war of the three Sanchos".� Although defeated by Sancho Ram�rez King of Aragon, he negotiated an advantageous peace, acquiring Pancorbo and O�a.� He also attempted to conquer Le�n, fighting his brother Alfonso VI at Llantada 19 Jul 1068, but then joined forces with him to deprive their brother Garc�a of Galicia.� The alliance with Alfonso was, however, short-lived: King Sancho defeated his brother at Golpejera in Jan 1072, and was crowned king of Le�n at Le�n 12 Jan 1072[415].� "Burgensis dominans, tocius Castelle rex�Sancius" donated property to the monastery of San Mill�n de la Cogolla by charter dated 18 Jan [1070], subscribed by "domna Urraca soror regis, domna Elvira soror regis�"[416].� At first imprisoned by King Sancho, their sister Urraca persuaded Sancho to exile Alfonso to Toledo.� Urraca then rebelled against Sancho at Zamora, during the siege of which King Sancho was murdered.� The Chronicon Burgense records that �Sancius Rex� was killed �in Zamora� in 1072[417].� The Annales Complutense record that �Regem Sancium� was killed �Non Oct�in Zamora� in 1072[418].� The Chronicon Regum Legionensium records that Sancho II King of Castile "was killed by treachery by a soldier named Vellito Ariulfo outside the walls of Zamora which he had besieged" and was buried "in Castile in the monastery of San Salvador de O�a"[419].� The "Cor�nicas" Navarras name "Belid Alf�ns" as the murderer of Sancho King of Castile[420].� [Betrothed to CONSTANZA, daughter of --- & his wife [Etiennette] [de Foix] (-after 29 Nov 1074).� Salazar y Acha discusses this possible betrothal and the identity of the betrothed[421].� The Cr�nica Najerense records that �infans domnus Sancius, quem rex Garsias Pampilonensium ex concubina habuerat� abducted �filiam regine Stephanie�, who was betrothed to �Santius rex�, and took her to the court of the Moorish king of Zaragoza and later to Ramiro I King of Aragon, triggering the war between Castille and Aragon during the course of which the Aragonese king was killed in 1064[422].� Salazar y Acha hypothesises that this alleged daughter of Stephanie de Foix, wife of Garc�a V King of Navarre, was Constanza, born from an otherwise unrecorded earlier marriage with a noble at the court of Barcelona[423].� He cites the charter dated 29 Nov 1074 under which Sancho IV King of Navarre granted �unas casas en la ciudad de Calahorra� to �germano meo domno Sancio et uxori vestra vel germana mea domna Constanza�[424], suggesting that it would be unusual for King Sancho to refer to his brother�s wife as �germana� unless there was also a blood relationship between them.� However, this hypothesis, although appealing, appears unlikely to be correct because Queen Estefania does not include Constanza in her testament dated to [1066] which names all her other known children[425].]� m ([late 1070/before 26 Mar 1071]) ALBERTA, daughter of ---.� Florez cites two charters dated 26 Mar 1071 and 10 May 1071 which name "Alberta" as the wife of King Sancho but does not cite the primary sources[426].� "Sancius Rex Castell�cum uxore mea Alberta Regina" granted the se�or�o of the monastery of Rezmondo to "Veremundo Sandinez" by charter dated 26 Mar 1071[427].� Nothing is known about her except her name.� Reilly speculates that she was from outside Spain, her name being virtually unknown in the country at the time[428].� The name "Alberta" suggests a connection with "Audebert", used among the family of the Counts of P�rigord and La Marche.�

3. [TEGRIDIA de Castilla y Le�n (-after 31 Aug 1050).� Ferdinand I King of Castile confirmed the union of the monastery of San Mart�n del R�o with San Pedro de Carde�as by charter dated 31 Aug 1050, subscribed by "Sanctius prolis regis, Adefonsus filius regis, Garsea filio regis, Urraca filia regis, Tegridia filia regis�"[429].� It is possible that Tegridia in this document represents an error for Elvira, who is not named as a subscriber.]�

4. ELVIRA de Castilla y Le�n ([1037/39]-15 Nov 1101[430]).� The Chronicon Regum Legionensium names (in order) "Urraca, Sancho, Alfonso, Garc�a and Elvira" and the children of King Fernando and Queen Sancha[431].� She was her parents' third child, according to the Historia Silense[432].� "Fredernandus�Legionensis rex�cum coniuge mea regina dna Sancia et filiis meis" confirmed the privileges of Santiago de Compostela by charter dated 10 Mar 1065, subscribed by "Sancius filius regis, Adefonsus filius regis, Garsea filius regis, Urraca filia regis, Geloira filia regis�"[433].� Under the terms of the agreement of 1064 which divided her father's territories between her brothers, she and her sister were granted "all the monasteries of [the] kingdom in which they might live to their lives' end without the bond of a husband"341, the resulting lordship being known later as the "Infantado"342.� Titular Queen of Toro.� The bishops of Pamplona, Calahorra, Burgos and Castilla la Vieja confirmed the privileges of the monastery of San Mill�n de la Cogolla by charter dated 1067, in the presence of "regis Sancii, filii Fredinandi regis, domna Elvira germana regis�"[434].� "Geluira regina" donated property "in Lemabus villam�in Triacastella�et�in Valle Carcere" to Santiago de Compostela by charter dated 10 Dec 1068, subscribed by "Veremudus proles Hordonii com�"[435].� "Burgensis dominans, tocius Castelle rex�Sancius" donated property to the monastery of San Mill�n de la Cogolla by charter dated 18 Jan [1070], subscribed by "domna Urraca soror regis, domna Elvira soror regis�"[436].� �Urraca et Elvira Ferdinandi Imperatoris magni fili�� transferred the church of Auca to �ecclesiam S. Maride Campo de Gamonare� by charter dated 1074[437].� "Urraka [et]�Gelvira sorores mihi" consented to a donation to Cluny by "Adefonsus�princeps" dated 22 May 1077[438].� "Urraca soror regis, Gelvira soror regis�" subscribed the charter dated 17 Aug 1077 which records an agreement between Bishop Diego Pel�ez and the abbot of Antealtares, San Fagundo[439].� "Geloira Fredinandi principis filia" donated the monastery of Pilo�o to Santiago de Compostela by charter dated 25 Apr 1087[440].� "�Urraka Giluira Ferdinandi regis et Santie regine filia�" subscribed the charter dated 14 Mar 1099 under which Alfonso VI King of Castile donated the monastery of Santa Mar�a de Algadefe to the monastery of Eslonza[441].� "Geloira Fredenandi principis", on her deathbed, confirmed her donation of the monastery of Pilo�o to Santiago de Compostela by charter dated 13 Nov 1100, subscribed by "Urraca soror eius"[442].� The Anales Toledanos record the death in 1099 of �la Ifant Geloira�[443].�

5. ALFONSO de Castilla y Le�n (Compostela [1038/40]-Toledo 1 Jul 1109, bur Sahag�n, Le�n, San Mancio chapel in the royal monastery of Santos Facundo y Primitivo).� The Chronicon Regum Legionensium names (in order) "Urraca, Sancho, Alfonso, Garc�a and Elvira" and the children of King Fernando and Queen Sancha[444].� His parentage is confirmed by "Adefonsus rex Leonum" naming "Fridenandi patris mei Regis [et] Sanctie matris mee regine" in a charter dated 10 Jul 1077[445].� Under the partition of lands in his father�s will, he received Le�n and the parias from the Taifa state of Toledo, succeeding in 1065 as ALFONSO VI King of Le�n.� He succeeded after the death of his brother in 1072 as ALFONSO VI King of Castile.�

�� -�� see below.�

6. GARC�A de Castilla y Le�n ([1042]-castle of Luna 22 Mar 1090, bur Le�n[446]).� The Chronicon Regum Legionensium names (in order) "Urraca, Sancho, Alfonso, Garc�a and Elvira" and the children of King Fernando and Queen Sancha[447].� Ferdinand I King of Castile confirmed the union of the monastery of San Mart�n del R�o with San Pedro de Carde�as by charter dated 31 Aug 1050, subscribed by "Sanctius prolis regis, Adefonsus filius regis, Garsea filio regis, Urraca filia regis, Tegridia filia regis�"[448].� "Fredernandus�Legionensis rex�cum coniuge mea regina dna Sancia et filiis meis" confirmed the privileges of Santiago de Compostela by charter dated 10 Mar 1065, subscribed by "Sancius filius regis, Adefonsus filius regis, Garsea filius regis, Urraca filia regis, Geloira filia regis�"[449].� Under the partition of lands in his father�s will, he received Galicia and the parias from the Taifa states of Seville and Badajoz, succeeding 1065 as GARCIA King of Galicia.� He consolidated his power in Portugal by forcibly requiring Garc�a M��oz, a powerful Portuguese noble, to donate his territories in 1066[450] but by 1069 King Garc�a was having difficulty maintaining his authority in Galicia.� He defeated and killed conde Mu�o Men�ndez at Pedrosa Fen in 1071, but by Jun 1071 he had been captured by his brothers who divided his territories between them.� He was exiled to the taifa of Seville.� He returned after the murder of his brother Sancho.� His brother King Alfonso VI invited him to meet 13 Feb 1073, but took him prisoner.� He remained in prison for life in the castle of Luna in northern Le�n[451].� The Chronicon Regum Legionensium records that King Alfonso captured "his brother Garc�a�by a cunning trick" and kept him in chains "twenty years and more", and that Garc�a bled himself to death and was buried in Le�n[452].� The Annales Compostellani record the death �XI Kal Apr� in 1090 of �Garsias Rex�[453].� The Chronicon Compostellani records the death �XI Kal Apr� in 1090 of �Garsea� after being held in prison since 1073[454].� The Annales Complutense record the death in 1082 of �Garsia Rex�[455], although many of the dates in this source are inaccurate.� [Mistress:---.� The name of Garc�a's possible mistress is not known.� One possible illegitimate child:]

a) [FERNANDO Garc�a.� Reilly[456] suggests that Fernando Garc�a [de Castro], Se�or de Hita y Uceda may have been the illegitimate son of Garc�a King of Galicia, son of Fernando I King of Castile and Le�n, born during his father's period of imprisonment, therefore after 1073.� The chronology of this suggestion would be in doubt if Fernando's son, Gutierre, was a young adult in 1105 but, as explained in the document ASTURIAS, GALICIA, LEON NOBILITY, this is difficult to sustain.� No confirmation has yet been found in contemporary documentation that King Garc�a had an illegitimate child, so this theory must remain an interesting speculation.]��

ALFONSO de Castilla y Le�n, son of FERNANDO I "el Magno" King of Castile and Le�n & his wife Sancha de Le�n (Compostela [1038/40]-Toledo 30 Jun 1109, bur Sahag�n, Le�n, San Mancio chapel in the royal monastery of Santos Facundo y Primitivo).� The Chronicon Regum Legionensium names (in order) "Urraca, Sancho, Alfonso, Garc�a and Elvira" and the children of King Fernando and Queen Sancha[457].� According to the Chronicle of Sahag�n, Alfonso was 72 years old when he died[458], but this must be overstated if he was his parents' fourth child as stated in Historia Silense[459].� It is more likely that he was born in [1038/40].� Ferdinand I King of Castile confirmed the union of the monastery of San Mart�n del R�o with San Pedro de Carde�as by charter dated 31 Aug 1050, subscribed by "Sanctius prolis regis, Adefonsus filius regis, Garsea filio regis, Urraca filia regis, Tegridia filia regis�"[460].� "Fredernandus�Legionensis rex�cum coniuge mea regina dna Sancia et filiis meis" confirmed the privileges of Santiago de Compostela by charter dated 10 Mar 1065, subscribed by "Sancius filius regis, Adefonsus filius regis, Garsea filius regis, Urraca filia regis, Geloira filia regis�"[461].� Under the partition of lands in his father�s will, he received Le�n and the parias from the Taifa state of Toledo, succeeding in 1065 as ALFONSO VI King of Le�n.� Relations between Alfonso and his two brothers were tense.� Although Alfonso and Sancho cooperated to deprive their brother Garc�a of Galicia, Sancho turned against Alfonso soon afterwards and defeated him at Golpejera Jan 1072.� He was exiled to Toledo, seeking refuge with the Dhul-Nunid King[462].� He returned to Le�n after the murder of his brother, arriving [10] Nov 1072, and was accepted before 8 Dec 1072 as ALFONSO VI King of Castile.� Pursuing his father's close connections with the monastery of Cluny, he granted the order its first monastic house in Castile at San Isidro de Due�as 29 May 1073, as well as doubling the annual census payment to Cluny in 1077[463].� The Roman liturgy was adopted in Castile and Le�n in 1076.� After the death in Jun 1076 of Sancho IV ��l de Pe�al�n� King of Navarre, King Alfonso succeeded as King of Navarre: a charter dated 1076 records that Alfonso VI King of Castile ("Adefonsus filius Fredinandi regis") succeeded to the kingdom after "impiisima fraude interfecto rege Sancio, Garsie...regis filius"[464].� Pope Gregory VII asserted papal suzerainty over Spain 28 Jun 1077, although King Alfonso's response appears to have been to declare� himself "imperator totius hispaniae", the first known use of this title being 17 Oct 1077[465].� King Alfonso VI took advantage of the assassination of Sancho IV King of Navarre in 1076 to invade Navarre, annexing La Rioja, �lava, Vizcaya and Guip�zcoa to Castile.� Turning his attention to the reconquest of Moorish territories, Alfonso recaptured Toledo 25 May 1085, besieged Zaragoza in 1086, and also imposed his Government on the kingdom of Valencia, where he installed as ruler the deposed al-Qadir ex-taifa King of Toledo.� His ambitions were, however, thwarted by al-Mu'tamid King of Seville who, with the help of Yusuf bin Tashfin Emir of the Almoravids, defeated King Alfonso at Sagrajas near Badajoz 23 Oct 1086.� The Almoravids rapidly consolidated their position, absorbing the taifa kingdoms of Granada and Seville and subduing Ja�n, Almer�a, Denia and Murcia.� Undeterred, Alfonso recaptured C�rdoba in 1091, and persuade Al-Mutawakkil of Badajoz to cede him Lisbon, Santarem and Sintra between 30 Apr and 8 May 1093, although Badajoz itself was captured by the Almoravids in early 1094.� Meanwhile Rodrigo D�az "el Cid" recaptured Valencia, establishing himself there as an autonomous prince.� Previously his bitter enemy, Alfonso eventually united with him to fight the Moors.� He also spread the call overseas, especially in France, for a general crusade to fight 'the infidel'.� "Adefonsus rex Legionis et totius Hispanie imperator atque Fredenandi filius regis" granted privileges to Santiago de Compostela, with the advice of "generis mei comitis domini Raimundi", by charter dated 28 Jan 1090[466].� The end of his reign was marred by a crushing defeat at Ucl�s 29 May 1108, where his son was killed.� The Chronicon Regum Legionensium records that King Alfonso lived for 79 years and reigned for 43 years and six months, died in Toledo 1 Jul "in the era 1147 (1109)" and was buried "in the church of saints Facundus and Primitivus"[467].� The Chronicon Lusitanum records the death �III Kal Jul� in 1147 (1109) of �Rex D. Alfonsus Regis D. Fernandi filius�[468].�

Betrothed (by proxy Caen, Abbey of Holy Trinity before [1069]) to AGATHE de Normandie, daughter of WILLIAM I King of England Duc de Normandie & his wife Mathilde de Flandres ([1064]-before 1074, bur Bayeux Cathedral).� According to William of Malmesbury, an unnamed daughter of King William was "affianced by messengers" to King Alfonso[469].� Orderic Vitalis names her Agatha, identifying her as the daughter who had been betrothed to Harold Godwinson (see above), and says that she was betrothed to "Amfursio regi Gallici�"[470].� Matthew of Paris places her as the fifth daughter (unnamed) betrothed to "Aldefonso Galici� regi" but different from the daughter betrothed to Harold[471].� Orderic says that she died en route to Spain, her body being brought back to Bayeux for burial[472].� The betrothal to Alfonso must have been a short-lived arrangement as he married his first wife in 1069[473].�

m firstly (betrothed 1069, [late 1073/early 1074], repudiated after 22 May 1077) [as her first husband,] AGNES d�Aquitaine, daughter of GUILLAUME VIII Duke of Aquitaine [GUILLAUME VI Comte de Poitou] & his second wife Mathilde --- ([1059]-[6 Jun 1078 or after 1099], bur [Sahag�n, Le�n, royal monastery of Santos Facundo y Primitivo]).� The Chronicle of Saint-Maxence records that the only daughter of "Goffredus" and his second wife was the wife of "Hildefonsi regis, filii Freelandi et nepotis Garsii", in a later passage recording their marriage in 1069[474].� She was known as IN�S in Castile.� The Chronicon Regum Legionensium names "Ines" ("Agnetam") as the first of the "five legitimate wives" of King Alfonso[475].� The De Rebus Hispani� of Rodericus Ximenes names "Agnes" as first wife of "rex Aldefonsus"[476].� "Agnes regina" confirmed the donation to Cluny by "Adefonsus�princeps" dated 22 May 1077[477].� No later reference has been found in charters to Queen In�s.� Reports of her subsequent history are mutually contradictory.� Orderic Vitalis refers to the second marriage of "Agnetem filiam Guillelmi Pictavorum ducis relictam Hildefonsi senioris Galiciae regis" with H�lie Comte du Maine[478].� However, Sandoval records that "la Reyna Do�a Ines" died 6 Jun 1078 according to "las memorias del tumbo negro de Santiago"[479].� The accuracy of this statement is uncertain as, in the same passage, Sandoval states that the same source records the death in the same year "II Kal Jun" of "Sancius Rex filius Alfonsi Regis".� This latter entry presumably refers to the death of Sancho, son of King Alfonso VI, at the battle of Ucl�s in 1108, but it casts doubt on the accuracy of the year of the death of Queen In�s.� Another date is introduced by the Annales Compostellani which record the death "VIII Id Jun" in 1098 of �Regina Agnes�[480].� This is the same day and month as stated in the tumbo negro, so it is possible that the year is wrongly given, although it is also possible that the Annales Compostelani are referring to the death of the wife of Pedro I King of Aragon (who must have died in 1097 or before).� Reilly[481] says that Queen Constanza was buried next to Queen In�s, which implies that the latter predeceased her successor.� The primary source on which this is based has not yet been identified, although if it is correct it does seem surprising that the repudiated queen remained in Castile until she died and that she was buried in the royal monastery.� If Orderic Vitalis is correct, Queen In�s must have been repudiated by her husband and later returned to France where she married secondly (after 1099) as his second wife, H�lie Comte du Maine.� Another possibility is that Orderic�s passage misstates the name "Agnetem" for "Beatricem", and that the second wife of Comte H�lie was King Alfonso VI�s widow Beatrix whose family origin is not otherwise recorded and who would therefore have been a younger daughter of Duke Guillaume VIII (see below).� According to Kerrebrouck[482], Agn�s d'Aquitaine never existed.� He says that the first wife of King Alfonso VI was In�s de Guzm�n, although he does not name her parents or precise origin.�

m secondly (Dec 1079) as her second husband, CONSTANCE de Bourgogne, widow of HUGUES [II] Comte de Chalon, daughter of ROBERT I Duke of Burgundy [Capet] & his first wife H�lie de Semur ([after 1045]-[25 Jul/25 Oct] 1093, bur Sahag�n, Le�n, royal monastery of Santos Facundo y Primitivo).� The Chronicon Trenorciensi records that "Constanti�filia Roberti Ducis" married firstly "Hugonis Cabilonensis Comitis" and secondly "Hispani� Rex Adefonsus "[483].� Considering the estimated date of her first marriage, it is unlikely that Constance was born before [1045].� A charter dated 1087 of "Ducem Burgundi� Oddonem" recalls a donation to Tournus abbey by "comitissa Cabillonensis filia Rotberti ducis", after the death of "mariti sui Hugonis comitis", adding that she subsequently became "Regina Gallici� et Hispaniarum"[484].� "Infanta donna Urraka Regis domni Adefonsi filia" names her mother "Constantie regina" in her donation to Cluny dated 22 Feb 1117 "Spanish Era"[485], although the date was presumably AD as 1117 Spanish Era was equivalent to 1079 AD.� An early 12th century document at Fleury records that "filiam Roberti ducis Bugundionem�Constantiam" married Alfonso VI King of Castile and was mother of a daughter who married "Raymundo comiti"[486].� The Chronicon Regum Legionensium names "Queen Constance" as the second of the "five legitimate wives" of King Alfonso[487].� Her second marriage date is estimated based on the likely estimated death date of her first husband in [Nov/early Dec] 1079 and her subscribing a document dated 25 Dec 1079 at Due�as with her second husband[488].� Queen Constance was instrumental in having the Roman rite replace the Visigothic rite in the churches of Castile.� "Adefonsus�Hispaniarum rex�cum coniuge mea Constantia regina" donated property to the monastery of San Salvador de O�a by charter dated 1 May 1092[489].� The date of her death is fixed by her last known mention in a charter dated 25 Jul 1093 and a donation by King Alfonso to the monastery of Sahag�n dated 25 Oct 1093, which does not include Queen Constanza's name in the subscription list[490].� The 13th century history of Sahag�n monastery records that "la Reyna Do�a Constanza" was buried in the monastery[491].� P�rez�s history of Sahag�n monastery, published in 1782, states that "Do�a Berta�Reyna�est� enterrada no lejos de Do�a Constanza en la Capilla" of the monastery, but does not quote the inscription which confirms this statement[492].�

m thirdly ([Dec] 1094) BERTA, daughter of --- (-early Jan 1100, bur Sahag�n, Le�n, royal monastery of Santos Facundo y Primitivo).� The Chronicon Regum Legionensium names "Berta, who was of Tuscan descent" as the third of the "five legitimate wives" of King Alfonso[493].� The De Rebus Hispani� of Rodericus Ximenes names "Berta ex Tusca oriunda" as third wife of "rex Aldefonsus"[494].� Las cr�nicas an�nimas de Sahag�n refer to her as "otra mugger de la nacion de Lombardia llamada Berta".� The precise origin of Berta is not known.� According to Europ�ische Stammtafeln[495], she was Berta de Bourgogne [Comt�], daughter of Guillaume I Comte Palatin de Bourgogne, Comte de Vienne et de Macon, which is inconsistent with the "Tuscan descent" reported in the Chronicon Regum Legionensium.� Szabolcs de Vajay suggests that she was the daughter of Guillaume Comte de Bourgogne[496].� Reilly does not mention this possible Burgundian origin of Berthe, implying that the Castilian king chose his third wife from outside the Burgundian circle in order to diminish the influence of the Burgundians at court.� As Berthe de Bourgogne would have been the sister of Raymond de Bourgogne who married Infanta Urraca, oldest legitimate daughter of King Alfonso, around the same time that King Alfonso married Queen Berta, it is surprising that the chronicles do not refer to this relationship if it is correct. The references to "Tuscia" and "Lombardia" in the chronicles could be consistent with the family of Bourgogne [Comt�] having originated in northern Italy, their ancestors being Marchesi of Ivrea until 968, although this was nearly 130 years before the date of Queen Berta's marriage.� Reilly dates this marriage to "during the Christmas season of 1094", but does not state his source[497].� In a later passage, Reilly states that the first reference to Berta as queen is dated 28 Apr 1095[498].� "Adefonsus�Ispanie imperator" permitted the abbey of Silos to establish outposts near the abbey, with the consent of "uxoris mee Berte regine", by charter dated 20 Jan [1096/98], confirmed by "Garcia Ordoniz et comes�Gomiz Gon�alviz armiger regis, Fernando Munoz maiordomus regis, Didago Albariz, Fernando Ansuriz, Gutier Munoz, Ruderico Gon�alviz, Monio Roderiquiz, Didago Bermudez, Petro Gon�alviz�"[499].� "Adefonsus�totius Hispanie imperator" granted rights to the abbey of Silos, with the consent of "uxoris mee Berte regine", by charter dated 19 May 1097[500].� "Adefonsus�tocius Ispanie imperator" donated property to the abbey of Silos, with the consent of "uxoris mee Berte regine", by charter dated 30 Sep 1098, confirmed by the same persons as in the earlier charter dated 20 Jan [1096/98][501].� "�Berta�regina�" subscribed the charter dated 14 Mar 1099 under which Alfonso VI King of Castile donated the monastery of Santa Mar�a de Algadefe to the monastery of Eslonza[502].� According to Reilly, Queen Berta died shortly after the new year 1100, probably before 16 Jan[503].� In another passage, he notes that the last notice of her is dated 17 Nov 1099[504].� She was dead in 25 Jan 1100, the date of the charter under which "Adefonsus�Toletani imperii rex" donated the churches of "Sancti Facundi et Sancti Primitivi�cum sua villa�Villaverde", ceded by "comitis Monini Fernandis�in vita sua dederam uxori mee Berte regine", to Cluny, confirmed by "Raimundus totius Gallecie comes et gener regis, Urraca soror regis, Urraca regis filia et Raimundi comitis uxor, Enricus Portugalensis comes, uxor ipsius Tarasia filia regis�"[505].� The 13th century history of Sahag�n monastery records that "la Reyna Do�a Berta" died "apenas cumplidos seis a�os en el matrimonio" and was buried in the monastery[506].� P�rez�s history of Sahag�n monastery, published in 1782, states that "Do�a Berta�Reyna�est� enterrada no lejos de Do�a Constanza en la Capilla" of the monastery, but does not quote the inscription which confirms this statement[507].�

[m fourthly ([Burgos] 1100 before 14 May) ISABEL [Elisabeth], daughter of --- (-before Mar 1106, bur Royal Pantheon of San Isidor de Le�n).� The Chronicon Regum Legionensium names "Elizabeth" as the fourth of the "five legitimate wives" of King Alfonso, stating that she was the mother of "Sancha the wife of count Rodrigo and Elvira who married Duke Roger of Sicily"[508].� According to Reilly, her first documentary mention is dated 14 May 1100, but he does not cite the reference[509].� "Adefonsus�totius Hispanie imperator" donated property to the monastery of San Salvador de O�a with the consent of "uxoris mee Helisabeth regine" by charter dated 12 Dec 1075[510], although this date is clearly incorrect.� "Aldefonsus rex Yspaniarum�cum�coniuge mee Helisabeth regine" donated property to the monastery of San Salvador de O�a by charter dated 1086[511], also clearly misdated.� "Adefonsus Rex Imperator Ispanie et Regina Elisabeth" protected the grazing rights of Valladolid Santa Mar�a by charter dated 1100[512].� "Adefonsus totius Ispanie imperator" donated property to the monastery of San Salvador de O�a with the consent of "uxoris mee Helisabet regine" by charter dated 23 Mar 1103[513].� Her origin is not known.� Reilly assumes a French origin, speculating that she belonged to a younger branch of the house of Burgundy, but quotes no documentary evidence for this or any other French origin[514].� It used to be widely accepted that she was the daughter of Louis VI King of France, based on a funerary inscription, but this is chronologically impossible.� Her existence is questionable and it is possible that she was in fact the same person as Isabel n�e Za�da, shown below as King Alfonso's fifth wife.� The question of the separate existence of King Alfonso VI's fourth wife would be resolved if we knew there had been two different memorials to "Queen Elisabeth" in the Royal Pantheon, but it appears that a record of these memorials no longer exists.� According to Reilly, she is last named in a charter dated 14 May 1107[515], but it is more likely that this document refers to Queen Isabel/Elisabeth n�e Za�da (see below).]�

m fifthly (Mar 1106) as her second husband, ZA�DA, widow of ABU NASIR al Fatah al Ma'Mun Emir of C�rdoba, daughter of --- (-13 Sep 1107, bur Royal Pantheon of San Isidor at Le�n).� The Chronicon Regum Legionensium names "Zaida, the daughter of King Abenabeth of Seville, who was baptised�Elisabeth" as the second of two concubines of King Alfonso, and their son "Sancho who died at the battle of Ucles"[516].� The Chronicon de Carde�a records that King Alfonso married �Mora, que decien la Cayda, sobrina de Abenafanle� who was mother of his son Sancho[517].� Her first marriage is confirmed by the Bayan al Mugrib of Ibn Idari which names "le fils d�Alphonse, Sancho, qu�il avait eu de l��pouse d�Al Mamun ibn Abbad" when recording the battle of Ucl�s[518].� Salazar y Acha attempts to explain these three apparently contradictory sources by suggesting that Zaida could have been the daughter of "un hermano mayor�Ismail ibn Abbad" of Mohammed al-Mutamid, noting particularly the practice of endogamous marriages in the Muslim dynasties[519].� As noted above, Ismail is recorded as the brother of al-Mutatid and so would have been the paternal uncle of al-Mutamid.� From a chronological point of view therefore Salazar y Acha�s suggestion appears untenible, although Zaida could have been another relative, maybe the daughter of an otherwise unrecorded brother of al-Mutamid.� Alberto Montaner Frutos also discusses Za�da, in particular relating to legends which have developed in connection with her history[520].� Reilly[521] dates the start of her relationship with King Alfonso to late 1091 or 1092, suggesting its diplomatic importance would have been greatest after the fall of C�rdoba in Mar 1091 but before the fall of Badajoz in early 1094.� This seems supported by the likelihood that their son Sancho was at least 15 years old when he was killed at the battle of Ucl�s in May 1108.� Za�da was christened ISABEL[522], date not known.� Reilly cites a document of Galician origin dated 27 Mar 1106 which indicates that King Alfonso had married "Helisabet" shortly before[523].� Reilly[524] quotes a charter granted at Oviedo 19 Mar 1106 which lists members of the royal family, naming "Elisabeth" directly before "Sancho", which presumably refer to Za�da and her son.� "�Helisabet Regina, Reimundus comes, Urraca regis filia, Sancius filius regis�" subscribed the charter dated 14 May 1107 under which "Adefonsus�Toletani imperii rex�cum�uxore mea Helisabet regina" approved the mint of Santiago de Compostela[525].� Reilly assumes that the reference is to King Alfonso�s presumed fourth wife Isabel (Elizabeth)[526], but it appears more likely that the document refers to Za�da.� Reilly says that her sepulchral inscription (presumably now lost) reportedly stated that she had died in childbirth on 13 Sep, without giving the year, and in a later passage that the inscription stated that this was the "second ferial day", which he interprets as meaning a Monday or Thursday[527].� If the charters dated 1106 and 1107 correctly refer to Zaida, the year must have been 1107 assuming that King Alfonso married his sixth wife in 1108.� P�rez�s history of Sahag�n monastery, published in 1782, states that Queen Isabel was buried "en la Capilla mayor" of the monastery, but does not quote the inscription which confirms this statement[528].�

m sixthly ([Apr] 1108) [as her first husband,] BEATRIX, daughter of --- (-after 1109).� The Chronicon Regum Legionensium names "Beatrice" as the fifth of the "five legitimate wives" of King Alfonso[529].� The De Rebus Hispani� of Rodericus Ximenes names "Beatrix ex partibus Gallicanis" as fifth wife of "rex Aldefonsus"[530].� According to the Chronicon Regum Legionensium, she "returned to her own country" after the king died[531].� No primary source has been identified which indicates her family origin.� Orderic Vitalis refers to the second marriage of "Agnetem filiam Guillelmi Pictavorum ducis relictam Hildefonsi senioris Galiciae regis" with H�lie Comte du Maine[532].� As noted above, it appears unlikely that this passage could refer to King Alfonso�s first wife named Agnes, whose death before the king�s second marriage is indicated (although not conclusively) by primary sources.� It is therefore possible that the entry relates to the king�s sixth wife, the name "Agnetem" being an error for "Beatricem".� If this was correct, she would have been Beatrix, daughter of Guillaume VIII Duke of Aquitaine [Guillaume VI Comte de Poitou] & his third wife Hildegarde de Bourgogne [Capet], this parentage being the most probable from a chronological point of view if she was the daughter of one of the dukes of Aquitaine.� In this case, she would have married secondly (after Jun 1109) as his second wife, H�lie Comte du Maine.�

[533]Mistress (1): ([1080]) JIMENA Mu�oz, daughter of [MUNIO Mu�oz & his wife Velasquita ---] (-Espinareda del Bierzo 1128, after 25 May, maybe 23 Jul, bur San Andres de Espinareda).� The Chronicon Regum Legionensium names "Jimena Mu�oz" as the first of two concubines of King Alfonso, and their daughters "Elvira the wife of count Raymond of Toulouse�and Teresa the wife of Count Henry"[534].� The Chronicon de Carde�a names �Ximena Nu�ez� as mother of the king�s daughters �la Infant Do�a Elvira � la Infant Do�a Teresa�[535].� The precise parentage of Jimena Mu�oz has been the subject of considerable debate over recent years. �The common connection with Ulver, where she was recorded, appears conclusive in determining that she was closely related to Munio Mu�oz who was also recorded in the same castle (see the document GALICIA NOBILITY).� Her birth date, estimated from her having given birth to two children in the early 1080s, suggests that she was his daughter rather than his sister (assuming that Munio�s parents are correctly identified as Munio Rodr�guez and Jimena Ord��ez).� Kerrebrouck states that Jimena M��oz was King Alfonso VI's second wife, married before the end of 1078 (marriage annulled), but this is chronologically difficult to maintain.� King Alfonso's relationship with Jimena lasted long enough to produce two children.� As noted above, the last documentary reference to Queen In�s was dated 22 May 1077 while King Alfonso's marriage to Queen Constance took place in late 1079.� This leaves insufficient time for the king to have married and had two legitimate children by Jimena.� The reference in Kerrebrouck to the annulment of King Alfonso's alleged marriage to Jimena is presumably based on Pope Gregory VII's letter of 27 Jun 1080 which, among other things, objected to King Alfonso's "marriage" on the grounds of consanguinity.� The letter does not name the wife whose marriage was objected to, but Reilly appears correct in concluding that "it can be no other than Queen Constance herself", given the likely date of her marriage and the likely date of birth of her daughter Urraca[536].� Reilly suggests that King Alfonso VI's relationship with Jimena started in [1081/82][537].� "Monnio Moniz, uxor sua Velasquita, Xemena Moniz, Petro Velaz, Sol Sancxiz�" subscribed the charter dated 1 Oct 1085 under which "Gelvira Petriz�cum viro meo�Godino Citiz" donated property in Priaranza to the monastery of San Pedro de Montes[538].� The dating clause of a charter dated 7 Feb 1093, under which "Petro Quizaz" sold property in Salas de los Barrios to the monastery of San Pedro de Montes, names "Scemena Monniz in Ulver"[539].� ["Garcia Monnuiz�cum uxor mea Fronille Annalaz cognomento Sol et Pelayo Monniuz et Auro Villito et Monniuz" donated property in Jagoaza to the monastery of San Pedro de Montes, and "Xemeno Monniuz" sold "mea porcione quam habui inter fratres meos" of the same property, by charter dated 26 Sep [1095][540].� It is possible that "Xemeno Monniuz" in this document is an error for "Xemena Monniuz".� However, the dating clause which names "Comes Froyla Didaz imperante in ipsa terra de Iorres" suggests that the property was in a different area from "Ulver" and therefore that the two families were unrelated.]� The dating clause of a charter dated 17 Dec 1096, under which "Vellite Ferrudiz et uxor mea Falella" sold property in Salas de los Barrios to the monastery of San Pedro de Montes, names "�Xemena Munniz in Ulver"[541].� The dating clause of a charter dated 21 Mar 1097, under which "Maria" donated property in Rimor to the monastery of San Pedro de Montes, names "Donna Xemena Monniz imperante ipsa terra de Ulver"[542].� "Xemena Munniz" donated property in Salas de los Barrios to the monastery of San Pedro de Montes by charter dated 26 Apr 1101[543].� "Potestas in illa terra donna Xemena" and "Xemena Monnuz imperante terra de Ulver" is named in dating clauses of other charters which record donations to San Pedro de Montes, dated 1099, 29 Jun 1100, 26 Aug [1103], 19 Apr [1104], 19 Jan [1107][544].� The dating clause of charters dated between [1115] and 15 May 1118 name "Johanne Petriz potestate in Ulver", and from 6 Mar 1126 "Ramiro Froilaz"[545], suggesting that the Mu�oz family moved from the castle in [1107/15].� "Ximena Munniz" donated property in "Trebalio et Turres" to "nepotis mei�Garcie Fernandiz" by charter dated 18 Apr 1127[546].� Jimena Mu�oz donated property in "la villa de Torres, discurrente rivulo Orbico, territorio Astoricensis" to the Order of St John by charter dated 18 Sep 1127[547].� "Jimena Mu�iz" donated property "en Villar de Salas en el Bierzo" to Astorga Cathedral by charter dated 25 May 1128[548]. �Do�a Jimena retired to the Benedictine convent of Esinareda del Bierzo.� The necrology of Le�n Cathedral records the death �X Kal Aug� of �Xemena Moniz�[549].� Sandoval records that "Ximena Nu�ez" was buried in "San Andres de Espinareda"[550].� An inscription in the monastery of Espinareda records the death in 1128 of "Semena Alphonsi vidui regis amica", although Rodr�guez Gonz�lez highlights the opinion that the monument is a later forgery[551].� Sandoval records that "Ximena Nu�ez" was buried in "San Andres de Espinareda"[552].�

King Alfonso VI & his second wife had one child:�

1. Infanta[553] do�a URRACA de Castilla y Le�n (late 1080[554]-Salda�a 8 Mar 1126, bur Le�n, Monastery of San Isidro).� The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Waracta filia imperatoris Fernandi"[555].� She succeeded her father in 1109 as URRACA I Queen of Castile and Le�n.�

-�� see below.�

King Alfonso VI & his fifth wife had three children (born before the marriage of their parents):

2. Infante don SANCHO de Castilla y Le�n (Sep 1093[556]-killed in battle Ucl�s 29 May 1108).� The Chronicon Regum Legionensium names "Zaida, the daughter of King Abenabeth of Seville, who was baptised�Elisabeth" as the second of two concubines of King Alfonso, and their son "Sancho who died at the battle of Ucles"[557].� Legitimated by the subsequent marriage of his parents.� Ruling in Medinaceli 1107[558].� "�Sancius infans Toletani imperatoris filius" subscribed the charter dated 23 Mar 1103 under which "Adefonsus totius Ispanie imperator" donated property to the monastery of San Salvador de O�a with the consent of "uxoris mee Helisabet regine"[559].� "�Helisabet Regina, Reimundus comes, Urraca regis filia, Sancius filius regis�" subscribed the charter dated 14 May 1107 under which "Adefonsus�Toletani imperii rex�cum�uxore mea Helisabet regina" approved the mint of Santiago de Compostela[560].� He was formally recognised as heir to the throne at the council of Le�n [May] 1107[561].� The Anales Toledanos record that �Infant D. Sancho � al Conde D. Garcia� were killed �cerca de Ucl�s III Kal Jun� in 1108[562].�

3. Infanta do�a SANCHA de Castilla y Le�n ([1100/16 Mar 1104]-after 10 May 1125).� The Chronicon Regum Legionensium names "Sancha the wife of count Rodrigo and Elvira who married Duke Roger of Sicily" as the daughters of King Alfonso and his fourth "legitimate wife�Elisabeth"[563].� Both daughters are named in a charter dated 16 Mar 1104[564].� In view of the dates of their marriages, it is unlikely that they were born much before this date.� This suggests that their mother may have been King Alfonso's fifth wife, formerly known by her Muslim name Za�da, although if their estimated birth dates are correct there would have been an interval of several years between their births and the birth of their older brother Sancho, which seems surprising.� "Comite domno Roderico Gonzalvus cum uxore mea Sandecia prolis filia regis Adephonsus" donated the monastery of San Mames to Santa Mar�a de Piasca by charter dated "mense Iulii, Era 1100" (misdated)[565].� m (1120 or 1122) as his first wife, RODRIGO Gonz�lez de Lara Se�or de Lara y Li�bana, son of GONZALO N��ez & his wife Goto --- (-after 1143).�

4. Infanta do�a ELVIRA de Castilla y Le�n ([1100/16 Mar 1104]-8 Feb 1135).� The Chronicon Regum Legionensium names "Sancha the wife of count Rodrigo and Elvira who married Duke Roger of Sicily" as the daughters of King Alfonso and his fourth "legitimate wife�Elisabeth"[566].� Both daughters are named in a charter dated 16 Mar 1104[567].� In view of the dates of their marriages, it is unlikely that they were born much before this date.� This suggests that their mother may have been King Alfonso's fifth wife, formerly known by her Muslim name Za�da, although if their estimated birth dates are correct there would have been an interval of several years between their births and the birth of their older brother Sancho, which seems surprising.� In the case of Elvira, there is another factor which suggests that Za�da may have been her mother, which is discussed below.� The Annals of Romoald name "Albiriam filiam regis Yspanie" as wife of "rex Rogerius�cum esset comes et iuvenis"[568].� According to Reilly, Elvira daughter of King Alfonso by "Elisabeth" married Fernando Fern�ndez[569].� If this was correct, it would mean that King Roger's wife was King Alfonso's daughter by Jimena Mu�oz (see below), which seems unlikely given the estimated birth date of the older Elvira.� It would also mean that King Roger's wife was the widow of Raymond de Saint-Gilles Comte de Toulouse.� However, if that was the case, it would be surprising that the fact was not mentioned in contemporary chronicles, considering how widely Raymond's crusading exploits were recorded.� Assuming that Za�da was the mother of King Roger's wife, her half-Muslim extraction may have been a factor which favoured the marriage, as King Roger's good relations with the largely Muslim population of Sicily was fundamental to the success of his dynasty in the island.� The De Rebus Gestis Rogerii Sicili� Regis of Alessandro Abbot of Telese records the death of "Alberia regina", dated to [1134/35] from the context[570]. �The Chronicle of Romualdo Guarna records the deaths of "Albyria�regina�et filia eius�Tarentinus princeps et Anfusus Capuanorum princeps et Henricus", recorded in a section dealing with 1145 although the text appears to be recapitalitive of earlier events[571].� m ([1117]) as his first wife, ROGER II Count of Sicily, son of ROGER I Count of Sicily & his third wife Adelaida di Savona [Monferrato] (22 Dec 1095-Palermo 26 Feb 1154, bur Palermo Cathedral).� He was crowned in 1130 as ROGER II King of Sicily.�

King Alfonso VI had two illegitimate children by Mistress (1):�

5. [Infanta do�a] ELVIRA Alfonso ([1080/81]-15 Nov [1156]).� The Chronicon Regum Legionensium names "Jimena Mu�oz" as the first of two concubines of King Alfonso, and their daughters "Elvira the wife of count Raymond of Toulouse�and Teresa the wife of Count Henry"[572].� Her birth date is estimated from the birth of her first child "before 1097".� "Raimundus�comes et Provincie marchio" donated property to Saint-Victor, Marseille by charter dated 28 Jul 1094, also confirming donations by "Dulcis comitissa", signed by "Alvira comitissa"[573].� The bull of Pope Urban II dated 18 Feb 1095 announces that "Raimundus Tolosanus comes�cum uxore sua Hervira et filio Bertranno" abandoned his rights to altar offerings at the monastery of Saint-Gilles[574].� According to Guibert, Comte Raymond left on the First Crusade with his wife and son (both unnamed) "Qui quidem, naturali cuidam filio suo comitatu quem regebat relicto, propriam conjugem cum filio, quem ab ea exegerat, unico secum duxit"[575].� She left Palestine after her husband's death, arriving back in Toulouse with her infant son in 1108[576].� Her second marriage is confirmed by the charter dated 30 Jun 1117 under which "Enxemenia Gon�alvez" sold property granted "ad me et ad filio meo Monio Petriz�in territorio Lampreana villa�Villa Rein" by Queen Urraca to "Fernando Fernandiz�cum socia mea infans domna Elvira"[577], and by the charter dated 8 Jul 1117 under which "Fernanz Fernanniz�et uxor mea infanta donna Gelvira filia regis Alfonsi" donated "quartem partem de monasterio de Ferreries�in Gallicia in terra de Lemes juxta Pantonem" to Cluny[578].� Elvira�s second marriage is also indicated by the charter dated 18 Apr 1127 under which her mother "Ximena Munniz" donated property in "Trebalio et Turres" to "nepotis mei�Garcie Fernandiz"[579], and by the charter dated 1201 under which her great grand-daughter "Domna Xemena Osoriz" donated her property in Valdejunco, Valdunquillo, Villa Velasco, Fontamian, Villa Sanz, Carvajal, Villela, Otero, Mozos, Valdescapa, Barriales, Valle Vaniego, Ranero and in tierra de Cea to Sahag�n monastery, naming "aviam tuam Infantem Gelviram"[580], although the document does not clarify which of the two "Infantas Elvira" is referred to.� On the other hand, Reilly[581] says that Elvira, wife of Raymond IV Comte de Toulouse, did not return to Castile until after the death of Queen Urraca.� As mentioned above, he maintains that the wife of Fernando Fern�ndez was Elvira who was the daughter of King Alfonso VI by "Elisabeth".� As discussed above, it is more likely that the younger Elvira was the wife of Roger King of Sicily.� Canal S�nchez-Pang�n concludes that the wife of Fernando Fern�ndez was indeed the widow of Raymond IV Comte de Toulouse[582].� One difficulty is that Alphonse I Comte de Toulouse, son of Comte Raymond IV and Elvira, was declared of age only in 1121, although it is not known whether his mother acted as regent in Toulouse throughout his minority.� "Alvira Adefonso cum filiis meis" donated "civitate Cantavria�Sancti Vicencii de Lomba" to the knights of St John of Jerusalem by charter dated 26 Jun 1125, the dating clause of which records "�comite Fernando Fernandus adiutor et defensor"[583].� "Infans Geloira...imperatoris Hispanie Adefonsi filia...cum filiis meis Garsia, Didaco et Tarasia" donated property "in Uilla Frontin" to Le�n Santa Mar�a by charter dated 8 Sep 1133[584].� �Infans Geloira...imperatoris Hyspanie Adefonsi filia...cum filiis meis Didaco Fernandi et Tarasia� donated "in Villa Frontin" to Le�n Cathedral, for the soul of �filii mei Garsia Fernandi�, by charter dated 18 Aug 1136[585].� The dating clauses of charters dated 24 Oct 1137, 1 Nov 1137, 20 Nov 1137, 6 Nov 1139, 1 Oct 1143, 1 Nov 1149, 6 Jun [1153], and 19 Jun [1156], which record donations to the monastery of San Pedro de Montes, name "�Imperante Ribera donna Gelvira Infante"[586].� "Infans Geluira magni regis Adefonsi filia�cum filiis meis Didaco Fernandi et Taresia Fernandi" confirmed the rights of Astorga Cathedral over "monasterium�Sanctum Petrum de Forcellas" by charter dated 19 Jun 1142, confirmed by "comes domnus Ramirus, comes domnus Osorius, Didacus Munioz, comes domnus Fernandus"[587].� "Infante dompna Gelvira�domini Adefonsi regis filia" donated "in territorio de Ripeira�villa de Nozeta" to the monastery of San Pedro de Montes, confirmed by "Didacus Fernandiz�quod�mater mea prefata infante domina Gelvira facit" and by "Adefonsus�Yspanie imperator�mater tere mee et filiorum eius�infans domina Sancia soror ipsius imperatoris", by charter dated 29 Apr 1150, subscribed by "Poncius comes�Osorius Martiniz comes�Nunno Petriz armiger regis�Vela Guterriz dominante Capreyra, Petro Roderiquiz, Roderico Roderiquiz, Petro Didaz�"[588].� �Infantissa domina Aruira� donated "in Villa Frontine" to �Petro Diaz et uxor tua Marina Froilaz� by charter dated 28 Sep 1151, the dating clause of which reads �comes Pontio in Villa Alpando et in Villa Fafila, comes Oszoiro in Villa Lupos et in Uezella...�[589].� The necrology of Le�n Cathedral records the death �XVII Kal Dec� of �infans domna Geloira�[590].� m firstly (1094) as his third wife, RAYMOND IV Comte de Toulouse, son of PONS Comte de Toulouse & his second wife Almodis de la Marche (-Mount P�lerin near Tripoli, Palestine 28 Feb 1105).� m secondly (before 30 Jun 1117, [separated before 1121[) [as his first wife,] FERNANDO Fern�ndez, son of conde FERNANDO [Fern�ndez] & his wife --- (-16 Jan 1126).�

6. [Infanta do�a] TERESA Alfonso ([1081/82]-1 Nov 1130).� The Chronicon Regum Legionensium names "Jimena Mu�oz" as the first of two concubines of King Alfonso, and their daughters "Elvira the wife of count Raymond of Toulouse�and Teresa the wife of Count Henry"[591].� Her birth date is estimated based on her having given birth to a child by her relationship with Fernando P�rez de Traba which started in 1124.� Her parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 23 Mar 1143 under which her daughter Sancha Enr�quez property in Trobajo del Cerecedo, which she inherited from "avia mea dompna Hensemena Mu�iz�et de mater mea eius filia regina dompna Teresa", to the parents of Juan Albertino Bishop of Le�n[592].� The 13th century history of Sahag�n monastery records that "el Rey D. Alonso�una hija�Teresa" married "un Conde�Enrique que venia de sangre Real de Francia"[593].� An early 12th century document at Fleury records that "Ainrico uni filiorum, filio�ducis Roberti" married "alteram filiam�non ex coniugali" of Alfonso VI King of Castile[594].� �Comite Dono Henrico...cum uxore mea Infante Dona Taraxea� granted privileges to �Villa Constantin de Panonias�, confirmed by �Infans Dono Alfoso filius Henrici comiti et uxor mea Infante Dona Taraxia�, by charter dated 1096[595].� "�Taraxia Adefonsi regis filia�Henrik comes�" subscribed the charter dated 14 Mar 1099 under which Alfonso VI King of Castile donated the monastery of Santa Mar�a de Algadefe to the monastery of Eslonza[596].� Regent of Portugal 1112-1123.� Queen of Portugal 1113.� The Historia Compostelana records that �Fernando Perride, Petris Comitis filio� left his lawful wife and lived in adultery with �Regina Tarasia�[597].� The Chronica Adefonsi Imperatoris records that Alfonso VII King of Castile met "Teresa queen of the Portuguese and with Count Fernando" at Ricobayo and made peace with them after his accession in 1126[598].� The Chronicon Lusitanum records the death �Kal Nov� in 1168 (1130) of �Regina Donna Tarasia mater Donni Alfonsi�anno secundo regni�[599].� m (before 24 Aug 1092[600]) HENRI de Bourgogne, son of HENRI �le damoiseau� de Bourgogne [Capet] & his wife [Sibylla] [de Barcelona] ([1069/72]-killed in battle Astorga, Le�n 22 May 1112, bur Braga Cathedral).� He may have arrived in Spain with the expedition of the Eudes I Duke of Burgundy in 1086/87, following a call from the abbey of Cluny to fight "the infidel"[601].� Se�or de Braga [1093], count in Tordesillas 1096/97.� The dating clause of a charter dated 9 Oct 1096, under which "Pelayo Xemeniz" donated land �en Ville Ceide...� to the monastery of San Salvador, records �Sanxus comes in Toro et alius comes domino Ancricco in Auctario de Selles, comes Remundus tenente in Coria et in Zamora�[602].� The dating clause of a charter dated 19 Jan 1097, under which "Brabolio Gutierrez" sold land �en territorio de Le�n las villas Cubillas� to �Ordo�o Sarraciniz y a su mujer Fronilde Ov�quiz�, records �comes Raimundus in Galicia et in Zamora, comes domno Enrriz in Otero de Sellas, comite Petro Ansurez in Saldania�[603].� He made a mutual pact in [Dec 1094/Jul 1095] with Raymond de Bourgogne, husband of Infanta Urraca de Castilla, under which he promised support in securing Castile and Le�n for Raymond in return for a pledge to grant him Toledo (or in default, Galicia)[604].� Alfonso VI King of Castile made him a large grant of land, from the R�o Mi�o in the north to Santarem in the south, in [1095/96], which in effect resulted in his installation as HENRIQUE Conde de Portugal.� This grant may have been motivated as much by a desire to offset the growing power of his son-in-law, Raymond de Bourgogne, as to increase the power base of Henri de Bourgogne.� Mistress: (1124) of FERNANDO P�rez de Traba Conde de Trast�mara, son of PEDRO Froilaz de Traba & his first wife Urraca Froilaz.�

Infanta do�a URRACA de Castilla y Le�n, daughter of ALFONSO VI King of Castile and Le�n & his second wife Constance de Bourgogne [Capet] (late 1080[605]-Salda�a 8 Mar 1126, bur Le�n, Monastery of San Isidro).� The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Waracta filia imperatoris Fernandi"[606].� "�Urraca regis filia et Reimundi comiti uxor�" subscribed the charter dated 23 Mar 1103 under which "Adefonsus totius Ispanie imperator" donated property to the monastery of San Salvador de O�a with the consent of "uxoris mee Helisabet regine"[607].� "Infanta dna Urraca Adefonsi imperatoris filia et totius Gallecie domina" the monastery of San Andr�s de Trobo to Santiago de Compostela by charter dated 18 Dec 1107[608].� Her father declared her heiress to Castile in 1108 after the death of her half-brother Infante don Sancho.� She succeeded her father in 1109 as URRACA I Queen of Castile and Le�n.� The Almoravides captured Toledo Aug 1109.� The country experienced a period of anarchy during her reign due to her constant disputes with her second husband.� She was also faced with the attacks by her half-sister Teresa of Portugal, ambitious to replace her as Queen of Castile.� "Urraca totius Yspanie regina" confirmed the donation of the monastery of San Andr�s de Trobo to Santiago de Compostela by charter dated 14 May 1112[609].� By 1116, Queen Urraca had succeeded in re-establishing control over most of Castile.� "Urracha�Ispanie regina, regis Aldefonsi regineque Constantie filia" donated property to the abbey of Silos by charter dated 26 Mar 1119, confirmed by "Adefonsus rex, filius�regine, Infantissa domna Sancia, regine germana, Infantissa domna Sancia regine filia, Xemeno Lopez dapifer regine, Garsia Inniguez, Xemeno Inniguez, Petrus Gonsalvi comes, Rodericus Gonsalvi, Fernandus Garsie maior, Fernandus Garsie minor�"[610].� "Urraka�Ispanie regina, regis Adefonis regineque Constancie filia" donated "ecclesiam Sancti Nicholai�in Villa Franca" to Cluny by charter dated 21 Aug 1120[611].� "Urraca totius Ispanie regina et Aldefonsi imperatoris filia" donated property to the abbey of Silos by charter dated 13 Apr 1121, confirmed by "Gomez Castelanus comes, Rodericus Asturianus comes, Fernandus Garcies, Petrus Alvares�"[612].� The Chronica Adefonsi Imperatoris records the death of Queen Urraca in 1126 after reigning for sixteen years, eight months and seven days, and her burial in Le�n in the royal pantheon[613].� The Chronicon Burgense records the death in 1126 of �Urraca Regina�[614].� The Chronicon Compostellani records the death �apud Salda�a VI Id Mar� in 1126 of �Urraca�in partu adulterini filii�[615].� Orderic Vitalis also reports that Urraca died "in a difficult childbirth"[616], although this seems unlikely considering her age.�

m firstly (betrothed [Summer 1087], Toledo [1 May 1092/Jan 1093]) RAIMOND de Bourgogne Comte d�Amous, son of GUILLAUME I Comte de Bourgogne & his wife Etiennette --- ([1070]-Grajal [13/20] Sep 1107, bur Santiago de Compostela, Cathedral Santiago el Mayor).� The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Raymundem in Hispania comitem" as brother of "Hugo�Bisuntinensis archiepiscopus", when recording the latter's appointment as archbishop[617], although in a later passage the same source records "comitis Raymundi" as "fratris comitis Pontii de Tolosa"[618] which is inconsistent with other sources.� "Wilelmus comes Burgundie" names "Rainaldi et Raimundi filiorum meorum" in his donation to Cluny dated [1086][619].� "Raymundus�Burgundie comes filius Willermi�comitis" donated property to Saint-B�nigne de Dijon by charter dated to [1087/92] subscribed by "Hugonis archiepiscopi Bisuntini fratris mei, Stephani comitis fratris mei"[620].� Comte d'Amous.� He joined the expedition of the Eudes I Duke of Burgundy to Spain in 1086/87, following a call from the abbey of Cluny to fight "the infidel"[621].� Reilly suggests that he was betrothed after the failure to capture Tudela in Summer 1087, when he speculates that the Burgundians would have visited the court of Castile[622].� Raymond remained in Castile following his betrothal to Infanta Urraca.� "Adefonsus rex Legionis et totius Hispanie imperator atque Fredenandi filius regis" granted privileges to Santiago de Compostela, with the advice of "generis mei comitis domini Raimundi", by charter dated 28 Jan 1090[623].� "Raymondus gener regis" confirmed the donation by "Adefonsus�Hispaniarum rex�cum coniuge mea Constantia regina" of property to the monastery of San Salvador de O�a by charter dated 1 May 1092[624].� Conde de Galicia y Coimbra [before 1093], his father-in-law transferred the newly acquired cities of Lisbon, Santar�m and Cintra to him in May 1093.� Governor of the city of Toledo.� He made a mutual pact [Dec 1094/Jul 1095] with Henri de Bourgogne, Conde de Portugal, pledging to grant him Toledo (or in default, Galicia) in return for his support in securing Castile and Le�n for Raimond[625].� Conde in Coria and Zamora: the dating clause of a charter dated 9 Oct 1096, under which "Pelayo Xemeniz" donated land �en Ville Ceide...� to the monastery of San Salvador, records �Sanxus comes in Toro et alius comes domino Ancricco in Auctario de Selles, comes Remundus tenente in Coria et in Zamora�[626].� Conde in Galicia and Zamora: the dating clause of a charter dated 19 Jan 1097, under which "Brabolio Gutierrez" sold land �en territorio de Le�n las villas Cubillas� to �Ordo�o Sarraciniz y a su mujer Fronilde Ov�quiz�, records �comes Raimundus in Galicia et in Zamora, comes domno Enrriz in Otero de Sellas, comite Petro Ansurez in Saldania�[627].� Conde de Grajal Jan 1098[628].� "Raimundus comes frater comitis Stephani" donated property to Cluny by charter dated [1100][629].� He established his principal stronghold in the castle of Grajal in 1102[630].� By this time, Raymond had acquired a commanding position in Castile as husband of the heir presumptive to the throne.� A funeral elegy of "domnus Raymundus comes Hispanie qui de stirpe comitum Burgundie ortus" is recorded in the cartulary of Saint-B�nigne-de-Dijon in a charter dated 20 Sep 1107 which names "Hugo frater suus Bisuntinus archiepiscopus"[631].�

Mistress of (1): conde G�MEZ Gonz�lez, son of GONZALO Salvad�rez & his wife Sancha G�mez (-killed in battle Candespina, near Sep�lveda 26 Oct 1110 or 1111).� The Cr�nica Latina records that �el conde G�mez, llamado de Candespina� was �excesivamente y m�s de lo que conven�a familiar a la reina� and was killed in battle against Alfonso I King of Aragon at Sep�lveda[632].�

m secondly (Monz�n Castle early Oct 1109, separated 1114, annulled for consanguinity 1115) ALFONSO I King of Aragon and Navarre, �el Batallador� son of SANCHO I Ram�rez King of Aragon & his second wife F�licie de Roucy (Jaca 1083-Almuniente 7 Sep 1134, bur Montearag�n, Monastery of Jesus de Nazareth, transferred 1845 to San Pedro el Viejo, Huesca).� The Gestis Comitum Barcinonensium records the marriage of "Ildefonsum" and "filiam Alfonsi Regis Castell�Urracam"[633].� Their marriage was annulled on grounds of consanguinity.�

Mistress of (2): conde PEDRO Gonz�lez de Lara, son of GONZALO N��ez de Lara & his wife Goto --- ([1085]-Bayonne 16 Oct 1130).� Alf�rez of Alfonso VI King of Castile 30 Sep 1107 to 10 Sep 1109.� The Cr�nica Latina records that the queen accepted �la excesiva familiaridad del conde Pedro de Lara, padre del conde Malrico, del conde Nu�o y del conde �lvaro� and that it was said that they had �un hijo llamado Fernando Hurtado�[634].� His relationship with Queen Urraca probably started in [1112/14].� Szabolcs de Vajay states that there is no evidence for a secret marriage between Queen Urraca and Pedro Gonz�lez de Lara[635].�

Queen Urraca & her first husband had two children:

1. Infanta do�a SANCHA de Castilla y Le�n (before 11 Nov 1095 or after 1102-Le�n 28 Feb 1159, bur Le�n, Monastery of San Isidro).� The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Sanctiam..ad quam extat una beati Bernardi epistola" as sister of "rex Aldefonsus Hispanie imperator"[636].� Reilly cites a charter of Infanta Elvira dated 11 Nov 1095 in which Sancha is named[637].� It is possible that the dating of this document is suspect as an interval of more than ten years before the birth of her younger brother would be surprising.� According to Europ�ische Stammtafeln[638], she was born "after 1102".� "Infan dona Sansia filia comite Reimondus et regina dona Urraka et�Gonzaluo Aluarici et uxor tua Maria Pelaici" donated the town of Vilela to the monastery of Eslonza by charter dated 27 Sep 1120[639].� "Infans domina Sancia�comitis domni Raimundi et Urracce regine filia" donated "[monasterio] Sancti Michaelis de Scalata" to Cluny by charter dated 23 Jun 1124, the dating clause referring to the rule of "comes Petrus Gonzalvit in Lara et in Turre de Mont Molion, comes Fernandus in Malgrado, comes Sudarius in Luna, Rodrigus Martiniz in Melgar�infans domina Sancia in Graliare et comes Bertran in Carrione"[640].� She was an adviser to her brother King Alfonso.� "�Infanta dna Sancia, Infans dns Adefonsus regis consanguineus�" subscribed the charter dated 13 Nov 1127 under which King Alfonso VII donated "el castillo de San Jorge en la Sierra del Pindo" to Santiago de Compostela[641].� "Adefonsus Hispanie imperator�cum uxore mea Berengaria" donated "monasterium Sancti Petri de Cardigna" to Cluny by charter dated 29 Jul 1142, confirmed by "Sancia soror imperatoris infantissa�"[642].� She founded the monastery of la Espina near Valladolid in 1147[643].� "Infans domina Sancia" listed fueros of Covarrubias by charter dated 19 Apr 1148[644].� "Sancia regina comitis Raimundi et Urrache regine regia proles" donated "medietate de Uilarelio" to Eslonza monastery by charter dated 25 Jan 1155[645].� "Regina Sancia comitis Raymundi et regine Urrache regia proles" donated an inn near Mucientes to Sahag�n monastery by charter dated 15 Mar 1158, subscribed by "Regina Urracha de Asturias, Stephania Infantissa filia imperatoris�"[646].�

2. Infante don ALFONSO de Castilla y Le�n ([Grajal], Galicia 1 Mar 1105-Fresneda 21 Aug 1157, bur Toledo, Cathedral Santa Mar�a).� The Anales Toledanos record the birth 1 Mar 1106 of �El Rey D. Alfonso, fillo del Conde D. Raymondo � de Do�a Urraca�[647].� Crowned King of Galicia 19 Sep 1111 at Santiago de Compostela.� He was proclaimed ALFONSO VII �el Emperador� King of Castile, Le�n and Toledo in 1112.�

-�� see below.�

Queen Urraca had illegitimate children by conde PEDRO Gonz�lez de Lara:�

-�� LARA.�

B.�� KINGS of CASTILE and LE�N 1112-1217 (BOURGOGNE-COMTE)

Infante don ALFONSO de Castilla y Le�n, son of URRACA Queen of Castile and Le�n & her first husband Raymond de Bourgogne [Comt�] ([Grajal], Galicia 1 Mar 1105-Fresneda 21 Aug 1157, bur Toledo, Cathedral Santa Mar�a).� The Anales Toledanos record the birth 1 Mar 1106 of �El Rey D. Alfonso, fillo del Conde D. Raymondo � de Do�a Urraca�[648].� The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "rex Aldefonsus Hispanie imperator" as son of "comitis Raymundi�ex Waracta filia imperatoris Fernandi"[649].� Crowned King of Galicia 17 Sep 1111 at Santiago de Compostela.� He was proclaimed ALFONSO VII �el Emperador� King of Castile, Le�n and Toledo in 1112[650].� "Hildefonsus Raymundi�rex" donated property to the abbey of Silos by charter dated 27 Nov 1116, confirmed by "Illa infanta regis germana, Guillelmus comes de Moretegni, Iohannes Reynnitz, Petrus Ansuriz comes�"[651].� He styled himself "imperator" for the first time 9 Dec 1117[652].� He ruled under the tutelage of Pedro Froilaz Conde de Traba and his mother until 1119, although he only assumed effective personal rule after his mother's death in 1126.� "Aldefonsus Hyspanie imperator�cum uxore mea regina Berengaria et Santia mea germana" donated "abbatiam Sancti Facundi et Primitivi" to Cluny by charter dated 7 Sep 1132[653].� King of Zaragoza 1134.� He was crowned Emperor 26 May 1135 at Le�n.� He negotiated peace with both Aragon and Navarre, with a view to concentrating his military efforts on the reconquest.� "Adefonsus Hispanie imperator�cum uxore mea Berengaria" donated "monasterium Sancti Petri de Cardigna" to Cluny by charter dated 29 Jul 1142[654].� "Adefonsus Hispanie imperator�cum uxore mea Berengaria" confirmed the donation to Cluny of "monasterium Sancti Salvatoris de Bodinio" to Cluny as requested by "comitis Gomes" by charter dated Aug 1142[655].� "Adefonsus imperator Hispanie�cum uxore mea Berengaria" donated "ecclesiam sancti Vincentii de Salamantica" to Cluny by charter dated 29 Oct 1143, confirmed by "Sancius imperatoris major filius�Rodericus Gomez comes, Poncius de Cabreria comes, Guterrus Fernandez, Rodericus Fernandez, Didacus Munioz majordomus imperatoris, Garsias Royz majorinus imperatoris in Burgus"[656].� He captured Almer�a (1147), Tortosa (1148), and Ja�n (1157) from the Muslims, though they recaptured Almer�a before he died.� �Adefonsus Imperator Hispani�...cum uxore mea Imperatrice Domina Rica et cum filiis meis Sancio et Ferrando Regibus� donated property to the bishop of Segovia by charter dated 28 Jan 1155[657].� "Aldefonsus�tocius Hyspanie imperator�cum uxore mea imperatrice domna Rica et�filiis meis Sanctio et Ferrando regibus" donated property to the abbey of Silos by charter dated 28 Oct 1155, confirmed by "Comes Rudericus Petriz, Garcia Gar�iaz de Aza, Veremundus Petriz, Garcia Gumez, Gonsalvuz Ruderiz, Alvaros Ruderiz, Comes Gonsalvus Fernandi, Dicados Ferrandiz de Bonelas maiorinus in Burgis, Comes Almandricus tenens B�ciam, Comes Poncius maiordomus imperatoris, Comes Lupus, Comes Ranimirus, Comes Petrus Aldeffonsus, Gutierre Ferrandiz, Nunnus Petriz tenens Montor, Gundisalvus de Maranon alferiz imperatoris�"[658].� The Chronicon Burgense records the death in 1157 of �Alfonsus Imperator�[659].� The Chronicon Lusitanum records the death in Sep 1195 (1157) of �D. Alfonsus Imperator, filius Comitis D. Raymundi et Regin� D. Orrac��[660].� On his death, his lands were divided between his two sons.�

m firstly (Salda�a Nov 1128) BERENGUELA de Barcelona, daughter of RAM�N BERENGUER [III] �el Grande� Conde de Barcelona & his wife Dulce/Dol�a [I] Ctss de Provence ([1116]-Palencia 15/31 Jan 1149, bur Santiago de Compostela, Cathedral Santiago el Mayor).� The Chronica Adefonsi Imperatoris records the marriage of "Alfonso�king of Le�n" and "the daughter of Ram�n count of Barcelona�Berengaria" in 1128 at Salda�a[661].� The Gestis Comitum Barcinonensium record the marriage of "Raimundi-Berengarii comitis�filiam" and "Ildefonso Toletano Imperatori"[662].� The testament of "Raimundus Berengarii�Barchinonensis comes et marchio" dated [8 Jul] 1130 names "Raimundo Berengarii filio meo�et filie mee ipsa de Castella et illa de Fuxo"[663].� The De Rebus Hispani� of Rodericus Ximenes names "Berengariam atque Richam" as the wives of "Aldefonsi Hispaniarum Regis"[664].� The Anales Toledanos record the death in Feb 1149 of �la Emperadriz�[665].�

m secondly ([Oct/Dec] 1152) as her first husband, RYKSA of Silesia, daughter of WŁADYSŁAW II �Wygnaniec/the Exile� Prince of Krakow and Silesia & his wife Agnes of Austria [Babenberg] ([1130/40]-16 Jun [1185]).� The De Rebus Hispani� of Rodericus Ximenes names "Berengariam atque Richam" as the wives of "Aldefonsi Hispaniarum Regis"[666].� The primary source which confirms her parentage and her three marriages has not yet been identified.� The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Rikissam", daughter of "regi Russie nomine Musuch" & his wife "Rikissam [filiam ducis Vergescelai de Polonia]", as wife firstly of "imperatoris Castelle Alfunso" and subsequently of "comiti Aragonensi et post comiti Alberto de Everstein ultra Coliniam"[667], contradicting other sources in many aspects.� She was known as RIQUILDA in Spain[668], or RICA.� �Adefonsus Imperator Hispani�...cum uxore mea Imperatrice Domina Rica et cum filiis meis Sancio et Ferrando Regibus� donated property to the bishop of Segovia by charter dated 28 Jan 1155[669].� She married secondly (1161) Raymond B�renger II Comte de Provence, and thirdly (after 1166) Albert [III] Graf von Everstein.�

Mistress (1): ([1130/32]) GONTRODO P�rez, wife of GUTIERRE Sebasti�niz, daughter of conde PEDRO D�az de Valle & his wife Mar�a Ord��ez (-Le�n 29 Jun 1186, Santa Mar�a de Vega near Oviedo).� The Chronica Adefonsi Imperatoris records that King Alfonso VII "took a concubine�Guntroda, the daughter of Pedro D�az and Mar�a Ord��ez�who belonged to the greatest family of the Asturians and the Tinians", dated to [1130/32] from the context[670].� �Gontrodo Petri...cum domina mea, et filia Urraca� donated property to the monastery of Santa Mar�a de Vega near Oviedo by charter dated 13 Oct 1153[671].� She became a nun at the monastery of Santa Mar�a de Vega near Oviedo[672].� Florez reproduces the epitaph in the same monastery which records the death in 1186 of �Guntrodo�[673].�

Mistress (2): ([1139/48])� URRACA Fern�ndez de Castro, widow of conde RODRIGO Mart�nez, daughter of FERNANDO Garc�a [de Castro] Se�or de Hita y Uceda & his second wife Estefan�a Armengol de Urgel ([1120]-after 1165).� Alfonso VII King of Castile granted the villa de Amusco to "comitissa domina Vrracha uxore comitis Roderici Martinez" in exchange for other properties by charter dated 21 Jan 1139[674].� Alfonso VII King of Castile granted property to "Domne Vrrache Ferrandez comitisse" by charter dated 9 Sep 1140[675].� Alfonso VII King of Castile granted property to "comitisse domna Vrracha Fernandez�et post filia uestra et mea" in exchange for other properties by charter dated 3 Feb 1148[676].� �Petrus Fernandiz et soror mea Urraca Fernandiz et uxor mea Maria Pedriz...cum filiis et filiabus nostris� donated �sancte Crucis de Valcarcer� to Santa Mar�a de Aguilar de Campoo by charter dated 4 Aug 1165[677].�

King Alfonso VII & his first wife had [seven] children:

1. Infante don SANCHO de Castilla (1134-Toledo 31 Aug or 1 Sep 1158, bur Toledo, Cathedral Santa Mar�a).� The De Rebus Hispani� of Rodericus Ximenes names "Sancium et Fernandum, Elisabeth et Beatiam" as the children of "Aldefonsi Hispaniarum Regis" and his wife "Berengariam"[678].� The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "rex Sanctius" as son of "rex Aldefonsus Hispanie imperator"[679]. Called King of N�jera from 1149.� He succeeded his father in 1157 as SANCHO III "el Deseado" King of Castile and Toledo.��

-�� see below.�

2. Infante don RAM�N de Castilla y Le�n (before 12 Apr 1136-young).� A charter dated 12 Apr 1136 names �Raymundo filio Adefonsi imperatoris et domine Berengarie�[680].� Szabolcs de Vajay says �bearing the name of his paternal grandfather, he is presumed to have been the second-born son of the royal couple�[681].� Barton & Fletcher says that the birth of Infante Ram�n may have prompted the rebellion of conde Pedro Gonz�lez de Lara, stating that he was the first son and implying that he was born before Jan 1130[682].� No supporting source is quoted.� However, such an early date for his birth would be surprising considering the probable birth date of his mother Berenguela.�

3. Infante don FERNANDO de Castilla y Le�n (1137-Benavente 22 Jan 1188, bur Santiago de Compostela, Cathedral Santiago el Mayor).� The De Rebus Hispani� of Rodericus Ximenes names "Sancium et Fernandum, Elisabeth et Beatiam" as the children of "Aldefonsi Hispaniarum Regis" and his wife "Berengariam"[683].� The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Fernando" as brother of "rex Sanctius"[684].� He succeeded his father in 1157 as FERNANDO II King of Le�n, Galicia and Extremadura.��

-�� see Chapter 3.� KINGS of LE�N.�

4. Infanta do�a CONSTANZA de Castilla ([1138]-6 Oct 1160, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� The De Rebus Hispani� of Rodericus Ximenes names "Sancium et Fernandum, Elisabeth et Beatiam" as the children of "Aldefonsi Hispaniarum Regis" and his wife "Berengariam", specifying that "Elisabeth" (error for Constantia) married "Ludovico Regi Francorum"[685].� The second marriage of King Louis is recorded by Matthew of Paris, who calls his wife daughter of "Aldefonsi regis Hispani� cuius regni caput civitas est Tholetum"[686].� She was consecrated Queen Consort in 1154 at Orl�ans, �glise Sainte-Croix.� She died in childbirth.� Ralph de Diceto�s Abbreviationes Chronicorum record in 1160 the death of �regina Francorum� in childbirth[687].� Ralph de Diceto�s Ymagines Historiarum record in 1160 that �regina Francorum filia Athelfunsi imperatoris Hispaniarum� died while giving birth to a daughter who survived (�incolumi filia�)[688].� The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "II Non Oct" of "Constantia regina filia regis Hispanie"[689].� m (Cathedral of Sainte Croix, Orl�ans [Jan/Jul] 1154) as his second wife, LOUIS VII King of France, son of LOUIS VI King of France & his [second] wife Ad�la�de de Maurienne [Savoie] (1120-Paris, Palais Royal de la Cit� 18/19 Sep 1180, bur Abbaye cistercienne de Notre-Dame-de-Barbeaux near Fontainebleau, transferred 1817 to l'�glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).�

5. Infanta do�a SANCHA Infanta de Castilla ([1139]-5 Aug 1177, bur Pamplona, Cathedral Santa Mar�a).� The De Rebus Hispani� of Rodericus Ximenes names "Sancium et Fernandum, Elisabeth et Beatiam" as the children of "Aldefonsi Hispaniarum Regis" and his wife "Berengariam", it being unclear whether "Beatiam" was an error for Sancha or whether it refers to another daughter not recorded elsewhere[690].� The Anales Toledanos record the death in Aug 1177 of �la Reyna de Navarra, filla del Emperador�[691].� The "Cor�nicas" Navarras record the death "Non Aug" in 1179 of "Sancha�regina Navarre"[692].� m (Carri�n de los Condes 20 Jul 1153) SANCHO VI �el Sabio� King of Navarre, son of GARC�A IV King of Navarre & his first wife Marguerite de l�Aigle (1132-Pamplona 27 Jun 1194, bur Pamplona, Cathedral Santa Mar�a).�

6. Infante don GARC�A de Castilla (before Mar 1142-[12 Sep/Dec] [1146], bur Benedictine monastery of San Salvador de O�a).� "Santius et�Fredinandus et Garsias filii ymperatories" confirmed the charter dated 12 Sep 1142 under which Alfonso VII King of Castile donated "uillam�Taranna" to "Martino Didaci"[693].� "Sancius et�Fernandus et Garsias filii imperatoris�" confirmed the charter dated 19 Aug 1146 under which Alfonso VII King of Castile donated "ecclesiam�sanctam Mariam de Uelerda" to "Martino Didaci"[694].� The Annales Compostellani record the death in 1145 of �Garsias Infans, filius Ald. Imperatoris�[695], although the date must be incorrect if the charter dated 19 Aug 1146 in which Garc�a is named is correctly dated.�

7. [Infante don ALFONSO de Castilla ([1144/46]-before Jan 1149, bur Toledo, Cistercian monastery of San Clemente el Real).� The primary source in which he is named has not yet been identified.� Florez says that �otro hijo...D. Alfonso, muri� ni�o: y yace en el Coro de las Monjas de S. Clemente de Toledo�[696].]�

King Alfonso VII & his second wife had two children:

8. Infante don FERNANDO de Castilla (1153-Toledo 1157 before 21 Aug, bur Toledo, Cistercian monastery of San Clemente el Real). �Szabolcs de Vajay refers to his epitaph which confirms that he predeceased his father: �...sepulchro quod olim pater dederat restitutus est�[697].�

9. Infanta do�a SANCHA de Castilla (1155-Sijena 9 Nov 1208, bur Sijena, monastery of Nuestra Se�ora).� The "Cor�nicas" Navarras name "la filla del Emperador dona Sancha" as the wife of "el rey don Alfonso d'Arag�n"[698].� The Gestis Comitum Barcinonensium records the marriage of "Ildefonsus" and "Sanciam�filiam Imperatoris Magni Ildefonsi de Castell�"[699].� Her name is confirmed in the charter dated 24 Feb 1212 under which Pedro II King of Aragon "filio Sancti�Regin� Aragonum" granted property to "Guillelmo de Montepessulano�filius Agnetis femin�"[700].� She founded the Hospitaller priory of nuns of Nuestra Se�ora at San Juan de Sijena in 1188, and became a nun there herself in 1197.� The Anales Toledanos record the death in 1208 of �la Reyna Do�a Sancha Daragon, filla del Emperador� and her burial �en Sixena�[701].� m (Zaragoza 18 Jan 1174) ALFONSO II �el Casto� King of Aragon Conde de Barcelona, son of RAM�N BERENGUER IV Conde de Barcelona & his wife Petronilla Queen of Aragon (Villamayor del Valle, Huesca 1/25 Mar 1157-Perpignan 25 Apr 1195, bur Poblet, monastery of Nuestra Se�ora).�

King Alfonso VII had one illegitimate child by Mistress (1):

10. do�a URRACA Alfonso de Castilla �la Asturiana� (1132-Palencia 26 Oct 1164, bur Palencia, Cathedral San Antol�n).� The Chronica Adefonsi Imperatoris names "Urraca" as the daughter of King Alfonso VII and his "concubine�Guntroda", recording that she was brought up by the king's sister Infanta Sancha[702].� The Chronica Adefonsi Imperatoris records the marriage of King Garc�a and "his [=King Alfonso VII] daughter Infanta Urraca whom he had fathered by Guntroda, the daughter of Pedro Asturiano" on 24 Jun 1144 in Le�n[703].� "Garsias�Pampilonensium rex�cum uxore mea Urraka regina" donated property to the church of Santa Mar�a de las Due�as by charter dated to [1144/50][704].� She returned to her mother's family in Asturias after her first husband died[705].� �Gontrodo Petri...cum domina mea, et filia Urraca� donated property to the monastery of Santa Mar�a de Vega near Oviedo by charter dated 13 Oct 1153[706].� m firstly (Le�n 24 Jun 1144) as his second wife, GARC�A VI Ram�rez �el Restaurador� King of Navarre, son of RAMIRO S�nchez [de Navarra] Se�or de Monz�n & his wife Elvira [Cristina] Rodr�guez ([1105]-Lorca, Navarra 25 Nov 1150, bur Pamplona, Cathedral Santa Mar�a).� m secondly (before 1163) as his second wife, �LVARO Rodr�guez de Castro, son of RODRIGO Fern�ndez de Castro & his wife Eilo �lvarez (-after 3 Nov 1187, bur San Crist�bal de Ibeas).� Se�or de Chantada.� Governor in Asturias 1150-1171.� Alf�rez of Fernando II King of Le�n 23 Mar 1169 and mayordomo mayor 1173-1174.�

King Alfonso VII had one illegitimate child Mistress (2):

11. ESTEFAN�A Alfonso �la Desdichada� (before 3 Feb 1148-murdered 1 Jul 1180, bur Le�n, monastery of San Isidro).� Her parentage and marriage is confirmed by Rodrigo Jim�nez de Rada who records that �Fernandum [=Fernandus Roderici agnomine Castellanus]� married secondly, after repudiating his first wife, �post paucos dies rex Fernandus sororem suam...Stephaniam�[707].� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos records that "D. Fernan Roiz de Castro" married "D. Estevaina�el Emperador�hija", adding that she was killed by her husband who mistook her servant, who was dressed in her mistress�s clothes to meet a lover, for her[708].� Alfonso VII King of Castile granted property to "comitisse domna Vrracha Fernandez�et post filia uestra et mea" in exchange for other properties by charter dated 3 Feb 1148[709].� "Regina Sancia comitis Raymundi et regine Urrache regia proles" donated an inn near Mucientes to Sahag�n monastery by charter dated 15 Mar 1158, subscribed by "Regina Urracha de Asturias, Stephania Infantissa filia imperatoris�"[710].� m (1168) as his second wife, FERNANDO Rodr�guez de Castro �el Castellano� Se�or de la casa de Castro, son of RODRIGO Fern�ndez de Castro & his wife Eilo �lvarez ([1125]-1185 after 16 Aug).� Governor in Cu�llar, Due�as, Valladolid, Toro and Asturias.� Se�or del Infantado de Le�n, Alcalde of the cities of Le�n and Toledo.� Mayordomo Mayor of Alfonso VIII King of Castile 15 Aug 1162-6 Sep 1164 and 19 Oct 1165-15 May 1166.�

Infante don SANCHO de Castilla, son of ALFONSO VII "el Emperador" King of Castile and Le�n & his first wife Berenguela de Barcelona (1134-Toledo 31 Aug or 1 Sep 1158, bur Toledo, Cathedral Santa Mar�a).� The De Rebus Hispani� of Rodericus Ximenes names "Sancium et Fernandum, Elisabeth et Beatiam" as the children of "Aldefonsi Hispaniarum Regis" and his wife "Berengariam"[711].� The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "rex Sanctius" as son of "rex Aldefonsus Hispanie imperator"[712]. Don Gutierre Fern�ndez de Castro was named his tutor from his birth[713].� "Santius et�Fredinandus et Garsias filii ymperatories" confirmed the charter dated 12 Sep 1142 under which Alfonso VII King of Castile donated "uillam�Taranna" to "Martino Didaci"[714].� "Adefonsus imperator Hispanie�cum uxore mea Berengaria" donated "ecclesiam sancti Vincentii de Salamantica" to Cluny by charter dated 29 Oct 1143, confirmed by "Sancius imperatoris major filius�"[715].� "Sancius et�Fernandus et Garsias filii imperatoris�" confirmed the charter dated 19 Aug 1146 under which Alfonso VII King of Castile donated "ecclesiam�sanctam Mariam de Uelerda" to "Martino Didaci"[716].� Called King of N�jera from 1149[717].� �Adefonsus Imperator Hispani�...cum uxore mea Imperatrice Domina Rica et cum filiis meis Sancio et Ferrando Regibus� donated property to the bishop of Segovia by charter dated 28 Jan 1155[718].� "Rex Sancius�domni Adefonsi imperatoris filius" donated property to the abbey of Silos by charter dated 14 Mar 1155, confirmed by "Regina domna Blanca uxor regis, Comes Almanricus, Comes Poncius maiordomus regis, Fortun Lopiz de Soria�"[719].� He succeeded his father in 1157 as SANCHO III "el Deseado" King of Castile and Toledo.� He negotiated a peace treaty with his brother at Sahag�n 1158 to avoid further family conflicts which had until then marred the history of Castile.� The Chronicon Burgense records the death in 1158 of �Rex Sancius filius Imperatoris�[720].� The Anales Toledanos record the death �el postrimer dia Dagosto� in 1158 of �el Rey D. Sancho fillo del Emperador�[721].� The Annales Compostellani record the death �Kal Sep� in 1158 of �Sancius filius Aldephonsi Imperatoris�[722].�

m (Calahorra 30 Jan 1151) Infanta do�a BLANCA de Navarra, daughter of GARC�A VI �el Restaurador� King of Navarre & his first wife Marguerite de l�Aigle ([1137]-12 Aug 1156, bur N�jera, Cathedral Santa Mar�a de Real).� The Annales Compostellani record the death �II Id Aug� in 1146 of �Regina Branca mater istius Aldefonsi Regis Castell�filia Garsi� Regis Navarr��[723], although the year is clearly incorrect.� "Rex Sancius�domni Adefonsi imperatoris Hyspanie filius" donated "[monasterium] beate Marie de Naigara" to Cluny by charter dated 30 Aug 1156 "pro remedio�mulieris mee�regine domne Blanche quam in Jagarensi ecclesia sepelire feci"[724].�

King Sancho III & his wife had three children:�

1. son ([1153/54]-[1153/55]).� Szabolcs de Vajay refers to a donation by King Alfonso VIII to San Pedro de Soria where �sepultura regum fratrum meorum...adornari cognosco�, indicating that the king had more than one brother[725].� If this is correct, the chronology dictates that he must have been born before King Alfonso.�

2. Infante don ALFONSO de Castilla (Soria 11 Nov 1155-Guti�rre M��oz near Ar�valo 6 Oct 1214, bur Cistercian monastery Santa Mar�a la Real �de las Huelgas� near Burgos).� The Anales Toledanos record the birth �noche de S. Martin�Viernes� in 1155 of �el Rey D. Alfonso�[726].� The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Aldefonsus rex Castelle et Toliti" as son of "rex Sanctius"[727].� He succeeded his father in 1158 as ALFONSO VIII �el Noble/�l de las Navas� King of Castile, Toledo and Extremadura.�

-�� see below.�

3. Infante don GARC�A de Castilla (b and d Soria 24 Jun 1156, bur Soria, monastery of San Pedro).� He must have been born prematurely if the date of birth of his older brother is correct.� Szabolcs de Vajay refers to a donation by King Alfonso VIII to San Pedro de Soria where �sepultura regum fratrum meorum...adornari cognosco�[728].� The primary source which records his name has not been identified.�

Infante don ALFONSO de Castilla, son of SANCHO III "el Deseado" King of Castile & his wife Infanta do�a Blanca de Navarra (Soria 11 Nov 1155-Guti�rre M��oz near Ar�valo 6 Oct 1214, bur Cistercian monastery Santa Mar�a la Real �de las Huelgas� near Burgos).� The Anales Toledanos record the birth �noche de S. Martin�Viernes� in 1155 of �el Rey D. Alfonso�[729].� The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Aldefonsus rex Castelle et Toliti" as son of "rex Sanctius"[730].� He succeeded his father 1158 as ALFONSO VIII �el Noble/�l de las Navas� King of Castile, Toledo and Extremadura.� His father's choice of Gutierre Fern�ndez de Castro as tutor of Infante don Alfonso was challenged by the Lara family after the infant's accession, which triggered a war of rivalry in Castile between the Castro and Lara families[731].� He ruled through the regency of his uncle Fernando II King of Le�n until 1169, disputed by the Castro and Lara families.� "Aldefonsus�Toleti, Castella et extremature rex et dominus" granted holiday days to "monasterio Sancti Zoyli de Carrione" to Cluny by charter dated [11 Nov] 1169[732].� Recaptured �lava, Vizcaya and Guip�zcoa from the Moors.� Defeated at Alarc�n 18 Jul 1195 by the King of Morocco who helped the Almohades defend Seville.� Taking advantage of his weakness, the Kings of Navarre and Le�n invaded Castile, all parties being reconciled 1199 and agreeing to fight the Moors as a common cause.� Alfonso VIII successfully led another crusade against the Almohades, culminating in victory at the battle of Las Navas de Tolosa 1212.� King Alfonso VIII was the first king to bear the arms of Castile.� The Annales Compostellani record the death �III Non Oct� in 1214 of �Aldefonsus Rex Castell��[733].� The Chronicon Bernardi Iterii records the death 15 Oct 1214 of "Ildefonsus rex de Castella"[734].� The Anales Toledanos record the death 5 Oct 1214 �en una aldea de Avila� of �el Rey D. Alfonso�[735].�

m (Betrothed [1168/69], Burgos Sep, before 17, 1177) ELEANOR of England, daughter of HENRY II King of England & his wife El�onore Dss d�Aquitaine (Domfront, Normandy 13 Oct 1162-Burgos 25 Oct 1214, bur Cistercian monastery Santa Mar�a la Real �de las Huelgas� near Burgos).� Her betrothal to "Aldefonso regi Castell�" is recorded by Matthew of Paris in 1168[736].� Ralph de Diceto�s Abbreviationes Chronicorum record in 1169 that �Alienor filia regis� married �Adelfunso regi Castell��[737].� Robert of Torigny records the marriage in 1170 of "Alienor filia Henrici regis Anglorum" and "Amfurso imperatore", commenting that he was not yet fifteen years old[738].� Alfonso VIII King of Castile "cum uxore mea Alionor regina et cum filiabus meis Berengaria et Sancia Infantissis" exchanged property with the Templars by charter dated 26 Jan 1183[739].� The Cr�nica Latina records that �el rey de Castilla� married �la hija del�rey Enrique, do�a Leonor� and that his father-in-law had promised him Gascony[740].� The Annales Compostellani record the death �II Kal Nov� in 1214 of �Regina Alienor uxor Aldefonsi Regis Castell��[741].� The Anales Toledanos record the death �viernes el postrimo dia de Octubre� in 1214 of �la Reyna Do�a Lionor, muggier del Rey D. Alfonso�[742].�

King Alfonso VIII & his wife had [thirteen] children:�

1. Infanta do�a BERENGUELA de Castilla (Burgos Jan/Jun 1180-Las Huelgas, near Burgos 8 Nov 1246, bur Las Huelgas, Cistercian monastery of Santa Mar�a la Real).� The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Henricum qui iuvenis obiit et quinque sorores, prima Berengaria�secunda Urraca, tertia regina Francie, quarta Alienor, quinta Constantia monialis" as children of "sorore regis Anglie Richardi�Alienor�soror ex alio patre comitisse Marie Campaniensis", specifying that Berengaria was wife of "regi Legionensi id est regi Galicie�Alfunsus" and mother of "Fernandum successorem regis parvi in Castella et Toledo" and recording their marriage was initially permitted by Pope Innocent III despite consanguinity but subsequently prohibited, after which Berengaria became a Cistercian nun at Burgos[743].� Her date of birth is calculated from Robert of Torigny recording the birth "circa Pascha" in 1181 of "filium Sancius" to "Alienor filia regis Anglorum uxor Anfulsi regis de Castella", stating that she had previously had one daughter[744].� Alfonso VIII King of Castile "cum uxore mea Alionor regina et cum filiabus meis Berengaria et Sancia Infantissis" exchanged property with the Templars by charter dated 26 Jan 1183[745].� The Annales Compostellani record that �Rex Aldef.� betrothed �filias suas� in 1188[746].� The identity of Berenguela�s first husband is confirmed by the charter dated 14 Oct 1190 under which "Aldefonsus�rex Castelle et Toleti�cum uxore mea Alienor regina et cum filio meo Ferrando" donated property to the abbey of Silos, which also refers to the marriage between "romani imperatoris filium Conradum" and "filiam suam Berengariam"[747].� The Cr�nica Latina records that �Conrado, hijo de Federico, emperador de los romanos� was betrothed to �el rey de Castilla�su hija do�a Berenguela�, adding that she was barely eight years old at the time[748].� Her second marriage, arranged by her father as part of the peace process with Le�n, caused religious fury because of the close relationship of the parties.� The Chronicon de Carde�a records that �Rey D. Alfonso de Leon� married �D. Alfonso�so fija Do�a Berenguela�[749].� The Cr�nica Latina records that �do�a Berenguela, hija del rey de Castilla� was married to �el rey de Le�n�, when peace was established being Castile and Le�n following the defeat at the battle of Alarcos, despite being related in the second degree of consanguinity[750].� Pope Innocent III excommunicated the couple, placed Castile and Le�n under an interdict, and eventually annulled the marriage though agreed that their children remained legitimate.� Infanta Berenguela became a nun at Las Huelgas in 1204, after separating from her husband.� Regent for her brother Enrique I 1214, she became heiress in her own right to Castile, Toledo and Extremadura on his death but immediately ceded her rights to her son Infante don Fernando.� She retired from public life in 1230, after transferring full power to her son.� The Chronicon de Carde�a records the death in 1240 of �la Reyna Do�a Berenguela, madre del Rey D. Fernando�[751].� The necrology of the Prieur� de Fontaines records the death "31 Oct" of "domina Berengeria, regina Castille et Toleti, soror domine Blanche Francorum regine"[752].� m firstly (contract Seligenstadt 23 Apr 1188, marriage not consummated) KONRAD von Staufen Herzog von Rothenburg, son of Emperor FRIEDRICH I �Barbarossa� & his second wife B�atrice Ctss de Bourgogne (Feb/Mar 1172-murdered Durlach 15 Aug 1196, bur Kloster Lorsch).� He succeeded his brother in 1191 as KONRAD Duke of Swabia.� m secondly (Valladolid [1/16] Dec 1197, annulled 1204) as his second wife, her first cousin, ALFONSO IX King of Le�n, son of FERNANDO II King of Le�n & his first wife Infanta dona Urraca de Portugal (Zamora 15 Aug 1171-Villanueva de Sarr�a 24 Sep 1230, bur Santiago de Compostela, Cathedral Santiago el Mayor).�

2. Infante don SANCHO Infante de Castilla (Burgos 5 Apr 1181-26 Jul 1181, bur Las Huelgas, Cistercian monastery of Santa Mar�a la Real).� Robert of Torigny records the birth "circa Pascha" in 1181 of "filium Sancius" to "Alienor filia regis Anglorum uxor Anfulsi regis de Castella"[753].� �Aldefonsus...Rex Castell� et Toleti...cum uxore mea Alienor Regina et cum filio meo Rege Sancio� donated property to the bishop of Segovia by charter dated 31 May 1181[754].� �Adefonsus...Rex Castell� et Toleti...cum uxore mea Alienor Regina et cum filio meo Rege Sancio� donated property to the monastery of Rocamador by charter dated 13 Jul 1181[755].�

3. Infante don ENRIQUE de Castilla (1182 before Jul-before Jan 1184).� The dating clause of a charter dated Jul 1182 records �regnante el Rey D. Alfonso...con su mugier Do�a Lionor, con su fijo D. Anric�[756].� The dating of the document in which his sister Sancha is named suggests that they may have been twins. �

4. Infanta do�a SANCHA de Castilla (20/28 Mar 1182-[3 Feb 1184/16 Oct 1185], bur Las Huelgas, Cistercian monastery of Santa Mar�a la Real). �Alfonso VIII King of Castile "cum uxore mea Alionor regina et cum filiabus meis Berengaria et Sancia Infantissis" exchanged property with the Templars by charter dated 26 Jan 1183[757].�

5. Infante don FERNANDO de Castilla (before Jan 1184-young).� The dating clause of a charter dated Jan 1184 (�V Kal Feb Era 1222�) records �regnante rege Alfonso cum uxore sua regina Eleonor et filio suo Fernando�[758].�

6. [Infante don SANCHO de Castilla ([1184/85]-1199).� Colmenares�s Historia de Segovia, written in [1620], records an urn �de f�brica moderna y piedra blanca� on the main altar of �la abad�a de San Tui [nombrada] antes de San Audito� whose inscription states that it contains the ashes and bones of �D. D. Sanctii, cuiusdam regis Castell� filii� who had retired from the world and followed a monastic life and died in 1199[759].� Colmenares suggests that this refers to �el infante Don Sancho, hijo del rey Don Alonso Noble� [presumably King Alfonso VIII].� He cites �las coronicas de la �rden de Santiago� which record that �Don Fernando Diaz maestre de aquella orden, renunciado el maestrazgo a�o 1186 se retir� al convento de San Audito� and adds �acaso en compa�ia del infante�.� The Chronica de Sanctiago, written in 1572, to which Colmenares must be referring records that in 1186 �el Maestre don Fernan Diaz a instancia del Rey don Alonso� renounced �el Maestradgo� (after holding office for only two years) and that the king gave him �el Monesterio realengo de Sant Audito...para que viviesse alli con los Freyles de su Orden�[760].� This information cannot be verified further.� However, it is not impossible that the queen gave birth in [1184/85] to a son named Sancho, who was severely handicapped, and that his father persuaded Maestro Fernando D�az to resign his office to take care of the child and granted him the monastery where Sancho lived until his death a few years later.]�

7. Infanta do�a URRACA de Castilla ([1186/28 May 1187]-Coimbra 3 Nov 1220, bur Cistercian monastery of Santa Mar�a de Alcoba�a).� The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Henricum qui iuvenis obiit et quinque sorores, prima Berengaria�secunda Urraca, tertia regina Francie, quarta Alienor, quinta Constantia monialis" as children of "sorore regis Anglie Richardi�Alienor�soror ex alio patre comitisse Marie Campaniensis", specifying that Urraca was "regina Portugalie"[761].� The De Rebus Hispani� of Rodericus Ximenes records that "Aldefonsum", son of "Sancius" & his wife, married "Urracam filiam Regis Castell�Aldefonsi"[762].� The testament of �Regina Portugali� Donna Urraca�, dated 31 Jul 1214, fearing her own death bequeathed half of her property to �viro meo Regi Domno Alphonso�, and made various religious donations[763].� �Alphonsus...Portugali� Rex...cum uxore mea Regina D. Urraca et filliis meis Infantibus Dono Sancio et Dono Alphonso et Dona Eleonor� granted property �in Ansede� to �Gunsalvo Gomes homini meo� by charter dated Jun 1217[764].� The Breve Chronicon Alcobacense records that "Alfonsus" was buried "Alcobacie cum uxore sua domna Urraca filia regis Castelle domni Alfonsi"[765].� m (1206) Infante dom AFONSO de Portugal, son of SANCHO I �o Pobledor� King of Portugal & Infanta do�a Dulcia de Arag�n (Coimbra 23 Apr 1185-Coimbra 25 Mar 1223, bur Cistercian monastery of Santa Mar�a de Alcoba�a).� He succeeded his father in 1212 as AFONSO II �o Gordo� King of Portugal.�

8. Infanta do�a BLANCA de Castilla (Palencia [1188/89] before 4 Mar-Paris 27 Nov 1252, bur Notre-Dame de Maubuisson).� The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Blanche Francie regina" as daughter of "filio�Sanctii rege", in a later passage recording the marriage in 1200 of "Ludovicus filius regis Francie" and "Blancham filiam Alphonsi regis Castelle neptem ex sorore regum Anglie Richardi et Iohannis"[766].� The dating clause of a charter dated 4 Mar 1190 (�era MCCXXVIII�), which records a donation to Arlanza, states �anno quo nata est Palentie infantissa Blanca de regina Alienor�[767].� Blanca�s birth in 1190 appears inconsistent with the birth of her brother Fernando 29 Nov 1189.� Fernando�s birth makes 1189 improbable as well, unless Blanca was born very early in the year.� �[1188/89]� seems the best estimation, which is consistent with her having reached the age of 12 on her marriage.� As part of continuing Anglo/French peace negotiations, John King of England gave Infanta Blanca (who was his niece) as dowry Issoudun and Gra�ay en Berry, le Vexin, Evreux and 20,000 marcs of silver.� She was crowned Queen with her husband 6 Aug 1223.� Regent of France during the minority of her son King Louis IX 1226-1234, and also during his absence on crusade 1248 until her death.� An anonymous chronicle of the kings of France, written [1286/1314], records the death in 1252 of "Blanche...reine de France" and her burial "� l�abe�e de Maubuisson"[768].� Her death is recorded by Matthew of Paris[769].� The necrology of H�tel-Dieu at Provins records the death "IV Kal Dec" of "Blancha Francorum regina"[770].� The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "V Kal Dec" of "Blanche regina"[771].� m (Abbaye de Port-Mort near Pont-Audemer, Normandy 23 May 1200) LOUIS de France, son of PHILIPPE II �Auguste� King of France & his first wife Isabelle de Hainaut (Paris, Palais Royal 3 Sep 1187-Ch�teau de Montpensier-en-Auvergne 8 Nov 1226, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� He succeeded his father in 1223 as LOUIS VIII King of France.�

9. Infante don FERNANDO de Castilla (Cuenca 29 Nov 1189-Madrid 14 Oct 1211, bur Las Huelgas, Cistercian monastery of Santa Mar�a la Real).� The Anales Toledanos record the birth �en Miercores dia de S. Saturnin� in 1189 of �el Infant D. Ferrando�[772].� The dating clause of a charter dated 16 Mar 1190 refers to �anno quo natus est...in civitate Concha rex Fredinandus filius...regis Aldefonsi et uxoris eius regin� Alienor[773].� "Aldefonsus�rex Castelle et Toleti�cum uxore mea Alienor regina et cum filio meo Ferrando" donated property to the abbey of Silos by charter dated 14 Oct 1190, which also refers to the marriage between "romani imperatoris filium Conradum" and "filiam suam Berengariam"[774].� He was named heir to the throne of Castile 2 Dec 1189.� He died "of a malignant fever" on returning from a campaign against the Moors in the Sierra de San Vicente[775].� The Annales Compostellani record the death �Id Oct� in 1211 of �Infans Fernandus filius Aldefonsi Regis Castell��[776].� The Anales Toledanos record the death 14 Oct 1211 of �el Infant D. Ferrando�[777].� The Cr�nica Latina records that �Fernando, hijo del rey� died in Madrid scarcely 15 days after returning from campaigning against the Moors and was buried �en el monasterio real�en Burgos�[778].�

10. Infanta do�a MAFALDA de Castilla (1191-Salamanca 1204, bur Salamanca Cathedral).� Szabolcs de Vajay says that she �died at the point of becoming the fianc�e of the Infante Fernando of Le�n� (without citing the primary source on which this information is based) and refers to her tomb in Salamanca[779].� Betrothed (1204) to Infante don FERNANDO de Le�n, son of ALFONSO IX King of Leon & his first wife Infanta dona Teresa de Portugal ([1192/93]-Aug 1214, bur Santiago de Compostela, Cathedral of Santiago el Mayor).�

11. Infanta do�a CONSTANZA de Castilla ([1195]-Las Huelgas 1243, bur monastery of Santa Mar�a la Real at Las Huelgas).� The Chronicon Mundi of Lucas Tudensis names "Berengariam et Blancam et Urracam et Alionoram et Constantiam" as the daughters of Alfonso VIII King of Castile and his wife, adding that Constanza became a nun[780].� Nun at the Cistercian monastery of Santa Mar�a la Real at Las Huelgas 1217, later Abbess.

12. Infanta do�a LEONOR de Castilla ([1202]-Burgos 1244, bur monastery of Santa Mar�a la Real at Las Huelgas).� The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Henricum qui iuvenis obiit et quinque sorores, prima Berengaria�secunda Urraca, tertia regina Francie, quarta Alienor, quinta Constantia monialis" as children of "sorore regis Anglie Richardi�Alienor�soror ex alio patre comitisse Marie Campaniensis", specifying that Leonor was "Arragonum regina"[781].� The Cr�nica de San Juan de la Pe�a records the marriage of Jaime I King of Aragon and "la filia del Rey de Castiella�Elionor", stating that the couple was separated on grounds of consanguinity and that Leonor was buried "en el monasterio de Beruela"[782].� She became a nun at Las Huelgas after her separation from her husband.� m (Agreda 6 Feb 1221, separated end Apr 1229 on grounds of consanguinity) as his first wife, JAIME I �el Conquistador� King of Aragon, Conde de Barcelona, son of PEDRO II King of Aragon & his wife Marie de Montpellier (Montpellier 1 Feb 1208-Valencia 27 Jul 1276, bur Poblet, monastery of Nuestra Se�ora).

13. Infante don ENRIQUE de Castilla (Valladolid 14 Apr 1204-Palencia 6 Jun 1217, bur Las Huelgas, Cistercian monastery of Santa Mar�a la Real).� The Anales Toledanos record the birth 14 Apr 1204 of �el Infant D. Enric�[783].� The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Henricum qui iuvenis obiit et quinque sorores, prima Berengaria�secunda Urraca, tertia regina Francie, quarta Alienor, quinta Constantia monialis" as children of "sorore regis Anglie Richardi�Alienor�soror ex alio patre comitisse Marie Campaniensis"[784].� He became heir apparent in 1211 on the death of his older brother, and succeeded his father in 1214 as ENRIQUE I King of Castile, Toledo and Extremadura, under the regency firstly of his mother and, after three weeks, of his sister Berenguela.� Nobles and church leaders took advantage of the weakness of his rule, �lvar de Toledo assuming a position of tyrannical power.� The Annales Compostellani record the death in 1217 of �Enricus Rex Castell� filius Aldefonsi Regis�[785].� King Enrique died after being injured by a tile falling from a roof.� m (Burgos 1215 before 29 Aug, separated 1216 for consanguinity) Infanta dona MAFALDA de Portugal, daughter of SANCHO I �o Pobledor� King of Portugal & his wife Infanta do�a Dulcia de Arag�n (-Amarente, Rio Tinto 1 May 1256, bur Cistercian convent of Arouca).� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Mafalda, D. Sancha�D. Blanca�D. Teresa�" as the daughters of "D. Sancho Rey de Portugal" and his wife "D. Aldon�a", adding that Teresa was buried "en S. Cruz de Coimbra"[786].� The testament of �Sancius...Portugali� Rex�, dated Oct 1209, bequeathed property to �...nepos meus Infans Donnus Fernandus...fili� me� Regin� Donn� Tharasi�...Regin� Donn� Sanci�...Regin� Donna Maphalda...Regin� Donn� Blanc�...Regin� Donn� Bereng...Infanti Donn� Dulci� nepti me�...Infanti D. S. nepti me�...�[787].� She became Se�ora de Arou�a after her separation from her husband.� Founder of, and a nun at, the Cistercian convent of Arou�a near Lisbon.� The testament of �Regina Domna Mafalda�, dated 1256, chose burial �in monasterio de Arauca�, bequeathed property to �...Domn� Orrac� Sancii sorori me�...Domn� Adar� Petri...D. Majori Suerii...[et] filiam suam�, and appointed as her executors �Dominam Orracam Sancii sororem meam et Dominam Eldaram consanguineam meam...�[788].� Beatified 27 Jun 1793 by Pope Pius VI[789].� Betrothed ([1216]) to his second cousin Infanta do�a SANCHA de Le�n, daughter of ALFONSO IX King of Le�n & his first wife Infanta dona Teresa de Portugal (Autumn 1191-Villabuena before 1243, bur monastery of Villabuena de Carracedo).� She became a nun 1217 at the monastery of Villabuena de Carracedo.� .�

Chapter 3.�� KINGS of LE�N

A.�� KINGS of LE�N 1157-1230

Infante don FERNANDO de Castilla y Le�n, son of ALFONSO VII "el Emperador" King of Castile and Le�n & his first wife Berenguela de Barcelona (1137-Benavente 22 Jan 1188, bur Santiago de Compostela, Cathedral Santiago el Mayor).� The De Rebus Hispani� of Rodericus Ximenes names "Sancium et Fernandum, Elisabeth et Beatiam" as the children of "Aldefonsi Hispaniarum Regis" and his wife "Berengariam"[790].� The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Fernando" as brother of "rex Sanctius"[791].� "Santius et�Fredinandus et Garsias filii ymperatories" confirmed the charter dated 12 Sep 1142 under which Alfonso VII King of Castile donated "uillam�Taranna" to "Martino Didaci"[792].� "Sancius et�Fernandus et Garsias filii imperatoris�" confirmed the charter dated 19 Aug 1146 under which Alfonso VII King of Castile donated "ecclesiam�sanctam Mariam de Uelerda" to "Martino Didaci"[793].� �Adefonsus Imperator Hispani�...cum uxore mea Imperatrice Domina Rica et cum filiis meis Sancio et Ferrando Regibus� donated property to the bishop of Segovia by charter dated 28 Jan 1155[794].� He succeeded his father in 1157 as FERNANDO II King of Le�n, Galicia and Extremadura.� Regent for his nephew Alfonso VIII King of Castile.� He founded the brotherhood of the knights of C�ceres (�hermandad de freiles de C�ceres�) shortly after capturing the town in 1170.� This soon developed into the Order of Santiago, which received the confirmation of the Papacy 1175, when the archbishop of Santiago entered the order as an honorary knight and donated a standard of the saint.� The Annales Compostellani record the death in 1187 of �Fernandus Rex Legionis�[795].� The Anales Toledanos record the death in 1188 of �el Rey D. Ferrando, fillo del Emperador�[796].�

m firstly ([May/Jun] 1165, repudiated [Feb 1171/1172]) Infanta dona URRACA de Portugal, daughter of AFONSO I Henriques King of Portugal & his wife Mathilde de Savoie ([1151]-Valladolid 16 Oct 1188).� The De Rebus Hispani� of Rodericus Ximenes names "Sancium et Urracam�et aliam filiam�Tarasia" as the children of "Aldefonsum" & his wife, specifying that Urraca married "Fernandi Regis Legionensis"[797].� The Chronicon Lusitanum records that �D. Orracam� daughter of �Rex Donnus Alfonsus� and his wife �Donnam Matildam, Comitis Amad�i de Moriana filiam� married �Regi Legionensium Donno Fernando�, adding in a later passage that they married in Aug 1209 (1171)[798].� The Cr�nica Latina records that �el rey Fernando� married �Urraca, hija de Alfonso rey de Portugal� but that they were related in the third degree of consanguinity[799].� "Regina Sancia comitis Raymundi et regine Urrache regia proles" donated an inn near Mucientes to Sahag�n monastery by charter dated 15 Mar 1158, subscribed by "Regina Urracha de Asturias, Stephania Infantissa filia imperatoris�"[800].� The dating clause of a charter dated 13 Feb 1171 records "regnante Rege Donno F. in Legione, Galesia, Asturiis et Extrematus�cum uxore sua regina donna Urracha"[801].� Lucas de Tuy records that "Rex Fernandus" repudiated "uxorem suam Urracam filiam Regis Adefonsi, eo quod erat consanguinea eius propinquo gradu"[802].� The precise dating of the couple�s separation is uncertain, but Salazar y Castro states he found no charters naming Urraca as King Fernando�s wife after 1171[803].�

m secondly ([1172/6 May 1173]) TERESA [N��ez de Lara, daughter of NU�O P�rez de Lara & his wife Teresa Fern�ndez de Traba] (-Le�n 7 Feb 1180, bur Le�n, monastery of San Isidro).� Salazar y Castro states that the Coronica General records the marriage of "el Rey D. Ferrando" and "Do�a Teresa fija del conde D. Nu�o de Castiella"[804].� There is some doubt whether King Fernando II�s second wife was the widow or daughter of Nu�o P�rez de Lara.� Lucas de Tuy records that "Rex Fernandus" married secondly "Tharasiam qua fuerat uxor Nunii comitis de Castella"[805], and Rodrigo de Jim�nez that the king married "Tarasiam filiam comitis Fernandi, qu� fuerat uxor comitis Nunii de Castella"[806].� Salazar y Castro (following numerous earlier authors which he cites) highlights the difficulties with these texts as written (especially because of �la desigualdad de las edades� of the parties and their consanguinity which would have been even closer than the relationship between King Fernando and his first wife for whose marriage a dispensation was refused), although he cites no earlier primary source which confirms that the king�s wife was Nu�o�s daughter.� A charter dated 6 May 1173 (�Era MCCXI�) records the sale of property by �Nu�o Gontinez y su muger Ximena Ovequez� which had been granted to them by "Rege F. et Regina domina Tarasia�in Montenigro�Villar ripam de Goaa"[807].� Given the death of Nu�o P�rez de Lara in 1177, this document would settle the question if accurate but no other reference to the charter has been found to check Salazar y Castro�s extract (in particular whether the date is correctly transcribed).� Szabolcs de Vajay accepts the second marriage of Teresa Fern�ndez (Nu�o�s widow) with the king, supposedly finding the solution to the chronological difficulties by saying that she was Fernando P�rez�s daughter "by Sancha Gonz�lez (and not, as is often alleged, by the Infanta Teresa of Portugal)"[808].� His solution is inconsistent with the rather garbled text of the Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos which names "D. Sancha Vermuiz, D. Teresa Vermuiz" as the children of "D. Vermui Perez Potestade de Trava" [presumably an error] and his first wife "la Reina D. Teresa de Portugal", in a later passage recording that "El Conde D. Nu�o de Lara" married "D. Teresa Fernandez"[809].� While acknowledging that there is no guarantee of the accuracy of Pedro de Barcelos, Szabolcs�s solution does not in any case resolve the chronological problems.� The marriages of Fernando P�rez de Traba�s legitimate children by his wife are noted between 1142 and 1150, which would presumably place their births around [1120/35].� This still appears early for the possible birth date of King Fernando II�s second wife given the birth of the couple�s children in [1178/80].� The problems would be resolved if the king�s wife was Nu�o�s daughter and not his widow, in line with the Coronica General.� This would assume that both Lucas de Tuy and Rodrigo de Jim�nez were incorrect, but is consistent with Queen Teresa being named in May 1173, four years before the death of Nu�o P�rez, and also with her death in childbirth in 1180 (see below).� It should also be noted that Salazar y Castro records that Nu�o P�rez and his wife were both buried in the monastery of Perales[810]: no document has been found which confirms this statement, but if it is correct the evidence would be conclusive as a monument in San Isidro, Le�n records the burial of "Regina�coniux Tarasia Regis Fernandi"[811].� Szabolcs de Vajay cites the epitaph which confirms that Queen Teresa died in childbirth[812].� An apparently contrary indication is provided by an early 13th century document: �lvaro N��ez de Lara (son of Nu�o P�rez de Lara and his wife) is described as �filius comitis domni Nunonis et regine domne Tarasie� in a donation of property to Sobrado by charter dated 23 Nov 1204[813].� S�nchez de Mora identifies �lvaro�s mother as Teresa Queen of Le�n[814], which is consistent with a literal reading of the wording.� However, he does not consider the possibility of an omission in the document (�nepos� omitted after �et�, for example) which could then represent a reference to �lvaro�s descent from Teresa Queen of Portugal, an illustrious relationship which a scribe would have considered worthy of record.� In conclusion, there are factors which point both ways, but on balance it seems more likely that King Fernando�s wife was Nu�o�s daughter, as Nu�o�s widow would have been over fifty in 1180, unusually old for child-bearing.�

m thirdly (May 1187) URRACA L�pez de Haro, widow of NU�O Men�ndez Se�or de Ce�n y Ria�o, daughter of conde L�PE D�az de Haro, Se�or de Vizcaya & his second wife Aldonza Rodr�guez (-Cistercian monastery of Vilena 1223, bur Vilena).� She was the king�s mistress from at least May 1182.� Se�ora de Aguilar y Monteagudo 1187[815].� �Regina domna Vrraka Lupi...cum filio meo infanti Santio et filia mea Maria Nunez� donated �hereditate de Magroueio...in Mafules� to �magistro Michaeli� by charter dated 1195[816].� "Domna Urraca Lupi Regina filia comitis Lupi" donated property to the monastery of Las Huelgas de Burgos for the foundation of the monastery of Vile�a, for the soul of "filiique mei Sanci Ferrandi", by charter dated Apr 1222[817]. �

King Fernando II & his first wife had one child:

1. Infante don ALFONSO de Le�n (Zamora 15 Aug 1171-Villanueva de Sarr�a 24 Sep 1230, bur Santiago de Compostela, Cathedral Santiago el Mayor).� The Chronicon Conimbricensi records the birth �mense Februario�in die Ascensionis Domini� (presumably an error) in 1171 of �Rex Alfonsus filius Regis Fernandi et D�� Orace Regin��[818].� He succeeded his father in 1188 as ALFONSO IX King of Le�n and Galicia.�

-�� see below.�

King Fernando II & his second wife had two children:

2. FERNANDO Fern�ndez ([1178]-[1187], bur Le�n, monastery of San Isidro).� Szabolcs de Vajay quotes the epitaph of �Fernandus, Fernandi regis filius�[819].�

3. child (b and d 6 Feb 1180, bur Le�n, monastery of San Isidro).� Szabolcs de Vajay cites the epitaph which confirms that his/her mother died in childbirth[820].�

King Fernando II & his third wife had three children:

4. GARC�A Fern�ndez (1182-1184, bur Le�n, monastery of San Isidro).� Szabolcs de Vajay quotes the epitaph of �Garsia, Fernandi regis filius�[821].�

5. Infante don ALFONSO Fern�ndez de Le�n (1184-before 22 Jan 1188).� He is named by Szabolcs de Vajay who cites no primary source[822].�

6. Infante don SANCHO Fern�ndez de Le�n (1186-Ca�amero 25 Aug 1220, bur Cistercian monastery of Santa Mar�a de Perales).� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Sancho" as the son of Fernando II King of Le�n, adding in a later passage that he was killed by a bear "en Ca�amero"[823].� Szabolcs de Vajay confuses Infante don Sancho Fern�ndez with his illegitimate half-brother Sancho Fern�ndez (see below)[824], although the Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos (assuming it is factually accurate) makes it clear that they were two different persons.� �Regina domna Vrraka Lupi...cum filio meo infanti Santio et filia mea Maria Nunez� donated �hereditate de Magroueio...in Mafules� to �magistro Michaeli� by charter dated 1195[825].� Se�or de Monteagudo y Aguilar.� Alf�rez mayor of his half-brother Alfonso IX King of L�on 10 Jun 1213, and 8 Dec 1213 to 16 Jul 1218.� Governor of Montenegro and Sarr�a 1210-1219.� The Annales Compostellani record that �Infans Sancius Fernan� was killed by a bear in 1219 �in Monte Aragone�[826].� The Anales Toledanos record that �Sancho Fernandez, fillo del Rey D. Fernando, fillo del Emperador� was killed by a bear 25 Aug 1220[827].� "Domna Urraca Lupi Regina filia comitis Lupi" donated property to the monastery of Las Huelgas de Burgos for the foundation of the monastery of Vile�a, for the soul of "filiique mei Sanci Ferrandi", by charter dated Apr 1222[828]. �m ([after 1210][829]) TERESA D�az de Haro, daughter of DIEGO L�pez �el Bueno� Conde de Haro, Se�or de Vizcaya & his second wife Toda P�rez.� Szabolcs de Vajay records her parentage and marriage, dating the marriage to "after 1210", but does not cite the primary source on which the information is based[830].� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos does not name the wife of Infante don Sancho Fern�ndez[831].� Infante Sancho & his wife had one child:�

a) MAR�A S�nchez de Fines (-after 1240).� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Iuan Sanchez de Fines, D. Maria Sanchez" as the children of "D. Sancho Fernandez", son of Fernando II King of Le�n, in a later passage recording that "D. Pedro Fernandez de Castro llamado el Castellano" married "D. Maria Sanchez"[832].� Szabolcs de Vajay names her second husband but cites no primary source which confirms the marriage[833].� m firstly as his second wife, her second cousin, PEDRO Fern�ndez de Castro ��l de la Guerra�, son of FERNANDO Rodr�guez de Castro & his second wife Estefan�a Alfonso "la Desdichada" ([1170]-Marmelos, Morocco 18 Aug 1214, bur Bernardine monastery of Santa Mar�a de Valbuena).� Se�or de Paredes y del Infantado de Le�n.� m secondly ([1235]) as his second wife, G�MEZ Enr�quez de Deza Se�or de Probaos y Vendos, son of ENRIQUE Fern�ndez Se�or de Probaos & his wife --- (-after 1240).� Se�or de Probaos, Tendeiros y Vendos 1240.�

King Fernando II had one illegitimate child by an unknown mistress:

7. SANCHO Fern�ndez .� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Sancho Fernandez" as the illegitimate son of Fernando II King of Le�n[834].� m TERESA G�mez de Roa, daughter of ---.� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos records that "D. Sancho Fernandez", illegitimate son of Fernando II King of Le�n, married "D. Teresa Gomez de Roa Rica Due�a"[835].� Sancho & his wife had two children:�

a) JUAN S�nchez de Fines .� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Juan Sanchez de Fines, D. Maria Sanchez" as the children of "D. Sancho Fernandez", illegitimate son of Fernando II King of Le�n, and his wife "D. Teresa Gomez de Roca Rica Due�a", adding that Juan captured the castle of Fines from the Moors[836].� Se�or de Fines.� same person as�?� DIEGO S�nchez de Fines (-after [May/Jun] 1282).� As no other references have been found to an individual named "Juan S�nchez de Fines", it is assumed that the Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos misnamed "Diego" as "Juan" in the passage quoted above. �Salazar y Castro names "D. Diag Sanchez ricohombre I se�or de Fines y de Alva de Tormes, Salvatierra y Villanueva, Adelantado mayor de la frontera, hijo de don Sancho Fernandez�hijo de D. Fernando II", from the context implying that his father was Sancho Fern�ndez, illegitimate son of King Fernando II, when recording his marriage[837].�� Szabolcs de Vajay confuses Infante don Sancho Fern�ndez with his illegitimate half-brother Sancho Fern�ndez and states that "Diego S�nchez de Fines" (placing his birth at "c. 1204", without stating the basis for this estimate) was the son of Infante don Sancho[838], although this contradicts the record in the Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos (assuming that that source is factually accurate).� Argote Molina quotes a charter "en el archivo de la Sancta Iglesia de Toledo" which records a donation made by "Diag" who states that "gan� Fines el castillo cerca de Valdeporchena", dated 1242[839].� The Primera Cr�nica General de Espa�a records that Fernando III King of Castile journeyed to C�rdoba, intending to attack Carmona, in 1246, accompanied by "don Alfonso su hermano, don Anrrique du fijo, los maestres�de Vcl�s et de Calatraua, et Diego Ss�nchez, et don Gutier Ssu�rez"[840].� The Primera Cr�nica General de Espa�a records that "Diego S�nchez y Sebasti�n Guti�rrez" were attacked by Muslims in Sevilla and that Diego S�nchez would have been killed if help had not arrived from the Castilian army (undated)[841].� Adelantado mayor de Andaluc�a (or de la Frontera) [Apr/Jun] 1258 to 1261 (after 11 Jan), and 1272 (before 23 Jun) to 1273 (after 3 Jan)[842].� "�Diago Sanchez�" subscribed the charter dated 11 Sep 1262 under which Alfonso X King of Castile approved the division of property between Toledo and Talavera[843].� A document dated 26 Apr 1265 records "nuestra hermandad" between the councils of C�rdoba, Ja�n, Baeza, �beda, And�jar, Santisteban, Iznatoraf, Quesada y Cazorla and "D. Diago Sanchez de Funes, � con D. Sancho Martinez de Jodar"[844].� Alfonso X King of Castile granted "un molinar en el Guadalquivir entre Estibel y Meng�bar" to "Diego S�nchez de Funes" by charter dated 28 Apr 1269[845].� Alfonso X King of Castile granted the rights in "Meng�bar y en t�rmino de Baez" held by "D�a Ienn�guez" and "Diag S�nchez" to the council of Jaen for three years by charter dated [May/Jun] 1282[846].� Szabolcs de Vajay records that there were two individuals, father and son, both named "Diego S�nchez de Fines", stating that the father died "1260" (no primary source cited) and the son "1296"[847].� On the other hand, Argote Molina proceeds on the assumption that there was only one person of this name[848], as does V�zquez Campos[849].� Insufficient primary source data has been found to reach a sensible judgment about which position is correct.� One of the difficulties is that, according to V�zquez Campos, "Diego S�nchez de Fines" held the office of adelantado Mayor de Andaluc�a during two separate periods of time as noted above (1258 to 1261 and 1272 to 1273).� Szabolcs de Vajay may therefore have proceeded under the impression that the position was held for life until the death of the incumbent (although the primary source documentation which has so far consulted during the preparation of the present documentation is insufficiently detailed to justify this impression), and concluded that there must have been two persons of the same name.� m [firstly] (1246) TERESA G�mez de Villalobos, daughter of G�MEZ Gonz�lez de Aza & his wife Teresa Gil de Villalobos.� Salazar y Castro records that "do�a Teresa Fomez de Roa" married "D. Diag Sanchez ricohombre I se�or de Fines y de Alva de Tormes, Salvatierra y Villanueva, Adelantado mayor de la frontera, hijo de don Sancho Fernandez�hijo de D. Fernando II"[850].� [m [secondly] (after 1270) JUANA Ruiz de Haro, daughter of RUY L�pez de Haro Se�or de La Guardia & his wife Sancha Jofre Tenorio.� Szabolcs de Vajay records her parentage and marriage, on the assumption that she was the wife of the younger "Diego S�nchez de Fines", and mother of the daughter who is named below[851].� The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified.]� Diego & his [first] wife had one child:�

i) JUAN D�az de Fines (-young).� Szabolcs de Vajay names "Juan D�az de Fines, died young" as the son of Diego S�nchez de Fines and his wife Teresa G�mez but does not cite the primary source on which this information is based[852].�

Diego & his [second] wife had one child:�

ii) JUANA D�az de Fines.� Szabolcs de Vajay records Juana as the daughter of Diego S�nchez de Fines (the younger) and his wife Juana Ruiz de Haro, but does not cite the primary source on which this information is based[853].� Argote Molina names "do�a Juana Diaz" as the daughter of "don Diego S�nchez de Funes" (proceeding on the assumption that there was only one person of that name, as noted above) but does not name her mother, recording her marriage to "Rodrigo I��guez de Biedma Se�or de Estiviel y Alcayde de los Alca�ares de Iaen" but does not cite the primary source on which this information is based[854].� Living 1296.� Se�ora de Fines, Alba de Tormes and Salvatierra.� m RODRIGO ��iguez de Biedma �el Mozo� Se�or de Ortalan�a, son of ---.� Caudillo mayor of the bishopric of Ja�n[855].�

b) MAR�A S�nchez .� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Juan Sanchez de Fines, D. Maria Sanchez" as the children of "D. Sancho Fernandez", illegitimate son of Fernando II King of Le�n, and his wife "D. Teresa Gomez de Roca Rica Due�a", adding in a later passage that Mar�a S�nchez married, as his first wife, "D. Gomes Enriquez de Pobraos i Vendos" by whom she had "Diego Gomez de Pobraos"[856].� m as his first wife, GOMES Henriques de Pobraos I Vendos, son of ---.�

Infante don ALFONSO de Le�n, son of FERNANDO II King of Le�n & his first wife Infanta dona Urraca de Portugal (Zamora 15 Aug 1171-Villanueva de Sarr�a 24 Sep 1230, bur Santiago de Compostela, Cathedral Santiago el Mayor).� The Chronicon Conimbricensi records the birth �mense Februario�in die Ascensionis Domini� (presumably an error) in 1171 of �Rex Alfonsus filius Regis Fernandi et D�� Orace Regin��[857].� The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Aldefonsus rex Legionis" as son of "Fernando [frater regis Sanctii]"[858].� He succeeded his father in 1188 as ALFONSO IX King of Le�n and Galicia.� He held the first documented Cortes in Le�n in 1188, attended by duly elected representatives of towns as well as nobles and ecclesiasts.� The Pope excommunicated him because of his first marriage, between cousins without papal dispensation, and placed Le�n under an interdict until Alfonso agreed to a separation.� Another dispute broke out with the church after he married his second wife, also his first cousin, from whom he was also obliged to separate.� He succeeded in 1217 as ALFONSO IX King of Castile, by right of his second wife and son.� He successfully campaigned against the Moors, capturing Lazeres, Merida, Elvas, Badajoz and several towns in Extremadura in 1228.� The Anales Toledanos record the death in 1230 �en Villanneva de Saria� of �el Rey Don Alfonso de Leon, Padre del Rey D. Fernando�[859].�

m firstly (Guimar�es 15 Feb 1191, separated 1195, annulled for consanguinity 1198) his first cousin, Infanta dona TERESA de Portugal, daughter of SANCHO I �o Pobledor� King of Portugal & his wife Dulce de Barcelona ([1176]-Lorvano 17/18 Jun 1250, bur Lorvano, Cistercian monastery of Nuestra Se�ora de la Expectaci�n).� The De Rebus Hispani� of Rodericus Ximenes records the marriage of "Tarasiam", other daughter of "Rex�Sancius", and "Aldefonso Regi Legionensi", specifying that the union was incestuous[860].� Nun at Lorvano 1200.� Co-founder of the Dominican convent at Coimbra.� The testament of �Sancius...Portugali� Rex�, dated Oct 1209, bequeathed property to �...nepos meus Infans Donnus Fernandus...fili� me� Regin� Donn� Tharasi�...Regin� Donn� Sanci�...Regin� Donna Maphalda...Regin� Donn� Blanc�...Regin� Donn� Bereng...Infanti Donn� Dulci� nepti me�...Infanti D. S. nepti me�...�[861].� Beatified 23 Dec 1705 by Pope Clement XI[862].�

m secondly (Valladolid Dec, before 17, 1197, separated 1204 before 19 Jun) as her second husband, his first cousin, Infanta do�a BERENGUELA de Castilla, daughter of ALFONSO VIII King of Castile & his wife Eleanor of England (Jan/Jun 1180-Las Huelgas 8 Nov 1246).� The Chronicon de Carde�a records that �Rey D. Alfonso de Leon� married �D. Alfonso�so fija Do�a Berenguela�[863].� The Cr�nica Latina records that �do�a Berenguela, hija del rey de Castilla� was married to �el rey de Le�n�, when peace was established being Castile and Le�n following the defeat at the battle of Alarcos, despite being related in the second degree of consanguinity[864].� The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Henricum qui iuvenis obiit et quinque sorores, prima Berengaria�secunda Urraca, tertia regina Francie, quarta Alienor, quinta Constantia monialis" as children of "sorore regis Anglie Richardi�Alienor�soror ex alio patre comitisse Marie Campaniensis", specifying that Berengaria was wife of "regi Legionensi id est regi Galicie�Alfunsus" and mother of "Fernandum successorem regis parvi in Castella et Toledo" and recording their marriage was initially permitted by Pope Innocent III despite consanguinity but subsequently prohibited, after which Berengaria became a Cistercian nun at Burgos[865].� Her second marriage, arranged by her father as part of the peace process with Le�n, caused religious fury because of the close relationship of the parties.� Pope Innocent III excommunicated the couple, placed Castile and Le�n under an interdict, and eventually annulled the marriage though agreed that their Children remained legitimate.� Infanta Berenguela became a nun at Las Huelgas 1204, after separating from her husband.� Regent for her brother Enrique I 1214, she became heiress in her own right to Castile, Toledo and Extremadura on his death but immediately ceded her rights to her son Infante don Fernando.� She retired from public life in 1230, after transferring full power to her son.� The Chronicon de Carde�a records the death in 1240 of �la Reyna Do�a Berenguela, madre del Rey D. Fernando�[866].� The necrology of the Prieur� de Fontaines records the death "31 Oct" of "domina Berengeria, regina Castille et Toleti, soror domine Blanche Francorum regine"[867].�

Mistress (1): [1195] ---.� The name of the first mistress of King Alfonso IX is not known.� Szabolcs de Vajay says that she was "of modest antecedents"[868], but the basis for this statement is not known.�

Mistress (2): [1195] IN�S ��iguez de Mendoza, daughter of ��IGO L�pez de Mendoza Se�or de Llodio [Governor in Soria and Burgos] & his wife Mar�a Garc�a Salvad�rez.� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Ines ��iguez de Mendoca" as the mother of King Alfonso IX�s children Urraca and Fernando[869].�

Mistress (3): [1206-1210] ALDONZA Mart�nez de Silva, daughter of MART�N G�mez Se�or de Silva & his wife Urraca Ruiz de Cabrera (-after 1232).� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Aldon�a Martinez de Silva" as the mother of King Alfonso�s three children who are named below[870].� She married (after 1210) Diego Froilaz.� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos records that "D. Diego Frojas" married "D. Aldon�a Martinez de Silva, que avia sido amiga del Rey D. Alonso de Leon"[871].�

Mistress (4): [1210-1215] ESTEFAN�A P�rez, daughter of PEDRO Arias de Limia [Mayordomo Mayor of King Fernando II of Le�n] & his second wife Constanza Osorio (-1249 or after).� Estefan�a P�rez was given the realengo of Villamayor in 1215, but in 1249 granted it to the monastery of Mel�n with the consent of her husband Rodrigo Suarez, for the souls of �Alfonso IX y de su hijo Fernando�[872].� She married Rodrigo Su�rez.�

Mistress (5): [1215-1220] MAURA, daughter of --- (-bur Salamanca Cathedral).� Florez says that �Maura� mother of Fernando Dean of Santiago was buried �en la Catedral antigua de Salamanca�[873].� Szabolcs de Vajay says that she was "probably of modest origins"[874].�

Mistress (6): [1220-1230] TERESA Gil de Soverosa, daughter of GIL V�zquez de Soverosa & his wife Mar�a Arias Fornelos[875] (-after 1251).� The Livro Velho names "D. Sueiro Ayres de Fornelos e D. Pedro Ayres e D. Maria Ayres" as the children of "Ayres Nunes de Fornelos" and his wife "D. Mor Peres a Prove", adding that Maria was the mistress of Sancho I King of Portugal and later married "D. Gil Vasques de Sovorosa" by whom she was mother of "D. Martim Gil o bom e D. Fern�o Gil�e�D. Tereja Gil", specifying that Teresa was mistress "d�elrey de Le�o"[876].� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Gil Vazquez, D. Martin Gil, D. Teresa Gil" as the children of "D. Gil Vazquez de Soverosa" and his first wife "D. Maria Ayras de Fornelo", in another passage naming "D. Teresa Gil de Soverosa" as the mother of four of King Alfonso�s children[877].�

King Alfonso IX & his first wife had three children:

1. Infanta do�a SANCHA de Le�n (Autumn 1191-Villabuena before 1243, bur monastery of Villabuena de Carracedo).� The testament of �Sancius...Portugali� Rex�, dated Oct 1209, bequeathed property to �...nepos meus Infans Donnus Fernandus...fili� me� Regin� Donn� Tharasi�...Regin� Donn� Sanci�...Regin� Donna Maphalda...Regin� Donn� Blanc�...Regin� Donn� Bereng...Infanti Donn� Dulci� nepti me�...Infanti D. S. nepti me�...�[878].� The De Rebus Hispani� of Rodericus Ximenes names "filium�Fernandum et filias Sanciam et Dulcem" as the children of "Aldefonso Regi Legionensi" and his wife Teresa, specifying that Fernando and Sancha were deceased at the time of writing[879].� She became a nun in 1217 at the monastery of Villabuena de Carracedo[880].� Betrothed ([1216]) to her second cousin, ENRIQUE I King of Castile, son of ALFONSO VIII King of Castile & his wife Eleanor of England (Valladolid 14 Apr 1204-Palencia 6 Jun 1217, bur Las Huelgas, Cistercian monastery of Santa Mar�a la Real).�

2. Infante don FERNANDO de Le�n ([1192/93]-Aug 1214, bur Santiago de Compostela, Cathedral of Santiago el Mayor).� The testament of �Sancius...Portugali� Rex�, dated Oct 1209, bequeathed property to �...nepos meus Infans Donnus Fernandus...fili� me� Regin� Donn� Tharasi�...Regin� Donn� Sanci�...Regin� Donna Maphalda...Regin� Donn� Blanc�...Regin� Donn� Bereng...Infanti Donn� Dulci� nepti me�...Infanti D. S. nepti me�...�[881].� The De Rebus Hispani� of Rodericus Ximenes names "filium�Fernandum et filias Sanciam et Dulcem" as the children of "Aldefonso Regi Legionensi" and his wife Teresa, specifying that Fernando and Sancha were deceased at the time of writing[882].� The Anales Toledanos record the death �Lunes en Agosto� in 1214 of �el Infant, fillo del Rey de Leon�[883].� Betrothed (1204) to Infanta do�a MAFALDA de Castilla, daughter of ALFONSO VIII �el Noble/�l de las Navas� King of Castile & his wife Eleanor of England (1191-Salamanca 1204, bur Salamanca Cathedral).� Szabolcs de Vajay says that she �died at the point of becoming the fianc�e of the Infante Fernando of Le�n� (without citing the primary source on which this information is based) and refers to her tomb in Salamanca[884].�

3. Infanta do�a DULCE de Le�n ([1193/94]-monastery of Villabuena de Carracedo 1248, before 8 Jul, bur Zamora).� The testament of �Sancius...Portugali� Rex�, dated Oct 1209, bequeathed property to �...nepos meus Infans Donnus Fernandus...fili� me� Regin� Donn� Tharasi�...Regin� Donn� Sanci�...Regin� Donna Maphalda...Regin� Donn� Blanc�...Regin� Donn� Bereng...Infanti Donn� Dulci� nepti me�...Infanti D. S. nepti me�...�[885].� The De Rebus Hispani� of Rodericus Ximenes names "filium�Fernandum et filias Sanciam et Dulcem" as the children of "Aldefonso Regi Legionensi" and his wife Teresa, specifying that Dulce was unmarried at the time of writing[886].� Se�ora de Valdeorras 1237.�

King Alfonso IX & his second wife had five children:

4. Infanta do�a LEONOR de Le�n (1198-12 Nov 1202, bur Le�n, monastery of San Isidro).� The Chronicon Mundi of Lucas Tudensis names "Alionoram primogenitam, Constanciam, et Berengariam" as the daughters of Alfonso IX King of Le�n and his second wife[887].�

5. Infanta do�a CONSTANZA de Le�n (1 May 1200-Las Huelgas 7 Sep 1242, bur Las Huelgas).� The Chronicon Mundi of Lucas Tudensis names "Alionoram primogenitam, Constanciam, et Berengariam" as the daughters of Alfonso IX King of Le�n and his second wife, adding that Constanza became a nun "in monasterio Sanct� Mari� de Burgis"[888].� Nun at Las Huelgas [1205].

6. Infante don FERNANDO de Castilla y Le�n (Monte de Valpara�so [30 Jul/5 Aug] 1201-Seville 30 May 1252, bur Seville, Cathedral Santa Mar�a).� The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Henricum qui iuvenis obiit et quinque sorores, prima Berengaria�secunda Urraca, tertia regina Francie, quarta Alienor, quinta Constantia monialis" as children of "sorore regis Anglie Richardi�Alienor�soror ex alio patre comitisse Marie Campaniensis", specifying that Berengaria was wife of "regi Legionensi id est regi Galicie" and mother of "Fernandum successorem regis parvi in Castella et Toledo"[889].� He succeeded his maternal uncle in 1217 as FERNANDO III �el Santo� King of Castile, Toledo and Extremadura.��

-�� see below.�

7. Infante don ALFONSO de Le�n (Autumn 1202-Salamanca 6 Jan 1272, bur Ciudad Real, castle of Calatrava-la-Nueva).� The Chronicon de Carde�a names �Infant D. Alfonso�de Molina�hermano del Rey D. Ferrando�[890].� Se�or de Soria 1223.� Se�or de Molina y Mesa 1240.��

-�� see Part B.� SE�ORES de MOLINA.�

8. Infanta do�a BERENGUELA de Castilla y Le�n (1204-Constantinople 12 Apr 1237, bur Constantinople).� The Chronicon Mundi of Lucas Tudensis names "Alionoram primogenitam, Constanciam, et Berengariam" as the daughters of Alfonso IX King of Le�n and his second wife[891].� The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines refers to the wife of "rex Ierusalem Iohannes" as daughter of "Berengaria" and "regi Legionensi id est regi Galicie" and in a later passage records the marriage of "rex Iohannes Ierosolimitanus" and "filia regis Gallicie, sororem Fernandi de Castella", but in neither place is she named[892].� The Chronique de Guillaume de Nangis records the marriage in 1223 of "le roi de Castille�sa s�ur B�reng�re, ni�ce de Blanche reine de France" and "Jean roi de J�rusalem"[893].� The necrology of Maubuisson records the death "II Id Apr" of "Berengaria imperatrix Constantinopolitane"[894].� "Jehan fiuz le roy Jehan de Jherusalem, bouteillier de France" instituted masses for "nostre pere le roy Jehan de Jherusalem et empereur de Costantinoble�et madame Berangiere sa fame jadis nostre mere" in the church of St Paul, Paris by charter dated Oct 1294[895].� m (Toledo 1224) as his third wife, JEAN de Brienne King of Jerusalem, son of ERARD II Comte de Brienne & Agn�s de Nevers ([1170]-Constantinople 23 Mar 1237, bur Constantinople).� Elected Emperor of Constantinople 1231.�

King Alfonso IX had one illegitimate child by Mistress (1):�

9. PEDRO Alfonso ([1196]-1226).� Rades names �don Pedro Alonso...hijo bastardo del Rey don Alonso de Leon� as Maestre de Santiago, appointed in 1225 and who died a year later a few days after a victory �en tierra de Moros, por las partes de Badajoz� over �[el] Rey Abenhuc�[896].� The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. �Szabolcs de Vajay suggests that he was �probably at least thirty years of age� when he was appointed[897].� [m ---.� Rades says that �no se sabe si fue casado�, referring to �don Pedro Alonso...hijo bastardo del Rey don Alonso de Leon�, Maestre de Santiago[898].]� Pedro & [his wife] had one child:�

a) ALFONSO P�rez ([1215]-).� Rades names �don Alonso Perez� as the son of �don Pedro Alonso...hijo bastardo del Rey don Alonso de Leon�, Maestre de Santiago, adding that the Order of Santiago granted him �por sus dias el castillo y villa de Monrreal�[899].� The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. �m (Toledo) IN�S Guti�rrez de Paramo, daughter of GUTIERRE Fern�ndez de Paramo & his wife ---.� Rades says that �don Alonso Perez� married �do�a Ynes de Paramo, hija de Gutierre Fernandez�[900].� The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. �

�� Pedro had [one illegitimate child by an unknown mistress]:�

b) [FERNANDO P�rez ([1225]-20 May 1242, bur Toledo, convent of Santa F� of the Order of Santiago).� He was the "doubtful son" of Pedro Alfonso according to Szabolcs de Vajay, who quotes his epitaph �Fernandus Petri...puer generalis regalis stirpe creatus� and highlights that the epitaph could also indicate that he was a member of the Castro family, descended from the royal house of Navarre, an early version of whose arms appears on the tomb[901].]

King Alfonso IX had one illegitimate child by Mistress (2):��

10. URRACA Alfonso de Le�n ([1197]-[1242/1258]).� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Urraca Alonso" as the child of King Alfonso IX and "D. Ines ��iguez de Mendo�a", adding in a later passage that "D. Lope Diaz de Haro Cabezabrava" married "D. Urraca Alonso, hija del Rey D. Alonso de Leon no legitima, i de D. Ines de Mendo�a"[902].� m ([1215, before 25 Dec 1218]) LOPE D�az de Haro �Cabeza brava� Se�or de Vizcaya, Se�or de Haro, son of DIEGO L�pez Conde de Haro Se�or de Vizcaya & his first wife Mar�a Manrique de Lara (1192-18 Oct 1236, bur N�jera, monastery Santa Mar�a).�

King Alfonso IX had three illegitimate children by Mistress (3):

11. RODRIGO Alfonso ([1210]-after 1252).� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Rodrigo Alonso, D. Aldon�a Alonso, D. Teresa Alonso" as the children of King Alfonso IX and "D. Aldon�a Martinez de Silva"[903].� Se�or de Aliger and Castro del R�o.� Adelantado Mayor on the border with Andaluc�a.� Governor of Zamora 1249.� After the conquest of Seville, he received Castilleja de Talavaca in Andaluc�a in 1249[904].� m IN�S Rodr�guez de Cabrera, daughter of RODRIGO Fern�ndez de Cabrera �el F�o de Valdorna� Se�or de Cabrera y Ribera & his wife Sancha Ram�rez Froilaz.� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Ines Roiz" as the child "D. Ruy Fernandez el Feo de Valdorna" and his second wife "D. Maria Frojaz", recording in an earlier passage that "D. Rodrigo Alonso", son of King Alfonso IX, married "D. Ines Rodriguez"[905].� Rodrigo & his wife had two children:�

a) ALDONZA Rodr�guez ([1250]-).� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Juan Roiz, D. Aldon�a Roiz" as the children of "D. Rodrigo Alonso", son of King Alfonso IX, and his wife and in a later passage records that "D. Estevan Fernandez" married "D. Aldon�a Roiz"[906].� Heiress of Aliger.� m ([1265]) ESTEBAN Fern�ndez de Castro, son of FERNANDO Guti�rrez de Castro & his wife Emilia I��guez de Mendoza (-after 1288).� Se�or de Lemos and Sarr�a.�

b) JUAN Rodr�guez (-young).� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Juan Roiz, D. Aldon�a Roiz" as the children of "D. Rodrigo Alonso", son of King Alfonso IX, and his wife "D. Ines Rodriguez", adding that Juan died childless[907].�

12. ALDONZA Alfonso de Le�n ([1212]-1266, bur Cistercian monastery of Nuestra Se�ora de Nogales).� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Rodrigo Alonso, D. Aldon�a Alonso, D. Teresa Alonso" as the children of King Alfonso IX and "D. Aldon�a Martinez de Silva", and in a later passage records that "Conde D. Pedro Ponce" married "D. Aldon�a Alonso"[908].� m firstly DIEGO Ram�rez Froilaz Se�or de Mansilla y Rueda.� He was the nephew of his wife's stepfather.� m secondly (1230) PEDRO Ponce Se�or del Valle de Aria, son of PONCE Velas & his wife Teresa Rdoruez de Cisneros (-1264, bur Nogales, Chapel San Benito).�

13. TERESA Alfonso de Le�n .� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Rodrigo Alonso, D. Aldon�a Alonso, D. Teresa Alonso" as the children of King Alfonso IX and "D. Aldon�a Martinez de Silva"[909].�

King Alfonso IX had one illegitimate child by Mistress (4):�

14. FERNANDO Alfonso ([1211]-young).� Estefan�a P�rez was given the realengo of Villamayor in 1215, but in 1249 granted it to the monastery of Mel�n with the consent of her husband Rodrigo Suarez, for the souls of �Alfonso IX y de su hijo Fernando�[910].�

King Alfonso IX had one illegitimate child by Mistress (5):�

15. FERNANDO Alfonso ([1215/18]-Salamanca 10 Jan 1278, bur Salamanca Cathedral).� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "Fernando Alonso" as the child of King Alfonso IX and "D. Ines ��iguez de Mendo�a", adding in a later passage that he was "Dean de Santiago"[911].� Dean of Santiago, Archdean of Salamanca.� Known as �El Dean�.� Canon of Le�n and Santiago de Compostela.� The necrology of Le�n Cathedral records the death �IV Id Jan...Era 1324� of �D�us Fernandus Alfonsi filius...regis Legionis, decanus Compostellanus, canonicus hujus ecclesi��[912].� Mistress (1): ALDARA L�pez de Ulloa, widow of G�MEZ Garc�a, daughter of LOPE Rodr�guez de Ulloa & his wife Teresa Fern�ndez de Lima.� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Aldara Lopez" as the mother of "D. Juan Fernandez Cabellos de Oro", son of "Fernando Alonso�Dean de Santiago"[913].� Fernando had one child by Mistress (1):�

a) JUAN Fern�ndez "Cabellos de Oro" (-Salamanca 1303, bur Salamanca Cathedral).� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Juan Fernandez Cabellos de Oro" as the son of "Fernando Alonso�Dean de Santiago" by "D. Aldara Lopez"[914].� Adelantado Mayor de la Frontera [with Andaluc�a].� Merino Mayor of Galicia.� Mayordomo Mayor of King Sancho IV 10 Dec 1288-21 Nov 1292.� m firstly MAR�A Andr�s de Castro, daughter of ANDR�S Fern�ndez de Castro & his wife Menc�a Rodr�guez Gir�n (-1282).� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Maria Andres, D. Milia Andres" as the children of "D. Andres Fernandez", and in an earlier passage records that "D. Juan Fernandez Cabellos de Oro", son of "Fernando Alonso�Dean de Santiago" by "D. Aldara Lopez", married "D. Maria Andres"[915].� m secondly (after 1282) JUANA N��ez de Lara Se�ora de Valdenebro, daughter of NU�O Fern�ndez de Lara Se�or de Valdenebro & his wife In�s ��iguez de Mendoza (bur Salamanca Cathedral).� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Juana" as the child of "D. Nu�o Fernandez�de Valdenebro" and his wife "D. la Condesa D. Ines Eniguez", recording in an earlier passage that "D. Juan Fernandez Cabellos de Oro", son of "Fernando Alonso�Dean de Santiago" by "D. Aldara Lopez", married secondly "D. Juana"[916].� Juan & his first wife had two children:

i) JUAN Fern�ndez (-after 10 May 1305).� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "Juan Fernandez, Fernan Fernandez, que no tuvo hijos" as the children of "D. Juan Fernandez Cabellos de Oro" and his wife "D. Maria Andres"[917].�

ii) FERNANDO Fern�ndez (-after 10 May 1305).� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "Juan Fernandez, Fernan Fernandez, que no tuvo hijos" as the children of "D. Juan Fernandez Cabellos de Oro" and his wife "D. Maria Andres"[918].�

King Alfonso IX had four illegitimate children by Mistress (6):�

16. SANCHA Alfonso de Le�n (1220-Cozuelos de Ojeda 25 Jul 1270, bur Cozuelos de Ojeda, monastery of Santa Eufemia of the Santiago Order, removed 1608 to Toledo, Convent of Santa F� of the Santiago Order).� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "Martin Alonso, D. Maria Alonso, Sancha Alonso, Urraca Alonso" as the children of King Alfonso IX and "D. Teresa Gil de Soverosa", adding that Sancha married[919].� "D. Simon Roiz fijo de don Roy Diaz de los Cameros" sold property "en Tolmantos�y�en Vilforados" to "do�a Sancha Alfonso fija del Rey de Leon" by charter dated 23 Oct 1231[920].� There was an unsuccessful attempt to beatify her when her remains were removed to Toledo[921].� The Livro Velho names "D. Martim Affonso e D. Maria Affonso e D. Sancha Affonso e D. Orraca Affonso" as the children "d�elrey de Le�o" and his mistress Teresa, daughter of "D. Gil Vasques de Sovorosa", adding that Sancha married "D. Sim�o Rodrigeus dos Cameiros" but was childless[922].� m (after 23 Oct 1231) as his first wife, SIM�N Rodr�guez de los Cameros Se�or de los Cameros, son of RODRIGO D�az de los Cameros & his wife Aldonza D�az� (-murdered Trevino 1277).�

17. MAR�A Alfonso de Le�n ([1222]-after 1252).� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "Martin Alonso, D. Maria Alonso, Sancha Alonso, Urraca Alonso" as the children of King Alfonso IX and "D. Teresa Gil de Soverosa", adding that Mar�a married and was afterwards "amiga de su sobrino el Rey D. Alonso"[923].� The Livro Velho names "D. Martim Affonso e D. Maria Affonso e D. Sancha Affonso e D. Orraca Affonso" as the children "d�elrey de Le�o" and his mistress Teresa, daughter of "D. Gil Vasques de Sovorosa", adding that Mar�a married "D. Alvar Fernandes filho do conde D. Fernando de Lara o que jaz em Fiteiros" but was childless, later became mistress of "elrey D. Affonso de Castella seu sobrinho", and afterwards married "D. Suer Ayres de Valladares" by whom she was mother of "D. Pedro Soares de Sarra�a e D. Affonso Soares" (listing their descendants)[924].� m firstly ([1236]) �LVAR Fern�ndez de Lara Se�or de Lara, son of FERNANDO N��ez de Lara Se�or de Castrogeriz & his wife Mayor --- (-after 24 Jul 1240).� Mistress ([1240]) of, her nephew, Infante don ALFONSO de Castilla, son of FERNANDO III "el Santo" King of Castile and Le�n & his first wife Elisabeth von Hohenstaufen (Toledo 23 Nov 1221-Seville 4 Apr 1284, bur Seville, Cathedral Santa Mar�a) .� He succeeded his father in 1252 as ALFONSO X "el Sabio" King of Castile and Le�n.� m secondly ([after 1240]) as his second wife, SUERO Arias de Valladares �Sarra�a�.�

18. MART�N Alfonso de Le�n ([1225]-1274, bur Salamanca, convent Santa Espiritu of the Santiago Order).� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "Martin Alonso, D. Maria Alonso, Sancha Alonso, Urraca Alonso" as the children of King Alfonso IX and "D. Teresa Gil de Soverosa"[925].� Knight of the Order of Santiago.� m MARIA Mendes de Sousa, daughter of MENDO Gonz�lez de Sousa & his wife Teresa Alfonso T�llez de Meneses Se�ora de Villa-Garc�a (-after 1276, bur Salamanca, convent Santa Espiritu of the Santiago Order).�� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Maria Mendez" as the daughter of "D. Mendo Gon�alez de Sousa" and his wife, recording in an earlier passage that "Martin Alonso", son of King Alfonso IX, married "D. Maria Mendez", adding that they were childless[926].� The Master of the Order of Santiago granted "la bail�a de Salamanca" to "do�a Mar�a M�ndez, viuda de Mart�n Alfonso, hijo bastardo del rey Alfonso IX de L�on" for a donation to the monastery of Espiritu Santo de Salamanca, which she had founded, by charter dated 12 Mar 1274[927].�

19. URRACA Alfonso de Le�n (1228-after 1252).� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "Martin Alonso, D. Maria Alonso, Sancha Alonso, Urraca Alonso" as the children of King Alfonso IX and "D. Teresa Gil de Soverosa", adding that Urraca married "D. Garcia Romero en Aragon", and in a later passage that "D. Pedro Nu�ez de Guzman" married firstly "D. Urraca Alonso sin hijos"[928].� m firstly as his second wife, GARC�A Romeu II Se�or de Tormos, Pradilla and El Frago.� m secondly as his second wife, PEDRO N��ez de Guzm�n Se�or de Guzm�n, son of GUILL�N P�rez de Guzman & his wife Elvira Rodr�guez (-after 1264).� Se�or de Ga�ullorva near Aznalfarache 1252, which became the nucleus of the estates of Guzm�n in Andaluc�a.� Governor of Pernia 1264.� No issue.�

B.�� SE�ORES de MOLINA

Infante don ALFONSO de Le�n, son of ALFONSO IX King of Le�n & his second wife Infanta do�a Berenguela de Castilla (Autumn 1202-Salamanca 6 Jan 1272, bur Ciudad Real, castle of Calatrava-la-Nueva).� The Chronicon de Carde�a names �Infant D. Alfonso�de Molina�hermano del Rey D. Ferrando�[929].� The cartulary of Tulle St Martin records the donation of "Ferrandus�rex Castell� et Toleti cum fratre meo Infante domno Alfonso" with the consent of "domin� Berengari� genitricis me�" dated 1217, which also names "avus meus dominus Allefonsus", subscribed by "Rodericus Didaci, comes Ferrandus, Alvarus Didaci, Alfonsus Talli, Rodericus Ruderici, Iohannes Gon�alvi, Suepius Telli, Gon�alvus Petri de Arnellis, maior merinos in Castella, Gon�alvus Roderici maior domus curi� regis, Lupus Didaci de Faro Alferiz domini regis"[930].� Se�or de Soria 1223.� Se�or de Molina y Mesa in 1240, by right of his first wife.� Se�or de Cigales 1255.� Knight of the Order of Calatrava 15 Mar 1254.� He took part in the conquests of C�rdoba (1236), Murcia (1242), and Seville (1248).�

m firstly (1240) MAFALDA Gonz�lez de Lara Se�ora de Molina y Mesa, daughter of GONZALO P�rez de Lara Se�or de Molina y Mesa & his wife Sancha G�mez de Trast�mara (-[before Sep 1244]).� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Mafalda P�rez se�ora de Molina" as the daughter of "D. Gon�alo Perez de Molina" and his wife "D. N.", an earlier passage recording that "El Infante D. Alonso" married "tercera vez con D. Mafalda Perez�i por ella fue se�or de Molina"[931].� Her correct parentage is confirmed by the charter dated to [1240] under which "Mafalda Gonz�lez y su marido el infante Alfonso" sold the monastery of Buenafuente to "Sancha G�mez, madre�y viuda de Gonzalo P�rez de Molina"[932].�

m secondly (after Sep 1244) TERESA Gonz�lez de Lara, daughter of conde GONZALO N��ez de Lara Se�or de Belorado & his wife Mar�a D�az de Haro ([1220]-1246).� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Diego Gon�alez, D. Nu�o Gon�alez, D. Teresa Gon�alez" as the children of "El Conde D. Gon�alo" and his wife "D. Maria"[933].�

m thirdly (after 22 Jul 1260) as her second husband, MAYOR Alfonso de Meneses Se�ora de Meneses y Villanueva, widow of GONZALO Gil de Villalobos, daughter of ALONSO T�llez de Meneses Se�or de Meneses, San Roman and Villanueva & his wife Mar�a Y��ez de Lima (-after 1264).� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Alonso Tellez, Rodrigo Alonso, D. Mayor Alonso, D. Teresa Alonso" as the children of "D. Alonso Tellez de Meneses de Cordova" and his wife "D. Mariannez", and earlier passage recording that "El Infante D. Alonso" married "D. Mayor Alonso"[934].� The Livro Velho records that "D. Mor Affonso" married "D. Gon�alo Gil de Vilalobos" and, after he died, "o infante D. Affonso de Molina"[935].�

Mistress (1): ---.� The name of the first mistress of Infante don Alfonso is not known.�

Mistress (2): ---.� The name of the second mistress of Infante don Alfonso is not known.�

Mistress (3): TERESA Pires de Bragan�a, daughter of PEDRO Fern�ndez de Bragan�a & his wife Flor S�nchez de Barbosa.� The Livro Velho records that "D. Tereja Pires" was mistress firstly of "Louren�o Martins de Berredo", by whom she had "Alda Louren�o�casada com Martim de Barbosa irm�o de Fern�o Pires", and secondly of "o infante de Molina"[936].� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "Garcia Perez de Bragan�a, D. Nuno Perez de Bragan�a, D. Teresa Perez" as the children of "Don Pedro Fernandez Bragan�on", a later passage naming "D. Teresa Perez" as the mother of "D. Berenguela�D. Leonor", the daughters of "El Infante don Alonso"[937].�

Mistress (4): ---.� The name of the fourth mistress of Infante don Alfonso is not known.�

Infante Alfonso & his first wife had two children:

1. FERNANDO Alfonso de Molina (1242-before 1250).

2. BLANCA Alfonso de Molina ([1243]-Molina 1292, before 5 Dec).� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos records that "D Alonso Fernandez Ni�o" married "D. Blanca se�ora de Molina", a later passage in the same source recording that "Blanca se�ora de Molina" was the daughter of "El Infante don Alonso" and his wife "D. Mafalda Perez"[938].� The testament of "do�a Maria�reyna de Castilla, de Leon, y se�ora de Molina", dated 29 Jun 1321, makes donations for the souls of "�do�a Blanca mi hermana se�ora que fue de Molina..."[939].� m (before 1269) ALFONSO Fern�ndez �el Ni�o�, illegitimate son of ALFONSO X King of Castile & his mistress Elvira Rodr�guez de Villada ([1243]-1281).�

Infante Alfonso & his second wife had one child:

3. JUANA Alfonso de Molina ([1245/46]-after 1280).� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Juana muger del Conde" as the child of "El Infante D. Alonso" (but does not name her mother), and adds in a later passage that "Conde D. Lope", son of "D. Diego Lopez se�or de Biscaya", married "D. Juana"[940].� m (1269) conde LOPE D�az de Haro Se�or de Vizcaya, son of DIEGO L�pez de Haro Se�or de Vizcaya & his wife Constance de B�arn ([1245]-murdered Alfaro Jul 1288).� Regent of Castile.�

Infante Alfonso & his third wife had two children:

4. ALFONSO T�llez de Molina [de Meneses] ([1262]-1314).� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Alonso, D. Maria" as children of "El Infante D. Alonso" and his wife "D. Mayor Alonso"[941].� He succeeded his maternal uncle as Se�or de Meneses, Tiedra, Montealegre, Grajal, Alba de Liste, San Rom�n, San Felices y � Alburquerque.� The testament of "Don Martin Alfonso fijo de Don Alfonso Tellez e de Donna Teresa Sanchez", dated 15 Jun 1285, bequeathed property to "�mi sobrino Don Alfonso hijo del infante de Molina�el derecho en el castillo de Alburquerque�"[942].� Alf�rez mayor of Sancho IV King of Castile 10 Dec 1288 to 25 Apr 1295.� m TERESA P�rez de Asturias, daughter of PEDRO �lvarez de Asturias Se�or de Noro�a & his wife Sancha Rodr�guez de Lara.� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Rodrigo Alvarez, D. Teresa Alvarez" as the children of "D. Pedro Alvarez de Asturias" and his wife "D. Sancha Roiz", recording in an earlier passage that "D. Alonso llam�se Infante de Molina", son of "El Infante D. Alonso" and his wife "D. Mayor Alonso", married "D. Teresa Alvarez"[943].� The Livro Velho records that "D. Affonso filho do infante de Molina e de D. Maria Affonso" married "filha de D. Pedro Aluares das Asturias e de D. Sancha Rodrigues"[944].� Alfonso & his wife had one child:�

a) TELLO Alfonso de Meneses (-Tardejas 1315).� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Tello" as the child of "D. Alonso llam�se Infante de Molina" and his wife "D. Teresa Alvarez"[945].� He succeeded his father in 1314 as 8^th Se�or de Meneses, Tiedra, Montealegre, Grajal, Alba de Liste, San Rom�n and Villa-Garc�a.� m ([1308/12]) as her first husband, MARIA Afonso de Portugal, daughter of Infante dom AFONSO de Portugal Se�or de Portoalegre & his wife Violante Manuel ([1290]-).� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Maria, D. Isabel, D. Constan�a" as the children of "El Infante D. Alonso" and his wife "D. Violante", an earlier passage in the same source recording that "D. Tello", son of "D. Alonso llam�se Infante de Molina" and his wife "D. Teresa Alvarez", married "D. Maria", and in a later passage that "D. Fernando", son of "D. Diego", married "D. Maria"[946].� She married secondly (1315) Fernando D�az de Haro Se�or de Ordu�a y Valmaseda.� Tello & his wife had two children:�

i) ALFONSO T�llez de Meneses ([1310/15]-after 1318).� He succeeded his father as Se�or de Meneses Tiedra, Montealegre, Grajal y Alba de Liste.��

ii) ISABEL T�llez de Meneses ([1310/15]-after 1354).� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Isabel" as daughter of "D. Tello", son of "D. Alonso llam�se Infante de Molina", and his wife "D. Maria", a later passage in the same source recording that records that "D. Juan Alonso de Alburquerque" married� "D. Isabel"[947].� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Pedro I records that �Don Juan Alfonso de Alburquerque� married �Do�a Isabel...fija de Don Tello de Meneses�[948].� Her birth date range is estimated from the birth date of her mother and the likely marriage date of her parents.� It is likely that Isabel was born in the earlier part of the range as she gave birth to her son in [1330].� She succeeded her brother as 10^th Se�ora de Meneses, Tiedra, Montealegre, Grajal y Alba de Liste.� m (before 1330) JO�O Afonso "o Bono" de Portugal Conde de Alburquerque, son of AFONSO S�nchez de Portugal Conde de Alburquerque & his wife Teresa Martins ([1305]-murdered 1354, bur Monasterio de la Espina).� No surviving issue.�

5. MAR�A Alfonso de Molina �la Grande� ([1264]-Valladolid 1 Jul 1321, bur Valladolid, Cistercian monastery of Santa Mar�a la Real called Las Huelgas de Valladolid).� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Alonso, D. Maria" as children of "El Infante D. Alonso" and his wife "D. Mayor Alonso"[949].� The Chronicon de Carde�a records that �El Rey D. Sancho� married �la Reyna Do�a Maria�fija del Infant D. Alfonso�de Molina�hermano del Rey D. Ferrando�[950].� The Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis records the marriage in Jul 1282 of �Rex Dns Sancius, adhuc Infans� and �Regina Dna Maria Toleti�[951].� She received Valladolid, Toro, Ecija, Zafra and Astudillo as her dowry in 1284[952].� Regent of Castile for her son King Fernando IV 1295-1314, and for her grandson King Alfonso XI 1314-1321.� The testament of "do�a Maria�reyna de Castilla, de Leon, y se�ora de Molina", dated 29 Jun 1321, names "el Rey D. Fernando mio fijo", makes donations for the souls of "el Rey don Sancho�do�a Blanca mi hermana se�ora que fue de Molina...el Ynfante D. Enrique mio fijo", provides for "el Rey don Alfonso mio nieto�la Infanta do�a Isabel mi fija�Infante don Felipe mio fijo�do�a Maria mia sobrina muger que fue del Infante d. Juan"[953].� The Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis records the death in Jul 1321 of �Regina Dna Maria in Valleoleti�, adding in a later passage that she was buried in �monasterium de Olgis�[954].� The Cr�nica del Rey Alfonso XI records the death 1 Jun of �la Reyna Do�a Maria� in �el monasterio de Sanct Francisco de Valledolit� and her burial �en su monasterio en Sancta Maria la Real...agora se llama las Huelgas de Valledolit�[955].� m (Toledo Jul 1282) Infante don SANCHO de Castilla y Le�n, son of ALFONSO X "el Sabio" King of Castile & Infanta do�a Violante de Arag�n (Valladolid 12 May 1258-Toledo 25 Apr 1295, bur Toledo, Cathedral Santa Mar�a).� He succeeded his father 1284 as SANCHO IV �el Bravo� King of Castile and Le�n.�

Infante Alfonso had [two] illegitimate children by Mistress (1):

6. JUAN Alfonso ([1225]-Palencia 1290).� Szabolcs de Vajay says that he was legitimated 14 Oct 1243 by Pope Innocent IV, was Dean at Burgos, and received a dispensation 24 Jan 1259 from Pope Alexander IV to become a bishop[956].� Bishop of Palencia 1279-1290.�

7. [TERESA Alfonso (bur Palencia, Monasterio de San Pablo).� Salazar y Castro states that she was the daughter of Pedro Alfonso, master of Santiago who died in 1226[957].� Szabolcs de Vajay suggests that this is incorrect, as it does not explain her patronymic.� He suggests her parentage as shown here on the basis of a letter from the future King Alfonso X to Nu�o Gonz�lez which records that he had asked his father King Fernando III to grant land to Nu�o on his marriage to "do�a Teresa Alfonso su cormana, nieta del rey de Le�n"[958].� The Order of Santiago granted property in San Miguel de Bobadilla in usufruct to "Nu�o Gonz�lez de Lara el Bueno y a do�a Teresa Alf�n su mujer" in return for donating the mill of Guaidaira in Seville, by charter dated 15 Sep 1259[959].� m NU�O Gonz�lez de Lara �el Bueno� Se�or de Lara, son of conde GONZALO N��ez de Lara & his second wife Mar�a D�az de Haro (-killed in battle �jica May 1275, bur Palencia, monastery of San Pablo).� Governor of Castilla-la-Vieja.]�

Infante Alfonso had one illegitimate child by Mistress (2):

8. URRACA Alfonso ([1225/30]-).� Szabolcs de Vajay names her and her husband but cites no primary source on which the information is based[960].� m GARC�A G�mez Carrillo "�l de los Garfios�, son of ---.� The Cr�nica del Rey Don Alfonso X records "el alc�zar de Xerez�Garci Gomez Carrillo", who was captured at the siege of J�rez de la Frontera during the Mudejar revolt [dated to 31 May 1264], as the last man alive, by means of grappling hooks on long poles (hence� his nickname)[961].� Alcalde of J�rez de la Frontera.�

Infante Alfonso had two illegitimate children by Mistress (3):�

9. BERENGUELA Alfonso ([1230/35]-Narbonne 17 Jul 1272, bur Narbonne, convent of Saint-Fran�ois[962]).� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Teresa Perez" as the mother of "D. Berenguela, amiga del Rey D. Jaime de Aragon�algunos dizen fue su muger", the daughter of "El Infante don Alonso"[963].� Se�ora de Melgoso and Caldelas.� m ([1251]) GONZALO Ram�rez, son of RAMIRO Froilaz & his wife Aldonza Gonz�lez (-[1255/59]).� No issue.� Mistress ([1260-1270] of JAIME I �el Conquistador� King of Aragon, son of PEDRO II King of Aragon & his wife Marie de Montpellier (Montpellier 1 Feb 1208-Valencia 27 Jul 1276, bur Poblet, monastery of Nuestra Se�ora).�

10. LEONOR Alfonso ([1230/35]-).� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Teresa Perez" as the mother of "D. Berenguela�D. Leonor", the daughters of "El Infante don Alonso"[964].� The Livro Velho records that "D. Leonor", daughter of "D. Tereja Pires" and "o infante de Molina", married "D. Affonso Garcia de Celada"[965].� m ALFONSO Garc�a de Villamayor Se�or de Villamayor, Celada and Sisam�n, son of GARC�A Fern�ndez de Villamayor & his second wife Mayor Arias (-after 14 Jan 1272).�

Infante Alfonso had one illegitimate child by Mistress (4):�

11. JUANA Alfonso ([1266]-).� Szabolcs de Vajay says that she received a dowry in 1283 from King Alfonso X but that �nothing more is known of her�[966].�

Chapter 4.�� KINGS of CASTILE & LE�N 1217-1369

A.�� KINGS of CASTILE & LE�N 1217-1369

Infante don FERNANDO de Le�n, son of ALFONSO IX King of Le�n & his second wife Infanta do�a Berenguela de Castilla (Monte de Valpara�so [30 Jul/5 Aug] 1201-Seville 30 May 1252, bur Seville, Cathedral Santa Mar�a).� He was born when the Queen was travelling from Salamanca to Zamora, in the forest near the monastery of Bellofonte.� He succeeded his maternal uncle in 1217 as FERNANDO III �el Santo� King of Castile, Toledo and Extremadura.� He succeeded his father in 1230 as FERNANDO III King of Le�n and Galicia.� He led successful campaigns against the Moors, conquering C�rdoba (1236), Murcia (1242), Ja�n (1246), and Seville (1248 after a siege of 16 months).� The Kings of Granada and Murcia declared themselves his vassals.� He was making preparations for a crusade into North Africa, for which he was negotiating for support from Henry III King of England, when he died[967].� King Fernando III was the first of his family to quarter the arms of Castile with Le�n[968].� He was canonised by Pope Clement X in 1671, feast day 30 May[969].� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos records that "D. Fernando Alonso" died "Era 1290" (1252) and was buried "en Sevilla"[970].�

m firstly (Burgos 30 Nov 1219) ELISABETH von Staufen, daughter of PHILIPP Duke of Swabia King of Germany & his wife Maria [Eirene] of Byzantium (N�rnberg Mar/May 1205-Toro 5 Nov 1235, bur Cistercian monastery Santa Mar�a la Real, transferred 1279 to the Cathedral Santa Mar�a, Seville).� The Annales Marbacenses record that one of the four daughters of King Philipp (second in the list) married "regi Hyspanie"[971].� The primary source which confirms her name has not yet been identified.�� The Chronicon de Carde�a records that �Rey D. Ferrando� married �Do�a Beatriz, la sobrina del Emperador de Alema�a�[972].� She was known as BEATRIZ in Castille.� The Cr�nica Latina records that �el emperador Isaac� was grandfather of �la reina nuestra se�ora Beatriz, padre�de su madre�[973].� "Ferrandus�Rex Castelle et Toleti�cum uxore mea Regina Beatrice et filiis meis Alfonso, Frederico, Fernando" donated property at Villaba�ez to the church of Valladolid by charter dated 27 Apr 1226[974].� The Chronicon Mundi of Lucas Tudensis records the death in 1235 of "Regina domina Beatrix" and her burial "Burgis in regali c�meterio�"[975].�

m secondly (Burgos 1237, [before Aug]) as her first husband, JEANNE de Dammartin Ctss de Ponthieu, daughter of SIMON de Dammartin Comte d�Aum�le & his wife Marie Ctss de Ponthieu ([1220]-Abbeville 16 Mar 1279, bur monastery of Valoires).� The De Rebus Hispani� of Rodericus Ximenes names "Mariam�mater Joann� Regin� Castell� et Legionis" as the daughter of "Comitis de Pontivo" and his wife "Adelodis" daughter of "Ludovico Regi Francorum" (and his wife "Elisabeth", an error for Constanza)[976].� The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines refers to, but does not name, the four daughters of "comes de Pontivo Symon" (in order) as the wives of "rex Castelle de Hispanie Fernandus�maiorem filius vicecomitis de Castro Araudi�comitis de Augo�comes de Roceio"[977].� "Symon comes Pontivi et Monstreoli et�Maria comitissa dicte terre" granted "quatuor millaria alectium�annuatim" [four thousand herrings a year] to the nuns of Espaigne, at the request of "primogenite nostre J. �regine Yspanie et Castelle", by charter dated Aug 1237[978].� It is� not known whether the document accords the queen�s title to Jeanne because she was already married or just betrothed at that date.� The contract of marriage between "Ferrandi�regis Castelle et Toleti, Legionis et Galicie" and "donna Johanna�socero nostro�comite Pontivi" is noted in a charter dated Jan 1238 (New Style) issued by Louis IX King of France, which also refers to the king of Castile's letter dated 31 Oct 1237[979].� She succeeded her father as Ctss d�Aum�le in 1239.� She succeeded her mother 1251 as Ctss de Ponthieu.� She returned to France as a widow in 1253[980].� She married secondly ([May 1260/9 Feb 1261]) as his second wife, Jean de Nesle Seigneur de Falvy et de La H�relle (-2 Feb 1292).� "Jehans de Neele cuens de Pontieu de Monsteruel et d�Aubemarle" appointed "la noble dame Jehane�roine de Castele et de Lyon contesse de Pontieu nostre�fame" as his proxy to pursue a claim against the monks of Saint-Sauve by charter dated 17 Oct 1270[981].� The Continuator of Florence of Worcester records the death in 1279 of "regina Hispanie, domina Pontivi, mater Alienor� regin� Angli�"[982].�

King Fernando III & his first wife had ten children:

1. Infante don ALFONSO de Castilla y Le�n (Toledo 23 Nov 1221-Seville 4 Apr 1284, bur Seville, Cathedral Santa Mar�a).� The Anales Toledanos record the birth 23 Nov 1221 of �el Infant D. Alfonso, fillo del Rey D. Fernando de Castiella�e�de la Reyna do�a Beatriz, filla del Emperador de Alema�a�[983].� Alf�rez of his father Fernando III "el Santo" King of Castile 21 Aug 1242 to 22 Aug 1242.� He succeeded his father in 1252 as ALFONSO X �el Sabio� King of Castile, Le�n, Galicia, Toledo, Badajoz, Cordoba, Murcia, Ja�n and Sevilla

-�� see below.

2. Infante don FADRIQUE de Castilla y Le�n (Guadalajara 1223 shortly before 15 Sep-assassinated 1277, bur Burgos, Convent of the Santas Trinidad).� The Chronicon Mundi of Lucas Tudensis names "Adefonsum, Fredericum, Fernandum, Philippum, Henricum, Sancium, Emanuelem" as the sons of Fernando III King of Castile and his first wife[984].� "Ferrandus�Rex Castelle et Toleti�cum uxore mea Regina Beatrice et filiis meis Alfonso, Frederico, Fernando" donated property at Villaba�ez to the church of Valladolid by charter dated 27 Apr 1226[985].� "Ferrandus�Rex Castelle et Toleti�cum uxore mea Regina Beatrice et filiis meis Alfonso, Frederico, Ferrando, Henrico" donated the churches of Montealegre to the church of Valladolid by charter dated 25 May 1230[986].� He was brought up at the court of Emperor Friedrich II.� He unsuccessfully claimed the duchy of Swabia in 1240, by right of his mother[987].� Se�or de Sanl�car de Alba�da, Gelves, Gizirat, Abualhinar, Alpechin, Cambull�n, Brenes, Riazuela and La Algeba in Andaluc�a 1248.� He lived in Italy and Africa, but returned to the court of Castile by 26 Feb 1272.� He was deprived of his lordships for absenteeism by the king in 1269, but restored in 1272[988].� He helped Queen Violante in her dispute with her husband.� The Anales Toledanos record that �Rex Alfonsus mediante justitia� killed �D�m Fredicum, et Dominum Simonem Roderici de los Cameros�[989].� m [firstly] (1240) BEATRICE Malaspina, daughter of CORRADO Malaspina, of the Spino dello Secco branch of the Malaspina family, & his wife [Adelasia] illegitimate daughter of Emperor Friedrich II.� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos records that "D. Fadrique" married "la Infanta D. Malespina"[990].� [m secondly --- Komnene Dukaina, daughter of NIKEPHOROS Dukas I Angelos Lord of Epirus & his first wife Anna Palaiologina Kantakuzene (1258-[before 1294]).� This unnamed daughter of Nikephoros Lord of Epirus is shown in Europ�ische Stammtafeln[991], according to which she was later baptised as Catarina and married (presumably as his second wife) Infante don Fadrique de Castilla.� Szabolcs de Vajay states that Infante Fadrique's alleged marriage to the daughter of Nikephoros Lord of Epirus "seems apocryphal, perhaps based on a typical speculation by Pellicer", possibly resulting from confusion with her half-sister Katarina n�e Thamar, wife of Philippe Principe di Tarento [Anjou-Sicily][992].]� Infante Fadrique & his [first] wife had one child:�

a) BEATRIZ Fadrique ([1242]-1277, bur Sahag�n, Cistercian monastery of San Facundo y San Primitivo).� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Beatriz Fadrique" as the child of "D. Fadrique" and his wife "la Infanta D. Malespina"[993].� The Livro Velho records that "Affonso Telles filho de Affonso Telles de Coroua" married "D. Brites Fradique filha do infante D. Fadrique e da condesa D. Malespina"[994].� Zurita names �hija del Infante [D. Fadrique]� as the wife of �D. Simon Ruiz de los Cameros�[995].� m firstly ALFONSO T�llez de Meneses Se�or de Meneses Se�or de Montealegre, son of ALFONSO T�llez de Meneses & his wife MAR�A Y��ez de Lima (-before [1270/76]).� m secondly (after 1270) as his second wife, SIM�N Rodr�guez de los Cameros, son of RODRIGO D�az de los Cameros & his wife Aldonza D�az �(-assassinated Trevino 1277).�

Infante Fadrique had two illegitimate children by unknown mistresses:�

b) ALONSO Fadrique (in Italy [1260]-after 1297).� Szabolcs de Vajay says that he returned with his father to Spain in 1272[996].� m (before 2 Feb 1296) as her second husband, MAR�A Ram�rez de Queixial, widow of GONZALO Moran �el Mozo�, daughter of PEDRO Pel�ez de Queixial & his wife Mar�a Ram�rez Froilaz.� Szabolcs de Vajay records her parentage and two marriages but cites no primary sources on which the information is based[997].�

c) --- Fadrique (in Italy [1260]-).� Szabolcs de Vajay indicates that apparently this unnamed son did not return to Spain from Italy with his father and brother in 1272[998].� m ---.� One child:�

i) son.� m ---.� One child:�

(a) FADRIQUE.� Se�or de Troya.� m ---.� One child:�

(1) LANZELOTO (-after 18 Jul 1394).� A letter dated 18 Jul 1394 from Juan I King of Aragon to his nephew Enrique III King of Castile refers to �Lautelot fillo de Frederich de Troya...bisnieto del infante Frederich de Castiella...su muller e fillos�[999].� m --- (-after 18 Jul 1394).� Lanzelotto & his wife had children:�

a. children .� Referred to in the letter dated 18 Jul 1394, see above, but not by name.� It is not known whether these children had any further descendants.�

3. Infante don FERNANDO de Castilla y Le�n (Cuenca 1225, before 27 Mar-near Seville 1248, before 23 Nov).� The Chronicon Mundi of Lucas Tudensis names "Adefonsum, Fredericum, Fernandum, Philippum, Henricum, Sancium, Emanuelem" as the sons of Fernando III King of Castile and his first wife[1000].� "Ferrandus�Rex Castelle et Toleti�cum uxore mea Regina Beatrice et filiis meis Alfonso, Frederico, Fernando" donated property at Villaba�ez to the church of Valladolid by charter dated 27 Apr 1226[1001].� "Ferrandus�Rex Castelle et Toleti�cum uxore mea Regina Beatrice et filiis meis Alfonso, Frederico, Ferrando, Henrico" donated the churches of Montealegre to the church of Valladolid by charter dated 25 May 1230[1002].� Governor of Murcia and Molina Seca 1243.� He was at the siege of Triana early autumn 1248.� He died during the conquest of Seville.� Infante Fernando had one illegitimate son by an unknown mistress:��

a) ALFONSO Fern�ndez (-after 22 Jan 1284).� According to Szabolcs de Vajay, he was the son of Infante don Fernando[1003].� The author cites previous authors who attributed the paternity of Alfonso Fern�ndez to Fernando de la Cerda, but also the 22 Jan 1284 codicil to the will of Alfonso X "el Sabio" King of Castile, cited by Masnata, which refers to Alfonso as "nuestro sobrino y nuestro consegero"[1004].� Although this appears to indicate that Alfonso's father was one of King Alfonso X's brothers, it is not clear what proof there is that his father was Infante don Fernando.�

4. Infanta do�a LEONOR de Castilla y Le�n (1226-young).� The Chronicon Mundi of Lucas Tudensis names "Alienor, Berengariam et Mariam" as the daughters of Fernando III King of Castile and his first wife[1005].�

5. Infanta do�a BERENGUELA de Castilla y Le�n (1228-Las Huelgas 1279, bur Las Huelgas).� The Chronicon Mundi of Lucas Tudensis names "Alienor, Berengariam et Mariam" as the daughters of Fernando III King of Castile and his first wife[1006].� Nun at the Cistercian monastery Santa Mar�a la Real at Las Huelgas Sep 1243.�

6. Infante don ENRIQUE "el Senador" de Castilla y Le�n (1230 before 10 Mar-Roda 8 Aug 1303, bur Valladolid, San Francisco).� The Chronicon Mundi of Lucas Tudensis names "Adefonsum, Fredericum, Fernandum, Philippum, Henricum, Sancium, Emanuelem" as the sons of Fernando III King of Castile and his first wife[1007].� "Ferrandus�Rex Castelle et Toleti�cum uxore mea Regina Beatrice et filiis meis Alfonso, Frederico, Ferrando, Henrico" donated the churches of Montealegre to the church of Valladolid by charter dated 25 May 1230[1008].� Se�or de �cija, Medell�n, Due�as, Atienza, Berlanga, Calata�zor and San Esteban de Gormaz 1244.� Se�or de Mor�n, Cote and Silibar in Andaluc�a 1248.� He conquered Arcos and Lebrija 1255.� Ambitious to form his own independent state, he entered the service of the Bey of Tunis after he failed, and subsequently went to Italy.� Supporting at first Charles d�Anjou, he switched to the Gibelin cause.� Pope Clement IV made him Senator of Rome Jul 1267-Aug 1268.� He fought for Konradin against Charles d�Anjou, and was taken prisoner after the battle of Tagliacozzo and taken to Naples 28 Aug 1268.� The Alberti Milioli Notarii Regini Liber de Temporibus records the capture of "dompnus Henricus frater regis Castelle tunc senator urbis Rome" in 1268[1009].� He was imprisoned for 20 years in a fortress in Apulia, released 1291, and returned to Castile in 1294[1010].� Adelantado Mayor on the border with Andaluc�a.� The Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis records that the king dismissed �tutoriam Infans Dns Henricus� in Feb 1302[1011].� Mayordomo Mayor of his great nephew King Fernando IV 2 Nov 1302.� The Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis records the death in Aug 1303 of �Infans Dns Henricus, in Roda�[1012].� m ([1299/1300]) as her first husband, JUANA N��ez de Lara "la Palomilla" Se�ora de Lerma, Villafranca, Due�as, Fuente-Empudia, Torrelobat�n and Herrera, daughter of JUAN N��ez de Lara Se�or de Lara & his [first/second wife Teresa �lvarez de Azagra Se�ora de Albarrac�n/Teresa D�az de Haro]] (-Palencia 12 Jun 1351).� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Alvaro Nu�ez, D. Juan Nu�ez, D. Nu�o Gon�alez. D. Juana Nu�ez la Palomilla, D. Teresa Nu�ez" as the children of "D. Juan Nu�ez el Gordo" and his wife "D. Teresa Alvarez", an earlier passage recording that "El Infante D. Enrique" married "D. Juana Nu�ez la Palomilla", and another passage that "D. Fernando de la Cerda" married "D. Iuana Nu�ez la Palomilla, viuda del Infante D. Enrique"[1013].� The Cr�nica del Rey Fernando IV records the marriage of �don Juan Nu�ez...su hermana...do�a Juana� and �don Enrique�, dated to [1299/1300] from the context[1014].� She married secondly (1308) Infante don Fernando de la Cerda de Castilla.� She succeeded her brother in 1315 as Se�ora de Lara and Vizcaya.� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Pedro I records the death �dia de la Trinidad...en Palencia� in 1351 of �Do�a Juana de Lara madre [de] Don Juan Nu�ez...fija de Don Juan Nu�ez de Lara � de Do�a Teresa, hermana del Conde Don Lope Se�or de Vizcaya�, adding that she had first married �el Infante Don Enrique fijo del Rey Don Ferrando� when she was �muy moza�[1015].� Mistress (1): ([1246]) MAR�A [Mayor] Rodr�guez Pecha, daughter of RODRIGO Pecha Se�or de Atanz�n in Andaluc�a & his wife ---.� Mistress (2): ---.� The name of the second mistress of Infante don Enrique is not known.� Infante Enrique had one illegitimate child by Mistress (1):

a) ENRIQUE Enr�quez (Andaluc�a [1246]-).� Se�or de Puebla de los Infantes, in Andaluc�a, by grant of his uncle King Alfonso X 27 Jul 1253[1016].� m ([1300]) as her second husband, ESTEFAN�A Rodr�guez de Ceballos, Se�ora de Vado de las Estacas y Villalba, widow of JUAN Mathe de Luna, daughter of RODRIGO Gonz�lez de Ceballos & his wife Mar�a Fern�ndez de Caviedes.� Camarero Mayor 1285.� Almirante of Castile 1295.� Enrique & his wife had one child:�

i) ENRIQUE Enr�quez �el Mozo� (-after 1354).� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Enrique Enriquez nieto del Infante D. Enrique" when recording his marriage[1017].� He established himself in Badajoz.� He succeeded his mother as Se�or de Villalba.� �...D. Anrique Anriquez de Sevilla, D. Alfonso Anriquez su fijo, Don Fernando Anriquez su hermano...� subscribed the charter dated 27 Jan 1343 under which King Alfonso XI confirmed the privileges of the convent of San Augustin de Due�as[1018].� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Pedro I names �grandes parientes...Don Enrique Enriquez � Ferran Enriquez su fijo...� of �Do�a Leonor de Guzman� present at Medina Sidonia, when the body of King Alfonso XI passed through the town in 1350[1019].� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Pedro I records that King Pedro in 1354 granted �el Alcazar de Jaen � el castillo de Due�as � el castillo de Castro Xeriz� to �Don Enrique Enriquez�, who was married to �Do�a Urraca su tia de la dicha Do�a Juana, hermana de Do�a Isabel su madre�, to obtain his support for his marriage to �Do�a Juana de Castro fija de Don Pedro de Castro que decian de la Guerra...�[1020]. �According to Szabolcs de Vajay, Don Enrique may have been the ancestor of the family of Henr�quez at Seville and Salamanca[1021], but no details are known apart from the descendants shown below.� [m URRACA P�rez Ponce de Le�n, daughter of PEDRO Ponce de Le�n Se�or de Cangas y Tineo & his second wife Sancha Gil de Bragan�a.� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Fernando sin hijos, D. Rodrigo de las Asturias, D. Isabel, D. Juana, D. Urraca" as the children of "D. Pedro Ponzo" and his second wife "D. Sancha Gil Bragan�a", an earlier passage recording that "D. Enrique Enriquez nieto del Infante D. Enrique" married "D. Urraca"[1022].� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Pedro I also records that �Do�a Urraca su tia de la...Do�a Juana, hermana de Do�a Isabel su madre� married �Don Enrique Enriquez�[1023].� On the other hand, the Livro Velho names "D. Urraca" as daughter of "D. Pedro filho de Fernam Rodrigues de Castro" and his wife, adding that she married "Henrique Henriques"[1024], which if correct means that she was URRACA P�rez de Castro, daughter of PEDRO Rodr�guez de Castro & his second wife Isabel P�rez Ponce de Le�n.� Neither of these suggested affiliations appears satisfactory from a chronological point of view, assuming that the birth date of Enrique�s father is correctly estimated to [1246], although the first possibility appears more likely than the second.� This hypothesis is corroborated by Ayala�s Cr�nica de Pedro I which records that King Pedro in 1354 declared that ��l lo mostraria que con derecho se podia partir de la...Do�a Blanca, � que non era su muger� in order to marry �Do�a Juana de Castro fija de Don Pedro de Castro que decian de la Guerra...muger que fuera de Don Diego de Haro fijo de Don Lope de Haro � nieto de Don Diego Se�or de Vizcaya...�, adding that �Don Enrique Enriquez� was married to �Do�a Urraca su tia de la dicha Do�a Juana, hermana de Do�a Isabel su madre� and that he supported the plan because the king granted him �el Alcazar de Jaen � el castillo de Due�as � el castillo de Castro Xeriz�[1025].]� Enrique & his wife had two children:�

(a) ALFONSO Enr�quez (-after 27 Jan 1343).� �...D. Anrique Anriquez de Sevilla, D. Alfonso Anriquez su fijo, Don Fernando Anriquez su hermano...� subscribed the charter dated 27 Jan 1343 under which King Alfonso XI confirmed the privileges of the convent of San Augustin de Due�as[1026].�

(b) FERNANDO Enr�quez (-after 1350).� �...D. Anrique Anriquez de Sevilla, D. Alfonso Anriquez su fijo, Don Fernando Anriquez su hermano...� subscribed the charter dated 27 Jan 1343 under which King Alfonso XI confirmed the privileges of the convent of San Augustin de Due�as[1027].� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Pedro I names �grandes parientes...Don Enrique Enriquez � Ferran Enriquez su fijo...� of �Do�a Leonor de Guzman� present at Medina Sidonia, when the body of King Alfonso XI passed through the town in 1350[1028].�

Infante Enrique had one illegitimate child by Mistress (2):�

b) IN�S Enr�quez ([1292/98]-).� m JUAN Ponce, son of ---.� Se�or de Cabra 1326, and Se�or de la Torre de Pajares.� Adelantado Mayor of the borders with Andaluc�a.�

7. Infante don FELIPE de Castilla y Le�n ([1231], before 5 Dec-28 Nov 1274, bur Villalc�zar de Sirga, near Carri�n de los Condes, convent Santa Mar�a la Blanca of the Order of the Templars).� The Chronicon Mundi of Lucas Tudensis names "Adefonsum, Fredericum, Fernandum, Philippum, Henricum, Sancium, Emanuelem" as the sons of Fernando III King of Castile and his first wife[1029].� Canon of San Salvador de Campo de Mira and of Toledo.� Abbot of Castrojeriz 1243.� Abbot of Valladolid 1243.� A charter dated 19 Mar 1243 records the election of "dominum Philipum�Regis Castelle et Legionis filium concanonicum nostrum" as "Ecclesie Vallisoletane�abbatem"[1030].� Elected Bishop of Osma 1245.� "Philippus abbas Vallisoleti�Regis Castelle filius" exchanged property with the church of Valladolid by charter dated 15 Jan [1247][1031].� Abbot of Covarrubias 1248.� Elected Archbishop of Seville 1249.� "Philippus..Regis Fernandi filius et Hyspalensis ecclesie electus et abbas Vallisoleti" reserved rights in la villa de Castrillo Tejeriego by charter dated 4 May 1253[1032].� He resigned his ecclesiastical appointments [5 Feb/10 Apr] 1258 in order to marry[1033].� Se�or de Valdeporchena, Piedrahita and Valdecorneja 1258.� "El infante don Felipe hijo del rey San Fernando, su mujer do�a Leonor Ruiz de Castro, y su cu�ado Fern�n Ruiz de Castro" reached agreement with the Order of Calatrava concerning "la villa de Paredes de Nava y la mitad del Infantazgo de la reina do�a Menc�a" by charter dated 22 Sep 1269[1034].� Knight of the Order of Templars.� He rebelled against his brother King Alfonso X and offered his services to the King of Granada.� m firstly (contract 6 Feb 1258, 31 Mar 1258) CHRISTINA of Norway, daughter of HAAKON IV "den Gamle/the Old" King of Norway & his wife Margareta Skulesdotter (1234-Seville 1262, bur Covarrubias, monastery of San Cosme and San Damian).� The Icelandic Annals record that "virgo Christina Haqvini regis filia" was sent to Spain in 1257[1035].� The Chronicon de Carde�a records the arrival in Burgos in 1254 of �la Infant fija del Rey de Noruega� and her marriage to �D. Felipe hermano del Rey�electo de Sevilla�[1036].� The Icelandic Annals record the death in Spain in 1262 of "Christina Haqvini regis filia"[1037].� m secondly ([1263/64]) IN�S Rodr�guez Gir�n, daughter of RODRIGO Gonz�lez Gir�n Se�or de Frecilla, Cisneros and Autillo [Mayordomo Mayor of King Fernando III] & his second wife Teresa L�pez de Haro (-[1265], bur Villalc�zar de Sirga).� m thirdly (before 22 Sep 1269) LEONOR Rodr�guez de Castro, daughter of RODRIGO Ponce de Castro [Cabrera] Se�or de Cigales, Mucientes y Santa Olalla & his wife Leonor Gonz�lez de Lara (-Santa Olalla 1275, after 27 Apr, bur San Felices de Amaya, nuns of the Calatrava order, transferred 1568 to Burgos).� "El infante don Felipe hijo del rey San Fernando, su mujer do�a Leonor Ruiz de Castro, y su cu�ado Fern�n Ruiz de Castro" reached agreement with the Order of Calatrava concerning "la villa de Paredes de Nava y la mitad del Infantazgo de la reina do�a Menc�a" by charter dated 22 Sep 1269[1038].� The testament of "do�a Leonor Rodr�guez de Castro se�ora de Santa Olalla, hija de Rodrigo Fern�ndez de Castro y de do�a Leonor Gonz�lez" is dated 27 Apr 1275[1039].� Infante Felipe & his third wife had one child:�

a) FELIPE de Castilla (-young before 1274, bur San Felices de Amaya, nuns of the Calatrava Order).� His parentage is deduced by Szabolcs de Vajay from Felipe's burial in the necropolis of the Castro family[1040], although the author does not appear to have taken into account the fact that Felipe's mother was a member of the Cabrera family whose father had adopted the name "Castro" from his own mother's family.�

Infante Felipe had three illegitimate children by an unknown mistress:�

b) FERNANDO Alfonso (-after 1284).� Szabolcs de Vajay records that he received a legacy in Duruelo from his brother Alfonso Fern�ndez 1284 [1041].

c) ALFONSO Fern�ndez ([1263]-1284 shortly before 24 Dec).� Mayordomo of his uncle Alfonso X "el Sabio" King of Castile 1 Sep 1283.� He constituted his brother Fernando Alfonso his legatee[1042].�

d) BEATRIZ Fern�ndez (before 1273-).� Living unmarried in 1321, when Infanta do�a Blanca de Portugal, granddaughter of Alfonso X "el Sabio" King of Castile, left a legacy to her[1043].�

8. Infante don SANCHO de Castilla y Le�n (1233-Toledo 27 Oct 1261, bur either Toledo or Las Huelgas[1044]).� The Chronicon Mundi of Lucas Tudensis names "Adefonsum, Fredericum, Fernandum, Philippum, Henricum, Sancium, Emanuelem" as the sons of Fernando III King of Castile and his first wife[1045].� He was brought up by Don Rodrigo Jim�nez, Archbishop of Toledo.� Studied at Paris University.� Archdeacon of Toledo 1248.� Elected Archbishop of Toledo 11 Mar 1251, consecrated 1259.��

9. Infante don MANUEL de Castilla y Le�n (Carri�n de los Condes 1234-Pe�afiel 25 Dec 1283, bur Ucl�s, Santiago convent).� The Chronicon Mundi of Lucas Tudensis names "Adefonsum, Fredericum, Fernandum, Philippum, Henricum, Sancium, Emanuelem" as the sons of Fernando III King of Castile and his first wife[1046].� The Anales Toledanos name �D�i Emanuelis fratris Regis� when recording the death of his son[1047].� Se�or de Elche y Villena 1248.� Se�or de Escalona, Santa Olalla, Pe�afiel, Agreda, Roa y Cu�llar.��

-�� see below, Part B.� MANUEL.�

10. Infanta do�a MAR�A de Castilla y Le�n (early 1235-[Nov] 1235, bur Le�n, monastery of San Isidro).� The Chronicon Mundi of Lucas Tudensis names "Alienor, Berengariam et Mariam" as the daughters of Fernando III King of Castile and his first wife[1048].� The Chronicon Mundi of Lucas Tudensis records the death in 1235 of "Regina domina Beatrix" and "ante paucos dias�filia Regis Fernandi et Regine Beatricis Maria puellula" and her burial "Legione in monasterio Sancti Isidori"[1049].�

King Fernando III & his second wife had five children:

11. Infante don FERNANDO de Castilla y Le�n (1238-in France before 1264).� "Johanna�Castelle [regina]" confirmed a donation to Saint-Vulfran, for the souls of "�bone memorie�regis Castelle et Legionis quondam mariti nostri" and tor the salvation of "nostre et Fernandi�filii nostri primogeniti", by charter dated Aug 1255[1050].� Also known as Ferdinand de Ponthieu.� Comte d�Aum�le, Baron de Montgomery et de Noyelles-sur-Mer.�

-�� COMTES de PONTHIEU.�

12. Infanta do�a LEONOR de Castilla y Le�n (1240-Herdeby, Lincolnshire 29 Nov 1290, bur Westminster Abbey).� The Annales Londonienses record the marriage "circa translationem beati Edwardi regis apud Boures" in 1254 of "Edwardus filius regis Henrici" and "Alienoram iuvenculam�sororem regis Hispanni�"[1051].� This marriage was first proposed in 1253 in connection with settlement of the Spanish claim to Gascony, according to Matthew of Paris who refers to her as "sororem suam uterinani" in reference to "rex Hispani�" but does not give her name[1052].� She accompanied her husband on crusade 1270/72.� Crowned Queen 19 Aug 1274 at Westminster Abbey.� She succeeded her mother in 1279 as Ctss de Ponthieu, in place of her nephew Jean de Ponthieu Comte d'Aum�le, as the closer direct relation.� The Continuator of Florence of Worcester records the death "IV Kal Dec apud Herdeby in comitatu Lincolniensi" of "Alienora regina Angli� domini regis consors"[1053].� m (Burgos 18 Oct 1254) as his first wife, EDWARD Earl of Chester, son of HENRY III King of England & his wife El�onore de Provence (Palace of Westminster 17/18 Jun 1239-Burgh-on-Sands, Cumberland 8 Jul 1307, bur Westminster Abbey).� He succeeded his father in 1272 as EDWARD I �Longshanks� King of England.�

13. Infante don LUIS de Castilla y Le�n (before 1243-before 20 Apr 1279).� Invested as Se�or de Marchena and Zuheros in 1253 when his mother retired to France.� m as her second husband, JUANA G�mez de Manzanedo Se�ora de Gat�n, widow of RODRIGO Garc�a de Villamayor, daughter of G�MEZ Ruiz de Manzanedo Se�or de Valdelaguna & his wife Mar�a --- (-after 21 Jul 1305).� Salazar y Castro records her parentage and marriage[1054].� "Menc�a de Manzanedo, hija de Gonzalo G�mez de Manzanedo" ceded the usufruct of "la casa de Castriello" to "su t�a do�a Juana G�mez de Manzanedo", dated 21 Jul 1305[1055].� "Do�a Juana G�mez de Manzanedo, viuda de don Luis infante de Castilla, hijo del rey San Fernando" made a donation to "su sobrina do�a Menc�a de Manzanedo hija de su hermano don Gonzalo G�mez de Manzanedo y mujer de Arias Gonz�lez de Cisneros se�or de la casa de Cisneros" by charter dated 21 Jul 1305[1056].� "La Infanta Da Blanca" bought property in Briviesca from "Da Juana mujer que fue del Infante D. Luis" which she inherited from "Don Gomez Ruiz mio padre et de Donna Mencia mi madre" by charter dated Sep 1305[1057].� Infante Luis & his wife had two children:�

a) [BERENGUELA de Marchena (-[1279]).� Szabolcs de Vajay says �perhaps the lady of that name, wife of Maym�n de Ch�telaillon� who was buried �1326, Old Cathedral of L�rida�[1058].� m MAYMON de Ch�telaillon, son of --- (-bur 1326, Old Cathedral of L�rida).]�

b) LUIS de Marchena (before 1267-before 1302).� Szabolcs de Vajay records his parentage[1059].� Se�or de Marchena, Briviesca, Astudillo y Gat�n. �

14. Infante don SIM�N de Castilla y Le�n (1244-young, bur Toledo, Santo Domingo convent).� Szabolcs de Vajay says that �his burial place is given by the Cronica general�[1060].�

15. Infante don JUAN de Castilla y Le�n (1246-a few days after his birth, bur C�rdoba Cathedral).� Szabolcs de Vajay says that �his burial place is given by the Cronica general�[1061].�

Infante don ALFONSO de Castilla y Le�n, son of FERNANDO III "el Santo" King of Castile and Le�n & his first wife Elisabeth von Staufen (Toledo 23 Nov 1221-Seville 4 Apr 1284, bur Seville, Cathedral Santa Mar�a).� The Chronicon Mundi of Lucas Tudensis names "Adefonsum, Fredericum, Fernandum, Philippum, Henricum, Sancium, Emanuelem" as the sons of Fernando III King of Castile and his first wife[1062].� The Anales Toledanos record the birth 23 Nov 1221 of �el Infant D. Alfonso, fillo del Rey D. Fernando de Castiella�e�de la Reyna do�a Beatriz, filla del Emperador de Alema�a�[1063].� The Chronicon de Carde�a names �Rey D. Alfonso� as son of �Rey D. Ferrando� and his wife �Do�a Beatriz, la sobrina del Emperador de Alema�a�[1064].� "Ferrandus�Rex Castelle et Toleti�cum uxore mea Regina Beatrice et filiis meis Alfonso, Frederico, Fernando" donated property at Villaba�ez to the church of Valladolid by charter dated 27 Apr 1226[1065].� "Ferrandus�Rex Castelle et Toleti�cum uxore mea Regina Beatrice et filiis meis Alfonso, Frederico, Ferrando, Henrico" donated the churches of Montealegre to the church of Valladolid by charter dated 25 May 1230[1066].� Alf�rez of his father Fernando III "el Santo" King of Castile 21 Aug 1242 to 22 Aug 1242.� He succeeded his father in 1252 as ALFONSO X �el Sabio� King of Castile, Le�n, Galicia, Toledo, Badajoz, Cordoba, Murcia, Ja�n and Sevilla.� Immediately after his accession, he revived Castile's claim to Gascony and allied himself with Gaston VII Vicomte de B�arn[1067].� After the death in 1254 of Konrad IV King of Germany, King Alfonso claimed the duchy of Swabia (through his mother) and was supported by Pope Alexander IV writing to the Swabian nobility on 3 Feb 1255 and by Pisa under the treaty of Soria 18 Mar 1256[1068].� He attracted support from Brandenburg by the betrothal of his daughter to the eldest son of the Markgraf[1069].� He was elected ALFONSO King of Germany and King of the Romans at Frankfurt 1 Apr 1257 by Arnold Archbihsop of Trier, and the Saxon and Brandenburg rulers, but was unable to travel to Germany to stake his claim due to internal problems in Castile[1070].� King Alfonso ruined Castile financially while promoting his ambitions in Germany.� His brothers Infantes don Enrique and don Felipe rebelled against him, the civil war lasting from 1271-1274.� After the election of Rudolf von Habsburg as King of Germany in 1273, King Alfonso continued to press his claims to the Imperial crown and the Duchy of Swabia.� He sent Castilian troops to northern Italy to help his son-in-law Guglielmo di Monferrato attack the vicar of Lombardy appointed by Charles I King of Sicily[1071].� Queen Violante abandoned him in 1275, fearing for her life after the death of their oldest son.� Alfonso X King of Castile "con la Reyna do�a Yolant mi muger y con nuestros fijos el Infante don Sancho fijo mayor y heredero, y con don Pedro, y D. John, y D. Jaymes" donated "la villa de Caztalla" to the Order of Calatrava by charter dated 1279[1072].� Alfonso X sponsored a compilation of laws known as �Las Pastido�.� His younger son Sancho rebelled against him, deposed his father and had himself proclaimed King of Castile in 1282 by a Cortes at Valladolid.� Alfonso X nominated his grandson Alfonso de la Cerda as his successor but his wishes were not respected.� The Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis records the death in Apr 1284 of �Rex Alfonsus in Hispali�[1073].� The Anales Toledanos record the death �pridie Non Apr� in 1284 of �Rex Alfonsus�[1074].� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos records that "D. Alonso" died and was buried "en Sevilla"[1075].� According to Szabolcs de Vajay, his viscera were buried separately at Murcia Cathedral[1076].�

m (Betrothed 26 Nov 1246, Papal dispensation 23 Jan 1248, Valladolid 29 Jan 1249) Infanta do�a VIOLANTE de Arag�n, daughter of JAIME I �el Conquistador� King of Aragon & his second wife Violanta of Hungary ([1236]-Roncevalles 1301, bur Seville).� The Cr�nica de San Juan de la Pe�a names "la primera�Violant�la otra Costancia�et Isabel�la quarta�Maria" as the four daughters of King Jaime and his second wife, stating that Violante married "Don Alfonso filio primogenitor del Rey de Castiella"[1077].� The betrothal contract of �dominus Infans Alfonsus...regis Castell�...primogenitus� and �domina Violante filia domini Jacobi...regis Aragonum� is dated 26 Nov 1246[1078].� Pope Innocent IV issued a dispensation for the marriage of �rege Aragonum...Yola nata ipsius� and �Alphonsus primogenitus regis Castell��, related �quarta consanguinitatis linea�, dated 23 Jan 1249[1079].� Alfonso X King of Castile "con la Reyna donna Yolant mi mugier et con mis fijas la Inffante donna Berenguella et la Inffante donna Beatriz" confirmed rights of the church of Valladolid by charter dated Sep 1255[1080].� After her eldest son died, she fled to Aragon with his infant children.� Under the testament of "Jacobus�Rex Aragoni�, Majoricarum et Valenci�, Comes Barchinon� et Urgelli, et Dominus Montispessulani", dated 26 Aug 1272, the king made bequests to "�filiam nostram Domnam Yolant�"[1081].� Alfonso X King of Castile "con la Reyna do�a Yolant mi muger y con nuestros fijos el Infante don Sancho fijo mayor y heredero, y con don Pedro, y D. John, y D. Jaymes" donated "la villa de Caztalla" to the Order of Calatrava by charter dated 1279[1082].� She died returning from a pilgrimage to Rome.� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos records that "la Reina D. Violante" was buried "en Sevilla" with her husband[1083].�

Mistress (1): ([1240/41]) his aunt, MAR�A Alfonso de Le�n, widow of �LVAR Fern�ndez de Lara Se�or de Lara, illegitimate daughter of ALFONSO IX King of Le�n & his mistress Teresa Gil de Soverosa ([1222]-after 1252).� The Livro Velho names "D. Martim Affonso e D. Maria Affonso e D. Sancha Affonso e D. Orraca Affonso" as the children "d�elrey de Le�o" and his mistress Teresa, daughter of "D. Gil Vasques de Sovorosa", adding that Mar�a married "D. Alvar Fernandes filho do conde D. Fernando de Lara o que jaz em Fiteiros" but was childless, later became mistress of "elrey D. Affonso de Castella seu sobrinho", and afterwards married "D. Suer Ayres de Valladares" by whom she was mother of "D. Pedro Soares de Sarra�a e D. Affonso Soares" (listing their descendants)[1084].� She married secondly ([after 1240]) as his second wife, Suero Arias de Valladares �Sarra�a�.�

Mistress (2): ([1242/43]) ELVIRA Rodr�guez de Villada, daughter of RODRIGO Fern�ndez de Villada & his wife Mar�a M��oz.� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Alonso Fernandez Ni�o" as the child of King Alfonso X and "D. Maria Daulada"[1085].� She was generally referred to as Elvira Valada or Daulada.� Living 1283.� She married (before 1250) Gonzalo Moran el Velho, Merino Mayor of Le�n (-before 1283).�

Mistress (3): ([1243/48]) MAR�A [Mayor] Guill�n de Guzm�n, Se�ora de Alcocer, Salmer�n, Viana and Aza��n, daughter of GUILL�N P�rez de Guzm�n Se�or de Vecilla & his wife Mar�a Gonz�lez Gir�n ([1225]-Alcocer before 1267, bur Alcocer, monastery of Santa Clara).� The Cr�nica del Rey Don Alfonso X names "do�a Mayor Guillen�fija de don Pedro Guzman" as mother of King Alfonso X�s daughter "do�a Beatriz, que fu� casada con el rey don Alfonso de Portugal"[1086].�

Mistress (4): ---.� The name of the fourth mistress of King Alfonso X is not known.�

Mistress (5): ---.� The name of the fifth mistress of King Alfonso X is not known.�

King Alfonso X & his wife had eleven children:

1. Infanta do�a BERENGUELA de Castilla y Le�n (Seville [10 Oct/25 Nov] 1253-Guadalajara, convent of Santa Clara de Toro 1300, bur Santo Domingo el Real de Madrid).� The Cr�nica del Rey Don Alfonso X records the birth of "la reina do�a Violante de una fija�la infante do�a Berenguela, que fu� se�ora de Guadalfajara�en el comienzo del a�o" in the same year as the arrival in Castile of "la fija [del] rey de Nuruega�do�a Cristina"[1087].� Alfonso X King of Castile "con la Reyna donna Yolant mi mugier et con mis fijas la Inffante donna Berenguella et la Inffante donna Beatriz" confirmed rights of the church of Valladolid by charter dated Sep 1255[1088].� She was recognised as her father�s successor 5 May 1255, in default of male heirs, until the birth of her brother 23 Oct 1255.� Installed as Se�ora de Guadalajara by her father.� Her betrothal is recorded by Matthew of Paris, although he does not give her name[1089].� She founded the convent of Santa Clara de Toro at Guadalajara.� A nun at Las Huelgas.� Gonz�lez reproduces an epitaph at Santo Domingo el Real de Madrid which records the burial of �la Infanta do�a Berenguela, hija del rey don Alonso intitulado emperador�[1090].� Betrothed (Paris 20 Aug 1255) to LOUIS de France, eldest son of LOUIS IX King of France & his wife Marguerite de Provence (21 Sep 1243 or 24 Feb 1244-Paris 11 Jan 1260, bur Abbaye cistercienne de Royaumont, transferred to Saint-Denis 1817).�

2. Infanta do�a BEATRIZ de Castilla y Le�n ([5 Nov/6 Dec] 1254-[1286]).� Her origin is indicated by Pachymeres who records the second marriage of Emperor Andronikos II and "Irenen, e dynastis�quos marcesios sive marchiones appellant�neptem regis Hispani�"[1091].� Her parentage is also indicated by Georgius Phrantzes who records that "Irene, e Lombardia oriunda atque filia sororis regis Hispani� et nepti marchionis Montisferratensis�qui Thessalonicam�et Thessalorum rex fuit" was the second wife of "imperator Andronicus"[1092].� Alfonso X King of Castile "con la Reyna donna Yolant mi mugier et con mis fijas la Inffante donna Berenguella et la Inffante donna Beatriz" confirmed rights of the church of Valladolid by charter dated Sep 1255[1093].� Her first betrothal was arranged by her father to attract the support of Brandenburg for his candidacy for the throne of Germany[1094].� Although the name of the king's daughter is not specified in the source, it could only have been Beatriz as her older sister Berenguela was already betrothed at that date.� The Chronica Jacobi de Aquis, dated to 1334, records that "Marchio Guliermus" married secondly "Beatricem filiam regis Anfoxi de Hispania"[1095].� The Chronicon Astense records that in 1286 "Guilielmus Marchio Montisferrati" went "in Hispania cum uxore sua Beatrice" who died there[1096].� Betrothed (1256) to JOHANN von Brandenburg, son of JOHANN I Markgraf von Brandenburg & his first wife Sophie of Denmark ([1233/42]-Tangerm�nde 10 Sep 1281, bur Kloster Chorin).� He succeeded his father in [1266/67] as JOHANN II Markgraf von Brandenburg.� m (Murcia Aug 1271) as his third wife, GUGLIELMO VII Marchese di Monferrato, son of BONIFAZIO II Marchese di Monferrato & his wife Marguerite de Savoie (-in prison Alessandria 8 Feb 1292).�

3. Infante don FERNANDO "�l de la Cerda" de Castilla y Le�n (Valladolid 23 Oct 1255-Ciudad Real 25 Jul 1275, bur Las Huelgas de Burgos).� The Anales Toledanos record the birth in 1256 of �D�s Fernandus, filius Regis Alfonsi�[1097].� Mayordomo of his father King Alfonso X 21 Nov 1260, 19 Dec 1270-14 Mar 1272, and 6 Jun 1274.� He died of a fever during a campaign against the King of Morocco who had invaded southern Spain, after which his infant children were passed over in the succession to the crown of Castile in favour of his younger brother Infante don Sancho.�

-�� see below, Part C.� de la CERDA.�

4. Infante don SANCHO de Castilla y Le�n (Valladolid 12 May 1258-Toledo 25 Apr 1295, bur Toledo, Cathedral Santa Mar�a).� The Chronicon de Carde�a names �Infant D. Sancho� as son of �Rey D. Alfonso�[1098].� He succeeded in 1284 as SANCHO IV "el Bravo" King of Castile and Le�n.�

-�� see below.�

5. Infanta do�a CONSTANZA de Castilla y Le�n ([Feb/Oct] 1259-Las Huelgas 23 Jul 1280).� A nun at Las Huelgas.�

6. Infante don PEDRO de Castilla y Le�n (Seville [15 May/25 Jul] 1260-Ledesma 20 Oct 1283).� Twin with his brother don Juan.� Alfonso X King of Castile "con la Reyna do�a Yolant mi muger y con nuestros fijos el Infante don Sancho fijo mayor y heredero, y con don Pedro, y D. John, y D. Jaymes" donated "la villa de Caztalla" to the Order of Calatrava by charter dated 1279[1099].� Se�or de Ledesma, Alba de Tormes, Salvatierra, Galisto and Miranda.� The Anales Toledanos record the death �XIV Kal Nov� 1283 of �D�s Petrus, filius�Regis Alfonsi et frater D�i Fernandi�[1100].� m (Burgos 1281) MARGUERITE de Narbonne, daughter of AIMERY [IV] Vicomte de Narbonne & his wife Sibylle de Foix.� Infante Pedro & his wife had one child:�

a) SANCHO de Castilla "�l de la Paz" (1283-1310, bur Ledesma).� He succeeded his father as Se�or de Ledesma, Alba de Tormes, Salvatierra, Galisto and Miranda.� An epitaph in Ledesma records the burial of �Infante don Sancho hijo del Infante don Pedro y nieto del rey don Alonso el Sabio, se�or que fue desta villa� who died in �1310�[1101]. �Presumably the title �Infante�, used only by the sons of kings, was an error.�

Infante Pedro had [one illegitimate son by an unknown mistress]:�

b) [SANCHO (-Salamanca 1 Oct 1314, bur Salamanca San Francisco).� An epitaph in Salamanca San Francisco records the burial of �Sancho peh. fijo del Infante don Pedro, y nieto del...rey don Alonso� who died 1 Oct �Era 1352� [1314][1102].� It is assumed that this records a different person from Pedro�s son Sancho whose burial is recorded at Ledesma (see above).� If that is correct, this Sancho must have been illegitimate.]�

7. Infante don JUAN de Castilla y Le�n (Seville [15 May/25 Jul] 1260-Vega de Granada 25 Jun 1319, bur Burgos).� Twin with his brother Pedro.� Alfonso X King of Castile "con la Reyna do�a Yolant mi muger y con nuestros fijos el Infante don Sancho fijo mayor y heredero, y con don Pedro, y D. John, y D. Jaymes" donated "la villa de Caztalla" to the Order of Calatrava by charter dated 1279[1103].� Se�or de Valencia de Campos.�

-�� see below, Part D. Se�ores de VALENCIA de CAMPOS.�

8. Infanta do�a ISABEL de Castilla y Le�n ([Jan 1263/Dec 1264]-young).� The Cr�nica del Rey Don Alfonso X names "do�a Isabel�do�a Leonor, que cas� en Murcia con el marqu�s" as younger daughters of King Alfonso X and his wife[1104].�

9. Infanta do�a VIOLANTE de Castilla y Le�n (1265-[12 Mar 1287/30 Jan 1308]).� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos records that "D. Diego", son of "D. Diego Lopez se�or de Biscaya", married "D. Violante"[1105].� "Diego L�pez de Haro se�or de Vizcaya y su mujer do�a Violante infanta de Castilla" granted "el lugar de Segoviana, aldea de Santa Olalla" to "do�a Sancha D�az de Haro su hermana" by charter dated 22 Apr 1287[1106].� m (1282) DIEGO L�pez de Haro Se�or de Vizcaya, son of DIEGO L�pez de Haro Se�or de Vizcaya & his wife Constance de B�arn ([1250]-Algeciras 1310).�

10. Infante don JAIME de Castilla y Le�n ([1266]-Orgaz 9 Aug 1284).� Alfonso X King of Castile "con la Reyna do�a Yolant mi muger y con nuestros fijos el Infante don Sancho fijo mayor y heredero, y con don Pedro, y D. John, y D. Jaymes" donated "la villa de Caztalla" to the Order of Calatrava by charter dated 1279[1107].� Se�or de los Cameros.� He supported his brother in the revolt against their father.� Nevertheless, his father left him the kingdom of Murcia in his will, although Jaime died before he was able to take possession.� The Anales Toledanos record the death �aput Orgaz V Id Aug� in 1284 of �Rex Alfonsus�filius eius Jacobus� aged 18[1108].�

11. Infanta do�a LEONOR de Castilla y Le�n (after 1274-1275). �The Anales Toledanos record the death in 1275 of �D�a Elianor filia Regis�[1109].� The Cr�nica del Rey Don Alfonso X names "do�a Isabel�do�a Leonor, que cas� en Murcia con el marqu�s" as younger daughters of King Alfonso X and his wife[1110].�

King Alfonso X had one illegitimate child by Mistress (1):�

12. BERENGUELA Alfonso.� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Berenguera" as the child of King Alfonso X and "D. Maria Alonso su tia", adding that she was childless[1111].� Her marriage is given by Szabolcs de Vajay[1112].� This marriage is not shown in Europ�ische Stammtafeln[1113], although the latter does show the marriage of Urraca Alfonso, illegitimate daughter of Alfonso IX King of Le�n, to Pedro N��ez de Guzman.� m as his first wife, PEDRO N��ez de Guzm�n, son of GUILL�N P�rez de Guzman & his wife Elvira Rodr�guez (-after 1264).��

King Alfonso X had one illegitimate child by Mistress (2):�

13. ALFONSO Fern�ndez �el Ni�o� ([1243]-1281).� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Alonso Fernandez Ni�o" as the child of King Alfonso X and "D. Maria Daulada"[1114].� "Don Alffonsso Ferrandez, fijo del Rey�" confirmed the charter dated Sep 1255 under which Alfonso X King of Castile confirmed rights of the church of Valladolid[1115].� m BLANCA Alfonso de Molina Se�ora de Molina y Mesa, daughter of Infante don ALFONSO de Le�n Se�or de Molina & his wife Mafalda Gonz�lez ([1243]-Molina 1292, before 5 Dec).� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos records that "D Alonso Fernandez Ni�o" married "D. Blanca se�ora de Molina", a later passage in the same source recording that "Blanca se�ora de Molina" was the daughter of "El Infante don Alonso" and his wife "D. Mafalda Perez"[1116].� Alfonso & his wife had two children:�

a) ISABEL Alfonso de Molina (-5 Dec 1292).� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Isabel" as the daughter of "D Alonso Fernandez Ni�o" and his wife "D. Blanca se�ora de Molina", adding that she died before her mother[1117].� The Cr�nica del Rey Sancho records that �don Juan Nu�ez� arranged the marriage of �don Juan Nu�ez su fijo� to �do�a Isabel fija de do�a Blanca de Molina� in 1290[1118].� The Cr�nica del Rey Sancho records the death in 1292 of �do�a Isabel la mujer de don Juan Nu�ez� childless[1119].� m (1290) as his first wife, JUAN N��ez de Lara Se�or de Lara y Albarrac�n, son of JUAN N��ez de Lara Se�or de Lara & his [first] wife Teresa �lvarez de Azagra Se�ora de Albarrac�n ([before 1273]-Burgos Jul 1315 or after 16 Sep 1315).� No issue.�

b) [MAFALDA] Alfonso de Molina (-young).�

King Alfonso X had one illegitimate child by Mistress (3):�

14. BEATRIZ Alfonso (1242-27 Oct 1303, bur Cistercian monastery of Santa Maria de Alcoba�a).� The Cr�nica del Rey Don Alfonso X names "do�a Mayor Guillen�fija de don Pedro Guzman" as mother of King Alfonso X�s daughter "do�a Beatriz, que fu� casada con el rey don Alfonso de Portugal"[1120].� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos records that "D. Alonso�Rey de Portugal" married "D. Beatriz", who in an earlier passage is named as daughter of Alfonso X King of Castile by his wife Queen Violante[1121].� Se�ora de Alcocer, Salmer�n y Vadesliras.� The Breve Chronicon Alcobacense records that "Rex Alfonsus�comes Bolonie" was buried "Alcobacie cum uxore sua"[1122].� m (1253) as his second wife, AFONSO III "o Restaurador" King of Portugal, son of AFONSO II "el Gordo" King of Portugal & his wife Infanta do�a Urraca de Castilla (Coimbra 5 May 1210-Lisbon 16 Feb 1279, bur Cistercian monastery of Santa Mar�a de Alcoba�a).�

King Alfonso X had [one possible illegitimate child] by Mistress (4):

15. [URRACA Alfonso .� Europ�ische Stammtafeln shows that Urraca Alfonso, illegitimate daughter of King Alfonso X, married "Pedro N��ez de Guzm�n"[1123].� Szabolcs de Vajay, on the other hand, says there is "no further record" of his daughter Urraca Alfonso[1124].� Salazar y Castro states that Urraca Alfonso married "�lvaro P�rez de Guzm�n"[1125], although in another section of his work he names the wife of �lvaro P�rez de Guzm�n as "do�a Mar�a de la Cerda Se�ora de Gibrale�n"[1126].� It is possible that Europ�ische Stammtafeln has confused this Urraca with Urraca, daughter of Alfonso IX King of Le�n, who married Pedro N��ez de Guzman.� The contradictory evidence provided by Salazar y Castro has not yet been explained.� m �LVARO P�rez de Guzm�n, son of NU�O Guill�n de Guzm�n & his wife Teresa �lvarez de Manzandeo (-after 1280).]

King Alfonso X had one illegitimate child by Mistress (5):

16. MART�N Alfonso.� Abbot of Valladolid.�

Infante don SANCHO de Castilla y Le�n, son of ALFONSO X "el Sabio" King of Castile and Le�n & his wife Infante do�a Violante de Arag�n (Valladolid 12 May 1258-Toledo 25 Apr 1295, bur Toledo, Cathedral Santa Mar�a).� The Chronicon de Carde�a names �Infant D. Sancho� as son of �Rey D. Alfonso�[1127].� Alfonso X King of Castile "con la Reyna donna Yolant mi mujer et con nuestro ffijo el Infante don Ferrando primero et yeredero e con nuestro ffijo el Inffante don Sancho" granted rights of the church of Valladolid by charter dated 9 Jul 1258[1128].� Mayordomo of his father King Alfonso X [1276]-7 Jul 1277.� He fought with his brother Fernando de la Cerda 1275 against the king of Morocco who had invaded southern Spain.� After his brother�s death, the nobles recognised Sancho as heir to the throne over the former�s infant children, confirmed by a Cortes at Segovia 1276.� Alfonso X King of Castile "con la Reyna do�a Yolant mi muger y con nuestros fijos el Infante don Sancho fijo mayor y heredero, y con don Pedro, y D. John, y D. Jaymes" donated "la villa de Caztalla" to the Order of Calatrava by charter dated 1279[1129].� Sancho rebelled against his father together with his brother Juan, and had his father deposed and himself proclaimed King of Castile 1282 by a Cortes at Valladolid.� After further disputes with his father, he succeeded in 1284 as SANCHO IV "el Bravo" King of Castile and Le�n.� The Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis records the death in Apr 1295 of �Rex Dns Sancius Toleti�[1130].� The Chronicon Conimbricensi records the death �III Kal Mai� in 1295 of �D�s Sancius Rex Castell��[1131].�

Betrothed (6 Feb 1270, contract broken before Jun 1281) to GUILLELMA de B�arn, daughter of GASTON [VII] de Moncada Vicomte de B�arn & his first wife Mathe [Amata] de Marsan [Mastas] Ctss de Bigorre ([1245/55]-1309).� The contract between "domini Gastonis�vicecomitis Bearnensis" and "Alfonso�regi Castell� et domin� Violant regin� Castell�uxori" provides for the marriage between "Guillelmam filiam" of the former to "infanti domino Sancio filio" of the latter, witnessed by "domino Lop�domino de Biscaia, Didaco Lopi de Haro�", dated 6 Feb 1270[1132].�

m (Toledo Jul 1282) MAR�A Alfonso de Molina �la Grande�, daughter of Infante don ALFONSO de Castilla y Le�n Se�or de Molina y Mesa & his third wife Mayor Alfonso de Meneses Se�ora de Montealegre and Tiedra ([1264]-Valladolid 1 Jul 1321, bur Valladolid, Cistercian monastery of Santa Mar�a la Real called Las Huelgas de Valladolid).� The Chronicon de Carde�a records that �El Rey D. Sancho� married �la Reyna Do�a Maria�fija del Infant D. Alfonso�de Molina�hermano del Rey D. Ferrando�[1133].� The Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis records the marriage in Jul 1282 of �Rex Dns Sancius, adhuc Infans� and �Regina Dna Maria Toleti�[1134].� She received Valladolid, Toro, Ecija, Zafra and Astudillo as her dowry in 1284[1135].� Regent of Castile for her son King Fernando IV 1295-1314 and for her grandson King Alfonso XI 1314-1321.� The testament of "do�a Maria�reyna de Castilla, de Leon, y se�ora de Molina", dated 29 Jun 1321, names "el Rey D. Fernando mio fijo", makes donations for the souls of "el Rey don Sancho�do�a Blanca mi hermana se�ora que fue de Molina...el Ynfante D. Enrique mio fijo", provides for "el Rey don Alfonso mio nieto�la Infanta do�a Isabel mi fija�Infante don Felipe mio fijo�do�a Maria mia sobrina muger que fue del Infante d. Juan"[1136].� The Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis records the death in Jul 1321 of �Regina Dna Maria in Valleoleti�, adding in a later passage that she was buried in �monasterium de Olgis�[1137].� The Cr�nica del Rey Alfonso XI records the death 1 Jun of �la Reyna Do�a Maria� in �el monasterio de Sanct Francisco de Valledolit� and her burial �en su monasterio en Sancta Maria la Real...agora se llama las Huelgas de Valledolit�[1138].�

Mistress (1): MAR�A Alfonso de Meneses Se�ora de Ucero, wife of JUAN Garc�a de Usero Se�or de Usero, daughter of ALFONSO Alfonso de Meneses & his wife Mayor Gonz�lez Gir�n. �The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Maria Alonso llamado de Usero" as the child of "D. Alonso Tellez Tizon", recording that she married "D. Juan Garcia Usero, se�or del lugar deste nombre" and was afterwards mistress of "el Rey D. Sancho de Castilla", an earlier passage naming "D. Mar�a de Ucero" as the mother of King Sancho�s daughter "D. Violante Sanchez"[1139].� Her name is confirmed by the charter dated 17 Apr 1293 under which "Fern�n Ruiz de Castro pertiguero mayor de Tierra de Santiago" granted arras to "su mujer hija del rey Sancho IV y de do�a Mar�a Alf�n Uceiro"[1140].�

Mistress (2): MAR�A P�rez.� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos does not name the mother of King Sancho�s son "D. Alonso Sanchez"[1141].�

Mistress (3): ---.� The name of the third mistress of King Sancho IV is not known.�

King Sancho IV & his wife had seven children:

1. Infanta do�a ISABEL de Castilla y Le�n (Toro 1283-24 Jul 1328).� The Livro Velho names "a infanta D. Isabel�a infanta D. Brites" as the daughters of King Sancho IV and his wife[1142].� The Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis records the marriage in Dec 1293 of �Regem Aragonum� and �Infantissam Dnam Elisabeth, filiam Regis Dni Sancii, in Soria�[1143].� The Cr�nica de San Juan de la Pe�a records the marriage of King Jaime and "el Rey de Castiella�su filla�Maria" (presumably an error for Isabel) despite their consanguinity, commenting that the marriage was never consummated and was annulled[1144].� Se�ora de Guadalajara.� The Papal dispensation for the marriage of "Johanni primogenito...Arturi ducs Britanni� vicecomitis Lemovicensis" and �Isabell� nat� clar� memori� Sancii Castell� regis�, dated 21 Jun 1310, records her 3^o consanguinity with �Isabellis nata...filii...Caroli nati...Philippi regis Francorum prior uxor tua�[1145].� Vicomtesse de Limoges, by grant of her second husband.� "Johannes ducis Britannie primogenitus vicecomes Lemovicensis" granted �vicecomitatum Lemovicensem� to �Ysabellam...Sancii quondam regis Castelle et Legionis filiam� by charter dated Mar 1312[1146].� The testament of "do�a Maria�reyna de Castilla, de Leon, y se�ora de Molina", dated 29 Jun 1321, provides for "�la Infanta do�a Isabel mi fija�Infante don Felipe mio fijo�do�a Maria mia sobrina muger que fue del Infante d. Juan"[1147].� Betrothed to ALFONSO de la Cerda de Castilla, son of Infante don FERNANDO "�l de la Cerda" de Castilla y Le�n & his wife Blanche de France (Valladolid 1270-Piedrahita shortly after 23 Dec 1324).� m firstly (Soria Dec 1291 or Dec 1293, unconsummated, annulled 1295 for consanguinity) as his first wife, JAIME II King of Aragon, son of PEDRO III "el Grande" King of Aragon & his wife Constanza di Sicilia [Hohenstaufen] (Valencia 10 Aug 1267-Barcelona 2 Nov 1327, bur Barcelona church of San Francisco, transferred to Monastery of Santa Cruz, prov Tarragona).� m secondly (Burgos 1310) JEAN de Bretagne, son of ARTHUR II Duke of Brittany & his first wife Marie de Limoges (Ch�teauroux, Indre 8 Mar 1286-Caen, Calvados 30 Apr 1341, bur Plo�rmel, Morbihan, Chapelle des Carmes).� Vicomte de Limoges 1301.� He succeeded his father in 1312 as JEAN III "le Bon" Duke of Brittany.�

2. Infante don FERNANDO de Castilla y Le�n (Seville 6 Dec 1285-Jaen 7 Sep 1312, bur C�rdoba Santa Mar�a).� The Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis records the birth in Dec 1285 of �Rex Dns Fernandus, filius Regis Dni Sancii, in Hispali�[1148].� He succeeded his father in 1295 as FERNANDO IV "el Ajurno" King of Castile and Le�n.��

-�� see below.�

3. Infante don ALFONSO de Castilla y Le�n (Valladolid Jan 1286-Valladolid Aug 1291).� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Fernando, D. Pedro, D. Alonso, D. Enrique, D. Felipe" as the sons of King Alfonso IV and his wife, adding that Alfonso, Enrique and Felipe were childless[1149].� The Cr�nica del Rey Sancho records that the marriage was arranged between �el Rey...infante don Alfonso su fijo� and �do�a Juana fija de don Juan Nu�ez�, but that �este infante don Alfonso su fijo� died, dated to 1291 from the context[1150].� Betrothed (1291) to JUANA N��ez de Lara "la Palomilla" Se�ora de Lerma, Villafranca, Due�as, Fuente-Empudia, Torrelobat�n and Herrera, daughter of JUAN N��ez de Lara Se�or de Lara & his [first/second wife Teresa �lvarez de Azagra Se�ora de Albarrac�n/Teresa D�az de Haro] (-Palencia 12 Jun 1351).�

4. Infante don ENRIQUE de Castilla y Le�n (Vitoria 1288-1299).� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Fernando, D. Pedro, D. Alonso, D. Enrique, D. Felipe" as the sons of King Alfonso IV and his wife, adding that Alfonso, Enrique and Felipe were childless[1151].� The Livro Velho names "�o infante D. Henrique que foi mudo�" as fifth son of King Sancho IV and his wife[1152].� The Cr�nica del Rey Fernando IV records that �el infante don Enrique, fijo del rey don Sancho� held �Vizcaya� which �don Diego Lopez de Haro, que era en Aragon� demanded after the death of Enrique�s father, dated to [1295] from the context[1153].�

5. Infante don PEDRO de Castilla y Le�n (Valladolid 1290-killed in battle Vega de Granada 25 Jun 1319, bur Burgos Las Huelgas).� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Fernando, D. Pedro, D. Alonso, D. Enrique, D. Felipe" as the sons of King Alfonso IV and his wife, adding that Alfonso, Enrique and Felipe were childless[1154].� Se�or de los Cameros (�), Almaz�n, Berlanga, Monteagudo and Cifuentes.� Mayordomo mayor of his brother King Fernando IV 25 Feb 1310-29 Jan 1311.� Tutor of his nephew Alfonso XI.� He was killed fighting the Moors.� The Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis records the death in Jun 1319 of �Infantes Dns Joannes et Dns Petrus, in Vega Granat��[1155].� m (Calatayud Dec 1311) Infanta do�a MAR�A de Arag�n, daughter of JAIME II King of Aragon & his second wife Blanche di Sicilia [Anjou] (-Sijena 1327).� The Livro Velho records that "o infante D. Pedro�filho delrey D. Sancho e da raynha D. Maria" married "a infante D. Maria d�Aragam"[1156].� The Cr�nica de San Juan de la Pe�a names "la primera�Do�a Maria�la segunda Do�a Costan�a�la tercera�Do�a Isabel�la quarta�Do�a Blancha�la quinta�Do�a Violante" as the five daughters of King Jaime II and his wife Blanca, stating that Mar�a was the wife "del infant Don P^o de Castiella"[1157].� Alfonso XI King of Castile defended the monastery of Las Huelgas de Burgos against claims relating to the debts of "Inffante Donna Maria Sennora de las Huelgas, mugier que fue del Inffante don Pedro mio tio" by charter dated Oct 1331[1158].� Pedro & his wife had one child:�

a) BLANCA de Castilla (after 1315-Las Huelgas 1375).� The Livro Velho names "D. Branca" as the child of "o infante D. Pedro�filho delrey D. Sancho e da raynha D. Maria" and his wife "a infante D. Maria d�Aragam", adding that she married "infante D. Pedro de Portugal"[1159].� Abbess of Las Huelgas 1331.� m (Alfayete Sep 1325, non-consummated, annulled 1330) as his first wife, Infante dom PEDRO de Portugal, son of AFONSO IV King of Portugal & his wife Infanta do�a Beatriz de Castilla y Le�n ((Coimbra 18 Apr 1320-killed Estremos 18 Jan 1367, bur Cistercian monastery of Santa Maria de Alcoba�a).� He succeeded his father in 1357 as PEDRO I "o Justiceiro" King of Portugal.�

6. Infante don FELIPE de Castilla y Le�n (Seville 28 May 1292-Madrid [13/30] Apr 1327).� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Fernando, D. Pedro, D. Alonso, D. Enrique, D. Felipe" as the sons of King Alfonso IV and his wife, adding that Alfonso, Enrique and Felipe were childless[1160].� Se�or de Cabrera y Ribera.� He succeeded in cornering power successfully and amassed a great fortune.� Regent of Castile 1319-1325 for his nephew King Alfonso XI.� The testament of "do�a Maria�reyna de Castilla, de Leon, y se�ora de Molina", dated 29 Jun 1321, provides for "�la Infanta do�a Isabel mi fija�Infante don Felipe mio fijo�do�a Maria mia sobrina muger que fue del Infante d. Juan"[1161].� Edward II King of England wrote to �Philippo Infanti nato regis Hispani�...nepoti nostro� requesting his support in certain negotiations by charter dated 1 Apr 1324[1162].� Mayordomo mayor of Castile 27 Dec 1325 to 6 Jan 1327.� His allies ended by rebelling against him.� The Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis records the death in Apr 1327 of �Infans Dns Philippus, filius Regis Dni Sancii in majorat�[1163].� m (before Nov 1315) MARGARITA de la Cerda Se�ora de Lemos y Sarr�a, daughter of ALFONSO de la Cerda & his wife Mathilde de Brienne-Eu (in France 1293-after 4 May 1328).� The testament of "do�a Margarita de la Cerda, mujer de don Felipe infante de Castilla" is dated 4 May 1328[1164].�

7. Infanta do�a BEATRIZ de Castilla y Le�n (Toro 1293-Lisbon 25 Oct 1359).� The Livro Velho names "a infanta D. Isabel�a infanta D. Brites" as the daughters of King Sancho IV and his wife[1165].� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos records that "D. Alonso�Rey" married "D. Beatriz"[1166].� After her husband died, she became a nun at Santa Clara in Coimbra.� The codicil of �Donna Beatriz...Raynha de Portugal�, dated 27 Dec 1354, amending her testament dated 21 Mar 1349, made bequests to �Raynha de Castella minha filha...Raynha de Aragon minha filha...Infante Dom Fernando meu neto...Infanta Donna Maria minha neta...Branca do Avellal e seos filhos...Louren�o filho de Martim de Avelal e sa esposa...Vasco e a Joanne filho do dito Martim de Avelal...Vasco e a Pedro filhos de Leonor Martins...Maria Rodrigues a Aya...Maria Migueis...Donna Izabel de Cardena Abbade�a de Santa Clara de Coimbra�, and appointed �Martim do Avelal meu Copeiro mor...� as one of her executors[1167].� The testament of �D. Beatriz...Raynha de Portugal e do Algarve�, dated 9 Dec 1358, chose burial �na See de Lisboa� with her husband, made bequests to �El Rey D. Pedro meu filho...Infante D. Fernando meu neto...Infante D. Maria minha neta...Infante D. Joa� meu neto...Infante D. Deniz meu neto...Infante D. Beatriz minha neta...D. Maria Girona minha sobrinha...Branca Louren�o do Avelal...Leonor Gon�alves...� and many others, and names �el Rey D. Affonso meu Senhor...Raynha D. Leonor Daragom minha filha...Louren�o Martins do Avelal...o Infante Dom Felipe meu Irma�...a Rainha de Castella minha filha...�[1168].� The Chronicon Conimbricensi records the death 26 Oct 1359 of �Reyna de Portugal � do Algarve Do�a Beatris, molher�do�Rey D. Afonso � quarto�� filo do�Rey D. Sancho de Castella� and her burial �en na See de Lixboa�[1169].� m (Lisbon 12 Sep 1309) Infante dom AFONSO de Portugal, son of DINIZ King of Portugal & his wife Infanta do�a Isabel de Arag�n (Lisbon 8 Feb 1291-Lisbon 28 May 1357, bur Lisbon Cathedral).� He succeeded his father in 1325 as AFONSO IV �o Osado� King of Portugal.�

King Sancho IV had one illegitimate child by Mistress (1):

8. VIOLANTE S�nchez de Castilla (before 1280-after 30 May 1326).� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos records that "D. Fernan Roiz", son of "D. Estevan Fernandez", married "D. Violante Sanchez hija del Rey D. Sancho de Castilla i de D. Maria de Usero"[1170].� "Esteban Fern�ndez de Castro, pertiguero mayor de tierra de Santiago, se�or de Lemos" promised arras to "do�a Violante se�ora de Ucero, hija bastarda del rey Sancho IV" for her marriage to "Fernando Ruiz de Castro su hijo" by charter dated 18 Jun 1281[1171].� "Fern�n Ruiz de Castro pertiguero mayor de Tierra de Santiago" granted arras to "su mujer hija del rey Sancho IV y de do�a Mar�a Alf�n Uceiro" by charter dated 17 Apr 1293[1172].� "Pedro Fern�ndez de Castro el de la Guerra" divided property with "su madre do�a Violante hija bastarda del rey Sancho IV" by charter dated 18 Feb 1316[1173].� "Do�a Violante, viuda de Fernando Rodr�guez de Castro e hija del rey Sancho IV" became a nun in the Order of Santiago, at the hands of Pope John XXII, by charter dated 30 May 1326[1174].� m (contract 18 Feb 1293) FERNANDO Rodr�guez de Castro Se�or de Lemos y Sarr�a, son of ESTEBAN Fern�ndez de Castro Se�or de Lemos y Sarria & his wife Aldonza Rodr�guez (before 18 Feb 1316).�

King Sancho IV had one illegitimate child by Mistress (2):�

9. ALFONSO S�nchez de Castilla.� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Alonso Sanchez" as the son of King Alfonso IV but does not name his mother[1175].� m as her second husband, MAR�A D�az de Haro, widow of NU�O D�az de Casta�eda, daughter of DIEGO L�pez de Haro [Vizcaya] & his wife Teresa �lvarez de Lara.� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Maria Diaz" as daughter of "D. Diego Lopez de Salcedo" and his wife "D. Teresa Alvarez, hija de Alvaro Fernandez Potestade", recording in an earlier passage that "D. Alonso Sanchez" married "D. Maria Diaz de Salzedo", in another passage that "Lope o Loy de Mendo�a" married "D. Maria Diaz", and in a fourth passage that "Nuno o Ma�o Diaz de Casta�eda" married "D. Maria Diaz" (adding that the couple was childless)[1176].� She married thirdly Lope de Mendoza.�

King Sancho IV had one illegitimate child by Mistress (3):

10. TERESA S�nchez de Castilla.� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Teresa Sanchez" as the daughter of King Alfonso IV by "una Due�a de Burova", adding in a later passage that "D. Ruy Gil de Villalobos" married "D. Teresa Sanchez", and in a third passage that "Conde D. Juan Alonso de Portugal" married "D. Teresa Sanchez"[1177].� Salazar y Castro records her parentage and two marriages[1178].� m firstly RODRIGO Gil de Villalobos, son of RODRIGO Gil de Villalobos & his wife Mar�a L�pez de Haro (-after 1295).� m secondly JUAN Alfonso de Meneses Conde de Barcellos Se�or de Alburquerque, son of ALFONSO T�llez de Meneses Se�or de Meneses & his first wife Mar�a Y��ez de Lima (-1304).�

Infante don FERNANDO de Castilla y Le�n, son of SANCHO IV "el Bravo" King of Castile and Le�n & his wife Mar�a Alfonso de Molina �la Grande� (Seville 6 Dec 1285-Jaen 7 Sep 1312, bur C�rdoba Santa Mar�a).� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Fernando, D. Pedro, D. Alonso, D. Enrique, D. Felipe" as the sons of King Alfonso IV and his wife, adding that Alfonso, Enrique and Felipe were childless[1179].� The Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis records the birth in Dec 1285 of �Rex Dns Fernandus, filius Regis Dni Sancii, in Hispali�[1180].� He succeeded in 1295 as FERNANDO IV "el Ajurno" King of Castile and Le�n.� During his minority, his mother (as regent on his behalf) played an active part in subduing rebellious factions led by Diego [V] de Haro and Diniz King of Portugal.� The Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis records that �Rex Aragonum� captured �Regnum Murci�� and invaded Castile in 1297[1181].� The Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis records that the king dismissed �tutoriam Infans Dns Henricus� in Feb 1302[1182].� The Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis records that �Rex Dns Fernandus� besieged Algeciras and captured Gibraltar in Aug 1309[1183].� The cartulary of Tulle St Martin records the grant by "don Ferrando�rey de Castella, de Toledo, de Leon, de Gallizia, de Sevilla, de Cordoua, de Murcia, de jahen, del Algarbe et senor de Molona�con la reyna dona Costan�a mi muger" dated 1304, subscribed by "don Mahomet Abeva�ar rey de Granada vassallo del rey, el Infante don Johan tye del rey, el Infante don Peydro hermano del rey, el Infante don Filipe hermano del rey, el Infante don Alfonso de Portogal vassallo del rey"[1184].� The Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis records the death in Sep 1312 of �Rex Dns Fernandus in Jaen�[1185].� The Cr�nica del Rey Fernando IV records the death in Sep of �el rey don Fernando�[1186].� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Pedro I records that �el Rey Don Ferrando�, father of King Alfonso XI, was buried �en la Iglesia de Santa Maria de Cordoba�[1187].�

Betrothed ([mid-Apr] 1294) to BLANCHE de France, daughter of PHILIPPE IV "le Bel" King of France & his wife Juana I Queen of Navarre (-after [Apr] 1294, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� P�re Anselme names Blanche as daughter of King Philippe IV and says that she was �accord�e par contrat pass� le mardy avant P�ques fleuries 1294 � Ferdinand Infant de Castille�, adding that she died young and was buried near her father[1188].� As noted below, it is unclear why, if Blanche was her father�s third daughter, she was chosen for betrothal to Infante don Fernando in Apr 1294 instead of her presumed older sister Marguerite.� One explanation is confusion in the calendar year of Blanche�s betrothal (O.S.?) and that her betrothal followed Marguerite�s.� Another possibility is confusion in the order of birth of the king�s daughters.�

Betrothed (end Oct 1294) to MARGUERITE de France, daughter of PHILIPPE IV "le Bel" King of France & his wife Juana I Queen of Navarre ([1291/92]-after Nov 1294).� P�re Anselme names Marguerite as eldest daughter of King Philippe IV and says that she �fut promise par trait� pass� avant la f�te de la Toussaints 1294 � Ferdinand IV roy de Castille, mais cela n�eut aucun effet�[1189].� If it is correct that Marguerite was her father�s oldest daughter, it is unclear why she was not betrothed to Infante don Fernando in [Apr] 1294, the date of his betrothal to her supposed younger sister Blanche (unless there was confusion about the year of Blanche�s betrothal and that Marguerite�s betrothal to Fernando preceded hers).� One possibility is confusion in the order of birth of the king�s daughters.�

m (Valladolid 23 Jan 1302) Infanta dona COSTAN�A de Portugal, daughter of DINIZ King of Portugal & his wife Infanta do�a Isabel de Arag�n (3 Jan 1290-Sahagun 18 Nov 1313, bur Valladolid).� The Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis records the marriage in Jan 1302 of �Rex Dns Fernandus in Valleoleti cum Regina Dna Constantia, filia Regis Portugali��[1190].� The Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis records the death in Nov 1313 of �Regina Dna Constantia in Sancto Facundo�[1191].�

King Fernando IV & his wife had [three] children:�

1. Infanta do�a LEONOR de Castilla y Le�n (1307-murdered Castillo de Castrojeriz [Mar/Apr] 1359).� The Cr�nica de San Juan de la Pe�a records the marriage of "infant Don Jayme filio primog�nito del rey Don Jayme" and "el Rey de Castiella�su filla", in a later passage naming her "Alienor" and recording that her husband refused to consummate their marriage[1192].� This marriage was presumably annulled, as shown by the following extract, although confirmation of the annulment has not been found in the primary sources so far consulted.� Edward II King of England appointed proxies for the proposed marriage between �primogenitum filium nostrum Edwardum� and �domicellam Alianoram sororem...Alfonsi...regis Ispani�� by charter dated 6 Feb 1325[1193].� The Cr�nica de San Juan de la Pe�a records the marriage of Alfonso IV King of Aragon and "la filla de Don Ferrando rey de Castiella�Alionor", stating that she had previously been married to "su hermano el infant Don Jayme"[1194].� The Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis records the contract in Jan 1329 for the marriage of �Rex Dns Alfonsus Aragonum cum Infantissa Dna Heleonora filia Regis Castell� Dni Fernandi, in Agreda�[1195].� Her second marriage was arranged as part of Aragon's renewed alliance with Castile, formed with the aim of reconquering Granada.� She became a disruptive influence in Aragon, plotting to advance the interests of her own sons over those of her stepson Infante don Pedro.� After her second husband's death, Pedro IV King of Aragon at first moved to confiscate her revenues and prosecute her protector Pedro de Ej�rica, but in 1338 he confirmed her and her sons in possession of their domains, not wishing to antagonise Castile at a time when Spain was threatened by a new Moorish invasion.� She continued to plot against her stepson, eventually returning to Castile where she was also a disruptive influence.� Her nephew Pedro I "el Cruel" King of Castile imprisoned her with Juana de Lara and ordered her murder.� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Fernando, D. Juan" as the sons of "D. Alonso Rey de Aragon" and his wife "D. Leonor", adding that Juan was "vassallo del Rey D. Pedro de Castilla, que le mato juntamente con la Reina D. Leonor su madre"[1196].� m firstly (Gandesa 18 Oct 1319, unconsummated, presumably annulled) Infante don JAIME de Arag�n, son of JAIME II King of Aragon & his second wife Bianca di Sicilia [Anjou] (1296-Tarragona 20 May 1334).� Procurator General of Catalonia until 1319 when he fled from his wife on their wedding day, and renounced his rights to the throne.� He became a Knight, later Grand Master, of the Order of St John of Jerusalem.� m secondly (Betrothed Agreda Jan 1329, Tarragona 5 Feb 1329) as his second wife, ALFONSO IV "el Benigne" King of Aragon, son of JAIME II King of Aragon & his second wife Blanche di Sicilia [Anjou] (Naples [Jan/Feb] 1299-Barcelona 24 Jan 1336).�

2. [Infanta do�a COSTANZA de Castilla .� Gonz�lez quotes an epitaph at Santo Domingo el Real de Madrid which records the burial of �la Infanta do�a Constan�a, hija del Rey don Fernando, hermana del Rey don Alfonso XI, y tia del Rey don Pedro�[1197].� Florez doubts the credibility of this epitaph (the language indicates it is most likely not contemporary) and says �haviendo yo procurado informarme, he sabido que no hay tal Epitafio�[1198].]�

3. Infante don ALFONSO de Castilla y Le�n (Salamanca 13 Aug 1311-Gibraltar 26 Mar 1350, bur Seville Santa Mar�a, later transferred to C�rdoba Santa Mar�a).� The Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis records the birth in Aug 1311 of �Dns Alfonsus Rex, filius Dni Fernandi in Salmantica�[1199].� He succeeded his father in 1312 as ALFONSO XI "el Justo" King of Castile and Le�n.�

-�� see below.�

�

Infante don ALFONSO de Castilla y Le�n, son of FERNANDO IV "el Ajurno" King of Castile and Le�n & his wife Infanta dona Costan�a de Portugal (Salamanca 13 Aug 1311-Gibraltar 26 Mar 1350, bur Seville Santa Mar�a, later transferred to C�rdoba Santa Mar�a).� The Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis records the birth in Aug 1311 of �Dns Alfonsus Rex, filius Dni Fernandi in Salmantica�[1200].� The Cr�nica del Rey Fernando IV records the birth 13 Aug of �[el] infante don Alfonso su fijo primero heredero� to �la reina do�a Constanza�, dated to 1311[1201].� He succeeded his father in 1312 as ALFONSO XI "el Justo" King of Castile and Le�n.� The cartulary of Tulle St Martin records the confirmation by "don Alfonso�rey de Castiella�" of donations made by his father on the advice of "la reyna dona maria nostra avuela et del Infant don Johan et del Infant don Pedro nuestros tios", dated 1318, subscribed by "D Johan fijo del Infant don Manuel mayordomo mayor del rey et adelantado del regno de Murcia, D Ferando fijo del Infant don Fernando, D Johan fijo del Infant don Johan, D Johan Alfonso de Haro senor de los Camos, D Ferrando fijo de don Diego, D Alfonso Tellez de Molina, D Ferrant Roys de Saldana, D Diego Gomes de Castaneda, D garci Ferrans de Villa mayor, D Lope de Mendo�a, D Pedro Malrique, D Johan Remirez de Guzina, Don Beltran Yanos de Onate, D Roys Dios de Finojosa, D Johan de Castaneda, D Nuno Nunet de A�a, D Gon�alo fijo de don G Yans de Aguilar, D Roys Gon�als Ma�anedo, D Per Anitians de Harana, D Lope Roys de Bae�a, Gargilasso de la Vega merino mayor del rey en Castiella, El Infant don Felippe tio del rey et senor de Cabrera et de Ribera et partignero mayor de terra de Sant Yaguo�Don Garci Florens maestre de la cavalleria de la orden de Sant Iago, D Suer--- maestre de Alcantara, D Pedro Ferrans de Castro, D Ferrant--- Pons, D Gutierre, D Roy Gil de Villalobos, D Rodrigo de Villalobos, D Rodrig Alvarez de Asturias, D Diego Remirez, D Johan Arias de Asturias, Johan Alvarez Osoyro merino mayor de terra de Leon et de Asturias, Garci Rodrigues de Val carcel merino mayor de Gallisia, Johan Rodriguez de Roias algauzil mazor de casa del rey, Alfonso Joffre almirante mayor del rey en la mar, Diego Garci de Sotomayor notario mayor del regno de Leon, Ferrant Gomez notario mayor del rey en el regno de Toledo�"[1202].� The Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis records that �Dns Joannes filius Infantis Dni Emmanuelis et Dns Joannes filius Infantis Dni Joannis� renounced their tutorship over King Alfonso XI in Aug 1325[1203].� He led the resistance to the invasion by Abu al-Hassan, Marinid Sultan of Morocco, defeating the Sultan at the battle of the river Salado 1340.� His siege of Algeciras followed 1342-1344, supported by knights from all western Europe, which put an end to Marinid expansion.� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos records that King Alfonso XI died "Mancebo" and was buried "en Sevilla"[1204].� He died of the plague during the siege of Gibraltar.� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Pedro I records that King Alfonso XI died at Gibraltar �por la pestilencia� 26 Mar 1350, and in a later passage his burial in Seville �en la capilla de los Reyes�, adding that his body was later transferred to �la Iglesia de Santa Maria de Cordoba, en la capilla d� yacia el Rey Don Ferrando su padre�[1205].�

m firstly (Valladolid 28 Nov 1325, annulled 1327) as her first husband, CONSTANZA Manuel, daughter of JUAN Manuel de Castilla Se�or de Villena, Escalona y Pe�afiel & his second wife Infanta do�a Constanza de Arag�n ([1323]-Santarem 13 Nov 1345, bur Santarem San Francisco).� The Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis records the marriage in Nov 1325 of the king and �Regina Dna Constantia, filia�Dni Joannis filii Infantis Dni Emmanuelis� in Valladolid[1206].� She married secondly (24 Aug 1339) Pedro I "o Justiceiro" King of Portugal.�

m secondly (contract 26 Mar 1327, Alfayete Sep 1328) his first cousin, Infanta dona MARIA de Portugal, daughter of AFONSO IV King of Portugal & his wife Infanta do�a Beatriz de Castilla (1313-poisoned Evora 18 Jan 1357, bur Seville).� The Livro Velho names "a rainha D. Maria e a infante D. Leonor" as the daughters of King Alfonso IV and his wife, adding that Maria married "elrei D. Affonso de Castella filho delrey D. Fernando e da raynha D. Constan�a"[1207].� The marriage contract of �D. Alfon�o...Rey de Castiella...� and �Don Alfonso...Rey de Portugal...la Iffante Do�a Maria fija� is dated 26 Mar 1327[1208].� The Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis records the marriage in Sep 1328 of� the king and �filia Regis Portugali� consanguinea�dispensatione Pap��[1209].� The testament of �Do�a Maria...Reyna de Castiella y de Leon�, dated 8 Nov 1351, chose burial �en la Iglesia mayor de Sevilla� next to her husband, made bequests to �El Rey mi fijo�[1210].� The codicil of �Donna Beatriz...Raynha de Portugal�, dated 27 Dec 1354, amending her testament dated 21 Mar 1349, made bequests to �Raynha de Castella minha filha...Raynha de Aragon minha filha...�[1211].� The Chronicon Conimbricensi records the death 18 Jan 1357 of �Reyna Domna Maria de Castella, mulher del Rey D. Alfonso de Castella, � filha do�Rey Dom Alfonso de Portugal � da Reyna Do�a Beatris� in �la Cidade de Ebora� and her burial at Seville[1212].�

Mistress (1): LEONOR de Guzm�n Se�ora de Medina Sidonia, widow of JUAN S�nchez de Velasco, daughter of PEDRO N��ez de Guzman & his wife Mar�a Gir�n (1310-murdered Seville 1351).� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "Alonso Mendez de Guzman Maestre de Santiago, D. Leonor Nu�ez de Guzman" as the children of "D. Pedro Nu�ez de Guzman" and his wife "D. Maria que fue de los Girones", an earlier passage naming "D. Leonor Nu�ez de Guzman" as the mother of "Conde D. Enrique de Trastamar", son of Alfonso XI King of Castile[1213].� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Pedro I records that, during the journey from Gibraltar to Seville, the body of King Alfonso XI stopped with �Do�a Leonor de Guzman� at Medina Sidonia[1214].� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Pedro I records that �Don Juan Nu�ez de Lara Se�or de Vizcaya� protected �Do�a Leonor de Guzman� at Medina Sidonia in 1350, but in a later passage that she was imprisoned when she arrived at Seville[1215].� Her imprisonment can be dated to before 16 Jul 1350, the date of a charter which records that �Don Alfonso Mendez, Maestre de Santiago� had taken from Ucles �el sello de Cabildo de la Orden� which, after his death at Algeciras, was taken by �Do�a Leonor de Guzman su hermana� with permission of King Alfonso XI, the document recording her subsequent arrest and imprisonment[1216].� She was murdered on the orders of King Pedro.�

King Alfonso XI & his second wife had two children:

1. Infante don FERNANDO de Castilla y Le�n (Valladolid 1332-Toro [8 Feb/22 Sep] 1333). The Cr�nica del Rey Alfonso XI records the birth in Valladolid of �[el] Infante fijo primero heredero...Don Fernando�, in 1332 from the context[1217].� The Cr�nica del Rey Alfonso XI records that the king received news from Toro (where he had been sent to be brought up) of the death of �[el] Infante Don Fernando su fijo primero heredero�, dated to 1333 from the context[1218].�

2. Infante don PEDRO de Castilla y Le�n (Burgos 30 Aug [1333/34]-murdered Montiel 22 Mar 1369, bur Seville Cathedral).� The Cr�nica del Rey Alfonso XI records the birth 31 Aug at Burgos of �un fijo varon...Don Pedro� to �la Reyna Do�a Maria�, 1334 from the context although the text specifies 1333[1219].� He succeeded his father in 1350 as PEDRO I "el Cruel" King of Castile and Le�n.� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Pedro I records that �[el] Infante Don Pedro su fijo primero legitimo heredero, fijo de la Reyna Do�a Maria su muger, fija del Rey Don Alfonso de Portugal� succeeded as king after the death of his father[1220].� His reign was marred by conflicts due to the bitter enmity he felt towards his half-brothers, the illegitimate sons of Leonor de Guzm�n, and in particular Enrique de Trast�mara, who rebelled against him.� Pedro also incurred the enmity of France, who supported Enrique, as a result of his repudiation of his French wife.� Pedro IV King of Aragon also supported Enrique de Trast�mara, declaring war on Castile 8 Aug 1356, a conflict which continued until the Peace of Tener 13/14 May 1361.� Enrique invaded Castile with French support in May 1363, capturing Valencia Apr 1364.� A further invasion followed in March 1366.� Enrique made rapid gains, reducing Pedro's area of control in Castile to Galicia, Cantabria and some areas adjacent to the border with Arag�n.� Pedro fled to Portugal with his daughters, but after joining English troops led by the Black Prince at Libourne in September 1366 he returned to defeat Enrique at N�jera 3 Apr 1367.� Enrique's forces regrouped and invaded yet again end-1367, conquering Le�n 15 Jan 1368.� Pedro was weakened by loss of support from England, and Enrique finally defeated Pedro at Montiel in March 1369.� Although Pedro escaped after the battle, he was killed soon after by Enrique's commander-in-chief Bertrand Du Guesclin.� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Pedro I records that King Pedro died 23 Mar 1369 at Montiel[1221].� Betrothed (contract 2 Jan 1345) to JOAN of England, daughter of EDWARD III King of England & his wife Philippa de Hainaut (Woodstock Palace, Oxfordshire [Feb] [1333/35]-Loremo, Bordeaux of the Black Death 2 Sep 1348, bur Loremo or Bordeaux or Bayonne Cathedral).� The marriage contract between �Alfonso...Castell� Rege...consanguineo nostro...primogenitum dicti regis� and �Rex...Johannam filiam nostram� by charter dated 2 Jan 1345[1222].� King Edward III wrote a series of letters relating to the same betrothal dated 30 Aug 1345[1223].� King Edward III appointed proxies to ratify the marriage contract between �rege Castell�...consanguineum nostrum primogenitum dicti regis� and �Johannam filiam nostram� by charter dated 17 Mar 1345 (O.S.)[1224].� A charter dated 1 Jan 1348 notified �Alfonso...Castell�...Regi� of arrangements made for the journey of �Edwardus...[rex]...Johannam filiam nostram� to Gascony for her marriage to �primogenito vestro Petro�[1225].� A charter dated 15 Sep 1348 notified �Alfonso...Castell�...Regi� of the death of �Johannam filiam nostris...Burdegalis�[1226].� Betrothed (contract 1 Jul 1345, contract terminated before 1348) to Infanta do�a BLANCA de Navarra, daughter of FELIPE III �el Bueno� [d�Evreux] King of Navarre & his wife Juana II [de France] Queen of Navarre ([1331]-Ch�teau de Neaufles-Saint-Martin, Eure 5 Oct 1398, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� The dates of documents which relate to Pedro de Castilla�s betrothal to Joan of England suggest that his betrothal to Blanca de Navarra may have been an alternative, probably short-lived, agreement presumably arranged at a time when relations with England were not proceeding well and that it was soon terminated.� m (contract 1351, by proxy Abbaye de Preuilly 9 Jul 1352 in person Valladolid 3 Jun 1353, purportedly divorced 1354) BLANCHE de Bourbon, daughter of PIERRE I Duc de Bourbon Comte de Clermont et de La Marche & his wife Isabelle de Valois (end 1339-poisoned Medina Sidonia [14 May/31 Jul] 1361).� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Pedro I records the negotiations for the marriage of King Pedro and �[la fija] del...Duque de Borbon...Do�a Blanca� in 1351, the king�s request for her to be sent to him in 1353, her arrival at Valladolid 25 Feb, preparations for their marriage (adding that Blanche was then 16 years old), and the marriage �en Sancta Maria la nueva de Valladolid� 3 Jun 1353[1227].� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Pedro I records that King Pedro sent �la Reyna Do�a Blanca de Borbon su muger� to Toledo and placed her �en el Alcazar de la dicha cibdad� in 1354, and in a later passage records that she was transferred to Siguenza in 1355[1228].� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Pedro I records that King Pedro in 1354 declared that ��l lo mostraria que con derecho se podia partir de la...Do�a Blanca, � que non era su muger� in order to marry �Do�a Juana de Castro...�, persuaded �los Obispos Don Sancho de Avila � Don Juan de Salamanca...con muy grande miedo� to proclaim that �el casamiento que el Rey ficiera con Do�a Blanca de Borbon era ninguno�, and then married Juana �en la...villa de Cuellar� but left her �otro dia...� nunca vi� jamas � la dicha Do�a Juana de Castro�[1229].� Pope Innocent VI reprimanded the bishops and ordered the king to return to Blanche de Bourbon[1230].� She was murdered 8 years later on his orders: Ayala�s Cr�nica de Pedro I records the death while a prisoner in Medina Sidonia in 1361 of �la Reyna Do�a Blanca de Borbon�, poisoned on the orders of the king, aged 25[1231].� Mistress (1) (from 1352, supposedly married in secret at the time, made public 1362) MAR�A de Padilla, daughter of JUAN Garc�a de Padilla Se�or de Villagera & his wife Mar�a Gonz�lez de Henestrosa (-Seville Jul 1361, bur Santa Clara de Escudillo, transferred 1362 to Seville Santa Mar�a).� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Pedro I records that King Pedro �a Gij�n� took �Do�a Maria de Padilla...una doncella muy fermosa�, went �en casa de Do�a Isabel de Meneses muger de Don Juan Alfonso de Alburquerque� and that �Juan Ferrandez de Henestrosa su tio, hermano de Do�a Maria Gonzalez su madre� took her to �Sant Fagund�, in 1352[1232].� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Pedro I records the death �en Sevilla de su dolencia� in Jul 1361 of �Do�a Maria de Padilla� and her burial �al su Monasterio de Sancta Clara de Estudillo�[1233].� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Pedro I records that, after her death, the king announced to �sus Cortes...en Sevilla� that he �se avia desposado por palabras de presente con Do�a Maria de Padilla� in the presence of �Don Diego Garcia de Padilla Maestre de Calatrava hermano de la dicha Do�a Maria...Juan Ferrandez de Henestrosa tio de la dicha Do�a Maria...Juan Alfonso de Mayorga su Chanciller del sello de la poridad � su Escribano...Juan P�rez de Ordu�a Abad de Santander � su Capellan mayor�, all of whom swore to the truth of the king�s assertion, and that this had taken place before he married Blanche de Bourbon who had therefore never been his lawful wife[1234].� With today�s hindsight, the king�s declaration does not appear credible, supported as it was by two close relatives of Mar�a and by two advisers of the king who would have feared for their lives in case of disobedience.� Two other points also seem relevant.� Firstly, the king waited until after the deaths of both Mar�a herself and Blanche de Bourbon, who would have known the truth of the situation, before making his declaration.� Secondly, the issue was never raised at the time of the king�s purported marriage to Juana de Castro in 1354 (see below), when he was only concerned about divorcing Blanche de Bourbon.� Nevertheless, after the death of King Pedro, there must have been sufficient indications about the legitimacy of his children by Mar�a for the two English princes to have married her two surviving daughters, and for King Enrique III of Castile to have later married the sole heiress of the older daughter in order to close the chapter of the English challenge to his rule.� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Pedro I records that, after this announcement the body of Mar�a de Padilla was transferred to �Sevilla...en la capilla de los Reyes...en la Iglesia de Sancta Maria�[1235].� Mistress (2) ([1354]) JUANA de Castro, daughter of PEDRO Fern�ndez de Castro ��l de la Guerra�, Se�or de Lemos, Monforte y Sarria & his second wife Isabel Ponce de Le�n (-Galicia 21 Aug 1374).� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Pedro I records that King Pedro in 1354 declared that ��l lo mostraria que con derecho se podia partir de la...Do�a Blanca, � que non era su muger� in order to marry �Do�a Juana de Castro fija de Don Pedro de Castro que decian de la Guerra...muger que fuera de Don Diego de Haro fijo de Don Lope de Haro � nieto de Don Diego Se�or de Vizcaya...�, persuaded �los Obispos Don Sancho de Avila � Don Juan de Salamanca...con muy grande miedo� to proclaim that �el casamiento que el Rey ficiera con Do�a Blanca de Borbon era ninguno�, and then married Juana �en la...villa de Cuellar� but left her �otro dia...� nunca vi� jamas � la dicha Do�a Juana de Castro�[1236].� Pope Innocent VI reprimanded the bishops and ordered the king to return to Blanche de Bourbon[1237].� The testament of �Don Pedro...Rey de Castilla, de Leon...�, dated 18 Nov 1362, names his three daughters by Mar�a de Padilla as his heirs, and in default �Don Juan mi fijo � de Do�a Juana de Castro�[1238].� Mistress (3): MAR�A de Henestrosa, daughter of JUAN Fern�ndez de Henestrosa & his wife ---.� Florez refers to (without a precise citation reference) a document in the archives of the Duques de Medina Sidonia, dated 1361, which names �D. Fernando fijo de nuestro Se�or el Rey y de Do�a Maria de Hinestrosa su madre�[1239].� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Pedro I records that the king took �Do�a Maria Gonz�lez de Henestrosa, muger de Garci-Laso Carrillo hermano [de]...Gomez Carrillo�, dated to 1359 from the context[1240].� It is not known whether this passage refers to the same person.� Mistress (4): TERESA de Ayala, daughter of DIEGO G�mez de Ayala Se�or de Casarrubios & his wife In�s de Ayala (-31 Aug 1424).� Florez records a donation made to Santo Domingo el Real by �Do�a Ines de Ayala� which names �Maria mi nieta fija del Rey D. Pedro...de mi fija Do�a Teresa, Priora...de las Sorores de Santo Domingo el Real�, dated 15 Jun 1395[1241].� Prioress of Santo Domingo el Real.� An epitaph in Santo Domingo el Real records the death 31 Aug 1424 of �Do�a Teresa de Ayala, Priora deste Monasterio, hija de D. Diego Gomez de Ayala, Alcalde Mayor de Toledo, y de Do�a Ines de Ayala�[1242].� Mistress (5): ALDONZA Coronel, wife of �LVARO P�rez de Guzm�n Se�or de Olvera, daughter of ALFONSO Fern�ndez Coronel Se�or de Aguilar & his wife Elvira de Biedma.� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Pedro I records that �Don Juan de la Cerda fijo de Don Luis � Don Alvar Perez de Guzman Se�or de Olvera� defected from King Pedro I in 1357 and went to Andaluc�a, triggered because the king wished to take �la muger de Don Alvar Perez, que era Do�a Aldonza Coronel fija de Don Alfonso Ferrandez Coronel, hermana que era de Do�a Maria Coronel muger del dicho Don Juan de Cerda�[1243].� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Pedro I records that in 1358 King Pedro captured �Do�a Aldonza Coronel...� from �[el] Monasterio de Sancta Clara� in Seville, adding that they had met when she had sought a royal pardon for her husband during a truce in the war between Castile and Aragon, and placed her �en la Torre del Oro, que es en la tarazana�[1244].� Mistress (6): ([1362]) ISABEL de Sandoval, daughter of ---.� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Pedro I records the birth in Sep 1363 �en Alamazan� of �un fijo de una due�a que tenia que decian Do�a Isabel...Don Sancho�, adding that the king wished the child to be his heir and that he would marry the child�s mother[1245].� King Pedro I had four illegitimate children by Mistress (1), declared legitimate and granted the title infante/infanta after the king�s declaration of his marriage to Mar�a de Padilla in 1362.� There appears little reason to doubt the illegitimacy of these children, given the lack of credibility attached to the king�s declaration, as discussed above.�

a) [Infanta] do�a BEATRIZ de Castilla y Le�n (Cordoba 1353-Tordesillas 1369).� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Pedro I records the birth in �la cibdad de Cordoba� in 1353 of �Do�a Beatriz su fija, la qual ovo en Do�a Maria de Padilla�, adding that her father granted her �los castillos de Montalvan, � Capilla, � Buguillos, � el lugar de Mondejar, � Yuncos, que fueran de Don Alfonso Ferrandez Coronel�[1246].� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Pedro I records that, after the death of their brother Alfonso, the right of the king�s three daughters �para heredar los Regnos de Castilla � de Leon, cada una en sucesion de la otra� was recognised in early 1363[1247].� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Pedro I records the Aragonese proposal in 1363 for the marriage of �la Infanta Do�a Beatriz fija del Rey Don Pedro � de Do�a Maria de Padilla� and �el Infante Don Juan fijo primog�nito del Rey de Aragon...Duque de Girona�, rejected by King Pedro[1248].� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Pedro I records the betrothal in 1366 of �la Infanta Do�a Beatriz� and �el Infante Don Ferrando fijo del Rey Don Pedro de Portogal�[1249].� Nun at the Abbey of Santa Clara at Tordesillas.� Betrothed (1366) to Infante dom FERNANDO de Portugal, son of PEDRO I "o Justiceiro" King of Portugal & his second wife Constanza Manuel (Santarem 31 Oct 1345-Lisbon 29 Oct 1383, bur Santarem S�o Francisco).� He succeeded his father in 1367 as Fernando I King of Portugal.�

b) [Infanta] do�a CONSTANZA de Castilla y Le�n (Castrojeriz [Jun/Jul] 1354-Leicester Castle 24 Mar 1394, bur Newark Abbey, Leicester).� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Pedro I records that the king heard news in Jul 1354 of the birth of �una fija de Do�a Maria de Padilla...Do�a Constanza� in �la villa de Castro Xeriz�, adding that she later married �el Duque de Alencastre� and that their daughter �la Reyna Do�a Catalina...es agora muger del Rey Don Enrique�[1250].� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Pedro I records that, after the death of their brother Alfonso, the right of the king�s three daughters �para heredar los Regnos de Castilla � de Leon, cada una en sucesion de la otra� was recognised in early 1363[1251].� A late 15th century/early 16th century manuscript records that �Johannes Gaunt Dux Lancastrie et quartus filius Edward III� married secondly �Constanciam filiam regis Hispaniarum�[1252].� She succeeded her father in 1369 as de iure Queen of Castile.� m (Roquefort, Guyenne 21 Sep 1371) as his second wife, JOHN of Gaunt Duke of Lancaster, son of EDWARD III King of England & his wife Philippa de Hainaut (St Bavon�s Abbey, Ghent [Feb/Mar] 1340-[Leicester Castle or Ely Place, Holborn, London] 3/4 Feb 1399, bur Old St Paul�s Cathedral, London).� He claimed the throne of Castile by right of his wife.�

c) [Infanta] do�a ISABEL de Castilla y Le�n (Tordesillas 1355-23 Dec 1292, bur 14 Jan 1393 King�s Langley, Hertfordshire, Church of the Dominican Friars).� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Pedro I records the birth �en Oterdesillas� in 1355 of �una fija de Do�a Maria de Padilla...Do�a Isabel, que cas� despues con Mosen Aymon fijo del Rey Eduarte de Inglaterra...despues Duque de Yort�[1253].� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Pedro I records that, after the death of their brother Alfonso, the right of the king�s three daughters �para heredar los Regnos de Castilla � de Leon, cada una en sucesion de la otra� was recognised in early 1363[1254].� A late 15th century/early 16th century manuscript records that �Edmundo Langley duci Ebor fratri...Johannis ducis Lancastrie� married �Henricus rex Hispaniarum...tertia filia�[1255].� The will of "Isabel Duchess of York, Countess of Cambridge", proved 6 Jan 1392, bequeathed property to �the King...the Duke of Lancaster...Edward Earl of Rutland my son...Constance le Despencer my daughter...the duchess of Gloucester...Richard my son�[1256].� m ([Hertford Castle] [1 Jan/30 Apr] 1372) EDMUND of Langley Duke of York, son of EDWARD III King of England & his wife Philippa de Hainaut (Abbot�s Langley, Hertfordshire 5 Jun 1341-King�s Langley, Hertfordshire 1 Aug 1402, bur King�s Langley, Church of the Mendicant Friars).�

d) [Infante] don ALFONSO de Castilla y Le�n (Tordesillas 1359-[Seville] 19 Oct 1362).� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Pedro I records the birth �� Oterdesillas� in 1359 of �un fijo...Don Alfonso� to the king and �Do�a Maria de Padilla�[1257].� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Pedro I records that, after the king�s announcement in 1362 about his marriage to Mar�a de Padilla, �Don Alfonso su fijo� was declared �Infante heredero�[1258].� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Pedro I records the death 18 Oct 1362 of �Infante Don Alfonso� a few days after the king arrived in Seville (although the passage does not state explicitly that Alfonso died in Seville)[1259].�

King Pedro I had one illegitimate child by Mistress (2):

e) [Infante] don JUAN de Castilla ([Jan] 1355-Soria 1405, bur Soria San Pedro, transferred to Madrid Santo Domingo el Real).� The testament of �Don Pedro...Rey de Castilla, de Leon...�, dated 18 Nov 1362, names his three daughters by Mar�a de Padilla as his heirs, and in default �Don Juan mi fijo � de Do�a Juana de Castro�[1260].� An epitaph in Santo Domingo el Real, Madrid records the burial of �Se�or Don Juan hijo del...Rey Don Pedro...e tres fijos suyos. Su vida e fin fue en prisiones en la ciudad de Soria.� Fue enterrado por madado del Rey Don Enrrique en San Pedro de la misma ciudad. Traslados a XXIV de Deziembre de XLII a�os aqui en esta sepultura soror Do�a Costanza su hija priora deste Monasterio�[1261].� m ELVIRA de Eril, daughter of BELTRAN de Eril & his wife Magdalena de Falces.� Juan & his wife had four children:�

i) PEDRO de Castilla (-Valladolid 28 Apr 1461).� Bishop of Osma and Palencia.� Mistress (1): ISABEL Drochelin, daughter of ---.� Mistress (2): MAR�A Fern�ndez Bernal, daughter of ---.� Mistress (3): ---.� The name of the third mistress of Bishop Pedro de Castilla is not known.� Pedro had four illegitimate children by Mistress (1):

(a) ALONSO de Castilla "el Santo".� Legitimated 30 Dec 1450.� Se�or del Mayorazgo de Valladolid.� m (Valladolid) JUANA de Z��iga Se�ora de Villavaquer�n, daughter of DIEGO L�pez de Z��iga Conde de Nieva & his wife dona Leonor Ni�o de Portugal Se�ora de Valverde y Villavaquer�n.�

-�� CASTILLA en ANDALUCIA[1262].�

(b) LUIS de Castilla (-1506).� Prior of Aroche.�

(d) ALDONZA de Castilla.� m RODRIGO de Ulloa Se�or de la Mota.�

Pedro had three illegitimate children by Mistress (2):

(e) SANCHO de Castilla.� Legitimated 1450.� Se�or de Herrera de Valdeca�as.� Se�or de Gor 1503.� m BEATRIZ Enr�quez, daughter of JUAN Hurtado de Mendoza Se�or de Almaz�n & his wife In�s Enr�quez.�

-�� CASTILLA, SE�ORES de GOR[1263].�

(f) CATALINA de Castilla.� m DIEGO de Rojas Manrique Se�or de Poza.�

(g) CONSTANZA de Castilla.� A nun.�

Pedro had one illegitimate child by an unknown mistress:�

(h) PEDRO de Castilla.� m as her second husband, CATALINA Lasso de Mendoza, repudiated wife of LUIS II de La Cerda [Foix] Duque de Medinaceli, daughter of PEDRO Lasso de Mendoza Marqu�s de Santill�n & his wife Juana Carrillo.�

-�� LASSO de CASTILLA[1264].��

ii) two other sons .� An epitaph in Santo Domingo el Real, Madrid records the burial of �Se�or Don Juan hijo del...Rey Don Pedro...e tres fijos suyos. Su vida e fin fue en prisiones en la ciudad de Soria.� Fue enterrado por madado del Rey Don Enrrique en San Pedro de la misma ciudad. Traslados a XXIV de Deziembre de XLII a�os aqui en esta sepultura soror Do�a Costanza su hija priora deste Monasterio�[1265].�

iii) CONSTANZA de Castilla (-Madrid 1478).� An epitaph in Santo Domingo el Real, Madrid records the burial of �Se�or Don Juan hijo del...Rey Don Pedro...e tres fijos suyos. Su vida e fin fue en prisiones en la ciudad de Soria.� Fue enterrado por madado del Rey Don Enrrique en San Pedro de la misma ciudad. Traslados a XXIV de Deziembre de XLII a�os aqui en esta sepultura soror Do�a Costanza su hija priora deste Monasterio�[1266].� Nun at Santo Domingo el Real de Madrid.� Gonz�lez reproduces an epitaph at Santo Domingo el Real de Madrid which records the death in 1478 and burial of �la...religiosa se�ora do�a Constan�a de Castilla, hija del Infante don Juan y nieta del rey don Pedro...Monja professa desta Casa y Priora della muchos a�os�[1267].�

King Pedro I had one illegitimate child by Mistress (3):

f) FERNANDO de Castilla (before 9 Jan 1361-young).� Florez refers to (without a precise citation reference) a document in the archives of the Duques de Medina Sidonia, dated 1361, which names �D. Fernando fijo de nuestro Se�or el Rey y de Do�a Maria de Hinestrosa su madre�[1268].� Se�or de Niebla.

King Pedro I had one illegitimate child by Mistress (4):

g) MAR�A de Castilla (-Toledo 17 Sep 1424).� Florez records a donation made to Santo Domingo el Real by �Do�a Ines de Ayala� which names �Maria mi nieta fija del Rey D. Pedro...de mi fija Do�a Teresa, Priora...de las Sorores de Santo Domingo el Real�, dated 15 Jun 1395[1269].� Nun at Santo Domingo el Real.� An epitaph in Santo Domingo el Real records the death 17 Sep 1424 of �Do�a Maria, hija...del...Rey D. Pedro...monja en este monasterio�[1270].�

King Pedro I had two illegitimate children by Mistress (6):�

h) SANCHO de Castilla y Sandoval (Alamazan Sep 1363-before 1448).� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Pedro I records the birth in Sep 1363 �en Alamazan� of �un fijo de una due�a que tenia que decian Do�a Isabel...Don Sancho�, adding that the king wished the child to be his heir and that he would marry the child�s mother[1271].� Se�or de Almaz�n.

i) DIEGO de Castilla y Sandoval ([1364/66]-).�� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Pedro I names �Don Sancho �...Don Diego� as the sons of King Pedro and �una Due�a que estaba en su casa�, born after the death of Mar�a de Padilla[1272].� m ISABEL de Salazar, daughter of GONZALO de Salazar & his wife ---.� Diego & his wife had three children:�

i) PEDRO de Castilla "el Viejo".� m BEATRIZ de Fonseca y Ulloa, daughter of JUAN ALFONSO de Ulloa & his wife Beatriz de Fonseca.� Pedro & his wife had one child:�

(a) PEDRO de Castilla "el Mozo".� Mistress (1): Infanta dona JUANA de Portugal, wife of ENRIQUE IV "el Impotente" King of Castile and Le�n, daughter of DUARTE King of Portugal & his wife Infante do�a Leonor de Arag�n (posthumously Monte Oliveto near Almada-Tojal [20] Mar 1439-Madrid 12 Dec 1475, bur Madrid).� Pedro had two illegitimate children by Mistress (1):�

(1) ANDRES de Castilla .� m MENC�A de Qui�ones de Banares, daughter of JUAN de Banares & his wife Beatriz de Qui�ones.� Their descendants bore the surname "de Castilla y Portugal".�

-�� CASTILLA de GUADALAJARA[1273].��

(2) PEDRO de Castilla .�

ii) MARIA de Castilla .� m (1434) GOME Carrillo de Acu�a Se�or de Pinto.�

iii) ISABEL de Castilla .� m GONZALO de Guzm�n Conde Palatino Se�or de Torija, Galindo y Gelves (-after 18 Sep 1456).�

King Alfonso XI had ten illegitimate children by Mistress (1) (the dates of birth of these children must be considered approximate, as the Cr�nica del Rey Alfonso XI in which their births are recorded appears to be about two years early in its dating of all events):�

3. PEDRO Alfonso (Valladolid 1330-Guadalajara 1338).� The Cr�nica del Rey Alfonso XI records the birth of �Don Pedro fijo del Rey et de Do�a Leonor� at Valladolid in 1330[1274].� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Pedro I names �Don Pedro Se�or de Aguilar� and �Don Sancho el mudo� as sons of King Alfonso XI and �Do�a Leonor de Guzman� who died �seyendo ni�os en vida del Rey Don Alfonso�[1275].� Se�or de Aguilar de Campo Li�bana y Pernia:� �...D. Pedro, fijo del Rey, e se�or de Aguilar, Don Sancho, fijo del Rey, e se�or de Ledesma...� subscribed the charter dated 16 Sep 1333 under which King Alfonso XI confirmed the privileges of the convent of C�rdoba[1276].�

4. SANCHO Alfonso ([1332]-before 1342).� The Cr�nica del Rey Alfonso XI records the birth in Valladolid of �otro fijo de Do�a Leonor...Don Sancho�, in 1332 from the context, adding that he was granted �el se�or�o de Ledesma�[1277].� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Pedro I names �Don Pedro Se�or de Aguilar� and �Don Sancho el mudo� as sons of King Alfonso XI and �Do�a Leonor de Guzman� who died �seyendo ni�os en vida del Rey Don Alfonso�[1278].� Se�or de Ledesma: �...D. Pedro, fijo del Rey, e se�or de Aguilar, Don Sancho, fijo del Rey, e se�or de Ledesma...� subscribed the charter dated 16 Sep 1333 under which King Alfonso XI confirmed the privileges of the convent of C�rdoba[1279].� The Cr�nica del Rey Alfonso XI records that �Don Sancho� was �sin entendimiento� and that the king therefore removed from him �el se�or�o de Ledesma� which he granted to his brother �Don Fernando su fijo�[1280].�

5. ENRIQUE Alfonso (Seville 13 Jan [1334]-Santo Domingo de la Calzada 29 May 1379, bur Burgos Santa Mar�a).� Twin with his brother Fadrique: the Cr�nica del Rey Alfonso XI records the birth 13 Jan in Seville of �Don Enrique et Don Fadrique fijos del Rey et de Do�a Leonor�[1281].� Se�or de Noro�a y de Cabrera: �...D. Enrique, fijo del Rey, y se�or de Noro�a y de Cabrera...� subscribed the charter dated 27 Jan 1343 under which King Alfonso XI confirmed the privileges of the convent of San Augustin de Due�as[1282].� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Pedro I names �Don Enrique Conde de Trastamara � Don Fadrique Maestre de Santiago su hermano� as the sons of King Alfonso XI and �Do�a Leonor de Guzman� who accompanied their father�s body for burial at Seville[1283].� He led a long and bitter campaign against his half-brother, who had murdered his mother.� His army, under Bertrand Du Guesclin, defeated Pedro I who fled to Portugal in early 1366.� Enrique was crowned King at Burgos 29 Mar 1366.� However, Pedro returned and with English support (led by the Black Prince) at the battle of N�jera 3 Apr 1367 defeated Enrique who in turn fled to France.� Enrique regrouped with Papal support and the army of the Comte de Foix, conquered Le�n 15 Jan 1368, and won his final victory at Montiel in Mar 1369.� Du Guesclin murdered Pedro I soon after, and Enrique proclaimed himself as ENRIQUE II "�l de las Mercedes" King of Castile and Le�n at Calahorra.� Crowned at Las Huelgas.� He restored order to the country, was magnanimous to his opponents, and carried out numerous reforms.� He distributed lands to his supporters, laying the foundation for the development of the Spanish nobility.�

-�� see Chapter 5.� KINGS of CASTILE & LE�N (TRAST�MARA).�

6. FADRIQUE Alfonso (Seville 13 Jan [1334]-murdered Alc�zar de Sevilla 29 May 1358).� Twin with his brother Enrique: the Cr�nica del Rey Alfonso XI records the birth 13 Jan in Seville of �Don Enrique et Don Fadrique fijos del Rey et de Do�a Leonor�[1284].� Grand Master of the Order of Santiago 1342.� �...D. Fadrique, fijo del Rey, y Maestre de la Cavalleria de la Orden de Santiago...� subscribed the charter dated 27 Jan 1343 under which King Alfonso XI confirmed the privileges of the convent of San Augustin de Due�as[1285].� Se�or de Haro.� Adelantado mayor de la Frontera de Andaluc�a, until 1350.� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Pedro I names �Don Enrique Conde de Trastamara � Don Fadrique Maestre de Santiago su hermano� as the sons of King Alfonso XI and �Do�a Leonor de Guzman� who accompanied their father�s body for burial at Seville[1286].� Camarero mayor of Pedro I King of Castile 1354.� Maestre de Santiago.� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Pedro I records the circumstances of the murder of �Don Fadrique su hermano Maestre de Santiago� in Seville in 1358[1287].� Fadrique had two illegitimate children by CONSTANZA de Angulo, daughter of ---.�

a) LEONOR de Castilla.� m DIEGO G�mez Sarmiento, son of ---.� Marshal of Castile.�

b) PEDRO de Castilla ([1355]-Orense 2 May 1400, bur San Francisco de Lugo).� Conde de Trast�mara, Lemos y Sarr�a.� Condestable of Castile 1391 until his death.� He formed the League of Lillo, together with his cousins Leonor Queen of Navarre and Fadrique de Castilla Duque de Benavente, against Enrique III King of Castile.� m (1385) ISABEL de Castro, daughter of �LVARO de Castro Conde de Arroyolos, Se�or de Cadaval y Ferreira [Condestable de Portugal] & his wife Mar�a Ponce de Le�n.� Pedro & his wife had seven children:�

i) FADRIQUE de Castilla ([1388]-Pe�afiel 1430).� Duque de Arjona.� Conde de Trast�mara, Lemos y Sarria.� m ALDONZA de Mendoza, daughter of DIEGO Hurtado de Mendoza Senor de Hita y Buitrago & his first wife Mar�a de Castilla.

ii) ENRIQUE de Castilla.� Enrique had one illegitimate child by an unknown mistress:�

(a) PEDRO Enr�quez.� Bishop of Mononedo.

iii) ALONSO de Castilla.

iv) FERNANDO de Castilla.

v) CONSTANZA de Castilla.

vi) LUIS de Castilla.

vii) BEATRIZ de Castilla (1398-1455).� m firstly DIEGO L�pez D�valos (-before 1430).� m secondly (1430) PEDRO Alv�rez Osorio Conde de Lemos, Se�or de Cabrera y Ribera.�

Fadrique had one illegitimate child by a Jewess "la Paloma".

c) ALFONSO Enr�quez (Guadalcanal 1354-Guadalupe monastery 1429).� A later Abreviada (Continuator) of Ayala�s Cr�nica de Juan I names �Don Alfonso Enriquez, fijo del Maestre Don Fadrique, hermano del Conde Don Pedro, que es Almirante de la mar� when recording his marriage[1288].� Legitimated.� Adelantado mayor de Le�n.� Se�or de Medina de Rioseco, Aguilar de Campos, Valdunquillo y Bolanos.� Almirante de Castilla.�

-�� ENR�QUEZ.�

7. FERNANDO Alfonso (Dec [1335/36]-[1350/51]).� The Cr�nica del Rey Alfonso XI records the birth of �otro fijo al Rey de Do�a Leonor...Don Ferrando�, the text specifying 1333, but the birth must have been in 1335 or 1336 for consistency with the other family births[1289].� Se�or de Ledesma: �...D.� Fernando, fijo del Rey, y se�or de Ledesma...� subscribed the charter dated 27 Jan 1343 under which King Alfonso XI confirmed the privileges of the convent of San Augustin de Due�as[1290].� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Pedro I names �Don Ferrando Se�or de Ledesma...Don Tello Se�or de Aguilar...despues...Se�or de Lara � de Vizcaya...Don Sancho...despues Conde de Alburquerque...Don Juan...Don Pedro� as sons of King Alfonso XI and �Do�a Leonor de Guzman�, implying that they all survived their father as the same passage names the two sons who died as children[1291].� Se�or de Ledesma: The Cr�nica del Rey Alfonso XI records that �Don Sancho� was �sin entendimiento� and that the king therefore removed from him �el se�or�o de Ledesma� which he granted to his brother �Don Fernando su fijo�[1292].� Betrothed ([1350/51]) to MAR�A P�rez Ponce de Le�n, daughter of PEDRO Ponce de Le�n & his wife Beatriz de Ej�rica.� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Pedro I records that �Don Ferrando Se�or de Ledesma, hermano del Conde Don Enrique� was betrothed to �una fija de Don Pero Ponce...Do�a Maria Ponce� at Marchena, but that the marriage did not take place because Fernando died �� poco tiempo�[1293].�

8. TELLO Alfonso (M�rida [1337]-Cuenca de Campos 15 Oct 1370, bur San Francisco de Palencia).� The Cr�nica del Rey Alfonso XI records the birth at M�rida of �un fijo... de Do�a Leonor...Don Tello�, the correct year of which is difficult to determine from the text[1294].� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Pedro I names �Don Ferrando Se�or de Ledesma...Don Tello Se�or de Aguilar...despues...Se�or de Lara � de Vizcaya...Don Sancho...despues Conde de Alburquerque...Don Juan...Don Pedro� as sons of King Alfonso XI and �Do�a Leonor de Guzman�[1295].� Canciller mayor of his father Alfonso XI King of Castile 1342-1348.� Se�or de Aguilar: �...D. Tello, fijo del Rey, y se�or de Aguilar, y Canciller mayor del Rey...� subscribed the charter dated 27 Jan 1343 under which King Alfonso XI confirmed the privileges of the convent of San Augustin de Due�as[1296].� He was created Se�or de Vizcaya, Lara, y Aguilar, Conde de Casta�eda by his brother in April 1366.� Alf�rez mayor of his brother Enrique II King of Castile 1367 to 15 Apr 1370.� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Enrique II records the death 15 Oct 1370 of �el Conde Don Tello Se�or de Vizcaya � de Lara�, adding that some said that he was poisoned on the orders of the king (�algunos decian que le fueran dadas hiervas...por mandado [del] Rey�) but that this is not certain, and his burial �en el Monesterio de Sant Francisco de Palencia�, finally stating that he died without legitimate heirs[1297].� Tello, in his testament dated 11 Sep 1370, bequeathed Vizcaya and Valmaseda to his brother King Enrique II[1298].� m (Betrothed before Mar 1350, Segovia Aug 1353) JUANA N��ez de Lara Se�ora de Lara Se�ora de Vizcaya, daughter of JUAN N��ez de Lara [de la Cerda-Castilla] & his wife Mar�a D�az de Haro [Castilla] Se�ora de Vizcaya ([1333]-murdered Castillo de Castrojeriz [Mar/Apr] 1359).� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Pedro I records the marriage in Segovia in 1353 of �Don Tello� and �Do�a Juana de Lara Se�ora de Vizcaya, fija de Don Juan Nu�ez de Lara � de Do�a Maria su muger�, to whom he had been betrothed during the lifetime of his father King Alfonso XI, adding that he thereby inherited �el Se�or�o de Vizcaya�[1299].� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Enrique II records in 1373 the claim made by �Do�a Maria de Lara fija de Don Ferrando de la Cerda� to �las tierras de Lara � de Vizcaya�, which names �Don Nu�o...Do�a Juana...Do�a Isabel� as the children of �Don Juan Nu�ez de Lara Se�or de Vizcaya� and his wife �Do�a Maria�, all of whom died childless, adding that Juana married �el Conde Don Tello�[1300].� Tello had one illegitimate child by an unknown mistress:�

a) JUAN T�llez de Castilla (-killed in battle Aljubarrota 14 Aug 1385).� After his father's titles reverted to the crown on his death, he was created Se�or de Aguilar de Campo by his uncle King Enrique II.� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Juan I names �...Don Juan Se�or de Aguilar � de Casta�eda fijo del Conde Don Tello...� among those killed in 1385 at the battle of Aljubarrota�[1301].� m LEONOR de la Vega Se�ora de la Vega y Cisneros, daughter of GARC�A Lasso de la Vega & his wife Menc�a de Cisneros.� Juan & his wife had two children:�

i) JUAN T�llez (-young after 1385).� He succeeded his father as Se�or de Aguilar de Campo.�

ii) ALDONZA T�llez (-1448).� She succeeded her brother as Se�ora de Aguilar de Campo.� m (1395) GARC�A Fern�ndez Manrique Se�or de Estar, son of GARC�A Fern�ndez Manrique Se�or de Estar y Villanueva & his wife Isabel Enr�quez ([1370/79]-Alcal� de Henares 23 May 1436).� Mayordomo mayor of Infante don Enrique (later Enrique IV King of Castile).� Created 1^st Conde de Casta�eda 26 Jun 1429.�

Tello had one illegitimate child by --- de Butr�n.�

b) ALFONSO T�llez de Castilla.� After his father's titles reverted to the crown on his death, he was created Se�or de Casta�eda y la Tierra de la Reina by his uncle King Enrique II.� Legitimated 18 Nov 1371.� Se�or de Portiello.� m as her second husband, ISABEL de Haro de Baeza, widow of GARC�A Fern�ndez Manrique de Havia, daughter of JUAN Ruiz de Baeza Se�or de la Guardia & his wife Isabel de Haro.�

i) JUAN Enr�quez de Castilla (-1444).� Se�or de la Reina.� m CONSTANZA Sarmiento, daughter of JUAN Rodr�guez de Villamayor Se�or de Melgar & his wife Mar�a Sarmiento.�

(a) CONSTANZA Enr�quez de Castilla (-after 15 Jun 1504[1302]).� Se�ora de la Reina.� m (1447) JUAN de Tovar Se�or de Velamaz�n (-1490).�

Tello had two illegitimate children by an unknown mistress:� ��

c) PEDRO Enr�quez de Castilla.� Se�or de Camporredondo y Cardano.�

-�� SE�ORES de CAMPORREDONDO[1303].

d) FERNANDO T�llez de Castilla.�

Tello had two illegitimate children by ELVIRA Mart�nez de Lezcano.�

e) LEONOR T�llez de Castilla.�

f) CONSTANZA T�llez de Castilla.� m JUAN de Alb�rnoz Se�or de Alb�rnoz.�

Tello had one illegitimate child by an unknown mistress:�

g) MAR�A T�llez de Castilla (-after 20 Aug 1389). �Se�ora de Olmeda de la Cuesta 1389: Juan I King of Castile granted "el lugar de Olmeda de la Cuesta, en tierra de Cuenca" to "Do�a Mar�a T�llez, hija de Tello conde de Vizcaya y de Casta�eda, mujer de Juan Hurtado de Mendoza, mayordomo mayor del Rey" by charter dated 20 Aug 1389[1304].� m firstly �LVAR Garc�a de Alb�rnoz Se�or de Utiel, Beteta y Polyatos (-after 22 Jun 1380[1305]).� m secondly (1389) JUAN Hurtado de Mendoza "el Limpio" Se�or de Almaz�n, son of JUAN Hurtado de Mendoza Se�or de Mend�vil & his wife Mar�a Se�ora de Mendoza ([1345]-Madrid 1419, bur Segovia, monasterio del Paular).� Alf�rez mayor of Castile 1372-1385.� Tutor of Enrique III King of Castile.� Mayordomo mayor of Castile 1391-1419.�

Tello had two illegitimate children by JUANA Garc�a de Villandrado.�

h) ISABEL T�llez de Castilla.� m PEDRO V�lez de Guevara Se�or de Onate.�

i) ELVIRA T�llez de Castilla.� m JUAN Fern�ndez de Tovar Se�or de Berlanga (-killed in battle Aljubarrota 14 Aug 1385).�

Tello had one illegitimate child by CATALINA de Calera.�

j) JUANA T�llez de Castilla.� m JUAN ALONSO de Baeza Se�or de Ampudia.�

9. JUANA Alfonso.� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Pedro I names �Do�a Juana que cas� con Don Ferrando de Castro� as the daughter of King Alfonso XI and �Do�a Leonor de Guzman�, and in a later passage records the couple�s marriage in 1354[1306].� The chronology of the family suggests that Juana was probably born after her brother Tello and before her brother Juan.� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Pedro I records that �el Conde Don Enrique� killed �Pero Carrillo, un Caballero de Castilla� in Aragon 1364 for saying that he �avia fama con Do�a Juana su hermana del Conde, muger que fuera de Don Ferrando de Castro�[1307].� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Pedro I records that �Do�a Juana su hermana del Conde [Enrique], muger que fuera de Don Ferrando de Castro� later married �un Rico ome de Aragon...Don Felipe de Castro�[1308].� The primary source which confirms her second marriage has not yet been identified. �m firstly (Toro 1354, divorced) as his first wife, FERNANDO Ruiz de Castro Se�or de Lemos y Sarr�a, son of PEDRO Fern�ndez de Castro & his second wife Isabel Ponce de Le�n ([1338]-Bayonne [May/Jun] 1375).� m secondly TAMARIT de Listera, son of ---.� m thirdly (1366) FELIPE de Castro Se�or de Castro y Peralta, son of FELIPE de Castro [Arag�n] Se�or de Castro y Peralta & his wife Francisca Alemany Se�ora de Guimera (-hanged 1371).�

10. JUAN Alfonso (Jun [1340/41]-murdered Carmona [Nov/Dec] 1359).� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Pedro I names �Don Ferrando Se�or de Ledesma...Don Tello Se�or de Aguilar...despues...Se�or de Lara � de Vizcaya...Don Sancho...despues Conde de Alburquerque...Don Juan...Don Pedro� as sons of King Alfonso XI and �Do�a Leonor de Guzman�, implying that they all survived their father as the same passage names the two sons who died as children[1309].� Se�or de Badajoz y J�rez: �...D.� Juan, fijo del Rey, y se�or de Xerez � Bad�joz...� subscribed the charter dated 27 Jan 1343 under which King Alfonso XI confirmed the privileges of the convent of San Augustin de Due�as[1310].� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Pedro I records the killing �en Carmona� of �Don Juan � � Don Pedro sus hermanos del Rey, fijos del Rey Don Alfonso � de Do�a Leonor de Guzman� by �un Ballestero de maza del Rey...Garci Diaz de Albarracin� in 1359, adding that Juan was 19 years old[1311].�

11. SANCHO Alfonso (1342-Burgos 19 Feb 1374).� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Pedro I names �Don Ferrando Se�or de Ledesma...Don Tello Se�or de Aguilar...despues...Se�or de Lara � de Vizcaya...Don Sancho...despues Conde de Alburquerque...Don Juan...Don Pedro� as sons of King Alfonso XI and �Do�a Leonor de Guzman�, implying that they all survived their father as the same passage names the two sons who died as children[1312].� Created Conde de Alburquerque, Se�or de Ledesma, Alba de Liste, Medell�n, Tiedra y Montalb�n by his brother April 1366.� He succeeded his brother Tello as Alf�rez mayor 1370, until 15 Sep 1371.� His marriage was arranged as part of the peace treaty signed between his older brother Enrique II and Fernando I King of Portugal at Santarem in March 1373.� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Enrique II records that �el Conde Don Sancho su hermano...Conde de Alburquerque� was killed 19 Mar 1374 in Burgos �la Infanta Do�a Leonor fija del Rey Don Enrique�[1313].� m ([Mar] 1373) Infanta dona BRITES de Portugal, daughter of PEDRO I King of Portugal & his third wife In�s de Castro (1347-Ledesma 5 Aug 1381).� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Pedro I names �[el] Infante Don Juan, � [el] Infante Don Donis, �...la Infanta Do�a Beatriz� as the children of �el...Rey Don Pedro de Portugal� by �Do�a Ines de Castro�, adding that Brites married �el Conde Don Sancho hermano del Rey Don Enrique de Castilla�[1314].� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Enrique II records the agreement in 1373 for the marriage of �el Conde Don Sancho, hermano del Rey Don Enrique� and �la Infanta Do�a Beatriz hermana del Rey de Portugal...fija del Rey Don Pedro de Portugal � de Do�a Ines de Castro�, as part of peace arrangements between Castile and Portugal brokered by �Don Guido Cardenal de Bolo�a Legado del Papa�[1315].� Sancho & his wife had one child:�

a) LEONOR URRACA de Castilla "la Ricahembra" (Sep 1374-Medina del Campo 1435).� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Enrique II records the birth in Sep 1374 of �una fija...Do�a Leonor que es agora muger del Infante Don Ferrando� after the death of her father[1316].� She succeeded her father in 1374 as Condesa de Alburquerque.� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Enrique III records that, after the death of King Juan I, it was said that �Don Fadrique Duque de Benavente� had requested marriage with �Do�a Leonor Condesa de Alburquerque, fija del Conde Don Sancho hermano del Rey Don Enrique...la Se�ora mejor heredada que se fallaba en Espa�a� (listing all her lands), but that this would have endangered the interests of the new king Enrique III, so her betrothal was arranged with �el Infante Don Ferrando hermano del Rey� by �el Arzobispo de Toledo � los Maestres de Santiago � de Calatrava�, and records in a later passage the couple�s marriage in 1395[1317].� Alfonso V King of Aragon notified �l�infant don Pedro d�Arag� e de Sicilia, duch de Notho...nostre...frare� of the death �de nostra...mare� by charter dated 26 Feb 1436[1318].� [Betrothed to her cousin FADRIQUE de Castilla Duque de Benavente, illegitimate son of ENRIQUE II King of Castile and Le�n & his mistress Beatriz Ponce de Le�n (-Almodovar del R�o 1394).]� m (Betrothed 1390, Valladolid 1395) Infante don FERNANDO de Castilla y Le�n Duque de Pe�afiel, son of JUAN I King of Castile & his wife Infanta do�a Leonor de Arag�n (Medina del Campo 27 Nov 1380-Igualada, near Barcelona 22 Apr 1416).� Under the Compromise of Caspe 25 Jun 1412 was chosen as FERNANDO I King of Aragon.� "�l de Antequera"

Sancho had two illegitimate children by unknown mistresses:�

b) FERNANDO de Castilla (-killed in battle Aljubarrota 15 Aug 1385).� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Juan I names �...Don Ferrando fijo del Conde Don Sancho...� among those killed in 1385 at the battle of Aljubarrota�[1319].� It is likely that Fernando was illegitimate.� There is little time for the birth of two children to his father from his marriage, and in any case, if legitimate, Fernando would have been hardly more than 11 years old at the time of the battle in which he was killed, which appears unlikely.�

c) LEONOR de Castilla (before 1373-Toro).� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Enrique III records the proposal in 1392 for �Don Fadrique...Duque de Benavente� to marry �Do�a Leonor fija del Conde Don Sancho� after her husband �Dia Sanchez de Rojas� died[1320].� m firstly SANCHO de Rojas Se�or de Monz�n, son of --- (-[1392]).� m secondly ([1393/94]) FADRIQUE de Castilla Duque de Benavente, illegitimate son of ENRIQUE II King of Castile and Le�n & his mistress Beatriz Ponce de Le�n (-Almodovar del R�o 1394).

12. PEDRO Alfonso ([1344/45]-murdered Carmona [Nov/Dec] 1359).� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Pedro I names �Don Ferrando Se�or de Ledesma...Don Tello Se�or de Aguilar...despues...Se�or de Lara � de Vizcaya...Don Sancho...despues Conde de Alburquerque...Don Juan...Don Pedro� as sons of King Alfonso XI and �Do�a Leonor de Guzman�, implying that they all survived their father as the same passage names the two sons who died as children[1321].� Se�or de Aguilar. �Ayala�s Cr�nica de Pedro I records the killing �en Carmona� of �Don Juan � � Don Pedro sus hermanos del Rey, fijos del Rey Don Alfonso � de Do�a Leonor de Guzman� by �un Ballestero de maza del Rey...Garci Diaz de Albarracin� in 1359, adding that Pedro was 14 years old[1322].�

B.�� MANUEL Family, Se�ores de VILLENA, descendants of Infante don MANUEL de CASTILLA

Infante don MANUEL de Castilla y Le�n, son of FERNANDO III "el Santo" King of Castile and Le�n & his first wife Elisabeth von Hohenstaufen (Carri�n de los Condes 1234-Pe�afiel 25 Dec 1283, bur Ucl�s, Santiago convent).� The Chronicon Mundi of Lucas Tudensis names "Adefonsum, Fredericum, Fernandum, Philippum, Henricum, Sancium, Emanuelem" as the sons of Fernando III King of Castile and his first wife[1323].� The Anales Toledanos name �D�i Emanuelis fratris Regis� when recording the death of his son[1324].� Se�or de Elche y Villena 1248.� Se�or de Escalona, Santa Olalla, Pe�afiel, Agreda, Roa y Cu�llar.� Se�or de Chinchilla, Aspe y Beas 1282.� Alf�rez mayor of his brother Alfonso X King of Castile 9 Sep 1258 to 6 Jun 1275, and mayordomo mayor 26 Apr 1278-13 Jul 1282.� Adelantado mayor of the Kingdom of Murcia.� In 1282, he sided with his nephew the future King Sancho IV against his brother King Alfonso X.� The Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis records the death in Dec 1283 of �Infans Dns Emmanuel in Penna-fideli�[1325].�

m firstly (Calatayud 1260) Infanta do�a CONSTANZA de Arag�n, daughter of JAIME I �el Conquistador� King of Aragon & his second wife Violanta of Hungary ([1240]-before 1266, bur Ucl�s).� The Cr�nica de San Juan de la Pe�a names "la primera�Violant�la otra Costancia�et Isabel�la quarta�Maria" as the four daughters of King Jaime and his second wife, stating that Constanza married "Don Manuel hermano del�Alfonso rey de Castiella"[1326].� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos records that "El Infante D. Manuel" married "D. Costan�a de Aragon"[1327].� Under the testament of "Jacobus�Rex Aragoni�, Majoricarum et Valenci�, Comes Barchinon� et Urgelli, et Dominus Montispessulani", dated 26 Aug 1272, the king made bequests to "�filios Infantis Domn� Constanti� quondam fili� nostr� et Infantis domini Emanuelis fratris�Regis Castell�, nepotes nostros"[1328].� The betrothal of Infante Manuel in 1266 shows that his wife Constanza must have died before that date.�

Betrothed (1266) to CONSTANCE de B�arn, widow of Infante don ALFONSO de Arag�n, daughter of GASTON VII Vicomte de B�arn & his first wife Mathe [Amata] de Marsan [Mastas] Ctss de Bigorre ([1245/50]-25 Apr 1310).� Alfonso X King of Castile approved the arrangements for the marriages of "el infante de Castilla don Manuel y Alonso Manuel" and "do�a Constanza y do�a Guillerma de Monacada, respectivamente, hijas de Gast�n de Moncada vizconde de Bearne" by charter dated 1266[1329].� It is assumed that this marriage did not proceed as Constance married Henry of Cornwall in 1269.�

m secondly (1274) as her second husband, BEATRIX de Savoie, widow of PIERRE "le Bouvier" de Salins Seigneur de Ch�telbelin� [Bourgogne-Comt�], daughter of AMEDEE IV Comte de Savoie & his second wife C�cile des Baux ([1245]-Escalona Nov 1290 or 23 Feb 1292).� The testament of "Conte Amedeo di Savoia" dated 19 Sep 1252 names "�la Principessa Beatrice sua figlia minore"[1330].� The testament of "Beatrice Vedova del Re Berengario Conte di Provenza" dated 14 Jan 1264 makes bequests "�a Contesson�pi� ad Eleonora altra sua figlia�" and orders "Contesson figlia del fu Conte Amedeo, non si maritasse�" to fulfil religious bequests[1331].� The following reference shows that Beatrix was known as "Contesson".� "Contessa Beatrice detta Contesson figlia del fu Conte Amedeo di Savoia e della Contessa Cecilia" renounced her rights of succession with the consent of her mother and "Pietro Boverio di Lei Marito" in favour of "Conte Filippo di Savoia di Lei Patruo" by contract dated 21 Oct 1268[1332].� "Pietro Bovero figlio del Conte Gioanni di Borgogna e Signore di Salins" donated property to "Beatrice figlia del Conte Amedeo di Savoia sua future Sposa" by contract dated "la Festa di S. Luca 1269"[1333].� The primary source which confirms her second marriage has not yet been identified.� The Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis records the marriage in 1275 of �Infans Dns Emmanuel cum Comitissa� in the same month as the death of his son Alfonso[1334].� The Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis records the death in Nov 1290 of �Comitissa, mater Dni Joannis, in Escalona�[1335].�

Mistress (1): MAR�A, daughter of ---.�

Mistress (2): NU�A, daughter of ---.�

Infante Manuel & his first wife had three children:

1. CONSTANZA Alfonso Manuel (-young).�

2. ALFONSO Manuel ([1261]-Montpellier 1275, bur Ucl�s, Santiago convent).� He died on his way back to Spain from Germany, where he had accompanied his uncle King Alfonso X and his father[1336].� The Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis records the death in 1275 of �Dns Alfonsus filius Infantis Dni Emmanuelis in Montepelussano�[1337].� The Anales Toledanos record the death �aput Montem-pessulanem� in 1275 of �Alfonsus Emanuelis�filius D�i Emanuelis fratris Regis�[1338].� Betrothed (contract Alcazar de Sevilla 12 Mar 1266) to GUILLELMA de B�arn, daughter of GASTON VII de Moncada Vicomte de B�arn & his first wife Mathe [Amata] de Marsan [Mastas] Ctss de Bigorre ([1245/55]-1309).� Alfonso X King of Castile approved the arrangements for the marriages of "el infante de Castilla don Manuel y Alonso Manuel" and "do�a Constanza y do�a Guillerma de Monacada, respectivamente, hijas de Gast�n de Moncada vizconde de Bearne" by charter dated 1266[1339].�

3. VIOLANTE Manuel ([1265]-Lisbon 1314, bur Lisbon Dominican monastery).� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos records that "El Infante D. Alonso" married "D. Violante", an earlier passage in the same source naming "D. Violante" as the daughter of "El Infante D. Manuel" and his wife "D. Costan�a de Aragon"[1340].� The Breve Chronicon Alcobacense records that "Alfonsus" married "domna Violante�filia regis Alfonsi et soror regis Sancii de Castella"[1341].� Se�ora de Elda, Novelda, Medell�n y � Pe�afiel.� m ([1287]) Infante AFONSO de Portugal Senhor de Portoalegre, son of AFONSO III King of Portugal & his wife Infanta do�a Beatriz de Castilla ([Lisbon] 8 Feb 1263-Lisbon 2 Nov 1312, bur Lisbon Dominican monastery).

Infante Manuel & his second wife had one child:

4. JUAN Manuel "el Scritor" (Escalona 5 May 1282-C�rdoba 13 Jun 1348, bur Pe�afiel, monastery of San Pablo).� The Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis records the birth in May 1282 of �Dns Joannes, filius Dni Emmanuelis in Escalona�[1342].� He succeeded his father in 1283 as Se�or de Villena, Escalona, Alarc�n, Elche, Pe�afiel, Cartagena, Lorca, Castillo del Garci-M��oz, Alcocer, Salmer�n, Valdeolivas, Cu�llar y Almenara.��

-�� see below.�

Infante Manuel had three illegitimate children by Mistress (1):

5. FERNANDO Manuel.� Beneficiary under his father�s 20 Dec 1283 will.��

6. ENRIQUE Manuel.� Beneficiary under his father�s 20 Dec 1283 will.

7. BLANCA Manuel.� Beneficiary under her father�s 20 Dec 1283 will.

Infante Manuel had one illegitimate child by Mistress (2):

8. SANCHO Manuel ([1283]-before 1346).� Se�or de Infantado y Carri�n.� Adelantado Mayor of Murcia.� Beneficiary under his father�s 20 Dec 1283 will.� The Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis records that �Sancius Emmanuel, germanus suus, ac �gidius Roderici de Mi�o, necnon Fr. Joannes G. de Arevalo� confirmed the foundation by �Dns Joannes� of �Ecclesiam Pr�dictorum Rupis-fidelis� in 1324[1343].� m IN�S Garc�a de Toledo, daughter of DIEGO Garc�a, Almirante of Castile & his wife Mar�a Garc�a Se�ora de Mag�n y Mejorada.� Living a widow in 1346.� Sancho & his wife had four children:�

a) JUAN S�nchez Manuel (after 1325-Alcaraz 1390).� Conde de Carri�n 1368.� m (after 1350) JUANA de Ej�rica, daughter of PEDRO de Ej�rica [Arag�n] Baron de Ej�rica & his wife Bonaventura di Arborea.� Juan & his wife had three children:�

i) ALFONSO (-after 1393).� Conde de Carri�n.

ii) LEONOR.� She succeeded her brother as Condesa de Carri�n.� m JUAN Fern�ndez de Padilla.

iii) IN�S.� m GARCI Fern�ndez de Villodre.

b) BEATRIZ S�nchez Manuel.� m PEDRO de Lando.�

c) IN�S Fern�ndez de Villena.� m ��IGO L�pez de Mendoza Se�or de Castilnovo, son of ---.

d) FERNANDO S�nchez Manuel (-1407).� Bishop of Calahorra.� Abbot at Valladolid.� If the following marriage is correct, Fernando presumably resigned his ecclesiastical appointments.� m CATERINA S�nchez Se�ora de Pinilla.�

Don JUAN Manuel "el Scritor", son of Infante don MANUEL de Castilla y Le�n, Se�or de Villena, Escalona and Pe�afiel, & his second wife B�atrix de Savoie (Escalona 5 May 1282-C�rdoba 13 Jun 1348, bur Pe�afiel, monastery of San Pablo).� The Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis records the birth in May 1282 of �Dns Joannes, filius Dni Emmanuelis in Escalona�[1344].� He succeeded his father in 1283 as Se�or de Villena, Escalona, Elche, Pe�afiel, Cartagena, Lorca, Castillo del Garci-M��oz, Alcocer, Salmer�n, Valdeolivas, Cu�llar y Almenara.� The Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis records that �Rex Dns Fernandus� gave Alarc�n to �Dno. Joanni� in exchange for Elche in Feb 1298[1345].� The Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis records that �Rex Fernandus� gave �Aymesta� to �Dno Joanni� in May 1304, and restored his control over Alarc�n in Feb 1306[1346].� The Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis records that �Dns Joannes� began the siege of �Pennam-fidelem� in Jul 1307[1347].� Mayordomo Mayor of King Fernando IV of Castile.� Mayordomo Mayor of Kings Fernando IV and Alfonso XI of Castile 25 Mar 1311-1 Mar 1314.� "Infanta Donna Blanca fija del�rey Don Alfonso, Sennora de las Huelgas" sold various properties to "Don Johan fijo del�Infant Don Manuel" by charter dated Aug 1312[1348].� Edward II King of England wrote to �domino Johanni Manuelis filio domini Infantis Manuelis de Ispania, consanguineo regis Angli�� requesting his support in certain negotiations by charter dated 1 Apr 1324[1349].� The Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis records that �Dns Joannes filius Infantis Dni Emmanuelis et Dns Joannes filius Infantis Dni Joannis� renounced their tutorship over King Alfonso XI in Aug 1325[1350].� He led several periods of rebellion against King Alfonso XI, notably after the latter's repudiation of his daughter Constanza in 1327.� Adelantado Mayor on the border with Andaluc�a, and in the Kingdom of Murcia.� He was an author of note, his works included El Conde Lucanor and El Libro de los Estados[1351].��

m firstly (contract Perpignan 21 Nov 1299, Requena Jan 1300) Infanta do�a ISABEL de Mallorca, daughter of JAIME II King of Mallorca [Arag�n] & his wife Esclarmonde de Foix ([1285/86?]-[Alicante after 10 Oct 1301 or Escalona Dec 1301], bur Perpignan).� The Cr�nica de San Juan de la Pe�a names "la primera�Isabel�la otra Sancha" as the two daughters of Jaime King of Mallorca, stating that Isabel was the wife of "Don Johan Manuel"[1352].� The Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis records the marriage in Jan 1300 of �Dns Joannes� and �Infantissa Dna Elisabeth filia Regis Majoricarum, in Requena�[1353].� The Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis records the death in Dec 1301 of �Dna Infantissa in Escalona�[1354].� Jaime II King of Aragon notified �don Johan, fijo del infant don Manuel� of having received his notification of the death of �la infanta dona Isabel, nuestra prima, mujer vuestra� and granted him safe passage to take her body to Perpignan for burial, by charter dated 14 Jan 1301 (O.S.)[1355].�

m secondly (J�tiva 2 Apr 1312) Infanta do�a CONSTANZA de Arag�n, daughter of JAIME II King of Aragon & his second wife Blanche di Sicilia [Anjou] (Valencia 1 Apr 1300-Castillo de Garci-M��oz 19 Aug 1327).� The Cr�nica de San Juan de la Pe�a names "la primera�Do�a Maria�la segunda Do�a Costan�a�la tercera�Do�a Isabel�la quarta�Do�a Blancha�la quinta�Do�a Violante" as the five daughters of King Jaime II and his wife Blanca, stating that Constanza was the wife "Don Juan fillo del infant Don Manuel"[1356].� The Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis records the marriage in Apr 1312 of �Dns Joannes cum Infantissa Dna Constantia in Xativa�[1357].� The Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis records the death in Aug 1327 of �Infantissa Dna Constantia in Castella�[1358].�

m thirdly (Lerma Jan 1329) BLANCA de la Cerda Se�ora de Lara y Vizcaya, daughter of FERNANDO [II] de la Cerda Se�or de Palenzuela & his wife Juana N��ez de Lara �la Palomilla� ([1311]-1347).� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Juan Nu�ez, D. Margarita monja, D. Blanca" as the children of "D. Fernando de la Cerda" and his wife "D. Iuana Nu�ez la Palomilla, viuda del Infante D. Enrique", another passage recording that "D. Juan Manuel" married "D. Blanca de la Cerda"[1359].� The Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis records the marriage in Jan 1329 of �Dns Joannes cum Dna Blanca, filia Dni Fernandi in Lerma�[1360].�

Mistress (1): IN�S Gonz�lez de Casta�eda, daughter of RUY D�az de Casta�eda & his wife Mar�a Ruiz Ceballos.�

Mistress (2): ---.� The name of the second mistress of Juan Manuel is not known.�

Juan & his second wife had three children:

1. CONSTANZA Manuel ([1323]-Santarem 13 Nov 1345, bur Santarem San Francisco).� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos records that "D. Pedro Rey de Portugal" married "D. Constan�a" and his wife "D. Beatriz", an earlier passage naming "D. Fernando Manuel, D. Constanza" as the children of "D. Juan Manuel" and his wife "D. Blanca de la Cerda"[1361].� The chronology is inconsistent with Constanza having been born from his father�s third marriage.� The Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis records the marriage in Nov 1325 of the king and �Regina Dna Constantia, filia�Dni Joannis filii Infantis Dni Emmanuelis� in Valladolid[1362].� The marriage contract of �o Infante Dom Pedro� and �Dom Joam filho do Infante Dom Manoel...mi fija D. Costan�a� is dated 16 Mar 1338, witnessed by �Sancho Manoel fijo del dicho Se�or Don Juan...�[1363].� m firstly (Valladolid 28 Nov 1325, annulled 1327) as his first wife, ALFONSO XI "el Justo" King of Castile and Le�n, son of FERNANDO IV "el Ajurno" King of Castile and Le�n & his wife Infanta dona Costan�a de Portugal (Salamanca 13 Aug 1311-Gibraltar 26 Mar 1350, bur Seville).� m secondly (contract 16 Mar 1338, Lisbon 24 Aug 1339) as his second wife, PEDRO I "o Justiceiro" King of Portugal, son of AFONSO IV King of Portugal & his wife Infanta do�a Beatriz de Castilla (Coimbra 18 Apr 1320-killed Estremos 18 Jan 1367, bur Cistercian monastery of Santa Maria de Alcoba�a).�

2. BEATRIZ Manuel ([1318/27]-before 25 Oct 1330). �Alfonso IV King of Aragon sent condolences to �don Johan� for the death of �do�a Beatri�, filla vuestra e sobrina nuestra� by charter dated 25 Oct 1330[1364].�

3. FERNANDO Manuel (-after 8 Aug 1350).� He was the child of his father's second marriage according to Szabolcs de Vajay[1365].� According to Europ�ische Stammtafeln[1366], Fernando Manuel was the son of his father's third marriage but this would appear to present chronological difficulties considering the presumed year of birth of his daughter.� This is presumably based on the Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos which names "D. Fernando Manuel, D. Constanza" as the children of "D. Juan Manuel" and his wife "D. Blanca de la Cerda"[1367].� Se�or de Villena, Escalona, Pe�afiel, Cartagena, Lorca, Villena, Elche y Almenara. �Adelantado Mayor of the kingdom of Murcia.� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Pedro I names �Don Ferrando Se�or de Villena fijo de Don Juan e nieto del Infante Don Manuel� among those present with Alfonso XI King of Castile at Gibraltar in 1350[1368].� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Pedro I names �Don Ferrando Se�or de Villena, sobrino de Don Juan Nu�ez fijo de su hermana Do�a Blanca� among those whose accompanied the body of King Alfonso XI to Seville in 1350[1369].� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Pedro I records that Pedro I King of Castile appointed �Don Ferrando Se�or de Villena� to �el Adelantamiento del Regno de Murcia� but that he died �dende � pocos dias�[1370].� �Don Fernando� confirmed privileges granted by �D. Juan mio padre...fijo del Infante Don Manuel� to �Do�a Elvira viuda de Pedro Gon�alez Alcayde de Cuellar, de la heredad de Villoria�, for services to himself and �Do�a Juana Despina mia muger� in bringing up �Do�a Blanca nuestra hija�, by charter dated 8 Aug 1350[1371].� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Pedro I records the death in 1350 of �Don Ferrando Manuel Se�or de Villena�[1372].� m (Castell�n de Ampurias 24 Jan 1346) JUANA de Arag�n, daughter of Infante don RAM�N BERENGUER de Arag�n Conde de Ampurias y Prades & his second wife Blanche di Tarento [Sicilia-Anjou] ([1330]-Toledo 1395).� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Pedro I names �Do�a Juana, que decian Despina, fija del Infante de Aragon...Don Remon Berenguel� as the wife of �Don Ferrando Manuel Se�or de Villena�[1373].� Zurita records the marriage in 1345 of �el Infante don Ramon Berenguer...do�a Juana su hija...la mayor y del primer matrimonio� and �don Juan Manuel...don Fernando su hijo�[1374].� �Don Fernando� confirmed privileges granted by �D. Juan mio padre...fijo del Infante Don Manuel� to �Do�a Elvira viuda de Pedro Gon�alez Alcayde de Cuellar, de la heredad de Villoria�, for services to himself and �Do�a Juana Despina mia muger� in bringing up �Do�a Blanca nuestra hija�, by charter dated 8 Aug 1350[1375].� Fernando & his wife had one child:�

a) BLANCA Manuel (after 1348-Seville 1361).� �Don Fernando� confirmed privileges granted by �D. Juan mio padre...fijo del Infante Don Manuel� to �Do�a Elvira viuda de Pedro Gon�alez Alcayde de Cuellar, de la heredad de Villoria�, for services to himself and �Do�a Juana Despina mia muger� in bringing up �Do�a Blanca nuestra hija�, by charter dated 8 Aug 1350[1376].� She succeeded her father in 1350 as Se�ora de Villena, Escalona, Pe�afiel, Cartagena, Lorca y Elche.� Heiress of the Lara family and of the principality of Vizcaya.� She was imprisoned by Pedro IV King of Aragon to prevent her from taking possession of her inheritance.� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Pedro I records that �Don Ferrando Manuel Se�or de Villena� and his wife had �una fija...Do�a Blanca� who after the death of her father was brought to Seville on the orders of King Pedro I and died there[1377].� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Pedro I records the death in Seville in 1360 of �Do�a Blanca de Villena fija de Don Ferrando Se�or de Villena � de Do�a Juana Despina�, adding that her properties reverted to the king and �agora es llamada el Marquesado�[1378].�

Juan & his third wife had one child:

4. JUANA Manuel (1339-Salamanca 27 Mar 1381, bur Toledo Santa Mar�a).� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Pedro I records that �el Conde Don Enrique� was already betrothed to �Do�a Juana fija de Don Juan Manuel� when he started visiting his mother in prison in Seville (dated to [Jun/Jul] 1350 and that she advised him to marry her immediately as she had heard from Juana�s brother �Don Ferrando Se�or de Villena� that King Pedro planned to terminate the betrothal and marry her either to �el Rey Don Pedro� himself or to �el Infante Don Ferrando de Aragon, primo del Rey�[1379].� She succeeded her niece in 1361 as Se�ora de Villena, Escalona y Pe�afiel.� King Enrique II donated property to Segovia, for the souls of his parents and �del dicho Don Pedro mio fijo� and for the salvacion of �de la Reyna Do�a Juana mi muger, � de los Infantes Don Juan � Do�a Leonor � Do�a Juana mios fijos � suyos de la dicha Reyna Do�a Juana mi muger�, by charter dated 26 Jan 1367[1380].� Se�ora de Lara y Vizcaya 1370.� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Juan I records the death 27 Mar 1381 at Salamanca of �la Reyna Do�a Juana� and her burial in �la cibdad de Toledo...en la Iglesia de Sancta Maria la mayor�[1381].� m (27 Jul 1350) ENRIQUE de Trast�mara, illegitimate son of ALFONSO XI "el Justo" King of Castile & his mistress Leonor de Guzm�n Se�ora de Medina Sidonia (Seville 13 Jan 1334-San Domingo de la Calzada 29 May 1379).� He succeeded in 1369 as ENRIQUE II "�l de las Mercedes" King of Castile.�

Juan had two illegitimate children by Mistress (1):�

5. SANCHO Manuel.� The marriage contract of �o Infante Dom Pedro� and �Dom Joam filho do Infante Dom Manoel...mi fija D. Costan�a� is dated 16 Mar 1338, witnessed by �Sancho Manoel fijo del dicho Se�or Don Juan...�[1382].� Adelantado Mayor of Murcia.� m ---.� The name of Sancho�s wife is not known. �Sancho & his wife had two children:�

a) FERNANDO S�nchez Manuel (-killed 1355).� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Pedro I records that �Ferrand Sanchez Manual, fijo de Sancho Manuel el mozo, que era fijo de Don Juan Manuel� was killed in 1355[1383].�

b) LUIS S�nchez Manuel (-after 1363).� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Pedro I records �Don Lois Manuel fijo de Sancho Manuel � nieto de Don Juan Manuel� in 1363[1384].� .�

6. ENRIQUE Manuel.� Conde de Sintra y Cea.� Senhor de Cascais, Conde de Montealegre and Se�or de Meneses.� m BEATRIZ de Sousa, daughter of PEDRO Afonso de Sousa & his wife ---.� Enrique & his wife had two children:�

a) FERNANDO Manuel [Castilla] de la Torre.� Conde de Sintra.� Se�or de Cebica.� m MENC�A Rodr�guez de Fonseca.� Fernando & his wife had two children:�

i) JUAN Manuel.� Se�or de Belmonte y Campos.� m JUANA Figueroa.� Juan & his wife had one child:�

(a) MAR�A Manuel.� m ([1488]) BAUDOUIN b�tard de Bourgogne Seigneur de Fallais, illegitimate son of PHILIPPE III "le Bon" Duc de Bourgogne & his mistress Catherine Thieffries (Lille [1436]-Brussels May 1508, bur Fallais, Li�ge).�

ii) JUANA Manuel.� Mistress of DUARTE King of Portugal, son of JO�O I "o Falso" King of Portugal & his wife Philippa of Lancaster (Viseu 31 Oct 1391-Thomar 9 Sep 1438, bur Batalla).��

b) INEZ.� m VASCO Martinez de Sousa Senhor de Montagoa.�

Juan had two illegitimate children by Mistress (2):

7. JUANA Manuel de Villena.� m JUAN Gal�ndez de Avenda�o Se�or de Mujica.�

8. GUIOMAR Manuel de Villena.� m JUAN Mart�nez de Le�va Se�or de Ba�os.� Merino Mayor of Castile.�

C.�� Descendants of Infante don FERNANDO "�l de la Cerda" de CASTILLA [son of ALFONSO X King of Castile]: de la CERDA

Infante don FERNANDO "�l de la Cerda" de Castilla y Le�n, son of ALFONSO X "el Sabio" King of Castile & his wife Infanta do�a Violante de Arag�n (Valladolid 23 Oct 1255-Ciudad Real 25 Jul 1275, bur Las Huelgas de Burgos).� The Anales Toledanos record the birth in 1256 of �D�s Fernandus, filius Regis Alfonsi�[1385].� Alfonso X King of Castile "con la Reyna donna Yolant mi mujer et con nuestro ffijo el Infante don Ferrando primero et yeredero e con nuestro ffijo el Inffante don Sancho" granted rights of the church of Valladolid by charter dated 9 Jul 1258[1386].� Mayordomo of his father King Alfonso X 21 Nov 1260, 19 Dec 1270-14 Mar 1272, and 6 Jun 1274.� He died of a fever during a campaign against the King of Morocco who had invaded southern Spain.� The Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis records the death in 1275 of �Infans Dns Fernandus in Villa-Regali�[1387].� The Chronicon de Carde�a records the death in 1275 of �Infant D. Ferrando�fijo del Rey D. Alfonso� and his burial� �en las Huelgas de Burgos�[1388].� The Anales Toledanos record the death �VIII Kal Aug� in 1275 of �Dominus Fernandus, filius Regis Castell��[1389].� The Gesta Philippi Tertia Francorum Regis of Guillaume de Nangis records the death in 1275 of "Ferrandus regis Castell� primogenitus"[1390].�

m (contract Saint-Germain-en-Laye 28 Sep 1266, Burgos 30 Nov 1268) BLANCHE de France, daughter of LOUIS IX King of France & his wife Marguerite de Provence ([Jaffa early 1253]-Paris [17 Jun 1320/7 Jun 1322], bur Paris, �glise des Cordeliers).� An anonymous chronicle of the kings of France, written [1286/1314], records the birth of "Blanche" second daughter of "li rois Loois...[et] Marguerite la fille au conte de Provence", after the birth of "Robert...quens de Clermont em Biauvoisin" [which is inconsistent with other sources], adding that she married "le roy d�Espaigne"[1391].� Matthew of Paris records the birth of King Louis's daughter in Palestine but does not name her[1392].� The chronology of the family suggests that this daughter must have been Blanche, but this is not beyond all doubt.� The marriage contract between "Donum Fernandum primogenitum Domini�Alfonsi�Electi in Regem Romanorum necnon et Castell�, Toleti, Legionis, Galeci�, Sibil. Cordub. Murc. Giem. et Alguarb. Regis" and "Dominum Ludovicum �Regem Franci�dominam Blancham filiam suam" is dated 28 Sep 1266[1393].� The Chronicon de Carde�a records the marriage �dia de Sant Andres� in 1269 of �Infant D. Ferrando con Do�a Blanca fija del Rey de Francia�[1394].� She was imprisoned in Castile on the death of her husband, but returned to France in 1277 from where she attempted to have the rights of her son to the throne of Castile recognised.� The testament of "Philippes�Roy de France" is dated Dec 1285 and makes a bequest to "Blanche nostre suer", and also names "la Reine Isabelle jadis nostre demme"[1395].�

Infante Fernando & his wife had two children:�

1. ALFONSO de la Cerda de Castilla (Valladolid 1270-after 15 Apr 1327).� The Anales Toledanos record the birth in 1270 of �D�s Alfonsus primogenitus D�i Fernandi et D�� Al--- soror is filii Regis Francorum apud Valleoletum�[1396].� Seigneur de Lunel.�

-�� see below.�

2. FERNANDO de la Cerda de Castilla (posthumously on or after 25 Jul 1275-1322 soon after 1 Jun).� The Gesta Philippi Tertia Francorum Regis of Guillaume de Nangis names "Alphonsum et Ferrandum" as the two sons of "Ferrandus regis Castell� primogenitus" and his wife, adding that "avi sui Alphonsi regis" deprived them of their rights of succession[1397].� After his birth, he and his brother were taken to Aragon by their grandmother Queen Violante, and brought up in the fortress of J�tiva.� The Chronicle of Ramon Muntaner records that Alfonso III King of Aragon freed "don Alphonse et don Ferdinand, fils de l�infant Ferdinand de Castille" from the castle of J�tiva, dated to 1285[1398].� France and Castile agreed 13 Jul 1288 to give Infante don Fernando the kingdom of Murcia, at the same time as proclaiming his older brother King of Castile and Le�n, but this came to nothing.� He left for France, but returned to Castile where he was given land.� Se�or de Lara 1315 by right of his wife.� After supporting the regent Mar�a de Molina against the Infantes don Felipe and don Juan, he was made Mayordomo Mayor of Castile 14 Apr 1320.� m (1308) as her second husband, JUANA N��ez de Lara "la Palomilla", widow of Infante don ENRIQUE de Castilla, "el Senador" daughter of JUAN N��ez de Lara Se�or de Lara & his [first/second wife Teresa �lvarez de Azagra Se�ora de Albarrac�n/Teresa D�az de Haro] (-Palencia 12 Jun 1351).� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Alvaro Nu�ez, D. Juan Nu�ez, D. Nu�o Gon�alez. D. Juana Nu�ez la Palomilla, D. Teresa Nu�ez" as the children of "D. Juan Nu�ez el Gordo" and his wife "D. Teresa Alvarez", an earlier passage recording that "El Infante D. Enrique" married "D. Juana Nu�ez la Palomilla", and another passage that "D. Fernando de la Cerda" married "D. Iuana Nu�ez la Palomilla, viuda del Infante D. Enrique"[1399].� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Enrique II records in 1373 the claim made by �Do�a Maria de Lara fija de Don Ferrando de la Cerda� to �las tierras de Lara � de Vizcaya�, which records that �Do�a Juana de Lara�, daughter of �Do�a Teresa hermana del...Conde Don Lope� and her husband �Don Juan Nu�ez de Lara el viejo�, married �Don Fernando de la Cerda�[1400].� She succeeded her brother in 1315 as Se�ora de Lara.� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Pedro I records the death �dia de la Trinidad...en Palencia� in 1351 of �Do�a Juana de Lara madre [de] Don Juan Nu�ez...fija de Don Juan Nu�ez de Lara � de Do�a Teresa, hermana del Conde Don Lope Se�or de Vizcaya�, adding that she had first married �el Infante Don Enrique fijo del Rey Don Ferrando� when she was �muy moza�[1401].� Fernando & his wife had four children:�

a) BLANCA de la Cerda ([1311]-1347).� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Juan Nu�ez, D. Margarita monja, D. Blanca" as the children of "D. Fernando de la Cerda" and his wife "D. Iuana Nu�ez la Palomilla, viuda del Infante D. Enrique", another passage recording that "D. Juan Manuel" married "D. Blanca de la Cerda"[1402].� The Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis records the marriage in Jan 1329 of �Dns Joannes cum Dna Blanca, filia Dni Fernandi in Lerma�[1403].� m (Lerma Jan 1329) as his third wife, JUAN Manuel "el Scritor" Se�or de Villena & Escalona, son of Infante don MANUEL de Castilla & his second wife B�atrice de Savoie (Escalona 5 May 1282-C�rdoba 13 Jun 1348, bur Pe�afiel, monastery of San Pablo).�

b) JUAN N��ez de Lara ([1314/15]-Burgos 28 Nov 1350, bur San Pablo de Burgos).� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Juan Nu�ez, D. Margarita monja, D. Blanca" as the children of "D. Fernando de la Cerda" and his wife "D. Iuana Nu�ez la Palomilla, viuda del Infante D. Enrique"[1404].� He succeeded his father in 1322 as Se�or de Lara.� Alf�rez mayor of Alfonso XI "el Justo" King of Castile 16 Feb 1328 to Sep 1332.� Se�or de Vizcaya, by right of his wife.�

-�� SE�ORES de VIZCAYA.�

c) MARGARITA de la Cerda (1317-before 1373).� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Juan Nu�ez, D. Margarita monja, D. Blanca" as the children of "D. Fernando de la Cerda" and his wife "D. Iuana Nu�ez la Palomilla, viuda del Infante D. Enrique"[1405].� Nun at Calaruega.� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Pedro I names �Do�a Margarida que mori� monja en Caleruega� as the second daughter of �Do�a Juana de Lara madre [de] Don Juan Nu�ez�[1406].� She was maid of honour at the marriage of Pedro I King of Castile and Blanche de Bourbon.�

d) MAR�A de la Cerda ([1319]-13 Mar 1375).� The marriage contract between �Johannes...regis Angli� filius comes Cornubi� et germanus regis Angli� nunc regnantis� and �domicellam Mariam de Ispania filiam bon� memori� Ferdinandi de Ispania domini de Lara� is dated 28 Sep 1334[1407].� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Enrique II records in 1373 that �Do�a Maria de Lara fija de Don Ferrando de la Cerda e de Do�a Juana de Lara, hermana de Don Juan Nu�ez de Lara Se�or de Vizcaya, Condesa de Alanzon...primero casada en Francia con el Conde de Estampas...y despues...con el Conde de Alanzon, hermano del Rey Don Phelipe de Francia� claimed �las tierras de Lara � de Vizcaya� from Enrique II King of Castile[1408].� Dame de Lunel.� The necrology of the Celestins de Paris commemorates "domine Marie de Hyspania comitisse de Alen�onio" mother of "dominorum Ludovici comitis de Stampis ac Johannis fratris sui" on "XVIII Kal Jul"[1409].� Betrothed (contract 28 Sep 1334, Papal dispensation Oct 1334[1410]) to JOHN of England Earl of Cornwall "of Eltham", son of EDWARD II King of England & his wife Isabelle de France (Eltham Manor House, Kent before 24 Aug 1316-Perth 13 Sep 1336, bur Westminster Abbey).� m firstly (contract Poissy 1 Apr 1335) CHARLES d'Evreux Comte d'Etampes, son of LOUIS de France Comte d'Evreux & his wife Marguerite d'Artois ([1305]-Pimorain 5 Sep 1336).� m secondly (13 Dec 1336) CHARLES Comte d'Alen�on, son of CHARLES de France Comte de Valois & his first wife Marguerite of Sicily [Anjou-Capet] (1296-killed in battle Cr�cy 26 Jul 1346).�

ALFONSO de la Cerda de Castilla, son of Infante don FERNANDO "�l de la Cerda" de Castilla y Le�n & his wife Blanche de France (Valladolid 1270-after 15 Apr 1327).� The Anales Toledanos record the birth in 1270 of �D�s Alfonsus primogenitus D�i Fernandi et D�� Al--- soror is filii Regis Francorum apud Valleoletum�[1411].� The Gesta Philippi Tertia Francorum Regis of Guillaume de Nangis names "Alphonsum et Ferrandum" as the two sons of "Ferrandus regis Castell� primogenitus" and his wife, adding that "avi sui Alphonsi regis" deprived them of their rights of succession[1412].� After his father�s death, he and his newborn brother were taken to Aragon by their grandmother Queen Violante, and brought up in the fortress of J�tiva where they remained virtual prisoners of Pedro III King of Aragon.� His grandfather King Alfonso X nominated him as his successor, but he was excluded from the succession 1284 because of his young age.� The Chronicle of Ramon Muntaner records that Alfonso III King of Aragon freed "don Alphonse et don Ferdinand, fils de l�infant Ferdinand de Castille" from the castle of J�tiva, dated to 1285[1413].� King Alfonso had him proclaimed King of Castile and Le�n at Jaca, but after his death his successor King Jaime II withdrew his support and made peace with Sancho IV King of Castile.� The succession was finally settled at Torrellas 8 Aug 1304 between the kings of Aragon and Portugal, who decided that Alfonso should renounce all his rights in return for being created Se�or de Alba, Bejar y Gibrale�n.� The Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis records the meeting in Aug 1304 of the kings of Castile, Aragon and Portugal �in Agreda, et in Tara�ona� where they sent away �Dns Alfonsus, filius Infantis Dni Fernandi�[1414].� He then settled in France.� The testament of �Alfonsus de Ispania dominus de Lunello miles�, dated 15 Apr 1327, bequeathed revenue from �terre mee...in Navarra� to �genitor meus� until �Karolus filius meus� reached 16 years of age, with the consent of �Isabellis...consortis mee�[1415].�

Betrothed to Infanta do�a ISABEL de Castilla y Le�n, daughter of SANCHO IV King of Castile and Le�n & his wife Mar�a Alfonso de Molina (Toro 1283-24 Jul 1328).�

m ([1290]) MATHILDE, daughter of --- (([1272/74]-[1348/53]).� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos records that "D. Alonso Guedella" married "D. Mafalda"[1416].� Salazar y Castro asserts that she was "Mathilde de Narbonne se�ora de Lunel, daughter of Aimeric [VI] Vicomte de Narbonne and his wife Sibylle de Foix[1417].� This is presumably based on Zurita�s Anales de la Corona de Arag�n, written [1562/80], which record that "don Alonso hijo del Infante don Fernando" married "en Francia�Mofalda�quanto yo congeturo fue de la casa de los Vizcondes de Narbona, y con ella huvo el se�orio de Lunel"[1418]. �Masnata relates that the seigneurie de Lunel passed to the French crown on the death in 1295 of Rousselin last seigneur de Lunel, concluding therefore that Alfonso de la Cerda could not have inherited the seigneurie through his wife (it was granted by Charles IV King of France to Alfonso�s son, Alfonso, see below)[1419].� Masnata found no basis for the supposed origin of Mathilde in Narbonne, and suggests that she was Mathilde de Brienne-Eu, daughter of Jean de Brienne Comte d'Eu & his wife Beatrix de Ch�tillon-sur-Marne-Saint-Pol.� He reached this conclusion by process of elimination of other possible candidates connected with the French royal family, and after remarking that Jean de Brienne is reported, in early secondary sources, to have had a daughter named Mathilde whose marriage is not otherwise recorded[1420].� Masnata commented that the chronology is correct and the onomastics favourable, as the name Juan passed into the Cerda family after this marriage[1421].� He also quoted the Continuator of the Chronique de Jean de Saint-Victor which names "filz au roy d�Espagne et�une dame de Normandie" as the parents of "monseigneur Aufour" (which refers to Alphonse de la Cerda, son of Alfonso and his wife Mathilde)[1422].� It should nevertheless be emphasised that Masnata has not identified a primary source which confirms that his hypothesis is correct.� She was Infante don Alfonso's mistress from [1288/89].�

Alfonso & his wife had [eight] children:�

1. ALPHONSE de la Cerda dit d'Espagne (in France [1289][1423]-Gentilly, near Paris 15 Apr 1327).� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Luis de la Cerda, Juan Alonso, Ines Alonso" as the children of "D. Alonso Guedella" and his wife "D. Mafalda"[1424].� Archdeacon of Paris, he renounced his ecclesiastical appointments on the request of Charles IV King of France, who created him Baron de Lunel Dec 1324.� On his marriage, he was given the towns of Tafalla, Capparoso and Uxue.� Governor (Lieutenant du Roi) in Languedoc Autumn 1326.� The testament of �Alfonsus de Ispania dominus de Lunello miles�, dated 15 Apr 1327, chose burial �in ecclesia Fratrum Predicatorum Parisiensium�, bequeathed revenue from �terre mee...in Navarra� to �genitor meus� until �Karolus filius meus� reached 16 years of age, with the consent of �Isabellis...consortis mee�, and bequeathed property to �Henrico archidiacono fratri meo�[1425].� He died from a fever.� The necrology of Paris Notre-Dame records the death "V Kal Mai" 1327 of "Alphonsus de Hispania dominus de Lunello miles"[1426].� m (1325) as her second husband, ISABELLE d'Antoing, widow of HENRI de Louvain Heer van Gaesbeck en Herstal, daughter of HUGUES [V] Seigneur d'Antoing et d'Epinoy & his wife Marie d�Enghien (-6 Dec 1354, bur Antoing).� The Continuator of the Chronique de Jean de Saint-Victor records that "monseigneur Aufour" (which refers to Alphonse de la Cerda, son of Alfonso and his wife Mathilde) married "la demoiselle de Gant"[1427].� Dame d�Antoing et d�Epinoy.� Pr�v�te de Douai, Ch�telaine de Gand. �The testament of �Alfonsus de Ispania dominus de Lunello miles�, dated 15 Apr 1327, bequeathed revenue from �terre mee...in Navarra� to �genitor meus� until �Karolus filius meus� reached 16 years of age, with the consent of �Isabellis...consortis mee�[1428].� She married thirdly (contract 16/17 Jul 1327) as his second wife, Jean [II] Vicomte de Melun Comte de Tancarville.� An epitaph in the church of Antoing records the death 6 Dec 1354 of "Isabeau dame d�Antoing, d�Espinoy, Sottingien, Chastelain� de Grand jadis femme�� Henry de Lovain, apr�s � Monsieur Alfons d�Espagne et apr�s � Monsieur le Vicomte de Meleum Camberlench de France Segneur de Blandy et de Monstruel"[1429].� Alphonse & his wife had one child:�

a) CHARLES d'Espagne ([1326]-murdered l'Aigle 6 Jan 1354).� The testament of �Alfonsus de Ispania dominus de Lunello miles�, dated 15 Apr 1327, bequeathed revenue from �terre mee...in Navarra� to �genitor meus� until �Karolus filius meus� reached 16 years of age, with the consent of �Isabellis...consortis mee�[1430].� He succeeded his father in 1327 as Seigneur de Lunel (part).� He was the favourite of Jean II King of France.� Conn�table de France 1346, and 1350.� The king installed him as Seigneur de Benon, de Fontenay-L'Abatu, d'Archai, de La Roche, de Cognac et d'Agoux, and Comte d�Angoul�me, replacing Carlos II King of Navarre.� Governor of Picardie and Artois.� �Hugues de Melun sire d�Antoing, d�Epinoy et ch�telain de Gand et Marguerite de Picquegny son �pouse� confirmed letters, issued by �Jehan vicomte de Melun chambellan de France sire de Monstruel et Belloy et d�Isabelle dame d�Antoing et d�Epinoy vicomtesse de Melun, p�re et m�re du dit Hugues� and signed by �son fr�re Charles d�Espaigne seigneur de Lunel� dated 26 Jul 1347, relating to a foundation in the church of Antoing by charter dated 10 Jul 1369[1431].� He was murdered at the auberge "La Truite qui file" at L'Aigle on the orders of the king of Navarre who was jealous of his influence over the king of France.� The Chronique des r�gnes de Jean II et de Charles V records that �monseigneur Charles roys de Navarre et contes d�Evreux� ordered the killing of �monseigneur Charles d�Espaigne, lors connestable de France� 8 Jan 1353 (O.S.) �en la ville de Laigle en Normandie, en une hostelerie�[1432].� m (1351) MARGUERITE de Blois-Ch�tillon, daughter of CHARLES de Blois-Ch�tillon Seigneur de Guise Comte de Penthi�vre [claimant to the Duchy of Bretagne] & his wife Jeanne de Bretagne-Penthi�vre Dss de Bretagne ([1339]-[1354]).� The Chronique des r�gnes de Jean II et de Charles V records the marriage in 1351 of �monseigneur Charles d�Espaigne lors connestable de France...[conte] d�Angoulesme� and �la fille monseigneur Charles de Bloise duc de Bretaingne�[1433].�

2. HENRI de la Cerda (in France [1290]-4 Mar [1329]).� Archdeacon of Paris, succeeding his brother Alphonse [1324], whose library he inherited.� The testament of �Alfonsus de Ispania dominus de Lunello miles�, dated 15 Apr 1327, bequeathed property to �Henrico archidiacono fratri meo�[1434].� The necrology of Paris Notre-Dame records the death "IV Non Mar" of "Henricus de Hispania archidiaconus Josaii"[1435].�

3. LOUIS de la Cerda (in France [1291]-La Motte du Rh�ne 5 Jul 1348).� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Luis de la Cerda, Juan Alonso, Ines Alonso" as the children of "D. Alonso Guedella" and his wife "D. Mafalda"[1436].� "Luis de la Cerda y Juan de la Cerda su hermano" agreed a division of property by charter dated 15 Nov 1327[1437].� He was in Castile for the coronation of King Alfonso XI 1332.� He served Philippe VI King of France.� Seigneur de Talmont, after receiving the town of Talmont-sur-Gironde and l'Ile d'Ol�ron 1339 as recompense.� He took part in the war of succession in Brittany, ended with the Peace of Malestroit 19 Jan 1343, during which he acquired a large fortune.� Turning his attention to founding his own kingdom in the Canary Islands, Pope Clement VI created him "Prince de Fortunie" granting him the suzerainty of the islands 15 Nov 1344.� Although he set off to conquer the islands, he received little support and appears never to have reached them.� Comte de Clermont et de Talmont, Admiral of France.� Will dated 30 Jun 1348.� m firstly (Seville 1306) LEONOR de Guzm�n Se�ora de Huelva, daughter of ALFONSO P�rez de Guzm�n Se�or de Medina Sidonia & his wife Mar�a de Coronel (Ceuta Apr 1287-Seville after 23 Jul 1341).� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Juan Alonso de Guzman, D. Isabel de Guzman, D. Leonor de Guzman" as the children of "Alonso Perez de Guzman", illegitimate son of "D. Pedro Nu�ez de Guzman", and his wife "D. Maria Alonso", an earlier passage recording that "D. Luis de la Cerda" married "D. Leonor"[1438].� The testament of "do�a Leonor de Guzm�n se�ora del Puerto de Santa Mar�a" is dated 23 Jul 1341[1439].� m secondly (11 Mar 1346) as her first husband, GUYOTTE d'Uz�s, daughter of ROBERT [I] Vicomte d'Uz�s & his second wife Guyotte de Posqui�res Dame de Bellegarde et de Broussan (end 1332-1399 or after).� She married secondly (5 Apr 1361) Aymar de Poitiers Seigneur de Chalan�on.� Louis & his first wife had eight children:

a) ALPHONSE de la Cerda (-young before 1341).�

b) MARIE de la Cerda (-young before 1341).

c) BLANCHE de la Cerda (-young before 1341).

d) FERDINAND de la Cerda (-young before 1341).

e) MARIE de la Cerda (-young before 1341).

f) LOUIS de la Cerda (Seville [1325]-15 Oct 1383).� Se�or de El Puerto de Santa Mar�a.� Seigneur de la Motte-du-Rh�ne, which he sold 8 March 1353.� He succeeded his father in 1348 as titular Prince of the Canary Islands.� Comte de Talmont.� A charter dated 30 Dec 1353 records the agreement between "sus hijos Juan de la Cerda, Luis de la Cerda y do�a Isabel de la Cerda se�ora de Cangas y de la Puebla de Asturias" dividing the assets of "pr�ncipe don Luis de la Cerda"[1440].� In his will, he bequeathed his French assets to the Abbaye de Saint-Gilles and his Spanish assets to his sister Isabel, who contested the will against the monks of Saint-Gilles.�

g) JUAN de la Cerda (Seville 1327-murdered Seville 1357).� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "Juan de la Cerda, Isabel de la Cerda" as the children of "D. Luis de la Cerda" and his wife "D. Leonor", adding that he was killed by "el Rey D. Pedro de Castilla"[1441].� Se�or de El Puerto de Santa Mar�a y Gibrale�n.� Se�or de Huelva.� A charter dated 30 Dec 1353 records the agreement between "sus hijos Juan de la Cerda, Luis de la Cerda y do�a Isabel de la Cerda se�ora de Cangas y de la Puebla de Asturias" dividing the assets of "pr�ncipe don Luis de la Cerda"[1442].� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Pedro I records that �Don Juan de la Cerda fijo de Don Luis � Don Alvar Perez de Guzman Se�or de Olvera� defected from King Pedro I in 1357 and went to Andaluc�a, triggered because the king wished to take �la muger de Don Alvar Perez, que era Do�a Aldonza Coronel fija de Don Alfonso Ferrandez Coronel, hermana que era de Do�a Maria Coronel muger del dicho Don Juan de Cerda�[1443].� He took part in the resistance in Andaluc�a to Pedro I "el Cruel" King of Castile, was captured and killed.� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Pedro I records his death in Seville in 1357[1444].� m ([1349]) MAR�A Coronel Se�ora de Aguilar, daughter of ALFONSO Fern�ndez Coronel Se�or de Aguilar & his wife Elvira de Biedma (Seville 1334-after 1411).� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Pedro I records that �Don Juan de la Cerda fijo de Don Luis de la Cerda� married �Do�a Maria Coronel fija [de] Don Alfonso Ferrandez�[1445].� A Clarissan nun in Seville after her husband died.� Juan had one illegitimate child by SOL Mart�nez, daughter of ---.�

i) MART�N Gonz�lez de la Cerda (Seville [1341]-in Portugal).� m VIOLANTE Alvares Pereira, daughter of ---� Ancestors of the PEREIRA DE LACERDA family in Portugal.�

h) ISABEL de la Cerda (Seville [1329]-after 1383).� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "Juan de la Cerda, Isabel de la Cerda" as the children of "D. Luis de la Cerda" and his wife "D. Leonor", a later passage recording that "D. Rodrigo Perez Pon�o de las Asturias" married "D. Isabel de la Cerda" adding that the couple was childless[1446].� "Ruy P�rez Ponce de Le�n" confirmed receipt of the dowry of "do�a Isabel de la Cerda" by charter dated 11 Mar 1349[1447].� A charter dated 30 Dec 1353 records the agreement between "sus hijos Juan de la Cerda, Luis de la Cerda y do�a Isabel de la Cerda se�ora de Cangas y de la Puebla de Asturias" dividing the assets of "pr�ncipe don Luis de la Cerda"[1448].� Se�ora de Bembibre, Huelva y Gibrale�n.� Enrique II King of Castile confirmed "la propiedad de la villa del Puerto de Santa Mar�a" to "do�a Isabel de la Cerda" by charter dated 25 May 1366[1449].� She contested the will of her brother Louis against the monks of Saint-Gilles.� "Bernalt de Foix bastardo de Berane conde de Medinaceli" donated property to "su mujer do�a Isabel de la Cerda" by charter dated 15 Oct 1370[1450].� m firstly ([1346]) RODRIGO P�rez Ponce Se�or de Puebla de Asturias, Cangas y Tineo, son of PEDRO Ponce & his wife --- (-before 26 May 1354).� m secondly (Seville 15 Sep 1370) BERNARD de Foix b�tard de B�arn, illegitimate son of GASTON [III] Ph�bus Comte de Foix & his mistress --- (-before 1383).�

4. MARGARITA de la Cerda ([1293]-after 4 May 1328).� Se�ora de Lemos y Sarr�a.� The testament of "do�a Margarita de la Cerda, mujer de don Felipe infante de Castilla" is dated 4 May 1328[1451].� m (before Nov 1315) Infante don FELIPE de Castilla y Le�n Se�or de Cabrera y Ribera, son of SANCHO IV King of Castile and Le�n & his wife Mar�a de Molina (Seville 28 May 1292-Madrid Apr 1327).� No issue.�

5. JUAN Alfonso de la Cerda (in France [1295]-7 Aug 1347).� He lived most of his life in Portugal.� Se�or de Gibrale�n, Huelva, Real de Manzanares y Deza.� "Juan de la Cerda, hijo de Alonso de la Cerda" confirmed the privileges of Gibrale�n by charter dated 15 Feb 1320[1452].� "Luis de la Cerda y Juan de la Cerda su hermano" agreed a division of property by charter dated 15 Nov 1327[1453].� He finally left Portugal in 1337 to serve Alfonso XI King of Castile.� He fought at the battle of Salado near Tarifa 30 Oct 1340, which marked the end of the Muslim invasions.� m firstly ([1310]) dona MARIA Afonso de Portugal, illegitimate daughter of DINIZ King of Portugal & his mistress Marina G�mez (-before 1340).� m secondly (Gibrale�n 24 May 1340) as her second husband, MAR�A Fern�ndez de Luna, widow of JUAN Alfonso de Haro Se�or de Cameros, daughter of ARTAL de Luna [Ricohombre de Arag�n] & his wife Constanza de Arag�n Se�ora de Segorbe (-[1347]).� Juan & his first wife had two children:

a) BEATRIZ de la Cerda (in Portugal [1311]-early 1325).� Betrothed to Infante don PEDRO de Arag�n, Conde de Ribagorza y Ampurias, son of JAIME II King of Aragon & his second wife Blanche of Sicily (1305-Pisa 4 Nov 1381).�

b) ALPHONSE de la Cerda (in Portugal [1313]-in battle Quimperl� 1342).� He fought with his cousin Louis de la Cerda in the war of succession in Brittany.�

Juan had [two] illegitimate children by an unknown mistress or mistresses:�

c) [MAR�A Alfonso.� Salazar y Castro states that Pedro N��ez de Guzm�n, son of �lvaro P�rez de Guzm�n, married "do�a Mar�a de la Cerda"[1454].� However, in another section of his work, he says that "do�a Mar�a de la Cerda Se�ora de Gibrale�n" was the wife of Pedro�s father[1455].� Her parentage has not been ascertained.� Some secondary works state that she was the illegitimate daughter of Juan Alfonso de la Cerda [Castilla] Se�or de Gibrale�n, and the connection with this property makes this an attractive possibility.� The uncertainty about her paternity is noted by Dupont[1456].� m PEDRO N��ez de Guzm�n Se�or de Manzanedo, son of �LVARO P�rez de Guzm�n & his wife [Urraca Alfonso].]�

d) ALFONSO de la Cerda (-after 1393).� Se�or de Pu�ete y Sardoal.� m firstly LUISA de Meneses.� m secondly MAYOR Mart�nez de Sousa Se�ora de Lavega de Armijo, daughter of JUAN Mart�nez de Sousa Se�or de la Vega de Armijo & his wife Agnes de Casaus.� Alfonso & his first wife had one child:�

i) JUAN Alfonso de la Cerda (-after 1393).� Se�or de Pu�ete y Sardoal.� m MAR�A de Alb�rnoz Se�ora de Villoria, [niece of Cardinal Gil de Alb�rnoz] daughter of �LVAR Garc�a de Alb�rnoz Se�or de Utiel Moya y Torralba & his wife Teresa Rodr�guez.� Juan & his wife had three children:�

(a) LUIS de la Cerda.� He succeeded his mother as Se�or de Villoria.� m ISABEL de Rojas, daughter of FERNANDO de Herrera Se�or de Ampudia & his wife In�s de Rojas.� Luis & his wife had one child:�

(1) LUIS de la Cerda (-1469).� He succeeded his father as Se�or de Villoria, Castrillo y Ventrosilla.� m FRANCISCA de Casta�eda Se�ora de Penalba, daughter of JUAN Rodr�guez de Casta�eda Se�or de Hormaza & his wife Juana de Guzm�n (-Seville after 13 Dec 1503).� Luis & his wife had one child:�

a. JUANA de la Cerda (-1503).� She succeeded her father as Se�ora de la Cerda, Castrillo y Ventrosilla.� m DIEGO de Z��iga Duque de Bejar.�

(b) JUAN de la Cerda.�

Alfonso & his second wife had one child:

ii) LEONOR de la Cerda.� Se�ora de la Vega de Armijo.� m LUIS Mesia (-8 Oct 1427).�

6. MAR�A de la Cerda (in Spain 1305-before 19 May 1354).� Se�ora de Villafranca de Valcarcel.� m ([1330]) ALFONSO Mel�ndez de Guzm�n, son of MENENDO de Guzm�n & his wife --- (-Gibraltar 1342).� No issue.��

7. IN�S de la Cerda (in Spain [1307]-shortly after 24 Oct 1362, bur Monastery of Santa Clara de Villalobos).� Salazar y Castro records her parentage and marriage[1457].� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Fernan Roiz de Villalobos" as the child of "D. Ruy Gil de Villalobos" and his wife "D. Teresa Alonso", adding that Fernando married "D. Ines Alonso" by whom he had "D. Juan Roiz de Villalobos, D. Maria, D. Blanca"[1458].� An earlier passage in the same source names "D. Luis de la Cerda, Juan Alonso, Ines Alonso" as the children of "D. Alonso Guedella" and his wife "D. Mafalda"[1459].� The husband of In�s Alfonso de la Cerda is identified by Salazar y Castro as Fernando Rodr�guez de Villalobos, son of Rodrigo Gil de Villalobos, cousin of Fernando Rodr�guez[1460].� It is assumed therefore that the Nobiliario has conflated the two individuals.� Se�ora de Bembibre.� She founded the monastery of Santa Clara in Villalobos.� The testament of "do�a In�s de la Cerda se�ora de Villalobos, mujer de Fern�n Rodr�guez de Villalobos, ricohombre de Castilla" is dated "1392.05.19 (era)"[1461].� m ([1325]) FERNANDO Rodr�guez de Villalobos Se�or de Villalobos y Autillon, son of RODRIGO de Villalobos (-1349, bur Monastery of Santa Clara de Villalobos). �

8. [ISABEL de la Cerda .� Salazar y Castro records that Rodrigo �lvarez married "do�a Isabel de la Cerda, hija de D. Alonso de Espa�a Se�or de Lunel y de Isabel de Antoing vizcondesa de Gante"[1462].� However, this suggested parentage appears chronologically impossible.� Assuming that it is correct that Rodrigo �lvarez did marry "Isabel de la Cerda", it is possible that she was the daughter of Infante don Alfonso de la Cerda.� m RODRIGO �lvarez de Asturias Se�or de Noro�a, Gir�n y Trast�mara, son of PEDRO �lvarez de Asturias & his wife Sancha Rodr�guez de Lara (-1334).]�

D.�� Descendants of Infante don JUAN de CASTILLA [son of ALFONSO X King of Castile]: Se�ores de VALENCIA de Campos

Infante don JUAN de Castilla y Le�n, son of ALFONSO X "el Sabio" King of Castile & his wife Infanta do�a Violante de Arag�n (Seville [15 May/25 Jul] 1260-Vega de Granada 25 Jun 1319, bur Burgos).� Twin with his brother Pedro.� Se�or de Valencia de Campos, Oropesa, Baena, Ponferrada, Villafranca de Valcarcel, Bembibre, Castroverde, Valderas, Due�as y Luque.� Alf�rez mayor of his father Alfonso X King of Castile 7 Jul 1277 to 10 Jan 1284.� Alfonso X King of Castile "con la Reyna do�a Yolant mi muger y con nuestros fijos el Infante don Sancho fijo mayor y heredero, y con don Pedro, y D. John, y D. Jaymes" donated "la villa de Caztalla" to the Order of Calatrava by charter dated 1279[1463].� He at first sided with his brother Sancho in revolt against their father, but reconciled himself with the latter who, by will, named Infante don Juan ruler in Seville and Badajoz, although this was never implemented.� Mayordomo mayor of his brother King Sancho IV 20 Aug 1284 to 7 Jan 1285.� He rebelled against his brother, joining Abu Yakub King of Morocco to retake Tarifa for the Moors.� The Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis records that �Rex Dns Sancius� captured �Infantem Dnm Joannem germanium proprium� in May 1287[1464].� He claimed the crown of Castile, alleging that King Sancho IV's children were illegitimate as the king was related to his wife in the third degree.� Imprisoned until 1292.� The Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis records that �Infans Dns Joannes� declared himself �Regem Legionis� in Jul 1297[1465].� The Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis records that �Infans Dns Joannes� made peace with �Regi Dno Fernando� in Jul 1300 and ceased calling himself king[1466].� Alf�rez mayor of his great nephew Alfonso XI "el Justo" King of Castile 20 Apr 1312 to 2 Aug 1318.� The Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis records the death in Jun 1319 of �Infantes Dns Joannes et Dns Petrus, in Vega Granat��[1467].� He died of apoplexy while preparing another campaign against the Moors.�

m firstly (Burgos 1281) as her second husband, MARGHERITA di Monferrato, widow of --- Pallavicini, daughter of GUGLIELMO VII Marchese di Monferrato & his wife Isabel de Clare (-1286).� The Chronica Jacobi de Aquis, dated to 1334, records that "Marchio Guliermus" and his wife "filiam regis Angli�" had a daughter "Margaritam" who married in Spain, a later passage naming her husband "Zoanne figlolo di Alphonso Re di Spagna"[1468].� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos records that "El Infante D. Juan" married "D. Margarita hija del Marques de Monferrato"[1469].� Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the testament of "Johannes�marchio Montisferrati", dated 18 Jan 1305, which appoints as his heirs "filios Alaxine sororis sue condam et uxoris Puncelli de filiis Ursi", and failing them "filium Margarite sororis sue condam uxoris Johannis infantis de Yspania de Castella"[1470].�

m secondly (before 11 May 1287) MAR�A D�az de Haro Se�ora de Vizcaya, daughter and heiress of LOPE D�az de Haro Se�or de Vizcaya & his wife Juana Alfonso de Molina ([1274]-monastery of Perales 3 Nov 1342).� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Diego que murio mo�o, D. Maria" as the children of "El Conde D. Lope se�or de Biscaya", an earlier passage in the same source recording that "El Infante D. Juan" married "D. Maria"[1471].� Her inheritance was disputed by her uncle Diego [V] de Haro, whom her husband defeated.� The testament of "do�a Maria�reyna de Castilla, de Leon, y se�ora de Molina", dated 29 Jun 1321, names "el Rey D. Fernando mio fijo", makes donations for the souls of "el Rey don Sancho�do�a Blanca mi hermana se�ora que fue de Molina...el Ynfante D. Enrique mio fijo", provides for "el Rey don Alfonso mio nieto�la Infanta do�a Isabel mi fija�Infante don Felipe mio fijo�do�a Maria mia sobrina muger que fue del Infante d. Juan"[1472].� Edward II King of England wrote to �domin� Mari� qu� fuit uxor Infantis domini Johannis de Ispania, domin� de Biscaye consanguine� regis Angli�� requesting her support in certain negotiations by charter dated 1 Apr 1324[1473].� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Enrique II records in 1373 the claim made by �Do�a Maria de Lara fija de Don Ferrando de la Cerda� to �las tierras de Lara � de Vizcaya�, which states that �Don Lope...una fija...Do�a Maria...Se�ora de Vizcaya� married �el Infante Don Juan de Castilla�[1474].�

Infante Juan & his first wife had one child:

1. ALFONSO de Castilla ([1282/83]-Morales Aug 1316).� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D Juan Alfonso" as the son of "El Infante D. Juan" and his wife "D. Margarita hija del Marques de Monferrato"[1475].� Se�or de Valencia de Campos y Mansilla, during the lifetime of his father, whom he predeceased.��

-�� see below.�

Infante Juan & his second wife had three children:

2. LOPE D�az de Haro ([1288]-after 1295). �The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.�

3. MAR�A D�az de Haro ([1292]-Torrelobat�n before 1299).� The Cr�nica del Rey Fernando IV records that �don Juan Nu�ez� had married �una fija deste infante don Juan, que non avia de edad m�s de tres a�os�[1476].� The primary source which confirms her name has not yet been identified.� m ([1295]) as his second wife, JUAN N��ez de Lara, Se�or de Lara y Albarrac�n, son of JUAN N��ez de Lara Se�or de Lara & his [first] wife Teresa �lvarez de Azagra Se�ora de Albarrac�n ([before 1273]-Burgos Jul 1315 or after 16 Sep 1315).�

4. JUAN de Castilla "el Tuerto" (after 1293[1477]-murdered Toro 2 Dec 1326).� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Juan" as the son of "El Infante D. Juan" and his wife "D. Maria", adding that he was blind in one eye and therefore called "el Tuerto"[1478].� He succeeded as Se�or de Vizcaya, by right of his mother.�

-�� SE�ORES de VIZCAYA.�

Don ALFONSO de Castilla, son of Infante don JUAN de Castilla y Le�n, Se�or de Valencia de Campos & his first wife Margherita di Monferrato ([1282/83]-Morales Aug 1316).� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D Juan Alfonso" as the son of "El Infante D. Juan" and his wife "D. Margarita hija del Marques de Monferrato"[1479].� Se�or de Valencia de Campos y Mansilla, during the lifetime of his father, whom he predeceased.� The Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis records the death in Aug 1316 of �Dns Alfonsus, filius Infantis Dni Joannis, in Morales, rure Taurensi�[1480].�

m firstly (Palencia [1302]) TERESA N��ez de Lara, daughter of JUAN N��ez de Lara Se�or de Lara & his [first/second wife Teresa �lvarez de Azagra Se�ora de Albarrac�n/Teresa D�az de Haro] (-[1314]).� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Alvaro Nu�ez, D. Juan Nu�ez, D. Nu�o Gon�alez. D. Juana Nu�ez la Palomilla, D. Teresa Nu�ez" as the children of "D. Juan Nu�ez el Gordo" and his wife "D. Teresa Alvarez", and earlier passage recording that "D Juan Alfonso" married "D. Teresa Nu�ez" by whom he was childless[1481].� The Cr�nica del Rey Fernando IV records the marriage of �don Alfonso, fijo del infante don Juan� and �do�a Teresa, hermana de don Juan Nu�ez�, dated to [1303] from the context[1482].�

m secondly ([1314]) JUANA Fern�ndez de Castro, daughter of FERNANDO Rodr�guez de Castro Se�or de Lemos y Sarr�a & his wife Violante S�nchez de Castilla.�

Alfonso & his second wife had two children:

1. FERNANDO Alfonso de Valencia (posthumously 1316-killed in battle Lisbon 1384).� Twin with his brother Alonso.� He succeeded his grandfather in 1319 as Se�or de Valencia de Campos, Oropesa, Mansilla, Baena, Ponferrada, Villafranca de Valc�rcel, Bembibre, Castroverde, Valderas, Due�as y Luque.� Grand Master of the Order of Santiago.� m dona MARIA de Portugal, illegitimate daughter of AFONSO IV "o Osado" King of Portugal & his mistress ---.� Fernando & his wife had three children:�

a) JUAN de Valencia (-[1412]).� He succeeded his father in 1384 as Se�or de Valencia de Campos, Oropesa, Mansilla, Baena, Ponferrada, Villafranca de Valc�rcel, Bembibre, Castroverde, Valderas, Due�as y Luque.� Marshal of Castile.�

-�� see below.�

b) ALFONSO de Valencia.� m MENC�A de Quesada y C�rcamo, daughter of PEDRO de Quesada Se�or de Garciez & his wife Juana de C�rcamo.

c) FERNANDO de Valencia (-young Abbaye de Montmartre).� A monk of the Order of St J�r�me.

2. ALONSO de Valencia (posthumously 1316-after 1355).� Twin with his brother Fernando.� Bishop of Zamora 1355.

Don JUAN de Valencia, son of FERNANDO Alfonso de Valencia, Se�or de Valencia de Campos & his wife dona Maria de Portugal (-[1412]).� He succeeded his father in 1384 as Se�or de Valencia de Campos, Oropesa, Mansilla, Baena, Ponferrada, Villafranca de Valc�rcel, Bembibre, Castroverde, Valderas, Due�as y Luque.� Marshal of Castile.�

m firstly BEATRIZ de Acu�a, daughter of MART�N III de Acu�a Conde de Valencia & his wife Teresa T�llez Gir�n.�

m secondly MAR�A Cabeza de Vaca, daughter of NU�O Cabeza de Vaca Se�or de Arenillas & his wife Catalina de Torres.�

Juan & his first wife had three children:�

1. DIEGO de Valencia (-[1462]).� He succeeded his father in [1412] as Se�or de Valencia de Campos, Oropesa, Mansilla, Baena, Ponferrada, Villafranca de Valc�rcel, Bembibre, Castroverde, Valderas, Due�as y Luque.� Marshal of Castile.� m ALDONZA de Brancamonte, daughter of �LVARO Davila Se�or de Penaranda y Fuente el Sol & his wife Juana de Brancamonte.� Diego & his wife had four children:�

a) ALFONSO de Valencia.� He succeeded his father in [1462] as Se�or de Valencia de Campos, Oropesa, Mansilla, Baena, Ponferrada, Villafranca de Valc�rcel, Bembibre, Castroverde, Valderas, Due�as y Luque.� Marshal of Castile.� m JUANA Perres de Sotomayor, daughter of JUAN Perres Se�or de Castronuovo & his wife Juana de Sotomayor.� Alfonso & his wife had one child:�

i) ANTONIA de Valencia.� Se�ora de Valencia.� m FADRIQUE Manrique Se�or de Fuenteaguinaldo.

b) JUANA de Valencia (-2 Oct 1522).� m PEDRO Hurtado de Mendoza.� Adelantado de Cazorla.� No issue.

c) BEATRIZ de Valencia.� m JUAN de Benavides Se�or de Jabalquinte.�

d) ISABEL de Valencia.� m GARC�A de la Cuadra Se�or de Pina y Penalba.�

2. ALFONSO Tellez Gir�n.� Se�or de Piqueras.� Caballerizo Mayor of Enrique IV King of Castile.� m BLANCA Pacheco.� Alfonso & his wife had one child:�

a) JUAN de Valencia.� He succeeded his father as Se�or de Piqueras.� m BEATRIZ de Villegas.� Juan & his wife had one child:�

i) GUYOMAR.� She succeeded her father as Se�ora de Piqueras.� m GARC�A de Alarc�n Se�or de Albaladejo.

3. FERNANDO de Valencia.� Commander of the Order of Santiago.�

Juan & his second wife had two children:

4. GONZALO de Valencia.

5. IN�S de Valencia.� m as his second wife, ENRIQUE de Acu�a y Portugal Se�or de Villalba del Alcor.

Juan had one illegitimate child by an unknown mistress:�

6. ALONSO de Valencia.�

Chapter 5.�� KINGS OF CASTILE & LE�N 1369-1504 (TRAST�MARA)

ENRIQUE Alfonso, illegitimate son of ALFONSO XI "el Justo" King of Castile and Le�n & his mistress Leonor de Guzm�n Se�ora de Medina Sidonia (Seville 13 Jan [1334]-Santo Domingo de la Calzada 29 May 1379, bur Burgos Santa Mar�a).� Twin with his brother Fadrique: the Cr�nica del Rey Alfonso XI records the birth 13 Jan in Seville of �Don Enrique et Don Fadrique fijos del Rey et de Do�a Leonor�[1483].� Salazar y Castro records that Rodrigo �lvarez de Asturias, Se�or de Noro�a, Gir�n y Trast�mara appointed as his heir Enrique Alfonso, illegitimate son of Alfonso XI King of Castile, who later succeeded as Enrique II King of Castile[1484].� His father installed him as Se�or de Noro�a, and as Conde de Trast�mara, Lemos y Sarr�a in 1345.� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Pedro I names �Don Enrique Conde de Trastamara � Don Fadrique Maestre de Santiago su hermano� as the sons of King Alfonso XI and �Do�a Leonor de Guzman� who accompanied their father�s body for burial at Seville[1485].� He led a long and bitter rebellion against his half-brother, King Pedro I, who had murdered his mother.� Defeated at Toledo 1355 following his first revolt, he fled to France.� A further defeat in 1360 was followed by a second period of exile.� He invaded Castile once more in March 1366, supported by French troops led by Bertrand Du Guesclin.� After conquering Burgos, he proclaimed himself King of Castile 5 Apr 1366 at the monastery of Huelgas: Ayala�s Cr�nica de Pedro I records that �el Conde Don Enrique� declared himself king �en Calahorra� in 1366[1486].� He entered Toledo early May, and Seville in June 1366.� King Enrique II donated property to Segovia, for the souls of his parents and �del dicho Don Pedro mio fijo� and for the salvacion of �de la Reyna Do�a Juana mi muger, � de los Infantes Don Juan � Do�a Leonor � Do�a Juana mios fijos � suyos de la dicha Reyna Do�a Juana mi muger�, by charter dated 26 Jan 1367[1487].� Pedro I fled to Portugal in early 1366, but returned to defeat Enrique at N�jera in April 1367 with support from English troops.� From his exile in France, Enrique gained support from the Papacy, regrouped with the army of the Comte de Foix, and invaded again, conquering Le�n 15 Jan 1368.� After confirming his longstanding alliance with France at Toledo in November 1368, he finally defeated Pedro at Montiel in March 1369.� Following Pedro's murder, Enrique proclaimed himself as ENRIQUE II "�l de las Mercedes" King of Castile and Le�n at Calahorra.� Crowned at Las Huelgas.� Dom Fernando I King of Portugal, with the support of Pedro IV King of Aragon, challenged Enrique, claiming to be the legitimate heir of Castile.� The Portuguese blockaded the Guadalquivir river, but Enrique's forces defeated them at Sanl�car de Barrameda in August 1370, ending the threat of a joint Portuguese/Aragonese invasion of Castile.� Fernando renounced his claim under the Peace of Alcoutim signed March 1371.� Strained relations with Portugal continued, Enrique invading Portugal end-1372 and entering Lisbon February 1373.� He forced Fernando to agree to expel the supporters of his predecessor, confirmed by the Peace of Santarem signed in March 1373, as well as by his brother Sancho's marriage to Fernando's half-sister.� Relations with Aragon were also tense throughout Enrique's reign, with Pedro IV continuing to claim the Kingdom of Murcia which he had agreed to return to Castile under the Treaty of Bin�far in 1363.� Hostilities were successively suspended by peace treaties signed at Alca�iz in 1371, at Almaz�n 12 Apr 1375 (sealed by the marriage of Pedro's daughter with Enrique's son) and at Briones 31 Mar 1379.� During his reign, Enrique II restored order to Castile, was magnanimous to his opponents, and carried out numerous reforms.� He distributed lands to his supporters, laying the foundation for the development of the Spanish nobility.� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Enrique II records the death 29 May 1379, aged 46 years and 5 months, of �El Rey Don Enrique� at �Sancto Domingo� and his burial at Burgos �en el cabildo de Sancta Maria en la capilla...de Sancta Catalina�[1488].� The testament of �Don Enrique...Rey de Castilla, de Leon, de Toledo, de Galicia, de Sevilla, de Cordoba, de Murcia, de Ja�n, del Algarbe, de Algecira, � Se�or de Molina�, dated at Burgos 29 May 1374, requested his burial �en la Iglesia de Sancta Maria de Toledo�, bequeathed property to �la Reyna Do�a Juana mi muger...Don Alonso mi fijo...Don Fadrique mi fijo...(appointing �Do�a Beatriz su madre� as his guardian until he was 14 years old)...Do�a Leonor mi fija (in case her marriage with �Don Alfonso fijo del Marques de Villena�, to whom she is betrothed, does not take place)...Do�a Juana mi fija (in case her marriage with �Don Pedro fijo del Marques de Villena�, to whom she is betrothed, does not take place)...Do�a Costanza mi fija (assuming the contract for her to marry �el Infante Don Dionis� is finalised)...Don Hernando mi fijo...Do�a Maria mi fija...Do�a Elvira I�iguez madre de los dichos Don Alonso � Do�a Juana mis fijos...Beatriz Ferrandez madre de la dicha Do�a Maria mi fija...Leonor Alvarez madre de la dicha Do�a Leonor mi fija...el Infante Don Juan mi fijo...la Infanta mi fija...al Infante Don Carlos de Navarra...desposada...otros de nuestros fijos � fijas que avemos avido�, especially remembered �Do�a Juana de Castro...Men Rodriguez de Benavides...Do�a Maria fija de Don Alonso Fernandez Coronel, muger que fu� de Don Juan�, and transferred �las villas de Tordehumos � Medina de Rioseco� which belonged to �Do�a Leonor de Castro nuestra sobrina, fija de Do�a Juana nuestra hermana� to �Don Fadrique mi fijo�[1489].�

m (27 Jul 1350) JUANA Manuel de Castilla, daughter of JUAN Manuel de Castilla Se�or de Villena, Pe�afiel y Escalona & his third wife Blanca de la Cerda (1339-Salamanca 27 Mar 1381, bur Toledo Santa Mar�a).� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Pedro I records that �el Conde Don Enrique� was already betrothed to �Do�a Juana fija de Don Juan Manuel� when he started visiting his mother in prison in Seville (dated to [Jun/Jul] 1350 and that she advised him to marry her immediately as she had heard from Juana�s brother �Don Ferrando Se�or de Villena� that King Pedro planned to terminate the betrothal and marry her either to �el Rey Don Pedro� himself or to �el Infante Don Ferrando de Aragon, primo del Rey�[1490].� She succeeded her niece in 1361 as Se�ora de Villena, Escalona y Pe�afiel.� King Enrique II donated property to Segovia, for the souls of his parents and �del dicho Don Pedro mio fijo� and for the salvacion of �de la Reyna Do�a Juana mi muger, � de los Infantes Don Juan � Do�a Leonor � Do�a Juana mios fijos � suyos de la dicha Reyna Do�a Juana mi muger�, by charter dated 26 Jan 1367[1491].� Se�ora de Lara y Vizcaya 1370.� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Juan I records the death 27 Mar 1381 at Salamanca of �la Reyna Do�a Juana� and her burial in �la cibdad de Toledo...en la Iglesia de Sancta Maria la mayor�[1492].�

Mistress (1): JUANA de Cifuentes, daughter of ---.� Sousa states that �Do�a Juana hija del Rey Don Enrique...habida en Do�a Juana de Cifuentes dama Aragonesa� married �el Infante Don Dionis de Portugal que tom� el t�tulo de Rey�[1493].�

Mistress (2): ELVIRA ��iguez de Vega, daughter of SUERO Fern�ndez de Vega Se�or de Villalobos & his wife ---.� The testament of �Don Enrique...Rey de Castilla, de Leon, de Toledo, de Galicia, de Sevilla, de Cordoba, de Murcia, de Ja�n, del Algarbe, de Algecira, � Se�or de Molina�, dated at Burgos 29 May 1374, bequeathed property to �...Don Alonso mi fijo...Do�a Juana mi fija (in case her marriage with �Don Pedro fijo del Marques de Villena�, to whom she is betrothed, does not take place)...Do�a Elvira I�iguez madre de los dichos Don Alonso � Do�a Juana mis fijos...�[1494].�

Mistress (3): ---.� The name of the mother of the king�s daughter Costanza is not known. �It is unlikely that she was Elvira I��guez de Vega, who is named in the king�s testament as mother only of his children Alfonso and Juana.�

Mistress (4): BEATRIZ Ponce de Le�n, daughter of PEDRO Ponce de Le�n Se�or de Marchena & his wife Beatriz de Arag�n-Ej�rica (-after 29 May 1374).� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Enrique II names �Do�a Beatriz Ponce� as mother of the king�s son �el Duque de Benavente Don Fadrique�[1495].� The testament of �Don Enrique...Rey de Castilla...�, dated at Burgos 29 May 1374, bequeathed property to �...Don Fadrique mi fijo...(appointing �Do�a Beatriz su madre� as his guardian until he was 14 years old)...�[1496].�

Mistress (5): BEATRIZ Fern�ndez, daughter of --- (-after 29 May 1374).� The testament of �Don Enrique...Rey de Castilla...�, dated at Burgos 29 May 1374, bequeathed property to �...Do�a Maria mi fija...Beatriz Ferrandez madre de la dicha Do�a Maria mi fija...�[1497].�

Mistress (6): LEONOR �lvarez, daughter of --- (-after 29 May 1374).� The testament of �Don Enrique...Rey de Castilla...�, dated at Burgos 29 May 1374, bequeathed property to �...Do�a Leonor mi fija (in case her marriage with �Don Alfonso [in a later passage called �Don Pedro�] fijo del Marques de Villena�, to whom she is betrothed, does not take place)...Leonor Alvarez madre de la dicha Do�a Leonor mi fija...�[1498].�

King Enrique II & his wife had four children:�

1. Infante don JUAN de Castilla y Le�n (Epila 24 Aug 1358-Alcal� de Henares 9 Oct 1390, bur Toledo Cathedral).� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Pedro I records the birth �en la villa de Epila� in 1358 of �al Conde Don Enrique un fijo...Don Juan...�[1499].� Se�or de Vizcaya y Lara by grant of his father in 1370.� Alf�rez mayor for his father 1371.� He succeeded his father 1379 as JUAN I King of Castile and Le�n, crowned at Las Huelgas 25 Jul 1379.�

-�� see below.�

2. Infante don PEDRO de Castilla y Le�n ([1359/65]-1366, bur Segovia).� King Enrique II donated property to Segovia, for the souls of his parents and �del dicho Don Pedro mio fijo� and for the salvacion of �de la Reyna Do�a Juana mi muger, � de los Infantes Don Juan � Do�a Leonor � Do�a Juana mios fijos � suyos de la dicha Reyna Do�a Juana mi muger�, by charter dated 26 Jan 1367[1500].� The naming of Pedro in this document, which otherwise only names the king�s legitimate children, suggests that Pedro was probably also legitimate.� An epitaph in Segovia records the burial in 1366 of �Infante Don Pedro, fijo del...Rey Don Enrique II�[1501].� Florez says that Pedro could not have been the son of Juana Manuel, whose itinerary he traces to Aragon in 1366, suggesting that he would not therefore have been buried in Segovia[1502].� He explains the reference to �Infante� in the epitaph by suggesting that the monument must have been placed long after Pedro�s death.� However, this is an unsatisfactory explanation in light of the 26 Jan 1367 charter quoted above and there seems no reason to exclude the possibility that Pedro�s body was transferred to Segovia at a later dated after his father proclaimed himself king.�

3. Infanta do�a LEONOR de Castilla y Le�n ([1363]-Olite 27 Feb 1415 or Pamplona 5 Mar 1416, bur Pamplona, Cathedral of Santa Mar�a la Real).� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Pedro I names �el Infante Don Juan, � la Infanta Do�a Leonor� as the children of �el Conde Don Enrique� and his wife �la Reyna Do�a Juana...fija de Don Juan fijo del Infante Don Manuel�[1503].� King Enrique II donated property to Segovia, for the souls of his parents and �del dicho Don Pedro mio fijo� and for the salvacion of �de la Reyna Do�a Juana mi muger, � de los Infantes Don Juan � Do�a Leonor � Do�a Juana mios fijos � suyos de la dicha Reyna Do�a Juana mi muger�, by charter dated 26 Jan 1367[1504].� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Enrique II records the betrothal proposal in 1371, as part of the peace agreement with Portugal, of �el Rey Don Ferrando de Portugal� and �la Infanta Do�a Leonor fija del Rey Don Enrique�, but the refusal by the Portuguese king because he was already married[1505].� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Enrique II records the betrothal in 1373 of �el Infante Don Carlos fijo primog�nito del Rey de Navarra� and �la Infanta Do�a Leonor fija del Rey Don Enrique� at Burgos, and in a later passage their marriage in Soria in May 1375[1506].� The testament of �Don Enrique...Rey de Castilla...�, dated at Burgos 29 May 1374, bequeathed property to �la Reyna Do�a Juana mi muger... el Infante Don Juan mi fijo...la Infanta mi fija...al Infante Don Carlos de Navarra...desposada...�[1507].� She left her husband with her daughters in 1390, returning to Castile where she lived at Valladolid and played an active political role.� She opposed her nephew Enrique III King of Castile, forming the League of Lillo together with her half-brother Fadrique de Castilla Duque de Benevente and cousin Pedro de Castilla Conde de Trast�mara.� King Enrique besieged her in her castle at Roa [mid-1394] and obliged her to return to her husband in February 1395.� m (contract Burgos 1373, Soria 27 May 1375) Infante don CARLOS de Navarra, son of CARLOS II "el Malo" King of Navarre & his wife Jeanne de France (Mantes, Yvelines 1361-Olite 8 Sep 1425, bur 10 Mar 1509 Pamplona, Cathedral of Santa Mar�a la Real).� He succeeded his father in 1387 as CARLOS III "el Noble" King of Navarre.�

4. Infanta JUANA de Castilla y Le�n (before 26 Jan 1367-before 29 May 1374).� King Enrique II donated property to Segovia, for the souls of his parents and �del dicho Don Pedro mio fijo� and for the salvacion of �de la Reyna Do�a Juana mi muger, � de los Infantes Don Juan � Do�a Leonor � Do�a Juana mios fijos � suyos de la dicha Reyna Do�a Juana mi muger�, by charter dated 26 Jan 1367[1508].� Juana presumably died before the testament of her father dated 29 May 1374 in which she is not named. �

King Enrique II had one illegitimate child by Mistress (1):�

5. JUANA de Castilla (-bur Guadalupe).� Sousa states that �Do�a Juana hija del Rey Don Enrique...habida en Do�a Juana de Cifuentes dama Aragonesa� married �el Infante Don Dionis de Portugal que tom� el t�tulo de Rey�, adding that the couple were buried �en Guadalupe�[1509].� m ([1376]) Infante dom DINIZ de Portugal, Senhor de Villar-Dompardo, Duque de Cifuentes y Escalona, son of PEDRO I "el Cruel" King of Portugal & his third wife In�s de Castro ([1354]-Castile 1397, bur Guadalupe).�

King Enrique II had two illegitimate children by Mistress (2):

6. ALFONSO Enr�quez (1355-Marans after 1395).� Created Conde de Gij�n y Nore�a by his father in Apr 1366.� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Enrique II records that in 1372 the king sent �al Conde Don Alfonso su fijo� to �Viana� which had been captured by a group of Castilian nobles in contravention of the peace agreement with Portugal[1510].� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Enrique II records that, dissatisfied with his betrothal arranged by his father, �el Conde Don Alfonso su fijo� left Castile �por mar � la Rochela...en Francia�[1511].� The testament of �Don Enrique...Rey de Castilla, de Leon, de Toledo, de Galicia, de Sevilla, de Cordoba, de Murcia, de Ja�n, del Algarbe, de Algecira, � Se�or de Molina�, dated at Burgos 29 May 1374, bequeathed property to �...Don Alonso mi fijo...Do�a Juana mi fija (in case her marriage with �Don Pedro fijo del Marques de Villena�, to whom she is betrothed, does not take place)...Do�a Elvira I�iguez madre de los dichos Don Alonso � Do�a Juana mis fijos...�[1512].� A powerful noble in the region of Asturias, he clashed with his half-brother King Juan I.� Imprisoned by the latter, he was freed in Sep 1391.� He continued to oppose King Enrique III after the latter's succession, but was besieged for several months in the fortress of Gij�n, until he surrendered in Sep 1395.� He fled to the English ports in France in an unsuccessful attempt to obtain help.� m (contract Burgos 9 Apr 1373, Burgos 1378) dona ISABEL de Portugal, illegitimate daughter of FERNANDO I King of Portugal & his mistress --- (1364-Marans, France after 1395).� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Enrique II records the agreement in 1373 for the marriage of �el Conde Don Alfonso fijo del Rey Don Enrique� and �otra fija del Rey de Portugal...Do�a Isabel, que ovo en una Due�a antes que casase�, as part of peace arrangements between Castile and Portugal brokered by �Don Guido Cardenal de Bolo�a Legado del Papa�, with �la cibdad de Viseo...Celorico � Linares� as her dowry[1513].� �D. Fernando...Rey de Portugal� granted �nossa Cidade de Viseu e os lugares de Linhares, e Cerolico e de Algodres� to �Conde�a D. Isabel minha filha...sposada per palavras de prezente com D. Affonso Conde de Noronha Senhor de Atera e de Ribeyra filho do...D. Anrique Rey de Castella e de Liom nosso irma�� by charter dated 2 Oct 1377[1514].� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Enrique II records the couple�s marriage in Burgos in 1378[1515].� Alfonso & his wife had six children:�

a) PEDRO Enr�quez .� Archbishop of Lisbon.� Illegitimate children by unknown mistresses:�

-�� HENRIQUES de NORONHA[1516].�

b) JUAN Enr�quez .�

c) FERNANDO Enr�quez de Noronha .� Conde de Villareal.� m BRITES de Menezes, daughter of PEDRO de Menezes Conde de Viana & his wife ---.�

-�� MARQUESES de VILLAREAL, DUQUES de VILLAREAL[1517].�

d) SANCHO Enr�quez de Noronha .� Conde de Odemira.� m MARIA de Sousa, daughter of GON�ALO Annes de Sousa Senhor de Mortagua.� She succeeded in 1415 as Senhora de Mortagua.� Sancho & his wife had one child:�

i) dona MARIA Enr�quez de Noronha .� She succeeded her father as Condesa de Odemira.� m (1465) AFONSO de Portugal, son of --- (-Seville 1483).� Conde de Faro 1469.�

e) ENRIQUE Enr�quez de Noronha .� m ---.�

-�� HENRIQUES de NORONHA[1518].�

f) CONSTANZA (-Guimaraes 26 Jan 1480, bur Guimaraes convent of S�o Francisco).� m (Sintra 23 Jul 1420) as his second wife, AFONSO Bastardo de Portugal, illegitimate son of JO�O I King of Portugal & his mistress dona Ines Peres Esteves ([Veiros Alentejo 10 Aug 1377]-Chaves [15] Dec 1461, bur Chaves).� Created Duque de Bragan�a 30 Dec 1442.� �

Alfonso had five illegitimate children by unknown mistresses:�

g) FERNANDO Enr�quez de Noronha .� Senhor de Alca�ovas.� m dona BRANCA de Sousa Senhora de Barbacena, daughter of MARTIM Afonso de Sousa de Mello & his wife ---.�

-�� HENRIQUES de NORONHA[1519].�

h) MART�N Enr�quez .�

i) DIEGO Enr�quez .� m MAR�A BEATRIZ de Guzm�n, daughter of ENRIQUE de Guzm�n Conde de Niebla & his wife ---.�

-�� HENRIQUES de NORONHA[1520].�

j) BEATRIZ .� m RUY Pereira .�

k) MAR�A Enr�quez .� m ��IGO de Zu�iga .�

7. JUANA de Castilla ([1357]-).� The testament of �Don Enrique...Rey de Castilla, de Leon, de Toledo, de Galicia, de Sevilla, de Cordoba, de Murcia, de Ja�n, del Algarbe, de Algecira, � Se�or de Molina�, dated at Burgos 29 May 1374, bequeathed property to �...Don Alonso mi fijo...Do�a Juana mi fija (in case her marriage with �Don Pedro fijo del Marques de Villena�, to whom she is betrothed, does not take place)...Do�a Elvira I�iguez madre de los dichos Don Alonso � Do�a Juana mis fijos...�[1521].� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Enrique II records the marriage in 1378 of �Don Pedro fijo del Marques de Villena� and �Do�a Juana fija del Rey Don Enrique�[1522].� m (Betrothed before 29 May 1374, 1378) PEDRO de Arag�n, son of ALFONSO de Arag�n "el Viejo" Marqu�s de Villena & his wife Violante Jim�nez de Aren�s ([1362]-killed in battle Aljubarrota 15 Aug 1385).� He succeeded his father [before 1385] as Marqu�s de Villena.�

King Enrique II had one illegitimate child by Mistress (3):�

8. CONSTANZA de Castilla.� The testament of �Don Enrique...Rey de Castilla...�, dated at Burgos 29 May 1374, bequeathed property to �...Do�a Costanza mi fija (assuming the contract for her to marry �el Infante Don Dionis� is finalised)...�[1523].� Se�ora de Alba de Tormes y Valencia de Campos.� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Juan I records that King Juan arranged the marriage of �Do�a Costanza su hermana� and �[el] Infante Don Juan de Portugal�[1524].� Betrothed (before 29 May 1374, contract presumably broken) to Infante dom DINIZ de Portugal, Senhor de Villar-Dompardo, Duque de Cifuentes y Escalona, son of PEDRO I "el Cruel" King of Portugal & his third wife In�s de Castro ([1354]-Castile 1397, bur Guadalupe).� m (Valencia 1379) as his second wife, Infante dom JO�O de Portugal, Duque de Valencia de Campos, Senhor de Porto de Moz Cea e Montelonso, son of PEDRO I "el Cruel" King of Portugal & his third wife In�s de Castro (Coimbra [1349]-Salamanca 1397, bur Salamanca San Stefano).� Created Se�or de Alba de Tormes 1383.�

King Enrique II had [two] illegitimate children by Mistress (4):

9. FADRIQUE de Castilla (-Almodovar del R�o 1394).� The testament of �Don Enrique...Rey de Castilla...�, dated at Burgos 29 May 1374, bequeathed property to �...Don Fadrique mi fijo...(appointing �Do�a Beatriz su madre� as his guardian until he was 14 years old)...�[1525].� He was granted the town of Benavente by his father in [1371/75].� Duque de Benavente.� He formed the League of Lillo, together with his half-sister Leonor Queen of Navarre and cousin Pedro de Castilla Conde de Trast�mara, against his nephew Enrique III.� The latter imprisoned him in Burgos July 1394 and confiscated his lands.� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Enrique II records the agreement in 1373 for the marriage of �el Duque de Benavente Don Fadrique, fijo del Rey Don Enrique � de una Due�a...Do�a Beatriz Ponce� and �la Infanta Do�a Beatriz fija del Rey Don Ferrando de Portugal � de la Reyna Do�a Leonor su muger�, as part of peace arrangements between Castile and Portugal brokered by �Don Guido Cardenal de Bolo�a Legado del Papa�[1526].� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Enrique III records that �Don Fadrique Duque de Benavente� unsuccessfully negotiated to marry �una fija bastarda del Maestre Davis, que se llamaba Rey de Portogal� in 1392[1527].� Betrothed (contract Burgos 9 Apr 1373) to Infanta dona BRITES de Portugal, daughter of FERNANDO I King of Portugal & his wife Leonor T�llez de Meneses (Coimbra end 1372-Madrigal after 1406 maybe [1409], bur Toledo Cathedral).� [Betrothed to LEONOR URRACA de Castilla "la Ricahembra" Condesa de Alburquerque, daughter of SANCHO Alfonso de Castilla Conde de Alburquerque [illegitimate son of Alfonso XI King of Castile] & his wife Infanta dona Brites de Portugal (1374-Medina del Campo 16 Dec 1435 Ayala�s Cr�nica de Enrique III records that, after the death of King Juan I, it was said that �Don Fadrique Duque de Benavente� had requested marriage with �Do�a Leonor Condesa de Alburquerque, fija del Conde Don Sancho hermano del Rey Don Enrique...la Se�ora mejor heredada que se fallaba en Espa�a� (listing all her lands), but that this would have endangered the interests of the new king Enrique III, so her betrothal was arranged with �el Infante Don Ferrando hermano del Rey� by �el Arzobispo de Toledo � los Maestres de Santiago � de Calatrava�[1528].]� m ([1392/93]) as her second husband, LEONOR de Castilla, widow of SANCHO de Rojas Se�or de Monz�n, illegitimate daughter of SANCHO Alfonso [de Castilla] Conde de Alburquerque & his mistress --- (before 1373-Toro).� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Enrique III records the proposal in 1392 for �Don Fadrique...Duque de Benavente� to marry �Do�a Leonor fija del Conde Don Sancho� after her husband �Dia Sanchez de Rojas� died[1529].� Fadrique & his wife had one child:�

a) LEONOR de Castilla ([1393/94]-Calabazanos 7 Sep 1470).� A later Abreviada (Continuator) of Ayala�s Cr�nica de Juan I records in 1380 that �de Diego Gomez fijo Pero Manrique� married �Do�a Leonor fija de Don Fadrique Duque de Benevente�[1530].� She became a Clarissan nun after her husband died.� m (1408) PEDRO Manrique de Lara y Mendoza 8^th Se�or de Amusco, Trevino, Navarrete, Oc�n, Redecilla y Paredes de Nava (-Valladolid 21 Sep 1440).

Fadrique had one illegitimate child by an unknown mistress:�

b) son (-after 1393).� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Enrique III records that �un fijo bastardo del Duque de Benavente� was proposed as hostage during negotiations for peace with Portugal in 1393[1531].�

10. [ENRIQUE de Castilla (-1404).� Salazar de Mendoza names �Don Enrique Conde de Cabra, Duque de Medinasidonia, Se�or de Alcal� y de Moron�, and Florez states that he was the son of �Do�a Beatriz Ponce de Leon�[1532].� Conde de Cabra.� Duque de Medina Sidonia.]

King Enrique II had one illegitimate child by Mistress (5):

11. MAR�A de Castilla (-before 1389[1533]).� The testament of �Don Enrique...Rey de Castilla, de Leon, de Toledo, de Galicia, de Sevilla, de Cordoba, de Murcia, de Ja�n, del Algarbe, de Algecira, � Se�or de Molina�, dated at Burgos 29 May 1374, bequeathed property to �...Do�a Maria mi fija...Beatriz Ferrandez madre de la dicha Do�a Maria mi fija...�[1534].� Se�ora de Villafranca.� m as his first wife, DIEGO Hurtado de Mendoza Se�or de Hita y Buitrago, son of PEDRO Gonz�lez de Mendoza Se�or de Hita & his third wife Aldonza de Ayala (1365-Guadalajara Jul 1404), bur Guadalajara, convent of San Francisco).��

King Enrique II had one illegitimate child by Mistress (6):�

12. LEONOR de Castilla (-after 26 Jun 1409).� The testament of �Don Enrique...Rey de Castilla...�, dated at Burgos 29 May 1374, bequeathed property to �...Do�a Leonor mi fija (in case her marriage with �Don Alfonso fijo del Marques de Villena�, to whom she is betrothed, does not take place)...Leonor Alvarez madre de la dicha Do�a Leonor mi fija...�[1535].� �Do�a Leonor fija del Rey D. Enrique...Se�ora de la villa de Duenyas� recorded that �en Sevilla la Condesa Do�a Beatriz mi hermana, muger que fu� del Conde Don Juan de Niebla� bequeathed property to �Don Enrique Conde de Niebla � � Don Alfonso � � Don Juan...sus fillos leg�timos�, that she had deprived �mis sobrinos sus herederos� of certain of the property, and therefore that she bequeathed property to them, by charter dated 26 Jun 1409[1536].� Betrothed (before 29 May 1374) to ALFONSO de Arag�n "el Joven", son of ALFONSO de Arag�n "el Viejo" Duque de Gand�a & his wife Violante Jim�nez Se�ora de la baron�a de Aren�s (after 1358-29 Nov 1425).� He succeeded his father in 1412 as Duque de Gand�a.�

King Enrique II had two illegitimate children by Mistress (6) or an unknown mistress:

13. BEATRIZ de Castilla (-before 26 Jun 1409).� Se�ora de Niebla.� Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the charter dated 26 Jun 1409 under which [her sister] �Do�a Leonor fija del Rey D. Enrique...Se�ora de la villa de Duenyas� recorded that �en Sevilla la Condesa Do�a Beatriz mi hermana, muger que fu� del Conde Don Juan de Niebla� bequeathed property to �Don Enrique Conde de Niebla � � Don Alfonso � � Don Juan...sus fillos leg�timos�, that she had deprived �mis sobrinos sus herederos� of certain of the property, and therefore that she bequeathed property to them[1537].� This document suggests that Beatriz must have been the full sister of Leonor, although this is not beyond all doubt. �Her absence from their father�s testament dated 29 May 1374 would be explained by her already being married at the time. �m (1371) JUAN Alfonso de Guzm�n Conde de Niebla, Se�or de Sanlucar de Barrameda, son of JUAN Alfonso de Guzm�n & his wife Urraca �lvarez (-5 Oct 1396).

14. FERNANDO de Castilla (1365-1438).� The testament of �Don Enrique...Rey de Castilla...�, dated at Burgos 29 May 1374, bequeathed property to �...Don Hernando mi fijo...�[1538].� The grant by his sister Leonor on his marriage, referred to below, suggests that they shared the same mother, although this is not beyond all doubt. �Se�or de Puenas e Alca�ovas.� m LEONOR Sarmiento, daughter of ---.� Pellicer records that �su hermana Do�a Leonor� granted �la mitad de la villa de Due�as� to Fernando� for his marriage to �Do�a Leonor Sarmiento�[1539].�

King Enrique II had two illegitimate children by unknown mistresses:

15. IN�S de Castilla (-after 31 Oct 1439).� Nun at Santa Clara de Toledo.� The testament of �don Henrique...Rey de Castilla...�, dated 24 Dec 1406, bequeathed property to �do�a Ines y a do�a Isabel mis tias, Monjas de Santa Clara de Toledo...�[1540].� Abbess of Toledo Santa Clara: Mar�a de Castilla Queen of Aragon notified �t�a nuestra, la abbadessa del monestir de Sancta Clara de Toledo� of her sadness for the death of �la infanta dona Caterina�nuestra�hermana� by charter dated 31 Oct 1439 at Zaragoza[1541].�

16. ISABEL de Castilla (-after 24 Dec 1406).� Torres names �Do�a Isabel� as a daughter of King Enrique II, adding that she married �clandestinamente con Don Gonzalo Nu�ez de Guzman Maestre que despues fu� de Alc�ntara�[1542].� Nun at Santa Clara de Toledo.� The testament of �don Henrique...Rey de Castilla...�, dated 24 Dec 1406, bequeathed property to �do�a Ines y a do�a Isabel mis tias, Monjas de Santa Clara de Toledo...�[1543].� m GONZALO N��ez de Guzm�n, son of ---.��

Infante don JUAN de Castilla y Le�n, son of ENRIQUE II "�l de las Mercedes" King of Castile and Le�n & his wife Juana Manuel de Castilla Se�ora de Villena, Pe�afiel y Escalona (Epila 24 Aug 1358-Alcal� de Henares 9 Oct 1390, bur Toledo Cathedral).� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Pedro I records the birth �en la villa de Epila� in 1358 of �al Conde Don Enrique un fijo...Don Juan...�[1544].� King Enrique II donated property to Segovia, for the souls of his parents and �del dicho Don Pedro mio fijo� and for the salvacion of �de la Reyna Do�a Juana mi muger, � de los Infantes Don Juan � Do�a Leonor � Do�a Juana mios fijos � suyos de la dicha Reyna Do�a Juana mi muger�, by charter dated 26 Jan 1367[1545].� Se�or de Vizcaya y Lara by grant of his father in 1370: Ayala�s Cr�nica de Enrique II records that the king granted �el Se�orio de Lara � de Vizcaya� to �su fijo el Infante Don Juan� after the death of his brother Tello, as they belonged �por herencia � la Reyna Do�a Juana su muger madre del dicho Infante�[1546].� Alf�rez mayor for his father 1371.� He succeeded his father in 1379 as JUAN I King of Castile and Le�n, crowned at Las Huelgas 25 Jul 1379.� Immediately faced with trouble from Portugal (who signed an alliance in July 1380 with John of Gaunt who claimed the throne of Castile by right of his wife), peace was temporarily restored by the peace of Elvas in August 1382 and confirmed by the betrothal of Infanta dona Brites, daughter of Fernando I King of Portugal, with Juan I's younger son Infante don Fernando.� On King Fernando's death, Juan I claimed the Portuguese throne by right of his wife.� He invaded Portugal 20 Dec 1383, captured Santarem the following month, and encircled Lisbon in March 1384.� He was defeated firstly at Los Atoleiros 6 April 1384, and again by the forces of Jo�o de Aviz (who had proclaimed himself king of Portugal at Coimbra 6 Apr 1385) at Trancoso in May 1385 and, decisively, at Aljubarrota 14 Aug 1385.� John of Gaunt invaded Castile in July 1386 to enforce his claim to the Castilian throne, quickly overrunning Galicia.� He pushed further into Castile in March 1387, but was eventually obliged to withdraw and sign the Treaty of Bayonne in July 1388 (under which the marriage of King Juan's older son to John of Gaunt's daughter was agreed).� Juan's reign was marked by centralisation of the power of the monarchy, including the re-establishment of the Royal Council.� He died after falling from his horse.� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Juan I records the death 9 Oct 1390 of �el Rey Don Juan� at Alcal� de Henares after falling from his horse and his burial in Toledo �en la Iglesia de Sancta Maria�[1547].� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Enrique III quotes the testament of �Don Juan...Rey de Castilla, de Leon, de Portogal...�, dated 21 Jul 1385, which requests burial �en la Iglesia Catedral de la cibdad de Toledo�, provides for the guardianship of his two sons[1548].�

m firstly (Betrothed 12 Apr 1374, Soria 18 Jun 1375) Infanta do�a LEONOR de Arag�n, daughter of PEDRO IV "el Ceremonioso" King of Aragon & his third wife Eleonora di Sicilia [Aragon] (Santa Mar�a del Puig 20 Feb 1358-Cuellar 13 Sep 1382, bur Toledo Santa Mar�a).� Her marriage was arranged as part of the arrangements for peace with Castile agreed at Almaz�n 12 Apr 1374 and at L�rida 10 May 1375.� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Enrique II records the betrothal in 1374 of �el Rey Don Enrique...[el] Infante Don Juan su fijo� and �[el] Rey Don Pedro de Aragon...la Infanta Do�a Leonor su fija�, and the marriage in Soria in May 1375[1549].� Pedro IV King of Aragon offered condolences to Juan I King of Castile for the death �s�bado, a XIII d�as del mes de setiembre m�s cerca passado� of �la Reyna, vuestra muger e nuestra filla� by charter dated 7 Oct 1382[1550].� She died in childbirth.� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Juan I records that �la Reyna Do�a Leonor� died �en la villa de Cuellar de parto de una fija...la qual vivi� poco tiempo despues� and that she was buried in �la cibdad de Toledo...en la Iglesia de Sancta Maria�[1551].�

m secondly (Elvas 14 May 1383) Infanta dona BRITES de Portugal, daughter of FERNANDO I King of Portugal & his wife Leonor T�llez de Meneses (Coimbra end 1372-Madrigal after 24 Dec 1406 maybe [1409], bur Toledo Cathedral).� This marriage was arranged subsequent to the Peace of Elvas in Aug 1382, under which Infanta dona Brites was betrothed to Infante don Fernando de Castilla, younger son of Juan I King of Castile, when King Juan substituted himself as her husband after the death of his first wife.� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Juan I records the details of the negotiations for the marriage in 1382, the signing of the marriage contract in 1383, and the marriage in �la villa de Yelves�[1552].� She succeeded her father in 1383 as dona BRITES Queen of Portugal.� Deposed 1383.� The testament of �don Henrique...Rey de Castilla...�, dated 24 Dec 1406, provided annual maintenance to �la Reyna do�a Beatriz mi madre�[1553].�

King Juan I & his first wife had three children:�

1. Infante don ENRIQUE de Castilla y Le�n (Burgos 4 Oct 1379-Toledo 25 Dec 1406, bur Toledo Cathedral).� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Juan I records the birth 4 Oct 1379 at Burgos of �un fijo...Don Enrique...primog�nito...el qual es hoy Rey en Castilla� to �[el] Rey Don Juan...de la Reyna Do�a Leonor su muger...�[1554].� Alf�rez mayor for his father 1385.� Proclaimed Principe de Asturias on the eve of his wedding Sep 1388.� He succeeded his father in 1390 as ENRIQUE III "el Doliente" King of Castile and Le�n, under a Council of Regency headed by Juan Garc�a Manrique Archbishop of Santiago de Compostela until he was declared of age 2 Aug 1393.�

- see below.�

2. Infante don FERNANDO de Castilla y Le�n (Medina del Campo 27 Nov 1380-Igualada, near Barcelona 22 Apr 1416).� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Juan I records the birth 27 Nov 1380 at Medina del Campo of �un fijo...el Infante Don Ferrando, que es agora Se�or de Lara, � Duque de Pe�afiel, � Conde de Mayorga� to �[el] Rey Don Juan...de la Reyna Do�a Leonor su muger...�[1555].� Duque de Pe�afiel, Se�or de Lara.� Regent of Castile for his nephew Juan II King of Castile 1406.� Following the death in 1410 of Martin I "el Humano" last King of Aragon of the House of the counts of Barcelona, he was one of the five candidates for the throne of Aragon.� Fernando became the preferred successor, and under the Compromise of Caspe 25 Jun 1412 was chosen as FERNANDO I "�l de Antequera" King of Aragon, Sicily, Mallorca and Valencia, Conde de Barcelona, Urgel, Cerdagne and Roussillon, and crowned at Zaragoza Jan 1414.� Encountering strong opposition, especially from Pedro de Luna and Jaime Conde de Urgel, he took two years to be accepted as uncontested sovereign of Aragon.� Fernando's reversal of Aragonese support for the anti-pope Benedict XIII signalled the end of the schism in the Catholic church.�

�� -�� KINGS of ARAGON 1412-1516 (TRAST�MARA).�

3. Infanta do�a [LEONOR] de Castilla y Le�n (Cuellar 13 Sep 1382-young). �Ayala�s Cr�nica de Juan I records that �la Reyna Do�a Leonor� died �en la villa de Cuellar de parto de una fija...la qual vivi� poco tiempo despues�[1556].� She is named Leonor in secondary sources but the primary source on which this is based has not yet been identified. �

King Juan I & his second wife had [one child]:

4. [Infante don MIGUEL de Castilla y Le�n ([1384-1385], probably later).� Miguel is named in modern secondary works[1557].� Serrano casts doubt on his existence, which he says is confirmed only by 17th and 18th century secondary sources.� He suggests that confusion must have arisen with Miguel, son of Manoel I King of Portugal and his first wife Infanta do�a Isabel de Arag�n, who was born in 1498 and died in 1500[1558].� The earliest mention of Miguel, son of King Juan I, has been traced to two 17th century sources, neither of which cites primary sources in support of its statements.� Salazar de Mendoza (first published in 1618) names �el infante don Miguel que muri� ni�o� as the son of King Juan and his second wife[1559], and M�ndez Silva (in 1656) names �Don Miguel que muri� de poca edad a�o 1385� as the son of King Juan by his second marriage[1560], the latter presumably based on the former.� An indication that Serrano must be correct is provided by the testament of �Don Juan...Rey de Castilla, de Leon, de Portogal...� dated 21 Jul 1385, reproduced in the Cr�nica del rey Enrique III.� This document names �[el] Infante Don Enrique mi fijo...[el] Infante Don Ferrando mi fijo� but, in reference to �el derecho del Regno de Portogal�, records that �non podemos entender...que otro haya derecho en el Regno, salvo la Reyna mi muger y nos�, and specifically prohibits his elder son from taking the title king of Portugal unless this follows judgment by the Pope[1561].� The testament makes no mention of children by his second marriage either living, deceased, or to be born.� Nor does the Cr�nica refer to any later testament, which probably would have been issued if children had been born to the king�s second wife even if they had survived only a short time, as some amendment to the text relating to the king�s older son�s potential right to the Portuguese throne would have been necessary.� In a later passage, the Cr�nica specifically states that, apart from his two sons named above, King Juan �non ovo otros fijos leg�timos, nin en otra manera en ningund tiempo, salvo una Infanta de que mori� la Reyna Do�a Leonor su muger despues de parida, segund suso contamos�[1562].� The mention in this passage of the king�s daughter by his first marriage, who died young, strongly suggests that the chronicler would also have mentioned any short-lived children by the king�s second marriage if he had known about them.� In addition, there is no mention of the birth of any children to the king�s second marriage in Ayala�s Cr�nica de Juan I.� It is unlikely that the existence of any such children would have gone unnoticed because of the potential impact on the disputed Portuguese succession.� The name �Miguel� seems a surprising choice for a late-14th century prince in Spain and Portugal: no example of the name has been found in the Castilian or Portuguese royal families until the birth of King Manoel�s son more than a century later.� While it is difficult to prove a negative beyond all doubt, the wording of the Cr�nica points to Miguel never having existed.� If that is correct, it is difficult to understand the motive for inventing his existence, unless it really was simply a mistake as suggested by Serrano.� If Miguel did exist, the birth date of his supposed mother suggests that he would have been born somewhat later than 1385.]�

Infante don ENRIQUE de Castilla y Le�n, son of JUAN I King of Castile & his first wife Infanta do�a Leonor de Arag�n (Burgos 4 Oct 1379-Toledo 25 Dec 1406, bur Toledo Cathedral).� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Juan I records the birth 4 Oct 1379 at Burgos of �un fijo...Don Enrique...primog�nito...el qual es hoy Rey en Castilla� to �[el] Rey Don Juan...de la Reyna Do�a Leonor su muger...�[1563].� Alf�rez mayor for his father 1385.� Proclaimed Principe de Asturias on the eve of his wedding Sep 1388.� He succeeded his father in 1390 as ENRIQUE III "el Doliente" King of Castile and Le�n, under a Council of Regency headed by Juan Garc�a Manrique Archbishop of Santiago de Compostela until he was declared of age 2 Aug 1393.� After his succession, he was opposed by powerful members of his family, his aunt Queen Leonor of Navarre, Fadrique de Castilla Duque de Benevente, Pedro de Castilla Conde de Trast�mara and Alfonso Enr�quez Conde de Nore�a, who formed the League of Lillo to challenge his authority as King.� However, with the help of nobles who formed the rival League of Illescas, Enrique eventually succeeded in establishing his authority by 1395, confiscating the lands of his rebellious relatives.� Enrique III was able to improve relations with England because of his marriage, without breaking the long-standing commitments to France as this coincided with a lull in the hundred years war.� This enabled Castile to increase trade along the English Channel, as far as Bruges.� Enrique also established the first Spanish contact with the Canary Islands in 1393.� Relations with Portugal degenerated once more, Portugal capturing Badajoz in May 1396, in revenge for which Castilian troops under Ruy L�pez D�valos burned Viseu.� Peace with Portugal was finally restored in 1402.� The plague of 1401 was a further setback.� Enrique started the construction of many buildings in Madrid, notably the Prado palace, and the Miraflores in Burgos.� He died soon after declaring war on the Muhammad VII, Nazari King of Granada, who had occupied the castle of Ayamonte.� The testament of �don Henrique...Rey de Castilla...�, dated 24 Dec 1406, requested burial �en la Iglesia Catedral de Santa Maria de Toledo� with his grandparents and parents, appointed as his heir �[el] Principe don Juan mi hijo� under the joint guardianship of �la Reyna do�a Catalina mi muger y el Infante don Fernando mi hermano�, bequeathed property to �do�a Ines y a do�a Isabel mis tias, Monjas de Santa Clara de Toledo...la Infanta do�a Maria mi hija [...desposada con don Alonso mi sobrino, hijo del Infante don Fernando mi hermano]...la otra Infanta do�a Catalina mi hija�, and provided annual maintenance to �la Reyna do�a Beatriz mi madre�[1564].� An epitaph in Toledo Cathedral records the death 2 Jun 1418 at Valladolid of �el...rey don Henrique...hijo del...rey don Juan, nieto del...rey don Henrique...nacio en Burgos dia de San Francisco, murio dia de Navidad en Toledo, yendo a la guerra de los Moros con nobles del reyno...1407�[1565].�

Betrothed (1380) to Infanta dona BRITES de Portugal, daughter of FERNANDO I King of Portugal & his wife Leonor T�llez de Meneses (Coimbra end 1372-Madrigal after 1406 maybe [1409], bur Toledo Cathedral).� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Juan I records the betrothal in 1380 in Soria of �la Infanta Do�a Beatriz fija del Rey Don Ferrando� and �el Infante Don Enrique fijo del Rey Don Juan que estonce nasciera�[1566].�

m (Palencia Sep 1388, consummated Madrid Feb 1393) KATHARINE of Lancaster, daughter of JOHN of Gaunt Duke of Lancaster & his second wife [Infanta] do�a Constanza de Castilla y Le�n (Hertford Castle [6 Jun 1372/31 Mar 1373]-Valladolid 2 Jun 1418, bur Toledo Cathedral).� A late 15th century/early 16th century manuscript names �Katerinam post hereditariam reginam Hispaniarum� as the child of �Johannes Gaunt Dux Lancastrie et quartus filius Edward III� and his second wife �Constanciam filiam regis Hispaniarum�[1567].� Her marriage was agreed in July 1388 under the Treaty of Bayonne, when her father renounced his claim to the throne of Castile.� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Juan I records the betrothal of �[el] Infante Don Enrique fijo primog�nito del Rey Don Juan de Castilla� and �Do�a Catalina fijo [del]...Duque [de Alencastre � la Duquesa Do�a Costanza su muger]� as part of the peace arrangements agreed at Bayonne in 1388[1568].� The will of "John son of the King of England, Duke of Lancaster", dated 3 Feb 1397, chose burial �in the cathedral church of St Paul, of London...beside my...late wife Blanch�, bequeathed property to �Dame Katherine del Staple...my...wife Katherine...my...brother the Duke of York...my...son Henry Duke of Hereford, Earl of Derby...my...daughter Philippa Queen of Portugal...my...daughter Katherine Queen of Castile and Leon...my...daughter Elizabeth Duchess of Exeter...my...son John Beaufort Marquis of Dorset...my...son the Bishop of Lincoln...my...son Thomas Beaufort...my...daughter their sister Countess of Westmoreland and Lady of Nevil...my...son John brother to...Henry...Mons. Thomas Swyneford...Mons Walter Blount...�[1569].� Joint Regent of Castile for her son Juan II, after her husband's death, sole Regent from the death of her brother-in-law in 1416.� The testament of �don Henrique...Rey de Castilla...�, dated 24 Dec 1406, appointed as his heir �[el] Principe don Juan mi hijo� under the joint guardianship of �la Reyna do�a Catalina mi muger y el Infante don Fernando mi hermano�[1570].� An epitaph in Toledo Cathedral records the death 2 Jun 1418 at Valladolid of �la...reyna do�a Catalina de Castilla y Leon muger del...rey don Henrique, madre del...rey don Juan...hija del...principe don Juan primogenito del rey de Inglaterra, Duque de Guiana y Alencastre, y de la Infanta do�a Constan�a primogenita y heredera de los reynos de Castilla...� and her burial there 10 Sep 1419[1571].�

King Enrique III & his wife had three children:�

1. Infanta do�a MAR�A de Castilla y Le�n (Segovia 14 Sep 1401-Valencia 7 Sep 1458).� Pss de Asturias, until the birth of her brother in 1405.� The testament of �don Henrique...Rey de Castilla...�, dated 24 Dec 1406, bequeathed property to �...la Infanta do�a Maria mi hija [...desposada con don Alonso mi sobrino, hijo del Infante don Fernando mi hermano]...la otra Infanta do�a Catalina mi hija�[1572].� Regent of Aragon, alternately with her brother-in-law Juan Infante de Arag�n Duque de Pe�afiel, during her husband's frequent absences in Italy.� m (Valencia 12 Jun 1415) her first cousin, Infante don ALFONSO de Arag�n, son of FERNANDO I "�l de Antequera" King of Aragon & his wife Leonor Urraca de Castilla Ctss de Alburquerque (Medina del Campo 1394-Naples 26 Jun 1458).� He succeeded in 1416 as ALFONSO V "el Magnanimo" King of Aragon, Sicily and Naples.� No issue.�

2. Infanta do�a CATALINA de Castilla y Le�n (1403-Zaragoza 19 Oct 1439).� The testament of �don Henrique...Rey de Castilla...�, dated 24 Dec 1406, bequeathed property to �...la Infanta do�a Maria mi hija...la otra Infanta do�a Catalina mi hija�[1573].� Duquesa de Villena.� She died in childbirth: Mar�a de Castilla Queen of Aragon informed �el infant donm Enrich d�Aragon e de Sicilia, nuestro...hermano� that �la...infanta dona Caterina, nuestra...hermana, vuestra muger� had died �en parto...el d�a present...[de] hun fillo muerto� by charter dated 19 Oct 1439 at Zaragoza[1574].� �m (Torre de Alamin 12 Jul 1420) her first cousin, Infante don ENRIQUE de Arag�n Conde de Alburquerque, son of FERNANDO I "�l de Antequera" King of Aragon & his wife Leonor Urraca de Castilla Ctss de Alburquerque (1400-Calatayud 15 Jun 1445).� Created Duque de Villena.�

3. Infante don JUAN de Castilla y Le�n (Toro 6 Mar 1405-Valladolid 20 Jul 1454, bur Burgos).� The testament of �don Henrique...Rey de Castilla...�, dated 24 Dec 1406, appointed as his heir �[el] Principe don Juan mi hijo� under the joint guardianship of �la Reyna do�a Catalina mi muger y el Infante don Fernando mi hermano�[1575].� He succeeded his father in 1406 as JUAN II King of Castile and Le�n.��

-�� see below.�

Infante don JUAN de Castilla y Le�n, son of ENRIQUE III "el Doliente" King of Castile and Le�n & his wife Katharine of Lancaster (Toro 6 Mar 1405-Valladolid 20 Jul 1454, bur Burgos).� The testament of �don Henrique...Rey de Castilla...�, dated 24 Dec 1406, appointed as his heir �[el] Principe don Juan mi hijo� under the joint guardianship of �la Reyna do�a Catalina mi muger y el Infante don Fernando mi hermano�[1576].� He succeeded his father in 1406 as JUAN II King of Castile and Le�n, under the joint regency of his mother and his uncle Fernando until the latter's death in 1416, subsequently of his mother alone, and from her death in 1418 of his first cousins Infantes don Juan and don Enrique de Arag�n.� Declared of age at Madrid 7 March 1419.� Even after this, his cousin Enrique in particular exerted a powerful influence over Juan II, even sequestrating him and taking over the royal palace of Tordesillas in 1419.� Enrique reinforced his power by marrying the King's sister in 1420.� However, Infante Enrique's power was short-lived, he was arrested in Madrid in June 1422 and imprisoned.� King Juan II rapidly fell under the influence of �lvaro de Luna, appointed Constable of Castile in 1423.� Relations with Aragon deteriorated, with King Alfonso V threatening military invasion to release his brother, who was eventually set free in 1427.� The Aragonese invasion took place in 1429, but had little success.� Peace was restored by the Treaty of Majano in July 1430, the Castilian titles and assets of the Infantes de Arag�n being confiscated.� �lvaro de Luna's power continued to grow, provoking discontent among the Castilian nobility which came to a head when King Juan II ordered the detention of Pedro Manrique in August 1437.� While Juan de Navarra's rehabilitation was confirmed in Toledo Sep 1436, when his Castilian income was restored to him, Medina de Rioseco rebelled against �lvaro de Luna.� The latter was banished from court for 6 months under the "Seguro de Tordesillas", the outcome of a series of conferences between the Infantes, the nobility and de Luna himself, renewed for 6 years at Medina del Campo in 1441.� Juan de Navarra pushed his advantage too far with the coup d'�tat of R�maga in 1443, reducing King Juan II to a virtual prisoner but further antagonising the Castilian nobility.� Aragon's invasion ended with Castile's victory at Olmedo 14 May 1445, which marked the definitive eclipse of the Infantes of Aragon in Castile.� The decline of �lvaro de Luna's influence was hastened by the hatred of Juan II's new Queen Isabel de Portugal.� He was eventually assassinated in Valladolid in 1453.

m firstly (Avila 4 Aug 1420) his first cousin, Infanta do�a MAR�A de Arag�n, daughter of FERNANDO I "�l de Antequera" King of Aragon & his wife Leonor Urraca de Castilla Ctss de Alburquerque ([1396]-Villacasta 18 Feb 1445).�

m secondly (Madrigalejo [15] Aug 1447) Infanta dona ISABEL de Portugal, daughter of Infante dom JO�O de Portugal Duque de Beja & his wife dona Isabel de Bragan�a ([1428]-Arevalo 15 Aug 1496, bur Carthusian convent at Miraflora near Burgos).� When her husband died, she retired with her two children to the fortress of Arevalo, where she gradually went insane.�

King Juan II & his first wife had four children:

1. Infanta do�a CATALINA de Castilla y Le�n (Illescas 5 Oct 1422-Madrigal 17 Sep 1424, bur Santa Mar�a la Real de Madrigal).� Pss de Asturias.�

2. Infanta do�a LEONOR de Castilla y Le�n (Burgos 10 Sep 1423-La Espina 1425).� Pss de Asturias.�

3. Infante don ENRIQUE de Castilla y Le�n (Valladolid 4 Jan 1425-Madrid 11 Dec 1474, bur Madrid).� Principe de Asturias.� He succeeded his father in 1454 as ENRIQUE IV "el Impotente" King of Castile and Le�n.� On his succession, he decided to renew hostilities against the Moors.� He fell under the influence of Juan de Pacheco Marqu�s de Villena, who became chief minister but plotted Enrique's downfall in favour of his half-brother Alfonso.� He acknowledged his half-brother as his heir, over his daughter, and after Alfonso's death, the latter's sister Isabel.� Reversing this decision 26 Oct 1470, he betrothed his daughter to Charles Duc de Berry, but the Cortes refused to confirm this.� m firstly (Valladolid 15 Sep 1440, annulled 1453) Infanta do�a BLANCA de Navarra y Arag�n, daughter of Infante don JUAN de Arag�n, JUAN King of Navarre [later JUAN II King of Aragon] & his wife Blanche d'Evreux-Navarre ([Pe�afiel or Olite] [8 or 9] Jun 1424-Lescar 2 Dec 1464, bur Lescar Cathedral).� Her birth date is indicated by a �c�dule� of her parents, dated at Tudela 10 Jun 1436, which ordered reimbursement �d�avances faites le 8 juin � l�occasion du douzi�me anniversaire de Blanche�[1577], although it is not certain that the advances were made on the actual day of her birthday.� Desdevises du Dezert records her birth 7 Jun 1424[1578], citing Codina but he specifies only �� mediados de Junio de 1424�� (no source cited)[1579].� R. Anthony records that �Dans ses notes manuscrites extraites des Archives d�Olite, Moret donne comme date de cette naissance le 9 juin� (no source citation), and adds that �Quant au lieu de naissance, ce fut Pe�afiel ou Olite� (no sources cited)[1580].� Yanguas records the marriage in Valladolid �del�principe de Asturias con la infanta D^a Blanca, de edad ya ambos de quince a�os�[1581].� Sandoval also records the marriage at Valladolid[1582].� Desdevises du Dezert dates the marriage 15 Sep 1440[1583].� She succeeded her brother in 1461 as Pss de Viana, but was disinherited in Navarre by her father in favour of her younger sister.� R. Anthony records that �El�onore�ach�ve sa vie, prisionni�re � Orthez, puis a Lescar, de 1462 � 1464�, while a (contemporary?) manuscript records the place and date of her death[1584].� A �Placet adress� au roi par la ville de Lescar pour obtenir l'�rection de la statue de Louis XIV projet�e par la province de B�arn� records Blanca�s place of burial[1585].� m secondly (C�rdoba 20 May 1455) Infanta dona JUANA de Portugal, daughter of DUARTE I King of Portugal & his wife Infanta do�a Leonor de Arag�n (posthumously Monte Oliveto near Almada-Tojal [20] Mar 1439-Madrid 12 Dec 1475, bur Madrid).� She was the Mistress of PEDRO de Castilla "el Mozo" (son of PEDRO de Castilla "el Viejo" & his wife Beatriz de Fonseca y Ulloa), by whom she had two illegitimate children.� King Enrique IV & his second wife had one child:�

a) Infanta do�a JUANA de Castilla y Le�n (Alcazar de Madrid Feb 1462-Santa Clara de Coimbra 1530).� Pss de Asturias.� Her paternity was disputed by her enemies.� She was known as "la Beltraneja" after Beltr�n de La Cueva, who was reputed to be her mother's lover.� She was blocked from succeeding her purported father as Queen.� After Queen Isabel I's accession, Juana was recognised as Queen of Castile in Burgos, Le�n, Madrid, Toledo, Alcal� and Seville.� Alfonso V King of Portugal requested her hand in marriage, delivered her from Villena 12 May 1475, but his further progress was blocked after the indecisive battle at Toro 1 May 1476.� Infanta do�a Juana refused plans to marry Infante don Juan Principe de Asturias.� She became a nun 12 Oct 1480, settling in Lisbon 1493.� She refused an offer of marriage from Fernando King of Aragon in 1504.� She renounced all rights to Castile 1522 in favour of Jo�o III King of Portugal.�

4. Infanta do�a MAR�A de Castilla y Le�n ([1428]-after 1429, bur Due�as).

King Juan II & his second wife had two children:

5. Infanta do�a ISABEL de Castilla y Le�n (Madrigal de las Altas Torres 22 Apr 1451-Castillo de la Mota, Medina del Campo 26 Nov 1504).� Her mother took her to the fortress of Arevalo when her father died, but her half-brother Enrique IV recalled her and her brother to court in 1462.� Betrothed to Pr de Viana, she was also promised to Alfonso V King of Portugal, and to Gir�n, brother of Villena following the latter's machinations.� She succeeded her half-brother in 1474 as ISABEL I Queen of Castile and Le�n, insisting on governing Castile in her own not her husband's name.� She and husband successfully outmanoeuvred Portugal's plans to place Juana la Beltraneja on the throne.� Her achievements as Queen included reform of the privileges of the nobility, the cause of such difficulties for her two predecessors, and renovation of the legal system.� With the aim of achieving religious unification, she introduced the Inquisition 11 Aug 1480.� The reconquest of the final territories held by the Moors lasted 10 years, marked by defeats at Loja and Axarquia, but culminating in the capitulation of Granada 2 Jan 1492.� The expulsion of the Jews followed, with disastrous economic consequences for the country.� Isabel and her husband sponsored the voyage of Crist�bal Colon, resulting in the discovery of America which signalled the start of Spain's imperial expansion.� m (Valladolid 19 Oct 1469) as his first wife, Infante don FERNANDO de Arag�n, son of JUAN II King of Aragon and Navarre & his second wife Juana Enr�quez Se�ora de Casarrubios del Monte y Arroyojolinos (Soa 10 Mar 1452-Madrigualejo 25 Jan 1516).� He succeeded in 1479 as FERNANDO II King of Aragon, Sicily, Naples and Mallorca.�

-�� KINGS of ARAGON 1412-1516, House of Trast�mara.�

6. Infante don ALFONSO de Castilla y Le�n (Tordesillas 15 Sep[1586] 1453-Carde�osa 5 Jul 1468).� Condestable of Castile 8 Jul 1454.� Principe de Asturias.� His mother took him to the fortress of Arevalo when his father died, but his half-brother Enrique IV recalled him and his sister to court in 1462.� Alfonso became the puppet of Juan de Pacheco Marqu�s de Villena, ex-minister of the King, who plotted to depose Enrique and proclaim Alfonso king.� Enrique IV acknowledged Alfonso as his heir.� Villena proclaimed Alfonso King near Avila [Jun/Jul] 1465, this was recognised in Burgos, Toledo, C�rdoba and Seville.� He may have been poisoned by Villena.�

Chapter 6.�� KINGS of SPAIN 1516-1700 (HABSBURG)

�

KARL Archduke of Austria, son of PHILIPP Archduke of Austria [FELIPE I King of Castile] & his wife Infanta do�a Juana de Castilla y Arag�n [JUANA �la Loca� Queen of Castile] (Gent 24 Feb 1500-San Jeronimo de Yuste near Toledo 21 Sep 1558, bur San Jeronimo de Yuste, transferred 1574 to El Escorial).� Duc de Brabant 5 Jan 1515.� He succeeded his maternal grandfather in 1516 as CARLOS I King of Aragon and Castile, confirmed by the Cortes 7 Feb 1518 on condition of his abdication should his mother recover her reason.� A brief insurgence in his mother�s favour took place in Aug/Sep 1519, but it was crushed by King Carlos.� He succeeded his paternal grandfather in 1519 as Archduke of Austria, abdicated 1521.� Graf von Tirol 1519, abdicated 1522.� He was elected Emperor KARL V and King of the Romans 28 Jun 1519 at Frankfurt-am-Main, crowned at Aachen 22 Oct 1520.� Duke of Milan 1525-1529, and 1535-1540.� Crowned Emperor and King of Italy at Bologna 22 Feb 1530.� He abdicated as Duc de Brabant 25 Oct 1555 at Brussels.� He abdicated as King of Aragon and Castile 16 Jan 1556.� He abdicated as Emperor 12 Dec 1556.� The testament of �don Carlos...emperador de los romanos, rey de Alemania, de Castilla, de Leon, de Aragon...�, dated 6 Jun 1554, appointed �principe don Felipe...mi hijo primogenito� as heir in all his territories, with �infante don Carlos su hijo y nieto...su hijo mayor varon...y en defecto de varon, su hija mayor...la...infanta do�a Maria reina de Bohemia nuestra hija...la...infanta do�a Juana princesa de Portugal nuestra segunda hija...infante don Fernando rey de romanos y Ungria nuestro hermano...la...reina viuda de Francia do�a Leonor mi hermana� as subsequent successors, recorded that �estando en estas partes de Flandes, antes que casase ni desposase, hube una hija natural...Madama Margarita de Austria...al presente...casada con el duque Otavio Farnesio...con el duque Alejandro de M�dicis su primer marido difunto�[1587].� The codicil of �[el] emperador don Carlos...�, dated 9 Sep 1558 at Yuste monastery, requested burial at Yuste instead of Granada[1588].�

Betrothed (Lyon 12 Aug 1501, contract terminated at Tours 1506) to CLAUDE de France, daughter of LOUIS XII King of France & his second wife Anne Dss of Brittany (Ch�teau de Blois, Loir-et-Cher or Romorantin 13 Oct 1499-Ch�teau de Blois 20 Jul 1524, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).�

m (Sevilla 10 Mar 1526) Infanta dona ISABEL de Portugal, daughter of MANOEL I King of Portugal & his wife Infanta do�a Mar�a de Arag�n (Lisboa 4 Oct 1503-Toledo 1 May 1539, bur Granada, transferred 1574 to El Escorial).�

Mistress (1): JOHANNA van der Ghenst, daughter of GELIS van der Ghenst and his wife Johanna van der Coye (-15 Dec 1541).� Serrure refutes a report that �Marguerite van Gest�, mother of Margarita de Austria, was adopted when five years old by Antoine de Lalaing Comte de Hoogstraten, after her parents �Jean Van Gest et Marie Coquambe� both died of plague in 1510, and that she was brought up in his household[1589].� He reproduces a notarial attestation dated 29 Oct 1561 naming �feu Gelis Vander Ghenst et damoiselle Jeanne Van der Coye sa femme� as parents of �damoiselle Jehanne van der Gheenst...m�re de...la Ducesse de Parme et de Plaisans, gouvernante des pays de parde�a�, who later married �M. Jehan Van den Dycke�, and three other children[1590].� She married Jean van den Dycke.�

Mistress (2): ---.� The identity of Carlos/Karl�s second mistress is not known.�

Mistress (3): URSOLINA della Penna, daughter of ---.�

Mistress (4): BARBARA Blomberg, daughter of WOLFGANG Blomberg [Plumberger] & his wife Sibilla Lohman (Regensburg [1527/28]-Ambrosero 18 Dec 1597).� She married ([1551]) Hieronymus Kegel alias Pyramius.� Gachard describes him as �un pauvre h�re qui se maria...dans le but de parvenir � quelque chose�, adding that the marriage probably took place in 1551 when Dutch accounts first record payments to Hieronymus[1591].�

Carlos/Karl & his wife had six children:�

1. Infante don FELIPE of Spain Archduke of Austria (Valladolid 21 May 1527-El Escorial 13 Sep 1598, bur El Escorial).� Duke of Milan 1540, 1554.� King of Naples 1554.� Duc de Brabant 25 Oct 1555.� He succeeded in 1556 on the abdication of his father as FELIPE II King of Spain, Sicily and Sardinia.�

-�� see below.�

2. Infanta do�a MAR�A of Spain Archduchess of Austria (Madrid, Royal Alcazar 21 Jun 1528-Madrid 26 Feb 1603, bur Madrid, Nuestra Se�ora de la Consolaci�n).� Betrothed (Peace Treaty of Cr�py en Laonnais 18 Sep 1544) to CHARLES de France Duc d�Angoul�me, son of FRAN�OIS I King of France & his first wife Claude de France (Ch�teau de Saint-Germain-en-Laye 22 Jan 1522-Abbaye de Forest-Montiers near Abbeville, Somme 9 Sep 1545, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� m (Valladolid 13 Sep 1548) her first cousin, MAXIMILIAN Archduke of Austria, son of Emperor FERDINAND I Archduke of Austria & his wife Anna Pss of Hungary & Bohemia (Vienna 31 Jul 1527-Regensburg 12 Oct 1576, bur Prague St Veit).� He was elected Emperor MAXIMILIAN II in 1564.�

3. Infante don FERNANDO Archduke of Austria (22 Nov 1529-13 Jul 1530, bur El Escorial).�

4. Infanta do�a JUANA of Spain Archduchess of Austria (Madrid 26 Jun 1535-El Escorial 7 Sep 1573, bur Madrid, Nuestra Se�ora de la Consolaci�n).� m (Toro 7 Dec 1552) dom JO�O Principe de Portugal, son of JO�O III King of Portugal & his wife Katharina Archduchess of Austria (Evora 3 Jun 1537-Lisbon 2 Jan 1554, bur Belem).�

5. Infante don JUAN of Spain Archduke of Austria (19 Oct 1537-20 Mar 1538).�

6. stillborn son (Toledo [30 Apr] 1539).� Sandoval records that the empress gave birth to �un ni�o muerto� before she died[1592].�

Carlos/Karl had one illegitimate child by Mistress (1):�

7. MARGARITA de Austria (Oudenaarde 28 Dec 1522-Ortona, Parma 18 Jan 1586, bur Rome).� The testament of �don Carlos...emperador de los romanos, rey de Alemania, de Castilla, de Leon, de Aragon...�, dated 6 Jun 1554, recorded that �estando en estas partes de Flandes, antes que casase ni desposase, hube una hija natural...Madama Margarita de Austria...al presente...casada con el duque Otavio Farnesio...con el duque Alejandro de M�dicis su primer marido difunto�[1593].� Stadhouderin of the Netherlands 1559-1567.� m firstly (Naples 18 Jan or 29 Feb 1536) ALESSANDRO de' Medici Duke of Florence, illegitimate son of LORENZO II de' Medici, Duke of Urbino & his mistress --- (1510-murdered Florence 6 Jan 1537, bur Florence).� m secondly (Rome 4 Nov 1538) OTTAVIO Farnese, son of PIER LUIGI Farnese Duke of Parma & his wife Gerolama Orsini (9 Oct 1524-18 or 21 Sep 1586).� He succeeded his father in 1547 as OTTAVIO Duke of Parma and Piacenza.�

Carlos/Karl had one illegitimate child by Mistress (2):�

8. JUANA de Austria (Castile 1523-1530). �

Carlos/Karl had one illegitimate child by Mistress (3):�

9. TADEA de Austria ([1523]- ----).� m ([1536]) SINIBALDO [or SINIDALDO] di Copeschi, son of ---.�

Carlos/Karl had one illegitimate child by Mistress (4):�

10. JER�NIMO �don JUAN de Austria� (Regensburg [24 Feb] [1547]-Bouges near Namur 1 October 1578, bur El Escorial).� His year of birth is confirmed by a dispensation granted at Toledo in Feb 1560 to �don Juan de Austria� for him to swear allegiance to his nephew don Carlos despite being under 14 years of age[1594].� The year is further confirmed by a medal commemorating his victory at Lepanto (8 Oct 1571) which names �Joannes Austri�. Caroli V fil. aet. su. ann. XXIV�[1595].� By codicil dated 6 Jun 1554, Emperor Karl� declared that �en Allemagne, depuis la mort de l�imp�ratrice mon �pouse, j�ai eu d�une femme non mari�e un fils naturel...Ger�nimo� and provided for him[1596].� Having borne the name �Jer�nimo� as a child, Felipe II King of Spain acknowledged his half-brother 2 Oct 1559 and declared his name �don Juan de Austria�[1597].� Stadhouder of the Netherlands 1576-1578.� His life and exploits were discussed in detail by Stirling-Maxwell[1598].� Mistress (1): MAR�A de Mendoza, daughter of ---.� Strada names �Maria Mendozia splendissimi generis� as mother of Juan�s daughter �Annam�[1599].� Mistress (2): DIANA di Falangola from Sorrento, daughter of ---.� Strada names �Diana Phalanga nobili Surrentina� as mother of Juan�s daughter �Ioannam�[1600].� Mistress (3): ZENOBIA Saratosia, daughter of ---.� Juan had one illegitimate child by Mistress (1):

a) do�a ANA de Austria (1568-1600 or 1610).� Strada names �Maria Mendozia splendissimi generis� as mother of Juan�s daughter �Annam�, who entered �Burgos...in...Divi Benedicti gyn�ceum� as a nun[1601].� Abbess of las Huelgas, Burgos. �

Juan had one illegitimate child by Mistress (2):�

b) do�a JUANA de Austria (Naples 11 Sep 1573-7 Feb 1630). Strada names �Diana Phalanga nobili Surrentina� as mother of Juan�s daughter �Ioannam�, who was brought up in the convent of Santa Clara in Naples where she stayed for twenty years before marrying �Butero Principi in Sicilia�[1602].� m (Palermo Jul 1603) Francesco Branciforte Principe di Pietrapersia, son of --- (-1622).�

Juan had one illegitimate child by Mistress (3).

c) child ([1574]-young).�

Infante don FELIPE of Spain Archduke of Austria, son of Emperor KARL V Archduke of Austria [CARLOS I King of Aragon and Castile] & his wife Infanta dona Isabel de Portugal (Valladolid 21 May 1527-El Escorial 13 Sep 1598, bur El Escorial).� Duke of Milan 1540, 1554.� King of Naples 1554.� Duc de Brabant 25 Oct 1555.� He succeeded on the abdication of his father in 1556 as FELIPE II King of Spain, Sicily and Sardinia.� He succeeded 31 Jan 1580 as FELIPE I King of Portugal.�

m firstly (Salamanca 12 Nov 1543) Infanta dona MARIA de Portugal, daughter of JO�O III King of Portugal & his wife Katharina Archduchess of Austria (Coimbra 15 Oct 1527- Valladolid 12 Jul 1545, bur 1574 El Escorial).�

m secondly (Winchester Cathedral 24 Jul 1554) MARY I Queen of England, daughter of HENRY VIII King of England & his first wife Infanta do�a Catalina de Arag�n (Greenwich Palace 18 Feb 1516-St James�s Palace, London 17 Nov 1558, bur Westminster Abbey).�

m thirdly (contract Palais du Louvre 20 Jun 1559, by proxy Notre-Dame de Paris 22 Jun 1559, in person Guadalajara 2 Feb 1560) ELISABETH de Valois Pss de France, daughter of HENRI II King of France & his wife Catarina de' Medici (Ch�teau de Fontainebleau 2 Apr 1546-Madrid 3 Oct 1568, bur El Escorial).� She died in childbirth.�

m fourthly (Segovia 12 Nov 1570) his niece, ANNA Archduchess of Austria, daughter of Emperor MAXIMILIAN II Archduke of Austria, King of Bohemia & Hungary & his wife Infanta do�a Mar�a of Spain Archduchess of Austria (Cigales 2 Nov 1549-Baslajoz, Madrid 26 Oct 1580, bur El Escorial).�

Felipe II & his first wife had one child:�

2. Infante don CARLOS of Spain Principe de Asturias (Valladolid 8 Jul 1545-Madrid 24 Jul 1568, bur El Escorial).� The testament of �don Carlos...emperador de los romanos, rey de Alemania, de Castilla, de Leon, de Aragon...�, dated 6 Jun 1554, appointed �principe don Felipe...mi hijo primogenito� as heir in all his territories, with �infante don Carlos su hijo y nieto...su hijo mayor varon...� as subsequent successor[1603].�

Felipe II & his third wife had three children:�

3. Infanta do�a ISABEL CLARA EUGENIA of Spain (Segovia 12 Aug 1566-Brussels 1 Dec 1633, bur Brussels St Gudula).� Pss of the Netherlands 1599-1621.� Stadhouderin of the Netherlands and Franche-Comt� 1621-1633.� m (Valencia 18 Apr 1599) ALBRECHT Archduke of Austria, son of Emperor MAXIMILIAN II Archduke of Austria, King of Bohemia & Hungary & his wife Infanta do�a Maria of Spain Archduchess of Austria (Neustadt 15 Nov 1559-Brussels 13 July 1621, bur Brussels St Gudula).� Pr of the Spanish Netherlands.�

4. Infanta do�a CATALINA MICAELA of Spain (Madrid 10 Oct 1567-Torino 6 Nov 1597, bur Vicoforte).� m (Zaragoza 11 Mar 1585) CHARLES EMMANUEL I Duke of Savoy, son of EMMANUEL PHILIBERT Duke of Savoy & his wife Marguerite de France (Ch�teau de Rivoli 12 Jan 1562-Savigliano 26 Jul 1630).�

5. daughter (Aranjuez 3 October 1568-young, bur El Escorial).�

Felipe II & his fourth wife had five children:�

6. Infante don FERNANDO of Spain Principe de Asturias (Madrid 4 Dec 1571-Madrid 18 Oct 1578, bur El Escorial).�

7. Infante don CARLOS LORENZO of Spain (Madrid 12 Aug 1573-Madrid 30 Jun 1575, bur El Escorial).

8. Infante don DIEGO of Spain (Madrid 12 Jul 1575-Madrid 21 Nov 1582, bur El Escorial). Principe de Asturias on the death of his older brother in 1578.�

9. Infante don FELIPE of Spain (Madrid 14 Apr 1578-Madrid 31 Mar 1621, bur El Escorial).� Principe de Asturias on the death of his older brother in 1582.� He succeeded his father in 1598 as FELIPE III King of Spain, King of Naples and Sicily, and FELIPE II King of Portugal.�

-�� see below.�

10. Infanta do�a MAR�A of Spain (Madrid 14 Feb 1580-Madrid 5 Aug 1583, bur El Escorial).

Infante don FELIPE of Spain, son of FELIPE II King of Spain & his fourth wife Anna Archduchess of Austria (Madrid 14 Apr 1578-Madrid 31 Mar 1621, bur El Escorial).� Principe de Asturias 1582 on the death of his older brother.� He succeeded his father in 1598 as FELIPE III King of Spain, King of Naples and Sicily, and FELIPE II King of Portugal.�

m (Valencia 18 Apr 1599) MARGARETA Archduchess of Austria, daughter of KARL Archduke of Austria, Duke in Styria, Carinthia & Carniola & his wife Maria Anna Pss of Bavaria (Graz 25 Dec 1584-El Escorial 3 Oct 1611, bur El Escorial).�

Felipe III & his wife had children:�

1. Infanta do�a ANA of Spain (Valladolid 22 Sep 1601-Louvre 20 January 1666, bur Saint-Denis).� She was known as �Anne d'Autriche� in France.� She was created Dss de Bourbon et d'Auvergne, Ctss de Clermont, de la Marche et de Rodez 12 Oct 1643.� Regent during the minority of her son King Louis XIV from 18 May 1643 to 7 Sep 1651.� She was called �la Reine-m�re� from 7 Jun 1660.� m (by proxy Burgos 18 Oct 1615, in person Bordeaux 24 Nov 1615) LOUIS XIII King of France, son of HENRI IV King of France & his second wife Maria de' Medici Pss of Tuscany (Fontainebleau 27 September 1601-Saint-Germain-en-Laye 14 May 1643, bur Saint-Denis).�

2. Infanta do�a MAR�A� of Spain (Valladolid 1 Feb 1603-Valladolid 1 Mar 1603, bur El Escorial).�

3. Infante don FELIPE of Spain Principe de Asturias (Valladolid 8 April 1605-Madrid 17 Sep 1665, bur El Escorial).� He succeeded his father in 1621 as FELIPE IV King of Spain, King of Naples and Sicily, and FELIPE III King of Portugal.�

-�� see below.�

4. Infanta do�a MAR�A ANA of Spain (El Escorial 16 Aug 1606-Linz 13 May 1646, bur Vienna Kapuzinergruft).� m (Vienna 20 Feb 1631) as his first wife, FERDINAND Archduke of Austria King of Bohemia and Hungary, son of Emperor FERDINAND II Archduke of Austria, King of Bohemia and Hungary & his first wife Maria Anna Pss of Bavaria (Graz 13 Jul 1608-Vienna 2 Apr 1657, bur Vienna Kapuzinergruft).� He was elected King of Germany at Regensburg 22 Dec 1636, crowned 30 Dec 1636 at Regensburg Cathedral.� Crowned Emperor FERDINAND III in 1637.�

5. Infante don CARLOS of Spain (Madrid 15 Sep 1607-Madrid 30 Jul 1632, bur El Escorial).� Grand Admiral of Spain.� Grand Prior of Castile.�

6. Infante don FERNANDO of Spain (El Escorial 16 May 1609-Brussels 9 Nov 1641, bur Brussels St Gudula).� Cardinal 1619.� Archbishop of Toledo 1619.� Governor of Catalonia 1632-33.� Governor-General of the Spanish Netherlands 1634-1641. Fernando had one illegitimate child by an unknown mistress: �

a) do�a MAR�A ANA (Brussels 1641-Madrid 1715).� Nun at Madrid as Mar�a Ana de la Cruz.�

7. Infanta do�a MARGARITA FRANCISCA of Spain (Lerma 24 May 1610-Madrid 1 Mar 1617, bur El Escorial).�

8. Infante don ALFONSO MAURICIO of Spain (El Escorial 22 Sep 1611-Madrid 16 Sep 1612, bur El Escorial).�

Infante don FELIPE of Spain Principe de Asturias, son of FELIPE III King of Spain & his wife Margareta Archduchess of Austria (Valladolid 8 April 1605-Madrid 17 Sep 1665, bur El Escorial).� He succeeded his father in 1621 as FELIPE IV King of Spain, King of Naples and Sicily, and FELIPE III King of Portugal.�

m firstly (Bordeaux 25 Nov 1615) ELISABETH de France dite Madame, daughter of HENRI IV King of France & his second wife Maria de' Medici Pss of Tuscany (Fontainebleau 22 Nov 1602-Madrid 6 Oct 1644, bur El Escorial).�

m secondly (Madrid 8 Nov 1649) his niece, MARIA ANNA Archduchess of Austria, daughter of Emperor FERDINAND III Archduke of Austria, King of Bohemia and Hungary & his first wife Infanta do�a Mar�a Ana of Spain (Wiener Neustadt 24 Dec 1635-Toledo 16 May 1696, bur El Escorial).�

Mistress (1): ---.� The name of Felipe�s first mistress is not known.�

Mistress (2): MAR�A Calder�n, daughter of ---.� Actress.�

Mistress (3): TOMASA de Aldana, daughter of ---.�

Felipe IV & his first wife had eight children:

1. Infanta do�a MAR�A MARGARITA of Spain (Madrid 14 Aug 1621-Madrid 15 Aug 1621, bur El Escorial).��

2. Infanta do�a MARGARITA MAR�A CATALINA of Spain (Madrid 25 Nov 1623-Madrid 22 Dec 1623, bur El Escorial).

3. Infanta do�a MAR�A EUGENIA of Spain (Madrid 21 Nov 1625-Madrid 21 Jul 1627, bur El Escorial).��

4. Infanta do�a ISABEL MAR�A TERESA of Spain (Madrid 31 Oct 1627-Madrid 1 Nov 1627, bur El Escorial).

5. Infante don BALTASAR CARLOS Principe de Asturias (Madrid 17 Oct 1629-Zaragoza 9 Oct 1646, bur El Escorial).

6. Infante don FRANCISCO FERNANDO of Spain (b and d Madrid 12 Mar 1634, bur El Escorial).

7. Infanta do�a MAR�A ANA ANTONIA of Spain (Madrid 17 Jan 1636-Madrid 5 Dec 1636, bur El Escorial).

8. Infanta do�a MAR�A TERESA of Spain (Madrid 20 Sep 1638-Versailles 30 Jul 1683, bur Saint-Denis).� Regent of France 1667-1672.� m (by proxy Fuenterrabia 3 Jun 1660 in person Saint-Jean-de-Luz 9 Jun 1660) as his first wife, LOUIS XIV King of France, son of LOUIS XIII King of France & his wife Infanta do�a Ana of Spain [Anne d�Autriche] (Saint-Germain-en-Laye 5 Sep 1638-Versailles 1 Sep 1715, bur Saint-Denis).

Felipe IV & his second wife had five children:

9. Infanta do�a MARGARITA MAR�A TERESA of Spain (Madrid 12 Jul 1651-Vienna 12 Mar 1673, bur Vienna Kapuzinergruft).� m (Vienna 5 Dec 1666) as his first wife, her first cousin, Emperor LEOPOLD I Archduke of Austria, King of Bohemia and Hungary, son of Emperor FERDINAND III Archduke of Austria, King of Bohemia and Hungary & his first wife Infanta do�a Mar�a Ana of Spain (Vienna 9 Jun 1640-Vienna 5 May 1705, bur Vienna Kapuzinergruft).

10. Infanta do�a MAR�A AMBROSIA de la CONCEPCI�N of Spain (Madrid 7 Dec 1655-Madrid 21 Dec 1655, bur El Escorial).

11. Infante don FELIPE PR�SPERO of Spain (Madrid 5 Dec 1657-Madrid 1 Nov 1661, bur El Escorial).

12. Infante don TOM�S CARLOS of Spain (Madrid 23 Dec 1658-22 Oct 1659, bur El Escorial).

13. Infante don CARLOS of Spain (Madrid 6 Nov 1661-Madrid 1 Nov 1700, bur El Escorial).� He succeeded his father in 1665 as CARLOS II King of Spain, Naples and Sicily.� m firstly (by proxy Fontainebleau 31 Aug 1679, in person Quintanapalla, near Burgos 18 Nov 1679) MARIE-LOUISE d'Orl�ans, daughter of PHILIPPE de France Duc d'Orl�ans & his first wife Henrietta Anne Pss of England and Scotland (Palais Royal, Paris 27 Mar 1662-Madrid 12 Feb 1689, bur El Escorial).� m secondly (San Diego near Valladolid 14 May 1690) MARIA ANNA Pss von Pfalz-Neuburg, daughter of PHILIPP WILHELM Elector Palatine, Pfalzgraf und Herzog von Neuburg & his second wife Elisabeth Amalie Magdalena Landgr�fin von Hessen-Darmstadt (Schlo� Benrath near D�sseldorf 28 Oct 1667-Guadalajara 16 Jul 1740, bur El Escorial).�

Felipe IV had one illegitimate child by Mistress (1):

14. FERNANDO FRANCISCO (1626-Isasi 12 Mar 1634, bur El Escorial).

Felipe IV had one illegitimate child by Mistress (2):

15. don JUAN JOS� (Madrid 7 Apr 1629-Madrid 17 Sep 1679).� He was known as "don JUAN de Austria" from 1642.� Stadhouder of the Spanish Netherlands 1656-1659.� Viceroy of Naples and Catalonia.� Spanish Chief Minister.� Mistress (1): ANA de Ribera, daughter of ---.� Mistress (2): ---.� A noble woman from Madrid.� Mistress (3): ---.� The name of Juan�s third mistress is not known.� don Juan had one illegitimate child by Mistress (1):

a) MARGARITA (Madrid 1650-1686 [1726]).� Nun at Madrid.

don Juan had one illegitimate child by Mistress (2):

b) ANA CATERINA ISABEL (-Brussels 26 Nov 1709).� Carmelite nun.

don Juan had one illegitimate child by Mistress (3):

c) ANA MARIA (1663-17 Mar 1705).� Nun at Madrigal.�

Felipe IV had one illegitimate child by Mistress (3):

16. JUAN Cossio .� Augustine monk.

17. CARLOS .

Felipe IV had four illegitimate children by unknown mistresses:

18. FERNANDO Vald�s (-1702).� Governor of Novara.�

19. ALONSO Enr�quez de San Tom�s (Madrid ---- -30 Jul 1692).� Bishop of Osma 1661.� Bishop of Plasencia 1664.� Bishop of Malaga 1664.��

20. ANA MARGARITA .

Chapter 7.�� KINGS of SPAIN (BOURBON)

PHILIPPE de France Duc d�Anjou, son of LOUIS Dauphin de France & his first wife Maria Anna Herzogin von Bayern (Versailles 19 Dec 1683-Buen Retiro, Madrid 9 Jul 1746, bur Palace of La Granja de San Ildefonso, Segovia).� Duc d�Anjou from birth.� He was named successor to the Spanish throne in the will of Carlos II King of Spain, and declared FELIPE V King of Spain publicly at Versailles 16 Nov 1700 and in Madrid 24 Nov 1700.� He arrived in Madrid 18 Feb 1701, making his solemn entry the following 14 Apr.� He also succeeded as FILIPPO IV King of Naples and Sicily.� After the war of Spanish succession, he was confirmed as King of Spain in 1713 by the Treaty of Utrecht which also required him to renounce his rights of succession to the French throne.� He abdicated as king of Spain 15 Jan 1724 in favour of his son Luis, but resumed the throne 6 Sep 1724 after Luis died.�

m firstly (by proxy Turin 11 Sep 1701, in person Figueras 3 Nov 1701) MARIE LOUISE GABRIELLE de Savoie, daughter of VICTOR AMEDEE II Duke of Savoy [later VITTORIO AMEDEO I King of Sardinia] & his first wife Anne Marie d'Orl�ans (Turin 17 Sep 1688-Madrid 14 Feb 1714, bur El Escorial).� She was known in Spain as Queen MAR�A LUISA GABRIELA.�

m secondly (by proxy Parma 16 Sep 1714, in person Guadalajara 24 Dec 1714) ELISABETTA MARIA Farnese Pss of Parma, daughter of ODOARDO Hereditary Prince of Parma & his wife Dorothea Sophia Pss von Pfalz-Neuburg (Parma 25 Oct 1692-Aranjuez 11 Jul 1766, bur El Escorial).� She was known in Spain as Queen ISABEL Farnesio.�

Felipe V & his first wife had four children:

1. Infante don LUIS de Borb�n y Saboya (Buen Retiro, Madrid 25 Aug 1707-Madrid 31 Aug 1724, bur El Escorial).� Principe de Asturias from birth.� He was sworn heir to the throne by the States Assembly at Madrid 7 Apr 1709.� He succeeded as LUIS I King of Spain on the abdication of his father in 1723.� m (Lerma 20 Jan 1722) LOUISE ELISABETH d'Orl�ans, daughter of PHILIPPE Duc d�Orl�ans & his wife Fran�oise Marie de Bourbon Mademoiselle de Blois (Versailles 11 Dec 1709-Palais de Luxembourg, Paris 16 Jun 1742, bur Saint-Sulpice, Paris).� After the death of her husband, she returned to France, living first at the Ch�teau de Vincennes, later at the Palais de Luxembourg.�

2. Infante don FELIPE de Borb�n y Saboya (Madrid 2 Jul 1709-Madrid 8 Jul 1709, bur El Escorial).

3. Infante don FELIPE de Borb�n y Saboya� (Madrid 7 Jun 1712-Madrid 29 Dec 1719, bur El Escorial).

4. Infante don FERNANDO de Borb�n y Saboya (Madrid 23 Sep 1713-Villaviciosa de Od�n, near Madrid 10 Aug 1759, bur Madrid, church of Santa Barbara).� He became Principe de Asturias on the death of his older brother.� He was sworn heir to the throne by the States Assembly in Madrid 25 Nov 1724.� He succeeded his father 1746 as FERNANDO VI King of Spain.� m (Badajoz 20 Jan 1729) Infanta dona MARIA BARBARA de Bragan�a e Austria, daughter of JO�O V King of Portugal & his wife Maria Anna Josepha Archduchess of Austria (Lisbon 4 Dec 1711-Aranjuez 27 Aug 1758, bur Church of Santa Barbara, Madrid).

Felipe V & his second wife had seven children:

5. Infante don CARLOS de Borb�n y Farnesio (Madrid 20 Jan 1716-Madrid 14 Dec 1788, bur El Escorial).� He succeeded his brother 1759 as CARLOS III King of Spain.

-�� see below.

6. Infante don FRANCISCO de Borb�n y Farnesio (Madrid 21 Mar 1717-Madrid 21 Apr 1717, bur El Escorial).

7. Infanta do�a MAR�A ANA de Borb�n y Farnesio (Madrid 31 Mar 1718-Ajuda Palace, Lisbon 15 Jan 1781, bur S�o Francisco de Paulo, Lisbon).� Agreement was reached 25 Nov 1721 that she would marry Louis XV King of France.� She arrived in Paris 2 Mar 1722, where she was to be brought up.� However, following misunderstandings between the two monarchs, she was sent home, leaving Paris 5 Apr 1725.� She was named regent of Portugal on the illness of her husband 29 Nov 1776 until his death.� m (by proxy Madrid 27 Dec 1728, in person Elvas 19 Jan 1729) Infante dom JOS� de Bragan�a e Austria Pr�ncipe do Brasil, Duque de Bragan�a, son of JO�O V King of Portugal & his wife Maria Anna Josepha Archduchess of Austria (Lisbon 6 Jun 1714-Ajuda Palace, Lisbon 24 Feb 1777, bur S�o Vicente de Fora, Lisbon).� He succeeded his father in 1750 as JOS� I King of Portugal.

8. Infante don FELIPE de Borb�n y Farnesio (Madrid 15 Mar 1720-Alessandria, Montferrato 18 Jul 1765, bur Parma, church of the Capucines, transferred to church of Santa Maria della Staccata).� Grand Admiral of Spain and of the Indies 14 Mar 1737 until 1748.� Supreme Commander of the Spanish Armies in Italy 1742.� Following their occupation by the Spanish Army in Sep 1745, he reigned as FILIPPO I Duke of Parma and Piacenza.� However, the Imperial forces recovered these territories in Apr 1746.� Under the Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle 18 Oct 1748, he was confirmed as Duke of Parma and Piacenza, as well as Guastalla.�

-�� DUKES of PARMA.

9. Infanta do�a MAR�A TERESA de Borb�n y Farnesio (Madrid 11 Jun 1726-Versailles 22 Jul 1746, bur Cathedral de Saint-Etienne, Sens).� m (by proxy Madrid 18 Dec 1744, in person Versailles 23 Feb 1745) as his first wife, LOUIS Dauphin de France, son of LOUIS XV King of France & his wife Maria Leszczinska Pss of Poland (Versailles 4 Sep 1729-Fontainebleau 20 Dec 1765, bur Cathedral de Saint-Etienne, Sens).

10. Infante don LUIS ANT�NIO de Borb�n y Farnesio (Madrid 25 Jul 1727-Villa de Arenas de San Pedro, Avila 7 Aug 1785, bur El Escorial).� Secular administrator of the archbishopric of Seville 10 Sep 1735.� He became a Cardinal Priest 19 Dec 1735, Archbishop of Toledo and Primate of Spain 13 Feb 1736, and Archbishop of Seville 12 May 1741.� He resigned his ecclesiastical dignities, renouncing Seville 2 Jan 1754 and Toledo 12 Dec 1754.� He bought the county of Chinch�n 21 May 1761 from his brother Felipe, becoming 13^th Conde de Chinch�n.� m (Olias del Rey, Toledo 27 Jun 1776) do�a MAR�A TERESA de Vallabriga y Rozas, daughter of don JOS� IGNACIO de Vallabriga y Espa�ol (cavalry captain) & his wife do�a Josefa de Rozas y Drummond Condesa de Torresecas (5 Sep 1758-Zaragoza 16 Feb 1820, bur Zaragoza, church of Nuestra Se�ora del Pilar).� King Carlos III�s permission for this marriage 22 May 1776 was conditional on Mar�a Teresa not sharing the titles, arms or name of her husband.� Luis & his wife had three children:�

a) Infante don LUIS MAR�A de Borb�n y Vallabriga (Cadalso de los Vidrios, Madrid 22 May 1777-Madrid 19 Mar 1823, bur Toledo Cathedral).� He was brought up at the archbishop�s palace in Toledo.� Marqu�s de San Mart�n de la Vega.� Archbishop of Seville 26 Mar 1789 (renounced 19 May 1814), Archbishop of Toledo 22 Dec 1789 and Primate of Spain 1800.� He succeeded as 14^th Conde de Chinch�n by Royal Decree of 25 Apr 1794.� He became Grandee of Spain 1^st Class by Royal Decree 4 Aug 1799.� Cardinal-priest 22 Oct 1800.� He was Regent of Spain for King Fernando VII from 22 Mar 1810 to 4 May 1814.� He was elected to the Cortes, becoming President of the Provincial Junta of the Government, and later Counsellor of State.

b) Infanta do�a MAR�A TERESA de Borb�n y Vallabriga (Velada, Toledo 6 Mar 1779-Paris 24 Nov 1828, bur chapel of Palace of Boadilla del Monte, near Madrid).� Grandee of Spain 1^st Class by Royal Decree 4 Aug 1799.� She became 15^th Condesa de Chinch�n 1803 when her brother ceded the title to her, and Duquesa de Sueca 7 Mar 1804.� m (Madrid 2 Oct 1797, separated 1808) as his first wife, don MANUEL Domingo Francisco de Godoy y Alvarez de Faria de los Rios S�nchez-Sarzosa, Principe de la Paz, Duque de Alcudia & Grandee of Spain 1^st Class, son of don JOS� ALFONSO de Godoy y S�nchez de los Rios Ovando & his wife do�a Antonia �lvarez de Faria y S�nchez Zaragoza (Castuera, Badajoz 12 May 1767-Paris 2^e 4 Oct 1851, bur Eglise de Saint-Roch, later cimeti�re du P�re-Lachaise).� The favourite of King Carlos IV and Queen Mar�a Luisa, he was created Duque de Sueca 28 Dec 1803.� Imprisoned Mar 1808, his assets were confiscated.� Later he followed the Royal Family into exile.� The Pope created him Principe di Bassano 1830.� He lived in Paris from 1832, although his titles were restored to him by Decree of 31 May 1847 which also authorised him to return to Spain (which he never did).

c) Infanta do�a MAR�A LUISA de Borb�n y Vallabriga (21 Jun 1780-Paris 1 Dec 1846, bur chapel of Palace of Boadilla del Monte, near Madrid).� Created Grandee of Spain 1^st Class 4 Aug 1799.� m (1 Jun 1817) don JOAQUIN JOS� de Melgarejo y Saur�n Duque de San Fernando de Quiroga, son of don JOAQUIN de Melgarojo y Rojas Marques de Melgarejo y de Quiroga & his wife do�a Joaquina Saur�n y Ruiz D�valos (Valencia --- -Apr 1835, bur chapel of Palace of Boadilla del Monte, near Madrid).

11. Infanta do�a Mar�a ANTONIA de Borb�n y Farnesio (Seville 17 Nov 1729-Moncalieri 19 Sep 1785, bur Turin Basilica La Superga).� m (by proxy Madrid 12 Apr 1750, in person Oulx 31 May 1750) VITTORIO AMEDEO di Savoia Prince of Sardinia, son of CARLO EMANUELE I King of Sardinia & his second wife Polyxena Christina Johannetta Landgr�fin von Hessen-Rheinfels (Turin 26 Jun 1726-Moncalieri 16 Oct 1796, bur Turin Basilica La Superga).� He succeeded his father in 1773 as VITTORIO AMEDEO III King of Sardinia.�

Infante don CARLOS de Borb�n y Farnesio, son of FELIPE V King of Spain & his second wife Elisabetta Maria Farnese Pss of Parma [Isabel Farnesio] (Madrid 20 Jan 1716-Madrid 14 Dec 1788, bur El Escorial).� Under the Treaties of The Hague (17 Feb 1720) and Vienna (30 Apr 1725), he was granted the eventual rights of succession to Tuscany, Parma and Piacenza in case of the deaths of their rulers without male heirs.� He succeeded his great-uncle Infante don Antonio Farnese Duke of Parma on the latter�s death 20 Jan 1731 as CARLO I Duke of Parma & Piacenza.� This succession was confirmed by Treaty 16 Mar 1731 between Spain and the Empire, but disputed by the Pope.� Shortly after, under the Treaty of Florence 25 Jul 1731, Giovanni Gastone Grand Duke of Tuscany recognised Carlo as his heir, the latter officially entering Florence as Grand Prince Hereditary 9 Mar 1732.� He entered Parma as Duke 12 Oct 1732.� However, shortly after war broke out with Austria.� King Felipe V of Spain named Carlo as Supreme Commander of the Spanish Armies in Italy 26 Oct 1733.� He took up his command 27 Feb 1734, was declared CARLO VII King of Naples and Sicily by decree of his father 30 Apr 1734, and crowned King of Sicily in Palermo 31 May 1735.� However, Spain agreed 18 Feb 1736 to the return of Parma, Piacenza and Tuscany to Austria.� The war was finally concluded by the third Treaty of Vienna 18 Nov 1738, under which (1) the Emperor recognised Carlo as King of Naples and Sicily (2) Carlo ceded Parma, Piacenza and his rights of succession in Tuscany to the Emperor and the Duke of Lorraine, while retaining the titles.� He succeeded his brother in 1759 as CARLOS III King of Spain, at which time he ceded the kingdom of Naples and Sicily to his third son Infante don Fernando.�

Betrothed (26 Nov 1722) to PHILIPPE ELISABETH d�Orl�ans Mademoiselle de Beaujolais, daughter of PHILIPPE Duc d�Orl�ans & his wife Fran�oise Marie de Bourbon Mademoiselle de Blois (Versailles 18 Dec 1714-Bagnolet 21 May 1734).� She was sent back to France in May 1725.�

m (by proxy Dresden 9 May 1738 in person Gaeta 19 Jun 1738) MARIA AMALIA Pss of Saxony, daughter of FRIEDRICH AUGUST II Duke of Saxony [AUGUST III King of Poland] & his wife Maria Josepha Archduchess of Austria (Dresden 24 Nov 1724-Buen Retiro, Madrid 27 Sep 1760, bur El Escorial).

Carlos III & his wife had thirteen children:�

1. Infanta donna ISABELLA di Borbone Pss of Naples and Sicily (Naples 6 Sep 1740-Portici 1 Nov 1742, bur Naples, monastery of Santa Chiara).�

2. Infanta donna Maria GIUSEPPINA ANTONIETTA di Borbone Pss of Naples and Sicily (Naples 20 Jan 1742-Portici 3 Apr 1742, bur Naples, monastery of Santa Chiara).�

3. Infanta donna Maria ISABELLA di Borbone Pss of Naples and Sicily (Naples 30 Apr 1743-Naples 5 Mar 1749, bur Naples, monastery of Santa Chiara).�

4. Infanta donna Maria GIUSEPPINA di Borbone Pss of Naples and Sicily (Gaeta 6 Jul 1744-Madrid 8 Dec 1801, bur El Escorial).� She was known as �Infanta do�a Mar�a JOSEFA Carmela de Borb�n y Sajonia� from her father�s Aug 1759 accession to the Spanish throne.

5. Infanta donna MARIA LUISA di Borbone Pss of Naples and Sicily (Portici 24 Nov 1745-Vienna 15 May 1792, bur Kapuzinergruft Vienna).� She was known as �Infanta do�a MAR�A LUISA de Borb�n y Sajonia� from her father�s Aug 1759 accession to the Spanish throne.� She was known in Austria as MARIA LUDOVIKA.� Betrothed to KARL JOSEPH Archduke of Austria, son of Emperor FRANZ I & his wife Maria Theresia Archduchess of Austria, Queen of Bohemia, King of Hungary (Vienna 1 Feb 1745-Vienna 18 Jan 1761, bur Kapuzinergruft Vienna).� m (by proxy Madrid 16 Feb 1764 in person Innsbruck 4 Aug 1765) PETER LEOPOLD Archduke of Austria, son of Emperor FRANZ I & his wife Maria Theresia Archduchess of Austria, Queen of Bohemia, King of Hungary (Sch�nbrunn 5 May 1747-Vienna 1 Mar 1792, bur Kapuzinergruft Vienna).� He succeeded his father 23 Aug 1765 as LEOPOLDO I Grand Duke of Tuscany.� Following the death of his brother Emperor Joseph II in 1790, he was elected Emperor LEOPOLD II.

6. Infante don FILIPPO di Borbone Prince of Naples and Sicily (Portici 13 Jun 1747-Naples 19 Sep 1777).� Prince Royal of Two Sicilies, Duca di Calabria.� He was excluded from the succession to the throne of Two Sicilies in Oct 1759 due to his imbecility, following the decision of the late Fernando VI King of Spain.� He was known as �Infante don FELIPE de Borb�n y Sajonia� from his father�s Aug 1759 accession to the Spanish throne.

7. Infante don CARLO di Borbone Prince of Naples and Sicily (Portici 12 Nov 1748-Naples 19 Jan 1819, bur El Escorial).� Principe di Tarento.� He was known as �Infante don CARLOS de Borb�n y Sajonia Principe de Asturias� from his father�s Aug 1759 accession to the Spanish throne.� He was sworn heir to the throne by the States Assembly in Madrid 9 Jul 1760.� He succeeded his father 14 Dec 1788 as Infante don CARLOS IV King of Spain.�

-�� see below.

8. Infanta donna TERESA di Borbone Pss of Naples and Sicily (Naples 29 Nov 1749-Portici 29 Apr 1750, bur Naples, monastery of Santa Chiara).�

9. Infante don FERDINANDO di Borbone Prince of Naples and Sicily (Naples 18 Jan 1751-Naples 4 Jan 1825, bur Naples Santa Chiara).� He was known as �Infante don FERNANDO de Borb�n y Sajonia� from his father�s Aug 1759 accession to the Spanish throne.� By law of 6 Oct 1759, his father ceded Naples and Sicily to him, whereupon he became FERDINANDO IV King of Naples [FERDINANDO III King of Sicily].� He ruled under a council of regency from 1759 to 13 Jan 1767.� Following the arrival in Naples of the French General Championnet, Ferdinando fled to Palermo Dec 1798 with the help of Nelson.� He returned to Naples in 1802 following the collapse of Parthenopean Republic, but was forced to flee to Palermo again in 1806 when he was deposed by Emperor Napoleon who gave the crown of Naples to his brother Joseph Bonaparte.� Ferdinando was fully restored after the Congress of Vienna, returning to Naples 8 Dec 1816 as FERDINANDO I King of the Two Sicilies.�

-�� KINGS of the TWO SICILIES.�

10. Infante don GABRIEL di Borbone Prince of Naples and Sicily (Portici 11 May 1752-El Escorial 23 Nov 1788, bur El Escorial).� He was known as �Infante don GABRIEL de Borb�n y Sajonia� from his father�s Aug 1759 accession to the Spanish throne.�

-�� INFANTES of SPAIN and PORTUGAL.�

11. Infanta donna ANTONIETTA di Borbone Pss of Naples and Sicily (Portici 3 Jul 1754-Naples 11 May 1755, bur Naples, monastery of Santa Chiara).

12. Infante don ANTONIO di Borbone Prince of Naples and Sicily (Caserta 31 Dec 1755-Madrid 20 Apr 1817, bur El Escorial).� He was known as �Infante don ANTONIO de Borb�n y Sajonia� from his father�s Aug 1759 accession to the Spanish throne.� He was kept prisoner at the ch�teau of Valen�ay in France, together with his nephews Infante don Fernando and Infante don Carlos, from 16 May 1808 to 12 Mar 1814.� His nephew Infante don Fernando [Fernando VII King of Spain] named him President of the Supreme Junta of the Kingdom 1808.� m (Madrid 25 Aug 1795) his niece, Infanta do�a MAR�A AMALIA de Borb�n y Borb�n, daughter of CARLOS IV King of Spain & his wife Infanta do�a Mar�a Luisa de Borb�n Pss of Parma (Aranjuez 9 Jan 1779-Madrid 22 Jul 1798, bur El Escorial).� Antonio & his wife had one child:�

a) son stillborn (22 Jul 1798, bur El Escorial).

13. Infante don FRANCESCO SAVERIO di Borbone Prince of Naples and Sicily (Caserta 17 Feb 1757-Aranjuez 10 Apr 1771, bur El Escorial).� He was known as �Infante don FRANCISCO JAVIER de Borb�n y Sajonia� from his father�s Aug 1759 accession to the Spanish throne.

Infante don CARLO di Borbone Prince of the Two Sicilies, son of CARLO VII King of Naples and Sicily [later CARLOS III King of Spain] & his wife Maria Amalia Pss of Saxony (Portici 12 Nov 1748-Naples 19 Jan 1819, bur El Escorial).� Principe di Tarento.� He was known as �Infante don CARLOS de Borb�n y Sajonia Principe de Asturias� from his father�s Aug 1759 accession to the Spanish throne.� He was sworn heir to the throne by the States Assembly in Madrid 9 Jul 1760.� He succeeded his father 14 Dec 1788 as CARLOS IV King of Spain.� He reigned through his wife and his favourite Infante don Manuel Godoy (who in 1797 married his first cousin Infanta do�a Mar�a Teresa de Borb�n y Vallabriga, see above).� He declared war against France in an attempt to save King Louis XVI, but this war ended by the Peace of Basel under which the island of Santo Domingo was ceded to France.� He abdicated in favour of his eldest son Infante don Fernando at Aranjuez 19 Mar 1808, retiring to Badajoz, but subsequently changed his mind and revoked his abdication.� He was obliged to give up the throne 6 May 1808 by Emperor Napoleon I, who installed his brother Joseph Bonaparte as King of Spain, receiving the ch�teau de Compi�gne as compensation.� Carlos established himself in Marseille in 1811, and later in Rome.�

m (La Granja, San Ildefonso near Segovia 4 Sep 1765) his first cousin, donna MARIA LUISA di Borbone Pss of Parma, daughter of Infante don FILIPPO di Borbone Duke of Parma & his wife Louise Elisabeth de France (Parma 9 Dec 1751-Palazzo Barberini, Rome 2 Jan 1819, bur Escorial).�

Carlos IV & his wife had fourteen children:�

1. Infante don CARLOS de Borb�n y Borb�n� (El Escorial 19 Sep 1771-El Pardo Palace 7 Mar 1774, bur El Escorial).

2. Infanta do�a CARLOTA JOAQUINA Teresa Cayetana de Borb�n y Borb�n (Aranjuez Palace 25 Apr 1775-Queluz Palace, Lisbon 7 Jan 1830).� She refused to swear on the new Portuguese constitution 22 Nov 1822 and was deprived of her title of Queen of Portugal 4 Dec 1822, although this was later re-established through the intervention of her son Miguel.� She was subsequently imprisoned again, in the Palace of Queluz.� m (by proxy Madrid 27 Mar 1785, in person Lisbon 9 Jun 1785) Infante dom JO�O de Bragan�a e Bragan�a Senhor de Infantado, son of PEDRO III King of Portugal & his wife Maria I Queen of Portugal (Ajuda Palace, Lisbon 13 May 1767-Bemposta Palace, Lisbon 10 Mar 1826, bur church of S�o Vicente de F�ra).� He was created Pr�ncipe de Beira e Brasil 1788, and in 1799 Duque de Bragan�a, Guimaraes and Barcellos.� He became regent of Portugal in 1792, and in 1799 until the death of his mother in 1816, when he succeeded as JO�O VI King of Portugal.

3. Infanta do�a LUISA de Borb�n y Borb�n� (San Ildefonso 11 Sep 1777-San Ildefonso 2 Jul 1782, bur El Escorial).

4. Infanta do�a MAR�A AMALIA de Borb�n y Borb�n (Aranjuez 9 Jan 1779-Madrid 22 Jul 1798, bur El Escorial).� m (La Granja, San Ildefonso 25 Aug 1795) her uncle, Infante don ANTONIO de Borb�n y Sajonia, son of CARLOS III King of Spain & his wife Maria Amalia Pss of Saxony (Caserta 31 Dec 1755-Madrid 20 Apr 1817, bur El Escorial).� President of the Supreme Junta of the Kingdom 1808.�

5. Infante don CARLOS de Borb�n y Borb�n� (Madrid 5 Mar 1780-Aranjuez 11 Jun 1783, bur El Escorial).

6. Infanta do�a MAR�A LUISA de Borb�n y Borb�n (La Granja, San Ildefonso 6 Jul 1782-Rome 13 Mar 1824, bur El Escorial).� Queen Regent of the kingdom of Etruria for her son Lodovico II on the death of her husband, she renounced this title 10 Dec 1807.� Napoleon ordered her to return to Spain in 1807, from where she left with her family the following year to Compi�gne and Marseille.� She was later held captive in the Convent of the Dominicans in Rome, but was freed in Jan 1814.� She was recognised as Duchess of Lucca by the Treaty of Vienna 9 Apr 1815, confirmed by the Treaty of Paris 22 Nov 1817, with the title �Queen�.� She was referred to as �Maria Luigia Giuseppina, Queen, Duchess of Lucca�.� m (La Granja Palace, San Ildefonso 25 Aug 1795) her first cousin, don LODOVICO di Borbone Prince of Parma, (Piacenza 5 Jul 1773-Palazzo Pitti, Florence 27 May 1803, bur El Escorial).� He was created Infante of Spain 30 Nov 1795 by King Carlos IV.� He was proclaimed Lodovico I King of Etruria (Tuscany) in 1801.

7. Infante don CARLOS de Borb�n y Borb�n� (San Ildefonso Palace 5 Sep 1783-San Ildefonso Palace 11 Nov 1784, bur El Escorial).

8. Infante don FELIPE de Borb�n y Borb�n� (San Ildefonso Palace 5 Sep 1783-San Ildefonso Palace 18 Oct 1784, bur El Escorial). �

9. Infante don FERNANDO de Borb�n y Borb�n (La Granja Palace, San Ildefonso 13 Oct 1784-Madrid 29 Sep 1833, bur El Escorial).� He became Principe de Asturias in 1788 on the accession of his father to the throne of Spain.� He was sworn heir to the throne by the Cortes 23 Sep 1789 in the Church of San Jeronimo el Real.� He succeeded as FERNANDO VII King of Spain on the abdication of his father 19 Mar 1808.� However, he renounced his rights and recognised his father as the legitimate king, before they both ceded the monarchy to Emperor Napoleon at Bayonne 5 May 1808.� He was kept prisoner at the ch�teau of Valen�ay in France, together with his brother Infante don Carlos and his uncle Infante don Antonio, from 16 May 1808 to 12 Mar 1814.� He instituted a Supreme Junta for Spain in 1808 from exile in France.� This Junta met at Cadiz Sep 1810, taking the title �Cortes�, and adopted a new constitution in 1812 along the lines of the French Constitution of 1791.� Under the Treaty of Valen�ay 11 Dec 1813, Fernando was restored to the throne of Spain, returning to the country end-March 1814.� On his return, he abolished the new constitution and re-established the old regime, but was obliged to accept the 1812 Constitution 1 Jan 1820 by the Liberals.� France intervened to end the rule of the Liberals in 1823, when absolutism was re-established.� During the same time, Spain lost its colonies in South America.� By the Pragmatic Sanction of 29 Mar 1830, King Fernando VII abolished the Law of Succession promulgated by the Cortes 10 May 1713 in order to give his daughter the right to succeed to the throne.� m firstly (by proxy Naples 16 Aug 1802, in person Barcelona 6 Oct 1802) his first cousin, donna MARIA ANTONIETTA di Borbone Pss of Naples and Sicily, daughter of FERDINANDO IV King of Naples [FERDINANDO III King of Sicily, later FERDINANDO I King of the Two Sicilies] & his first wife Maria Karolina Archduchess of Austria (Caserta 14 Dec 1784-Aranjuez 21 May 1806, bur El Escorial).� m secondly (by proxy Cadiz 4 Sep 1816, in person Madrid 29 Sep 1816) his niece, Infanta dona MARIA IZABEL de Bragan�a e Bourbon, daughter of JO�O VI King of Portugal & his wife Infanta do�a Carlota Joaquina de Borb�n y Borb�n (Queluz Palace, Lisbon 29 May 1797-Madrid 26 Dec 1818, bur El Escorial).� m thirdly (by proxy Dresden 7 Oct 1819 in person Madrid 20 Oct 1819) MARIA JOSEPHA Pss of Saxony, Dss of Saxony, daughter of MAXIMILIAN Prince Royal of Saxony & his wife donna Carolina di Borbone Pss of Parma (Dresden 6 Dec 1803-Aranjuez 17 May 1829, bur El Escorial).� m fourthly (by proxy Aranjuez 9 Dec 1829 in person Madrid 11 Dec 1829) as her first husband, his niece, donna MARIA CRISTINA di Borbone Pss of the Two Sicilies, daughter of FRANCESCO I King of Two Sicilies & his wife Infanta do�a Mar�a Isabel de Borb�n y Borb�n (Palermo 27 Apr 1806-Le Havre 13 Sep 1878).� She married secondly (secretly 29 Sep 1833) don Fernando Mu�oz y S�nchez Duque de Rianzares, Grandee of Spain.� During the illness of her husband, she was named �Gobernadora� and from 4 Jan 1833 she was associated with him on the throne.� She became Regent of Spain on his death, but was obliged to abdicate at Valencia 12 Oct 1840.� She went to Paris as �Condesa de Vista Alegre�, issuing a formal protest about her forced abdication in Marseille 8 Nov 1840.� She was authorised to return to Madrid, where she arrived 23 Mar 1844.� However, a revolt in Madrid forced her to leave again 28 Aug 1854.� Thereafter she lived in exile in Portugal and France.�

-�� KINGS of SPAIN.�

10. Infante don CARLOS de Borb�n y Borb�n (Royal Palace, Madrid 28 Mar 1788-Trieste 10 Mar 1855, bur Cathedral of San Giusto, Trieste).� He was kept prisoner at the ch�teau of Valen�ay in France, together with his brother Infante don Fernando and his uncle Infante don Antonio, from 16 May 1808 to 12 Mar 1814.� Colonel of the Brigade of Royal Carabinieros 14 Jun 1814, Supreme General of the Armies of Spain.� He was administrator of the Grand Priory of St John of Jerusalem (Knights of Malta) in the kingdoms of Castille and Leon.� During the reign of his brother King Fernando VII, Infante don Carlos was heir presumptive to the throne until 1830 when the king abolished the law of succession to enable his daughter to succeed.� Carlos led the absolutist party, the Ultras, which was formed as a reaction to the rise to power of the Liberals.� On the death of his brother in 1833, Carlos was the rightful heir according to the Law of Succession promulgated by the Cortes 10 May 1713.� He refused to swear allegiance to Infanta do�a Isabel (later Queen Isabel II) as heir to the throne and left Madrid 16 Mar 1833 for exile in Portugal.� On the death of King Fernando VII 29 Sep 1833, Carlos claimed the throne in the Manifesto of Abrantes 1 Oct 1833.� He was recognised as �Carlos V King of Spain� by ex-King Charles X of France, the King of Sardinia, the King of the Two Sicilies and Pope Gregory XVI.� The northern part of Spain supported him and the First Carlist War broke out in Jul 1834 when he entered Navarre and assembled an army of 100,000 men. �Queen Maria Cristina (Regent for Queen Isabel II) by Royal Decree 27 Oct 1834 deprived Carlos of his title and excluded him and his descendants from the right of succession.� After initial successes, the Carlist army was forced back to the Pyrenees 1837-1839, the war finally ending in 1840 when the forces in Catalonia agreed to disarm.� In 1839, he took refuge in France at Bourges.� In 1845, he abdicated his rights in favour of his oldest son and adopted the title Conde de Molina.� He retired to Trieste.� m firstly (by proxy Cadiz 4 Sep 1816 in person Madrid 22 Sep 1816) his first cousin, Infanta dona MARIA FRANCISCA de Bragan�a e Bourbon, daughter of JO�O VI King of Portugal & his wife Infanta do�a Carlota Joaquina de Borb�n y Borb�n (Queluz Palace, Lisbon 22 Apr 1800-Alverstoke Rectory, nr Gosport, Hants 4 Sep 1834, bur Cathedral of San Giusto, Trieste).� m secondly (by proxy Salzburg 2 Feb 1838, in person Azcoitia, Guipuzcoa 20 Oct 1838) as her second husband, the sister of his first wife, Infanta dona MARIA TEREZA de Bragan�a e Bourbon, widow of Infante don PEDRO CARLOS de Borb�n y Bragan�a, daughter of JO�O VI King of Portugal & his wife Infanta do�a Carlota Joaquina de Borb�n y Borb�n (Queluz 29 Apr 1793-Trieste 17 Jan 1874, bur Cathedral of San Giusto, Trieste).�

-�� �CARLIST� CLAIMANTS to the SPANISH THRONE.�

11. Infanta do�a MAR�A ISABEL de Borb�n y Borb�n (Madrid 6 Jul 1789-Portici Palace, Naples 13 Sep 1848).� m firstly (by proxy Barcelona 6 Jul 1802, in person Naples 19 Aug 1802) as his second wife, her first cousin, don FRANCESCO di Borbone Duca di Apulia, son of FERDINANDO IV King of Naples [FERDINANDO III King of Sicily, later FERDINANDO I King of the Two Sicilies] & his first wife Maria Karolina Archduchess of Austria (Naples 19 Aug 1777-Naples 8 Nov 1830, bur Santa Chiara, Naples).� Vice-Roy of Sicily 1816, Hereditary Prince Royal of the Two Sicilies and Duke of Calabria 4 Nov 1817.� He succeeded his father in 1825 as FRANCESCO I King of the Two Sicilies.� m secondly (Naples 15 Jan 1839) as his first wife, don FRANCESCO del Balzo, son of don NICOLA del Balzo Duca di Presenzano & his wife donna Caterina Crivelli, of the Dukes of Rocca Imperiali (17 May 1805-15 Apr 1882).� Conte del Balzo 1848.� He married secondly (17 Jan 1857) as her second husband, Noble donna Giulia Carignani, widow of Ernest Zambra, daughter of Giovanni Batista Marchese Carignani, Duca di Novoli, patrician of Naples (b 1833).�

12. Infanta do�a MAR�A TERESA de Borb�n y Borb�n (Aranjuez 16 Feb 1791-El Escorial 2 Nov 1794, bur El Escorial).

13. Infante don FELIPE de Borb�n y Borb�n (Aranjuez Palace 28 Mar 1792-Madrid 1 Mar 1794, bur El Escorial). �

14. Infante don FRANCISCO de Paula de Borb�n y Borb�n (Madrid 10 Mar 1794-Madrid 13 Aug 1865, bur El Escorial).� Captain General of the Spanish Army.� He supported his niece Queen Isabel II after the death of his brother King Fernando VII.� m firstly (by proxy Naples 15 Apr 1819 in person Madrid 12 Jun 1819) his niece, donna LUISA CARLOTA di Borbone Pss of the Two Sicilies, daughter of FRANCESCO Duca di Calabria [later FRANCESCO I King of the Two Sicilies] & his wife Infanta do�a Mar�a Isabel de Borb�n y Borb�n (Portici 24 Oct 1804-Madrid 29 Jan 1844).� m secondly (morganatically, 1851) do�a TERESA Arredondo, daughter of --- (-Madrid 29 Dec 1863).�

-�� KINGS of SPAIN.��

Chapter 8.�� KING of SPAIN (BONAPARTE)

1. JOSEPH Bonaparte, son of CARLO MARIA Buonaparte [Bonaparte] & his wife Maria Letizia Ramolino (Corte 7 Jan 1768-Florence 24 or 28 Jul 1844).� Prince fran�ais (Imperial Highness) 1804.� He succeeded as GIUSEPPE King of Naples and Sicily 30 Mar 1806-6 Jun 1808.� He succeeded 6 Jun 1808 as JOSE King of Spain and the Indies.� He abdicated 11 Dec 1813.� He assumed the title Comte de Survilliers 1815.�

[1] Mart�nez D�ez, G. (2005) El Condado de Castilla (711-1038) (Junta de Castilla y Le�n), p. 280.�

[2] Mart�nez D�ez (2005), p. 103, citing Fagnan, E. (1898) Annales du Maghreb et de l�Espagne (Alger), Ibn al-Atir, Kamil fi-l-Tarij, p. 104 (not yet consulted, "no preview" in Google Book).�

[3] Mart�nez D�ez (2005), p. 103.�

[4] Ubieto Arteta, A. (ed.) (1976) Cartulario de San Mill�n de la Cogolla (Valencia) (�San Mill�n de la Cogolla�), Tome I, 1, p. 9.�

[5] Espa�a Sagrada, Tome XXIII, Annales Complutenses, p. 310.�

[6] Mart�nez D�ez (2005), p. 135, quoting �lamo, J. del (1950) Colecci�n diplom�tica de San Salvador de O�a (922-1284) (Madrid), p. 4.�

[7] Chronicon Burgense, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 307.�

[8] Chronicon Albeldense 61, Patrologia Latina Vol. 129, col. 1138C.�

[9] Chronicon Albeldense 68, 69, Patrologia Latina Vol. 129, col. 1140A.�

[10] Cronica de Sampiro 19, in P�rez de Urbel, J. and Gonz�lez Ruiz-Zorrilla, A. (eds.) (1959) Historia Silense (Madrid) (�Historia Silense (P�rez)�), p. 164.�

[11] Cr�nica Najerense, II, 24, cited in P�rez de Urbel, Fray Justo (1969/70) El condado de Castilla (Madrid), Vol. I, p. 191.�

[12] Fern�ndez de B�thencourt, F. (1897) Historia geneal�gica y her�ldica de la monarqu�a espa�ola (Madrid), Vol. I, pp. 189-90, although Barrau-Dihigo, L. (1989) Historia politica del reino Asturiano (718-910) (Gij�n), p. 246 doubts that this is correct.�

[13] P�rez de Urbel, Fray Justo (1969/70) El condado de Castilla 3 vols. (Madrid), Vol. I, p. 167.�

[14] P�rez de Urbel (1969/70), Vol. I, pp. 167 and 169.�

[15] P�rez de Urbel (1969/70), Vol. I, pp. 168-9.�

[16] Chronicon Burgense, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 307.�

[17] P�rez de Urbel (1969/70), Vol. I, p. 181.�

[18] San Mill�n de la Cogolla, Tome I, 16, p. 29.�

[19] San Mill�n de la Cogolla, Tome I, 6, p. 14.�

[20] San Mill�n de la Cogolla, Tome I, 7, p. 15.�

[21] San Mill�n de la Cogolla, Tome I, 9, p. 19.�

[22] Mart�nez D�ez (2005), p. 166.�

[23] Chronicon Albeldense 69, Patrologia Latina Vol. 129, col. 1140A.�

[24] Chronicon Albeldense 75, Patrologia Latina Vol. 129, col. 1141D.�

[25] P�rez de Urbel (1969/70), Vol. I, pp. 195 and 199.�

[26] Chronicon Burgense, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 307.�

[27] Est�vez Sola, J. A. (ed. trans.) (2005) Cr�nica Najerense (Madrid) (�Cr�nica Najerense�), Libro II, 22, p. 133.�

[28] Mart�nez D�ez, G. (1998) Colecci�n documental del monasterio de San Pedro de Carde�a (Burgos) (�San Pedro de Carde�a�), 11, p. 35.�

[29] Cronica de Sampiro 19, in Historia Silense (P�rez), p. 164.�

[30] Serrano, L. (ed.) (1925) Cartulario de San Pedro de Arlanza (Madrid) (�Arlanza�), IV, p. 14.

[31] P�rez de Urbel (1969/70), Vol. II, p. 50.�

[32] Arlanza, IV, p. 14.

[33] Cronica de Sampiro 19, in Historia Silense (P�rez), p. 164.�

[34] Arlanza, IV, p. 14.

[35] Arlanza, IV, p. 14.

[36] Arlanza, IV, p. 14.

[37] San Pedro de Carde�a, 31, p. 57.�

[38] San Pedro de Carde�a, 31, p. 57.�

[39] San Pedro de Carde�a, 31, p. 57.�

[40] San Pedro de Carde�a, 31, p. 57.�

[41] Arlanza, IV, p. 14.

[42] San Pedro de Carde�a, 11, p. 35.�

[43] San Pedro de Carde�a, 11, p. 35.�

[44] P�rez de Urbel (1969/70), Vol. I, p. 245.�

[45] P�rez de Urbel (1969/70), Vol. I, p. 254.�

[46] San Pedro de Carde�a, 22, p. 48.�

[47] P�rez de Urbel (1969/70), Vol. II, p. 32.�

[48] Rodr�guez Marquina, J. 'Las salinas de Castilla en el siglo X y la genealog�a de las familias condales', Homenaje a Fray Justo P�rez de Urbel I (Silos, 1976), pp. 143-51, 146, cited in Torres Sevilla-Qui�ones de Le�n, M. (1999) Linajes nobiliarios de Le�n y Castilla (siglos IX-XIII) (Consejer�a de Educaci�n y Cultura de la Junta de Castilla y Le�n, Valladolid), p. 213.�

[49] San Pedro de Carde�a, 22, p. 48.�

[50] San Pedro de Carde�a, 96, p. 126.�

[51] P�rez de Urbel (1969/70), Vol. II, p. 231.�

[52] P�rez de Urbel (1969/70), Vol. II, p. 231.�

[53] San Pedro de Carde�a, 96, p. 126.�

[54] San Pedro de Carde�a, 191, p. 232.�

[55] P�rez de Urbel (1969/70), Vol. II, p. 231.�

[56] P�rez de Urbel (1969/70), Vol. I, p. 245.�

[57] P�rez de Urbel (1969/70), Vol. I, p. 245.�

[58] P�rez de Urbel (1969/70), Vol. I, p. 230-1.�

[59] San Pedro de Carde�a, 2, p. 26.�

[60] P�rez Soler, M. D. (ed.) (1970) Cartulario de Valpuesta (Valencia) (�Valpuesta�), 9, p. 27.�

[61] Annales Complutense, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 310.�

[62] Valpuesta, 9, p. 27.�

[63] San Pedro de Carde�a, 6, p. 30.�

[64] San Pedro de Carde�a, 8, p. 32.�

[65] San Pedro de Carde�a, 2, p. 26.�

[66] San Pedro de Carde�a, 6, p. 30.�

[67] San Pedro de Carde�a, 8, p. 32.�

[68] San Pedro de Carde�a, 18, p. 44.�

[69] Cartulario de Arlanza, VII, 10, cited in P�rez de Urbel (1969/70), Vol. II, pp. 31 and 45 footnote 17.�

[70] San Pedro de Carde�a, 2, p. 26.�

[71] San Pedro de Carde�a, 2, p. 26.�

[72] San Pedro de Carde�a, 6, p. 30.�

[73] San Pedro de Carde�a, 8, p. 32.�

[74] Berganza (1721) Secunda parte, Appendice XXIII, p. 379, and San Pedro de Carde�a, 23, p. 49.�

[75] Berganza (1721) Secunda parte, Appendice XXIII, p. 379, and San Pedro de Carde�a, 23, p. 49.�

[76] San Pedro de Carde�a, 6, p. 30.�

[77] Berganza (1721) Secunda parte, Appendice XXIII, p. 379, and San Pedro de Carde�a, 23, p. 49.�

[78] San Pedro de Carde�a, 22, p. 48.�

[79] P�rez de Urbel (1969/70), Vol. II, p. 50.�

[80] P�rez de Urbel (1969/70), Vol. II, p. 74 footnote 7.�

[81] San Pedro de Carde�a, 18, p. 44.�

[82] San Pedro de Carde�a, 18, p. 44.�

[83] San Pedro de Carde�a, 10, p. 34.�

[84] San Pedro de Carde�a, 12, p. 37.�

[85] L�pez Ferreiro (1899), Tomo II, Ap�ndice, XLV, p. 101.�

[86] Cronica de Sampiro 19, in Historia Silense (P�rez), p. 164.�

[87] Berganza (1721) Secunda parte, Appendice XIX, p. 378.�

[88] San Pedro de Carde�a, 17, p. 43.�

[89] San Pedro de Carde�a, 18, p. 44.�

[90] San Pedro de Carde�a, 12, p. 37.�

[91] P�rez de Urbel (1969/70), Vol. I, p. 262.�

[92] San Pedro de Carde�a, 12, p. 37.�

[93] Zabalza Duque, M. (1998) Colecci�n diplom�tica de los Condes de Castilla (Junta de Castilla y Le�n), p. 130.�

[94] San Pedro de Carde�a, 42, p. 71.�

[95] San Pedro de Carde�a, 46, p. 78.�

[96] Alamo, J. del (ed.) (1950) (Madrid) Colecci�n diplomatica de San Salvador de O�a 822-1284, Tomo I 822-1214 ("San Salvador de O�a (1950)") �I, 3, p. 4.�

[97] M�nguez Fern�ndez, J. M. (ed.) (1976) Colecci�n diplomatica del Monasterio de Sahag�n, Tomo I (Siglos IX y X) (Le�n), 97.�

[98] Sahag�n, Tomo I, 99.�

[99] Serrano, L. (ed.) (1927) Cartulario de Monasterio de Vega con documentos de San Pelayo de Oviedo (Madrid), Vega (�Vega�), 2, p. 3.�

[100] San Pedro de Carde�a, 42, p. 71.�

[101] Salazar Acha, J. de 'Una familia de la Alta Edad Media: Los Velas y su realidad historica', Estudios Geneal�gicos y Her�ldicos (Asociaci�n Espa�ola de Estudios Geneal�gicos y Her�ldicos, Madrid, 1985), p. 28.�

[102] San Pedro de Carde�a, 42, p. 71.�

[103] Berganza (1721) Secunda parte, Appendice XXVI, p. 381.�

[104] San Mart�n Payo, J. �Las primeras donaciones de los condes de Monzon a Santa Mar�a de Husillos�, Publicaciones de la Instituci�n Tello T�llez de Meneses no. 59 (1988) ("Husillos Santa Maria"), III, p. 323.�

[105] Husillos Santa Maria, VI, p. 330.�

[106] Husillos Santa Maria, V, p. 328.�

[107] Husillos Santa Maria, IV, p. 326.�

[108] Sahag�n, Tomo I, 175.�

[109] Sahag�n, Tomo I, 285.�

[110] Sahag�n, Tomo I, 129, 284, 290 and 293.�

[111] P�rez de Urbel (1969/70), Vol. III, p. 85 footnote 1.�

[112] Sahag�n, Tomo I, 285.�

[113] Zabalza Duque (1998), pp. 329, 357, 366, 380 and 396.�

[114] Mu�oz Romero, T. (1847) Colecci�n de Fueros municipales y cartas pueblas (Madrid), Tome I, p. 47.�

[115] San Pedro de Carde�a, 42, p. 71.�

[116] Zabalza Duque (1998), p. 249.�

[117] Husillos Santa Maria, VI, p. 330.�

[118] San Pedro de Carde�a, 42, p. 71.�

[119] Zabalza Duque (1998), p. 252.�

[120] Husillos Santa Maria, VI, p. 330.�

[121] Husillos Santa Maria, XII, p. 346.�

[122] San Pedro de Carde�a, 42, p. 71.�

[123] Berganza (1721) Secunda parte, Appendice XXVI, p. 381.�

[124] San Pedro de Carde�a, 42, p. 71.�

[125] San Pedro de Carde�a, 42, p. 71.�

[126] Berganza (1721) Secunda parte, Appendice XXVI, p. 381.�

[127] Husillos Santa Maria, II, p. 319.�

[128] Husillos Santa Maria, VI, p. 330.�

[129] Husillos Santa Maria, V, p. 328.�

[130] Zabalza Duque (1998), p. 380, and Sahag�n, Tomo I, 318, respectively.�

[131] San Pedro de Carde�a, 42, p. 71.�

[132] Berganza (1721) Secunda parte, Appendice XXVI, p. 381.�

[133] Historia Silense (P�rez), 71, p. 174.�

[134] Husillos Santa Maria, VI, p. 330.�

[135] Sahag�n, Tomo I, 175.�

[136] Chronicon Regum Legionensium: Barton, S. and Fletcher, R. (trans. and eds.) The World of El Cid: Chronicles of the Spanish Reconquest (Manchester UP), p. 79.�

[137] Loscertales de Garc�a de Valdeavellano, P. (ed.) (1976) Tumbos del monasterio de Sobrado de los monjes (Madrid) (�Sobrado�), Vol. I, 107, p. 127.�

[138] Sobrado, Vol. I, 108, p. 130.�

[139] Torres (1999), p. 95.�

[140] P�rez de Urbel (1969/70), Vol. I, p. 136.

[141] Chronicon de Carde�a, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 377.�

[142] Mart�nez D�ez (2005), p. 280.�

[143] Faria i Sousa, F. & Alarcon, F. A. de (eds.) (1641) Nobiliario del Conde de Barcelos Don Pedro (Madrid) ("Pedro Barcelos"), Tit. VIII, Lainez, 1 p. 66.�

[144] P�rez de Urbel (1969/70), Vol. I, p. 136.

[145] Llorente, J. A. (1807) Noticias Hist�ricas de las tres provincias vascongadas �lava, Guip�zcoa y Vizcaya (Madrid), Vol. III, 6, p. 29, and Arlanza, 1, p. 1.

[146] Llorente (1807) Vol. III, pp. 33-4.

[147] Llorente (1807) Vol. III, 6, p. 29, and Arlanza, 1, p. 1.

[148] Llorente (1807), Vol. III, 6, p. 29, and Arlanza, 1, p. 1.

[149] Chronicon Albeldense 69, Patrologia Latina Vol. 129, col. 1140A.�

[150] Chronicon Albeldense 75, Patrologia Latina Vol. 129, col. 1141D.�

[151] L�pez Ferreiro, A. (1899) Historia de la Santa Iglesia de Santiago de Compostela (Santiago), Tomo II, Ap�ndice, XXV, p. 46.�

[152] P�rez de Urbel (1969/70), Vol. I, pp. 229-30.�

[153] San Pedro de Carde�a, 1, p. 25.�

[154] Xim�nez de Rada, R. Historia de los Hechos, p. 186, quoted in Torres (1999), p. 209, and P�rez de Urbel (1969/70), Vol. I, p. 282.�

[155] Annales Complutense, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 310.�

[156] Arlanza, XIV, p. 40.

[157] Cronica de Sampiro 15, in Historia Silense (P�rez), p. 162.�

[158] Chronicon Sampiri, Asturicensis Episcopi, 15, Espa�a Sagrada, Tomo XIV, p. 461.�

[159] Vignau Ballester. V. (ed.) (1885) Cartulario del monasterio de Eslonza (Madrid) ("Eslonza"), Part I, I, p. 1.�

[160] Eslonza, Part I, II, p. 3.�

[161] Eslonza, Part I, III, p. 5.�

[162] P�rez de Urbel (1969/70), Vol. I, p. 262.�

[163] San Pedro de Carde�a, 12, p. 37.�

[164] Llorente (1807), Vol. III, 6, p. 29, and Arlanza, 1, p. 1.

[165] Llorente (1807), Vol. III, 6, p. 29, and Arlanza, 1, p. 1.

[166] P�rez de Urbel (1969/70), Vol. II, p. 32.�

[167] San Pedro de Carde�a, 1, p. 25.�

[168] P�rez de Urbel (1969/70), Vol. I, p. 251, and Vol. II, pp. 28-9.�

[169] P�rez de Urbel (1969/70), Vol. I, p. 245.�

[170] Mart�nez D�ez (2005), p. 194, quoting San Pedro de Carde�a, 5.�

[171] Annales Complutense, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, pp. 310-1.�

[172] P�rez de Urbel (1969/70), Vol. II, p. 22.�

[173] P�rez de Urbel (1969/70), Vol. I, p. 263.�

[174] L�pez Ferreiro (1899), Tomo II, Ap�ndice, XLV, p. 101.�

[175] San Pedro de Carde�a, 20, p. 46.�

[176] P�rez de Urbel (1969/70), Vol. II, pp. 88-9.�

[177] Zabalza Duque (1998), pp. 130-1.�

[178] P�rez de Urbel (1969/70), Vol. II, p. 22.�

[179] Arlanza, VI, p. 21.

[180] Arlanza, X, p. 31.

[181] San Pedro de Carde�a, 27, p. 53.�

[182] Zabalza Duque (1998), pp. 130-1.�

[183] Llorente (1807) Vol. III, 6, p. 29, Arlanza, 1, p. 1, and P�rez de Urbel (1969/70), Vol. II, p. 29, which notes that this contradicts the genealogy recited in the Cr�nica Najerense which must be considered unreliable in the face of this charter evidence.�

[184] Zabalza Duque (1998), pp. 130-1.�

[185] Arlanza, VI, p. 21.

[186] Arlanza, X, p. 31.

[187] Berganza (1721) Secunda parte, Appendice XVIII, p. 377, and San Pedro de Carde�a, 16, p. 42.�

[188] San Pedro de Carde�a, 11, p. 35.�

[189] Berganza (1721) Secunda parte, Appendice XVII, p. 377.�

[190] Cronica de Sampiro 19, in Historia Silense (P�rez), p. 164.�

[191] Berganza (1721) Secunda parte, Appendice XVIII, p. 377, and San Pedro de Carde�a, 16, p. 42.�

[192] San Pedro de Carde�a, 22, p. 48.�

[193] P�rez de Urbel (1969/70), Vol. II, p. 30.�

[194] P�rez de Urbel (1969/70), Vol. II, p. 30.�

[195] San Pedro de Carde�a, 2, p. 26.�

[196] San Pedro de Carde�a, 6, p. 30.�

[197] San Pedro de Carde�a, 8, p. 32.�

[198] San Pedro de Carde�a, 18, p. 44.�

[199] Cartulario de Arlanza, VII, 10, cited in P�rez de Urbel (1969/70), Vol. II, pp. 31 and 45 footnote 17.�

[200] S�ez, E, S�ez, C. (eds.) (1993) El Fondo Espa�ol del Archivo de la Academia de las Ciencias de San Petersburgo (Alcal� de Henares), 2, p. 57.�

[201] Chronicon Sampiri, Asturicensis Episcopi, 9, Espa�a Sagrada, Tomo XIV, p. 456.�

[202] L�pez Ferreiro (1899), Tomo II, Ap�ndice, XXXVIII, p. 85.�

[203] San Pedro de Carde�a, 19, p. 45.�

[204] P�rez de Urbel (1969/70), Vol. II, p. 284.�

[205] Zabalza Duque (1998), pp. 130-1.�

[206] Llorente (1807) Vol. III, 6, p. 29, Arlanza, 1, p. 1, and P�rez de Urbel (1969/70), Vol. II, p. 29, which notes that this contradicts the genealogy recited in the Cr�nica Najerense which must be considered unreliable in the face of this charter evidence.�

[207] P�rez de Urbel (1969/70), Vol. II, p. 25.�

[208] Arlanza, VI, p. 21.

[209] Garrido Garrido, J. M. (ed.) (1983) Documentaci�n de la catedral de Burgos (804-1183) (Burgos) ("Burgos Cathedral"), 3, p. 10.�

[210] San Pedro de Carde�a, 22, p. 48.�

[211] San Pedro de Carde�a, 27, p. 53.�

[212] Torres (1999), p. 211.�

[213] Valpuesta, 13, p. 32.�

[214] Del Pino, J. L. 'El Califato Omeya de C�rdoba (G�nesis y consolidaci�n pol�tica)', �lvarez Palenzuela, V. A. (coord.) (2002) Historia de Espa�a de la Edad Media (Barcelona, Ariel Historia), p. 159.�

[215] San Mill�n de la Cogolla, Tome I, 26, p. 42.�

[216] Del Pino, p. 160.�

[217] San Pedro de Carde�a, 34, p. 62 (noted as �Falso� in the compilation).�

[218] Cronica de Sampiro 23, in Historia Silense (P�rez), p. 167.�

[219] Torres (1999), p. 211.�

[220] San Mill�n de la Cogolla, Tome I, 35, p. 48.�

[221] Sahag�n, Tomo I, 98.�

[222] Sahag�n, Tomo I, 99.�

[223] Vega, 2, p. 3.�

[224] Cronica de Sampiro 25, in Historia Silense (P�rez), p. 169.�

[225] Valpuesta, 31, p. 53.�

[226] Del Pino, p. 161.�

[227] Del Pino, p. 161.�

[228] Del Pino, p. 163.�

[229] Payne, S. G. (1973) A History of Spain and Portugal, Volume 1 - Antiquity to the Seventeenth Century (University of Wisconsin Press), in the Library of Iberian Resources Online, consulted at http://libro.uca.edu/payne1/spainport1.htm (15 Dec 2002), Chapter 3, p. 50, where he quotes "Decianle por sus lides el buitre carnicero".�

[230] Berganza (1721) Secunda parte, Appendice LXIV, p. 404.�

[231] Chronicon Burgense, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 308.�

[232] Lacarra, J. M. 'Textos navarros del C�dice de Roda', Estudios de Edad Media de la Corona de Arag�n Vol. I (Zaragoza, 1945) 13 and 14, pp. 236 and 237.�

[233] F�rotin, D. M. (ed.) (1897) (Paris) Recueil des chartes de l'abbaye de Silos (�Silos�) 1, p. 1.�

[234] Burgos Cathedral, 3, p. 10.�

[235] San Pedro de Carde�a, 27, p. 53.�

[236] San Pedro de Carde�a, 34, p. 62 (noted as �Falso� in the compilation).�

[237] San Mill�n de la Cogolla, Tome I, 35, p. 48.�

[238] San Mill�n de la Cogolla, Tome I, 67, p. 79.�

[239] ES III 563.�

[240] Del Pino, p. 162.�

[241] Zabalza Duque.�

[242] Sorde Saint-Jean, p. 2 footnote 3, which quotes an extract of this charter, no longer in the cartulary, from Marca Histoire de B�arn, p. 229.�

[243] ES III 563.�

[244] San Mill�n de la Cogolla, Tome I, 108, p. 117.�

[245] Sorde Saint-Jean, p. 2 footnote 3, which quotes an extract of this charter, no longer in the cartulary, from Marca Histoire de B�arn, p. 229.�

[246] Sorde Saint-Jean, p. 2 footnote 3, which quotes an extract of this charter, no longer in the cartulary, from Marca Histoire de B�arn, p. 229.�

[247] Ex Historia Abbati� Condomensis, RHGF XI, p. 395.�

[248] Jaurgain (1898), pp. 399-, quoting Marca, P. de Histoire de B�arn, p. 232.

[249] Jaurgain (1902), p. 12, quoting Buisson, D. P.-D. Historia monasterii S. Severi, t. II, p. 128.

[250] San Pedro de Carde�a, 27, p. 53.�

[251] San Mill�n de la Cogolla, Tome I, 26, p. 42.�

[252] San Pedro de Carde�a, 34, p. 62 (noted as �Falso� in the compilation).�

[253] Zabalza Duque (1998), pp. 226-7.�

[254] San Mill�n de la Cogolla, Tome I, 35, p. 48.�

[255] Sahag�n, Tomo I, 99.�

[256] San Pedro de Carde�a, 96, p. 126.�

[257] San Pedro de Carde�a, 96, p. 126.�

[258] San Pedro de Carde�a, 191, p. 232.�

[259] San Pedro de Carde�a, 191, p. 232.�

[260] San Pedro de Carde�a, 27, p. 53.�

[261] San Mill�n de la Cogolla, Tome I, 26, p. 42.�

[262] San Pedro de Carde�a, 34, p. 62 (noted as �Falso� in the compilation).�

[263] Zabalza Duque (1998), pp. 226-7.�

[264] San Mill�n de la Cogolla, Tome I, 35, p. 48.�

[265] P�rez de Urbel (1969/70), Vol. II, p. 270.�

[266] Berganza (1721) Secunda parte, Appendice XXVI, p. 381.�

[267] Zabalza Duque (1998), pp. 226-7.�

[268] P�rez de Urbel (1969/70), Vol. II, p. 271.�

[269] Berganza (1721) Secunda parte, Appendice LXIV, p. 404.�

[270] San Mill�n de la Cogolla, Tome I, 35, p. 48.�

[271] San Pedro de Carde�a, 34, p. 62 (noted as �Falso� in the compilation).�

[272] Zabalza Duque (1998), p. 374.�

[273] Serrano, L. (ed.) (1907) Cartulario del Infantado de Covarrubias, Fuentes para la Historia de Castilla por los pp. benedictinos de Silos, Tomo II (Silos) ("Infantado de Covarrubias"), VII, p. 13.�

[274] Zabalza Duque (1998), p. 419.�

[275] P�rez de Urbel (1969/70), Vol. III, p. 58, and Zabalza Duque (1998), p. 539.��

[276] P�rez de Urbel (1969/70), Vol. III, p. 59.�

[277] P�rez de Urbel (1969/70), Vol. III, p. 59.�

[278] P�rez, J., Romualdo Escalona, F. (1782) Historia del real monasterio de Sahagun (Madrid) ("Sahag�n (P�rez)"), Ap�ndice III, Escritura LXXXIV, p. 452.�

[279] Cronica de Sampiro 23, in Historia Silense (P�rez), pp. 167-8.�

[280] Torres (1999), p. 211.�

[281] Espa�a Sagrada, Tomo XIX, p. 364.�

[282] P�rez de Urbel, J. �Los Padres de Vermudo II el Gotoso�, Revista de Archivos, Biblioteca y Museos 55 (1949), p. 300, available at <http://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/issue.vm?id=0000115613&page=5&search=perez+urbel+padres+vermudo+gotoso&lang=es> (22 Nov 2012).�

[283] Cronica de Sampiro 26, in Historia Silense (P�rez), p. 169.�

[284] Lacarra, J. M. 'Textos navarros del C�dice de Roda', Estudios de Edad Media de la Corona de Arag�n Vol. I (Zaragoza, 1945) 17, p. 239.�

[285] Siresa 10, p. 30.�

[286] Chronicon Burgense, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 308.�

[287] L�pez Ferreiro (1899), Tomo II, Ap�ndice, LXXII, p. 166.�

[288] Siresa 11, p. 32, and Canellas, A. 'Un documento original del rey Sancho Garc�s II Abarca', Estudios de Edad Media de la Corona de Arag�n Vol. I (Zaragoza, 1945) p. 190.�

[289] Infantado de Covarrubias, VII, p. 13.�

[290] Siresa 12, p. 33.�

[291] Zabalza Duque (1998), p. 567.�

[292] San Pedro de Carde�a, 34, p. 62 (noted as �Falso� in the compilation).�

[293] San Mill�n de la Cogolla, Tome I, 35, p. 48.�

[294] Infantado de Covarrubias, II, p. 4.�

[295] Mu�oz Romero (1847), Tome I, p. 37.�

[296] Del Pino, p. 163.�

[297] Torres Sevilla Qui�ones de Le�n, M. 'El R�gimen de Almanzor', �lvarez Palenzuela, V. A. (coord.) (2002) Historia de Espa�a de la Edad Media (Barcelona, Ariel Historia), p. 174.�

[298] Infantado de Covarrubias, VII, p. 13.�

[299] Annales Complutense, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, pp. 311-2.�

[300] San Mill�n de la Cogolla, Tome I, 95, p. 109.�

[301] Chronicon Burgense, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 308.�

[302] Annales Complutense, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 312.�

[303] Lacarra, J. M. 'Textos navarros del C�dice de Roda', Estudios de Edad Media de la Corona de Arag�n Vol. I (Zaragoza, 1945) 26, p. 246.�

[304] D�Abadals i Vinyals, R. (2009) Els Comtats de Pallars i Ribagor�a, Catalunya Carol�ngia, Vol. III (Barcelona), Part 1, 24, and Fragmentum historicum, Ex cartulario Alaonis, Espa�a Sagrada XLVI, XXXVI, p. 325.�

[305] Zabalza Duque (1998), p. 329, marked suspect in the compilation.�

[306] Berganza (1721) Secunda parte, Appendice LXVI, p. 406.�

[307] Infantado de Covarrubias, II, p. 4.�

[308] Mu�oz Romero (1847), Tome I, p. 37.�

[309] Infantado de Covarrubias, VII, p. 13.�

[310] Torres (1999), p. 215.�

[311] Puig i Ferret�, I. M. (ed.) (1991) El Monestir de Santa Maria de Gerri (segles XI-XV) Collecci� Diplom�tica Vol. II (Barcelona) ("Santa Maria de Gerri") 2, p. 2.�

[312] D�Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 1, 24, and Fragmentum historicum, Ex cartulario Alaonis, Espa�a Sagrada XLVI, XXXVI, p. 326.�

[313] ES III 119.�

[314] P�rez de Urbel (1969/70), Vol. III, pp. 152-3.�

[315] Zabalza Duque (1998), p. 374.�

[316] Infantado de Covarrubias, VII, p. 13.�

[317] Mu�oz Romero (1847), Tome I, p. 37.�

[318] Infantado de Covarrubias, VII, p. 13.�

[319] San Mill�n de la Cogolla, Tome I, 123, p. 128.�

[320] Infantado de Covarrubias, XIII, p. 38.�

[321] Infantado de Covarrubias, VII, p. 13.�

[322] Zabalza Duque (1998), pp. 458 and 489.�

[323] Chronicon Regum Legionensium, p. 77.�

[324] Dozy, R. (1859) Recherches sur l�histoire et la literature de l�Espagne pendant le moyen-�ge (Leiden), Tome I, Ibn-Khaldoun Histoire des Beni-Alphonse de Galice (French trans.), p. 110.�

[325] Espa�a Sagrada XXXVI, V, Appendix V, p. ix.�

[326] L�pez Ferreiro (1899), Tomo II, Ap�ndice, LXXXII, p. 199.�

[327] L�pez Ferreiro (1899), Tomo II, Ap�ndice, LXXXV, p. 205.�

[328] Infantado de Covarrubias, VII, p. 13.�

[329] Sahag�n (P�rez), Ap�ndice III, Escritura LXXXI, p. 449.�

[330] P�rez de Urbel (1969/70), Vol. III, p. 1.�

[331] Argaiz, G. de (1675) La soledad laureada por San Benito y sus hijos en las Iglesias de Espa�a y teatro mon�stico de la provincia de Asturias y Cantabria (Madrid), Tomo VI, p. 399.�

[332] Mart�nez D�ez (2005), p. 554.�

[333] Zabalza Duque (1998), p. 374.�

[334] Mu�oz Romero (1847), Tome I, p. 37.�

[335] Infantado de Covarrubias, VII, p. 13.�

[336] Torres (2002), p. 174.�

[337] Annales Complutense, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, pp. 311-2.�

[338] Dozy (1859), Tome I, Ibn-Khaldoun Histoire des Beni-Alphonse de Galice (French trans.), p. 110.�

[339] San Mill�n de la Cogolla, Tome I, 123, p. 128.�

[340] Chronicon Burgense, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 308.�

[341] Dozy (1859), Tome I, Ibn-Khaldoun Histoire des Beni-Alphonse de Galice (French trans.), pp. 111-2.�

[342] Chronicon Burgense, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 308.�

[343] San Salvador de O�a (1950) I, 8, p. 11.�

[344] Salazar y Acha, J. de �Urraca, Un nombre egregio en la onom�stica altomedieval�, En la Espa�a medieval, Anejo I, 2006, p. 36, available at <http://www.ucm.es/BUCM/revistasBUC/portal/modulos.php?name=Revistas2_Historico&id=ELEM&num=ELEM060622> (10 Feb 2008), citing Salazar y Acha, J. de �Una hija desconocida de Sancho el Mayor, Reina de Le�n�, Principe de Viana anejo 8 1988.�

[345] Annales Complutense, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 311.�

[346] Anales Toledanos I, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 384.�

[347] Cr�nica Latina de los reyes de Castilla (trans. unknown), I, 1, consulted at <http://www.geocities.com/iblbo/archivo/cronicacastilla.menu.htm> (12 Apr 2008).�

[348] P�rez de Urbel (1969/70), Vol. III, p. 97, although the author points out that dating of the charters of Sancho III King of Navarre is suspect.�

[349] Pamplona 7, p. 29.�

[350] Albelda 31, p. 41.�

[351] Bernard, A. and Bruel, A. (eds.) (1876-1903) Recueil des chartes de l'abbaye de Cluny ( Paris), Tome IV, 2891, p. 89.�

[352] Pamplona 5, p. 24.�

[353] P�rez de Urbel (1969/70), Vol. III, p. 97, quoted at p. 111 footnote 8.��

[354] San Zoilo de Carri�n, 4, p. 11.�

[355] Burgos Cathedral, 10, p. 25.�

[356] San Salvador de O�a (1950) I, 8, p. 11.�

[357] P�rez de Urbel (1969/70), Vol. III, pp. 122-3.�

[358] Speculative date suggested by Salazar y Acha, J. 'Una hija desconocida de Sancho el Mayor reina de Le�n' Pr�ncipe de Viana 49 (1988), p. 187, based on the date of her marriage.�

[359] P�rez de Urbel (1969/70), Vol. III, p. 128.�

[360] According to P�rez de Urbel (1969/70), Vol. III, p. 131, the celebrations for the marriage were organised by Mundir bin Yahya, ruler of Zaragoza.�

[361] Chronicon Burgense, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 308.�

[362] Annales Complutense, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 312.�

[363] Jusu�, E. (1912) Libro de la Regla o Cartulario de la antigua abadia de Santillana del Mar (Madrid) (�Santillana del Mar (Jusu�)�), XXI, p. 25. �

[364] Infantado de Covarrubias, XIII, p. 38.�

[365] Berganza (1721) Secunda parte, Appendice LXXXI, p. 416.�

[366] Chronicon Burgense, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 308.�

[367] Annales Complutense, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 313.�

[368] Salazar Acha 'Los Velas', pp. 20-1.�

[369] Xim�nez de Rada, R. Historia de los hechos de Espa�a (Madrid, 1989).�

[370] Leire 15, p. 33.�

[371] Pamplona 7, p. 29.�

[372] Cluny Tome IV, 2891, p. 89.�

[373] Historia Silense (P�rez), 75, p. 179.�

[374] Historia Silense, Chapters 78 and 79, pp. 43-4.�

[375] Historia Silense, Chapter 80, p. 44.�

[376] Berganza (1721) Secunda parte, Appendice XCIV, p. 428.�

[377] Reilly, B. F. (1988) The Kingdom of Le�n-Castilla under King Alfonso VI 1065-1109 (Princeton University Press), Chapter 1, p. 9, in the Library of Iberian Resources Online, consulted at <http://libro.uca.edu/alfonso6/alfonso.htm> (7 Dec 2002).�

[378] MacKay, A. (1977) Spain in the Middle Ages, p. 25.�

[379] Kennedy, H. (1996) Muslim Spain and Portugal (Longman), p. 147.��

[380] L�pez Ferreiro (1899), Tomo II, Ap�ndice, XCIV, p. 236.�

[381] Reilly (1988), p. 10.�

[382] Historia Silense, Chapter 103, p. 60.�

[383] Reilly (1988), Chapter 2, p. 14, and Chronicon Regum Legionensium, pp. 82-3.�

[384] L�pez Ferreiro (1899), Tomo II, Ap�ndice, XCVI, p. 242.�

[385] Chronicon Regum Legionensium, p. 82.�

[386] Chronicon Lusitanum, Espa�a Sagrada, Tomo XIV, p. 418.�

[387] Chronicon Burgense, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 309.�

[388] Chronicon Regum Legionensium, p. 82.�

[389] Historia Silense (P�rez), 75, p. 179.�

[390] Chronicon Regum Legionensium, p. 80.�

[391] L�pez Ferreiro (1899), Tomo II, Ap�ndice, XCVI, p. 242.�

[392] Annales Complutense, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 313.�

[393] Chronicon Regum Legionensium, p. 81.�

[394] Historia Silense, Chapters 12 and 81, pp. 33 and 45.�

[395] Berganza (1721) Secunda parte, Appendice XCIV, p. 428.�

[396] L�pez Ferreiro (1899), Tomo II, Ap�ndice, XCVI, p. 242.�

[397] L�pez Ferreiro (1899), Tomo II, Ap�ndice, XCVII, p. 245.�

[398] San Mill�n de la Cogolla II, 376 bis, p. 403.�

[399] Eslonza, Part I, V, p. 8.�

[400] Espa�a Sagrada XXVII, VII, p. 456.�

[401] Cluny Tome IV, 3508, p. 625.�

[402] Historia Silense, Chapter 103, p. 61, interpreted as meaning the monasteries under control of the crown.�

[403] Barton and Fletcher The World of El Cid, p. 61 footnote 191.�

[404] L�pez Ferreiro, A. (1900) Historia de la Santa Iglesia de Santiago de Compostela (Santiago), Tomo III, Ap�ndice, I, p. 1.�

[405] Eslonza, Part I, VI, p. 10.�

[406] Eslonza, Part I, VII, p. 13.�

[407] L�pez Ferreiro (1900), Tomo III, Ap�ndice, XV, p. 50.�

[408] Infantado de Covarrubias, XX, p. 50.�

[409] Anales Toledanos I, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 386.�

[410] Historia Silense, Chapter 11, p. 32.�

[411] Chronicon Regum Legionensium, p. 81.�

[412] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1063, MGH SS XXIII, p. 793.�

[413] Berganza (1721) Secunda parte, Appendice XCIV, p. 428.�

[414] L�pez Ferreiro (1899), Tomo II, Ap�ndice, XCVI, p. 242.�

[415] Reilly (1988), Chapter 3, p. 49.�

[416] San Mill�n de la Cogolla II, 376 bis, p. 403.�

[417] Chronicon Burgense, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 309.�

[418] Annales Complutense, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 313.�

[419] Chronicon Regum Legionensium, p. 83.�

[420] Ubieto Arteta, A. (ed.) (1989)"Cor�nicas" Navarras (Zaragoza) 2.16, p. 41.�

[421] Salazar y Acha, J. �Reflexiones sobre la posible historicidad de un episodio de la Cr�nica Najerense�, Principe de Viana, Anejo no. 14, 1992, pp. 149-56.�

[422] Ubieto Arteta, A. (ed.) (1988) Cr�nica Najerense (Zaragoza, Textos Medievales 15), p. 110, quoted in Salazar y Acha �Reflexiones sobre��, p. 150.�

[423] Salazar y Acha, J. �Reflexiones sobre la posible historicidad de un episodio de la Cr�nica Najerense�, Principe de Viana, Anejo no. 14, 1992, p. 154.�

[424] Rodr�guez, R. (ed.) Cat�logo de Documentos del Monasterio de Santa Mar�a de Otero de las Due�as, 191, p. 60, quoted in Salazar y Acha �Reflexiones sobre��, pp. 152 and 153.�

[425] N�jera Santa Mar�a 18, p. 34.�

[426] Florez, H. (1770) Memorias de las reynas cath�licas (Madrid), Tomo I, p. 157.�

[427] Berganza (1721) Secunda parte, Appendice CXII, p. 436.�

[428] Reilly (1988), Chapter 3, p. 46.�

[429] Berganza (1721) Secunda parte, Appendice XCIV, p. 428.�

[430] ES II 57.�

[431] Chronicon Regum Legionensium, p. 81.�

[432] Historia Silense, Chapter 81, p. 45.�

[433] L�pez Ferreiro (1899), Tomo II, Ap�ndice, XCVI, p. 242.�

[434] San Mill�n de la Cogolla, Tome I, 361, p. 342.�

[435] L�pez Ferreiro (1899), Tomo II, Ap�ndice, XCVIII, p. 248.�

[436] San Mill�n de la Cogolla II, 376 bis, p. 403.�

[437] Espa�a Sagrada XXVII, VII, p. 456.�

[438] Cluny Tome IV, 3508, p. 625.�

[439] L�pez Ferreiro (1900), Tomo III, Ap�ndice, I, p. 1.�

[440] L�pez Ferreiro (1900), Tomo III, Ap�ndice, III, p. 25.�

[441] Eslonza, Part I, VI, p. 10.�

[442] L�pez Ferreiro (1900), Tomo III, Ap�ndice, XV, p. 50.�

[443] Anales Toledanos I, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 385.�

[444] Chronicon Regum Legionensium, p. 81.�

[445] Cluny Tome IV, 3509, p. 627.�

[446] Historia Silense, Chapter 13, p. 34.�

[447] Chronicon Regum Legionensium, p. 81.�

[448] Berganza (1721) Secunda parte, Appendice XCIV, p. 428.�

[449] L�pez Ferreiro (1899), Tomo II, Ap�ndice, XCVI, p. 242.�

[450] Reilly (1988), Chapter 2, p. 23.�

[451] Chronicon Compostellana, Espa�a Sagrada 51 vols. (Madrid, 1747-1879), Vol. 20, p. 610, and Historia Silense, Chapter 13, p. 34.�

[452] Chronicon Regum Legionensium, p. 84.�

[453] Annales Compostellani, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 321.�

[454] Chronicon Compostellani, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 327.�

[455] Annales Complutense, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 313.�

[456] Reilly, B. F. (1982) The Kingdom of Le�n-Castilla under Queen Urraca 1109-1126 (Princeton University Press), Chapter 7, p. 221, in the Library of Iberian Resources Online [consulted at http://libro.uca.edu/urraca/urraca.htm] (7 Dec 2002).�

[457] Chronicon Regum Legionensium, p. 81.�

[458] Chronicle of Sahag�n, cited in Barton and Fletcher The World of El Cid.�

[459] Historia Silense, Chapter 81, p. 45.�

[460] Berganza (1721) Secunda parte, Appendice XCIV, p. 428.�

[461] L�pez Ferreiro (1899), Tomo II, Ap�ndice, XCVI, p. 242.�

[462] Kennedy (1996), p.. 151.�

[463] Reilly (1988), Chapter 5, p. 95.�

[464] San Mill�n de la Cogolla II, 1, p. 7.�

[465] Reilly (1988), Chapter 5, p. 104.�

[466] L�pez Ferreiro (1900), Tomo III, Ap�ndice, V, p. 31.�

[467] Chronicon Regum Legionensium, p. 88.�

[468] Chronicon Lusitanum, Espa�a Sagrada, Tomo XIV, p. 420.�

[469] Malmesbury, III.276, p. 256.�

[470] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. III, Book� V, p. 115, the editor in footnote 1 highlighting that elsewhere Orderic referred to King Alfonso as "Hildefonsus" and the possibility that the king of Galicia in question was in fact Alfonso's brother Garcia.�

[471] Matthew Paris, Vol. II, 1086, p. 22.�

[472] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. III, Book� V, p. 115.�

[473] Reilly (1988) Chapter 3, p. 47.�

[474] Chronicon sancti Maxentii Pictavensis, Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou, pp. 400 and 405.�

[475] Chronicon Regum Legionensium, p. 87.�

[476] Roderici Toletani Archiepiscopi De Rebus Hispani�, Liber IX, VI, 11, RHGF XII, p. 381.�

[477] Cluny Tome IV, 3508, p. 625.�

[478] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. V, Book X, p. 307.��

[479] Sandoval, P. de (1792) Historia de los reyes de Castilla y de Le�n, Vol. I, p. 212.�

[480] Annales Compostellani, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 321.�

[481] Reilly (1988), Chapter 12, p. 241.�

[482] Kerrebrouck, p. 557 footnote 30.�

[483] Ex Chronico Trenorciensi, RHGF XI, p. 112.�

[484] Chifflet, P. F. (1644) Histoire de l�abbaye royale et de la ville de Tournus (Dijon), Preuves, p. 331. �

[485] Cluny Tome IV, 3533, p. 654, dated 1117 "Spanish Era".�

[486] Godefroy, T. (1610) De l'origine des roys de Portugal yssus en ligne masculine de la maison de France (Paris), quoted in Kerrebrouck (2000), p. 560 footnote 16, which says that this chronicle fragment was first published at Frankfurt in 1596.�

[487] Chronicon Regum Legionensium, p. 87.�

[488] Referred to by Reilly (1988), Chapter 6, footnote 58.�

[489] San Salvador de O�a I, 99, p. 127.�

[490] Reilly (1988), Chapter 12, p. 240.�

[491] Sahag�n (P�rez), Ap�ndice I, Historia del monasterio de Sahagun, Cap. VII, p. 300.�

[492] Sahag�n (P�rez), Lib. II, cap. V.2, p. 72.�

[493] Chronicon Regum Legionensium, p. 87.�

[494] Roderici Toletani Archiepiscopi De Rebus Hispani�, Liber IX, VI, 11, RHGF XII, p. 381.�

[495] ES II 57.�

[496] Szabolcs de Vajay 'Bourgogne, Lorraine et Espagne', pp. 233-4, n. 1, cited in Bouchard, p. 273.�

[497] Reilly (1988), Chapter 12, p. 247.�

[498] Chapter 12, p. 247 footnote 68.�

[499] Silos 24, p. 30.�

[500] Silos 25, p. 31.�

[501] Silos 26, p. 33.�

[502] Eslonza, Part I, VI, p. 10.�

[503] Reilly (1988), Chapter 14, p. 296.�

[504] Reilly (1988), Chapter 1, p. 32 footnote 68.�

[505] Cluny, Tome V, 3735, p. 83.�

[506] Sahag�n (P�rez), Ap�ndice I, Historia del monasterio de Sahagun, Cap. VIII, p. 300.�

[507] Sahag�n (P�rez), Lib. II, cap. V.2, p. 72.�

[508] Chronicon Regum Legionensium, p. 87.�

[509] Reilly (1982) Chapter 1, p. 33.�

[510] San Salvador de O�a I, 71, p. 107.�

[511] San Salvador de O�a I, 86, p. 121.�

[512] Ma�ueco Villalobos, M. & Zurita Nieto, J. (1917) Documentos de la Iglesia Colegial de Santa Mar�a la Mayor de Valladolid (Valladolid) ("Valladolid Santa Mar�a"), Tome I, X, p. 62.�

[513] San Salvador de O�a I, 116, p. 149.�

[514] Reilly (1988), Chapter 14, p. 297.�

[515] Reilly (1988), Chapter 15, p. 325.�

[516] Chronicon Regum Legionensium, p. 88.�

[517] Chronicon de Carde�a, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 378.�

[518] Salazar y Acha, J. de �Pol�tica matrimonial de Alfonso VI de Castilla�, Anales de la Real Academia Matritense de H�raldica y Genealog�a, Vol. II (1992-93, Madrid), p. 319, quoting in translation an extract quoted in Levi Proven�al, E. �La mora Zaida, femme d�Alphonse VI de Castille, et leur fils l�infant don Sancho�, Hesperis 18 (1934), pp. 1-8 and 200-1.�

[519] Salazar y Acha �Pol�tica matrimonial de Alfonso VI de Castilla�, p. 320.�

[520] Montaner Frutos, A. �La mora Zaida, entre historia y leyenda�, Taylor, B. & West, G. (eds.) (2005) Historicist Essays on Hispano-Medieval Narrative: In Memory of Roger M. Walker (Leeds), p. 272, available in Google Book �Limited Preview�.�

[521] Reilly (1988), Chapter 12, p. 234.��

[522] Chronicon Regum Legionensium, p. 88.��

[523] Reilly (1988), Chapter 16, p. 339.�

[524] Reilly (1988), p. 339.�

[525] L�pez Ferreiro (1900), Tomo III, Ap�ndice, XXIII, p. 70.�

[526] Reilly (1988), Chapter 15, p. 325.�

[527] Reilly (1988), Chapter 12, p. 234, and Chapter 16, p. 339 footnote 46.� .�

[528] Sahag�n (P�rez), Lib. II, cap. V.3, p. 73.�

[529] Chronicon Regum Legionensium, p. 87.�

[530] Roderici Toletani Archiepiscopi De Rebus Hispani�, Liber IX, VI, 11, RHGF XII, p. 381.�

[531] Chronicon Regum Legionensium, p. 87.�

[532] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. V, Book X, p. 307.��

[533] Jimena is discussed in Jos� M. Canal S�nchez-Pag�n 'Jimena Mu�oz, amiga de Alfonso VI' Anuario de estudios medievales 21 (1991), pp. 11-40.�

[534] Chronicon Regum Legionensium, p. 87.�

[535] Chronicon de Carde�a, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 378.�

[536] Reilly (1988), Chapter 6, p. 109.�

[537] Reilly (1988), Chapter 12, p. 192.�

[538] Quintana Prieto, A. (ed.) (1971) Tumbo Viejo de San Pedro de Montes (Le�n) ("San Pedro de Montes"), 42, p. 127.

[539] San Pedro de Montes, 63, p. 149.

[540] San Pedro de Montes, 79, p. 166.

[541] San Pedro de Montes, 94, p. 181.

[542] San Pedro de Montes, 97, p. 184.

[543] San Pedro de Montes, 110, p. 198.

[544] San Pedro de Montes, 106, 107, 113, 117, and 121, pp. 194, 195, 202, 208, and 213.

[545] San Pedro de Montes, 127, 131, 132, and 135, p. 221, 225, 226, and 230.

[546] Rodr�guez Gonz�lez, M. C. �Concubina o esposa. Reflexiones sobre la uni�n de Jimena Mu�iz con Alfonso VI�, Studia Historica, Historia Medieval No. 25 (2007), p. 164, citing Ayala Mart�nez, C. (1995) Libro de privilegios de la Orden de San Juan de Jerusal�n en Castilla y Le�n (siglos XII-XV) (Madrid), doc. 21.�

[547] Rodr�guez Gonz�lez �Concubina�Jimena Mu�iz�, p. 164, citing Ayala Mart�nez (1995), doc. 22.�

[548] Cavero Dom�nguez, G. & Mart�n L�pez, E. (eds.) (2000) Colecci�n documental de la Catedral de Astorga (Le�n) ("Astorga Cathedral"), Vol. II, 642, p. 61.�

[549] Herrero Jim�nez, M. (ed.) (1994) Colecci�n documental del archivo de la catedral de Le�n, Vol. X, Obituarios medievales (Le�n) (�Le�n Cathedral Necrology�).�

[550] Sandoval, P. de (1792) Historia de los reyes de Castilla y de Le�n, Vol. I, p. 347.�

[551] Rodr�guez Gonz�lez �Concubina�Jimena Mu�iz�, p. 166, quoting text of inscription now in Museo de San Marcos de Le�n.�

[552] Sandoval, P. de (1792) Historia de los reyes de Castilla y de Le�n, Vol. I, p. 347.�

[553] According to Salazar y Acha, J. (2000) La casa del Rey de Castilla y Le�n en la Edad Media (Centro de Estudios Pol�ticos y Constitucionales Madrid), p. 57, the earliest use of the title Infante/Infanta was by the children of Alfonso VI King of Castile and Le�n.

[554] This date is suggested by Reilly (1988), Chapter 10, p. 192.�

[555] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1143, MGH SS XXIII, p. 837.�

[556] Reilly (1988), Chapter 12, p. 248, though no source is given.� This date is consistent with Sancho having been of age to have fought at Ucl�s in 1108.�

[557] Chronicon Regum Legionensium, p. 88.�

[558] Reilly (1982) Chapter 1, p. 39, referring to a document of the monastery of O�a dated 23 Apr 1107.�

[559] San Salvador de O�a I, 116, p. 149.�

[560] L�pez Ferreiro (1900), Tomo III, Ap�ndice, XXIII, p. 70.�

[561] Reilly (1982) Chapter 1, p. 42.�

[562] Anales Toledanos I, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 386.�

[563] Chronicon Regum Legionensium, p. 87.�

[564] Reilly (1988), Chapter 14, p. 318.�

[565] Salazar y Castro, L. (1694) Pruebas de la Casa de Lara (Madrid) ("Salazar y Castro (Lara), Pruebas"), p. 653.�

[566] Chronicon Regum Legionensium, p. 87.�

[567] Reilly (1988), Chapter 14, p. 318.�

[568] Romoaldi Annales, MGH SS XIX, p. 421.�

[569] Reilly (1982), Chapter 7, p. 218.�

[570] Alexandri Telesini C�nobii Abbatis de Rebus Gestis Rogerii Sicili� Regis ("Alessandro of Telese�s De Rebus Gestis Rogerii Sicili� Regis)", Re, G. del (ed.) (1845) Cronisti e scrittori sincroni Napoletani, Vol. 1 (Napoli), III.I, p. 129.�

[571] Cronica di Romualdo Guarna arcivescovo Salernitano (Chronicon Romualdi II archiepiscopi Salernitani) ("Romualdo Guarna"), Re, G. del (ed.) (1845) Cronisti e scrittori sincroni Napoletani, Vol. 1 (Napoli), 1145, p. 16.�

[572] Chronicon Regum Legionensium, p. 87.�

[573] Marseille Saint-Victor II, Chartularium Majus, 686, p. 25.�

[574] L'abb� Goiffon (ed.) (1882) Bullaire de l�abbaye de Saint-Gilles (N�mes) ("Bullaire de Saint-Gilles"), XV, p. 30.�

[575] Guiberto Historia qu� dicitur gesta dei per Francos, RHC, Historiens occidentaux, IV (Paris, 1879) ("Guibert") II.XVIII, p. 150.�

[576] Runciman, S. (1952) A History of the Crusades (Penguin Books, 1978), Vol. 2, p. 65.�

[577] Ayala Mart�nez, C. de (1995) Libro de los privilegios de la orden de San Juan de Jerusal�n in Castilla y Le�n (Siglos XII-XV) (Instituto Complutense) ("San Juan de Jerusal�n Castilla Le�n"), 10, p. 152.�

[578] Cluny Tome V, 3927, p. 280.�

[579] Rodr�guez Gonz�lez, M. C. �Concubina o esposa. Reflexiones sobre la uni�n de Jimena Mu�iz con Alfonso VI�, Studia Historica, Historia Medieval No. 25 (2007), p. 164, citing Ayala Mart�nez, C. (1995) Libro de privilegios de la Orden de San Juan de Jerusal�n en Castilla y Le�n (siglos XII-XV) (Madrid), doc. 21.�

[580] Sahag�n (P�rez), Ap�ndice III, Escritura CCX, p. 570.�

[581] Reilly (1982), Chapter 7, p. 218, footnote 35.� .�

[582] Canal S�nchez-Pang�n, J. M. 'La Infanta do�a Elvira, hija de Alfonso VI y de Jimena Mu�oz, a la luz de los diplomas', Archivos leoneses 33 (1979), pp. 271-87.�

[583] San Juan de Jerusal�n Castilla Le�n, 18, p. 161.�

[584] Fern�ndez Cat�n, J. M. (ed.) (1990) Colecci�n documental del archivo de la Catedral de Le�n (Le�n) ("Le�n Cathedral"), Vol. V, 1407, p. 164.�

[585] Le�n Cathedral, Vol. V, 1416, p. 179.�

[586] San Pedro de Montes, 150, 151, 152, 157, 160, 168, 177, and 185, pp. 248, 249, 250, 255, 259, 268, 279, and 287.

[587] Astorga Cathedral, Vol. II, 703, p. 89.�

[588] San Pedro de Montes, 171, p. 271.

[589] Le�n Cathedral, Vol. V, 1471, p. 263.�

[590] Le�n Cathedral Necrology.�

[591] Chronicon Regum Legionensium, p. 87.�

[592] Rodr�guez Gonz�lez, M. C. �Concubina o esposa. Reflexiones sobre la uni�n de Jimena Mu�iz con Alfonso VI�, Studia Historica, Historia Medieval No. 25 (2007), p. 145, quoting Fern�ndez Cat�n, J. M. (1990) Colecci�n documental del Archivo de la Catedral de Le�n (1109-1187) (Le�n), Vol. V, doc. 1436.�

[593] Sahag�n (P�rez), Ap�ndice I, Historia del monasterio de Sahagun, Cap. XXI, p. 306.�

[594] Godefroy, T. (1610) De l'origine des roys de Portugal yssus en ligne masculine de la maison de France (Paris), quoted in Kerrebrouck (2000), p. 560 footnote 16, which says that this chronicle fragment was first published at Frankfurt in 1596.�

[595] Sousa, A. C. de (1739) Provas da Historia Genealogica da Casa Real Portugueza (Lisbon), Tomo I, I, p. 2.�

[596] Eslonza, Part I, VI, p. 10.�

[597] Historia Compostelana, Espa�a Sagrada XX, pp. 517-8.�

[598] Barton, S. and Fletcher, R. (trans. and eds.) The World of El Cid: Chronicles of the Spanish Reconquest, Chronica Adefonsi Imperatoris (Manchester UP) (�Chronica Adefonsi Imperatoris�), I, 5, p. 165.�

[599] Chronicon Lusitanum, Espa�a Sagrada, Tomo XIV, p. 422.�

[600] Some time in 1096 according to Reilly (1988), Chapter 12, p. 254.�

[601] Reilly (1988), Chapter 12, p. 194, and Le H�te, T. Les Comtes Palatins de Bourgogne et leur descendance agnatique (1995) p. 176.�

[602] Castro Toledo, J. (1981) Colecci�n diplom�tica de Tordesillas (Valladolid) (�Tordesillas�), 8, p. 6.�

[603] Tordesillas, 9, p. 7.�

[604] Reilly (1988), Chapter 12, p. 251.�

[605] This date is suggested by Reilly (1988), Chapter 10, p. 192.�

[606] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1143, MGH SS XXIII, p. 837.�

[607] San Salvador de O�a I, 116, p. 149.�

[608] L�pez Ferreiro (1900), Tomo III, Ap�ndice, XXV, p. 75.�

[609] L�pez Ferreiro (1900), Tomo III, Ap�ndice, XXVII, p. 79.�

[610] Silos 30, p. 43.�

[611] Cluny, Tome V, 3947, p. 301.�

[612] Silos 32, p. 46.�

[613] Chronica Adefonsi Imperatoris I, 1, p. 162.�

[614] Chronicon Burgense, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 309.�

[615] Chronicon Compostellani, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 327.�

[616] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. VI, Book XIII, p. 409.�

[617] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1032, MGH SS XXIII, p. 784, although this passage is out of date order.�

[618] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1143, MGH SS XXIII, p. 837.�

[619] Cluny Tome IV, 3615, p. 776.�

[620] Dijon Saint-B�nigne II, 365, p. 143.�

[621] Reilly (1988), Chapter 12, p. 194, and Le H�te, p. 176.�

[622] Reilly (1988), Chapter 12, p. 194.�

[623] L�pez Ferreiro (1900), Tomo III, Ap�ndice, V, p. 31.�

[624] San Salvador de O�a I, 99, p. 127.�

[625] Reilly (1988), Chapter 12, p. 251.�

[626] Tordesillas, 8, p. 6.�

[627] Tordesillas, 9, p. 7.�

[628] Reilly (1988), Chapter 13, p. 276.�

[629] Cluny, Tome V, 3774, p. 125.�

[630] Reilly (1982) Chapter 1, p. 35.�

[631] Dijon Saint-B�nigne II, 420, p. 198.�

[632] Cr�nica Latina de los reyes de Castilla, I, 4.�

[633] Ex Gestis Comitum Barcinonensium, RHGF XII, p. 378.�

[634] Cr�nica Latina de los reyes de Castilla, I, 4.�

[635] Szabolcs de Vajay 'From Alfonso VII to Alfonso X, the first two centuries of the Burgundian dynasty in Castile and Leon - a prosopographical catalogue in social genealogy, 1100-1300', Studies in Genealogy and Family History in tribute to Charles Evans, edited Lindsay L Brook (Association for the Promotion of Scholarship in Genealogy Ltd, Occasional Publication no 2, 1989, Salt Lake City, Utah), p. 371.�

[636] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1143, MGH SS XXIII, p. 837.�

[637] Reilly (1988), Chapter 16, p. 334.�

[638] ES II 62.�

[639] Eslonza, Part I, VIII, p. 17.�

[640] Cluny, Tome V, 3970, p. 327.�

[641] L�pez Ferreiro, A. (1901) Historia de la Santa Iglesia de Santiago de Compostela (Santiago), Tomo IV, Ap�ndice, V, p. 12.�

[642] Cluny, Tome V, 4072, p. 423.�

[643] Szabolcs de Vajay (1989), p. 372.�

[644] Infantado de Covarrubias, XXII, p. 53.�

[645] Eslonza, Part I, XV, p. 28.�

[646] Sahag�n (P�rez), Ap�ndice III, Escritura CLXXIII, p. 539.�

[647] Anales Toledanos I, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 386.�

[648] Anales Toledanos I, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 386.�

[649] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1143, MGH SS XXIII, p. 837.�

[650] Chronica Adefonsi imperatoris: Barton, S. and Fletcher, R. (trans. and eds.) The World of El Cid: Chronicles of the Spanish Reconquest (Manchester University Press), pp. 162-263.�

[651] Silos 28, p. 37.�

[652] Reilly (1982) Chapter 4, p. 126.�

[653] Cluny, Tome V, 4038, p. 390.�

[654] Cluny, Tome V, 4072, p. 423.�

[655] Cluny, Tome V, 4073, p. 426.�

[656] Cluny, Tome V, 4076, p. 428.�

[657] Colmenares, D. de (1846) Historia de Segovia (Segovia), Tomo I, p. 240.�

[658] Silos 57, p. 85.�

[659] Chronicon Burgense, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 309.�

[660] Chronicon Lusitanum, Espa�a Sagrada, Tomo XIV, p. 428.�

[661] Chronica Adefonsi Imperatoris I, 12, p. 168.�

[662] Ex Gestis Comitum Barcinonensium, RHGF XII, p. 376.�

[663] Els Testaments, 11, p. 92.�

[664] Roderici Toletani Archiepiscopi De Rebus Hispani�, Liber IX, VII, 7, RHGF XII, p. 383.�

[665] Anales Toledanos I, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 390.�

[666] Roderici Toletani Archiepiscopi De Rebus Hispani�, Liber IX, VII, 7, RHGF XII, p. 383.�

[667] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1141, MGH SS XXIII, p. 834.�

[668] Szabolcs de Vajay (1989), p. 372.�

[669] Colmenares (1846), Tomo I, p. 240.�

[670] Chronica Adefonsi imperatoris I, 32, p. 178.�

[671] Yepes, A. de (1609) Coronica General de la Orden de San Benito, Tomo VII, Apendix, VIII, p. 10.�

[672] P�rez, M. Cr�nica del emperador Alfonso, p. 157, cited in Torres (1999), p. 393.�

[673] Florez (1770), Tomo I, p. 306.�

[674] Valladolid Santa Mar�a, Tome I, XXXIII, p. 185.�

[675] Valladolid Santa Mar�a, Tome I, XXXIV, p. 190.�

[676] Valladolid Santa Mar�a, Tome I, XXXV, p. 194.�

[677] Rodr�guez de Diego, J. L. (2004) Colecci�n diplom�tica de Santa Mar�a de Aguilar de Campoo (852-1230) (Junta de Castilla y Le�n) (�Santa Mar�a de Aguilar de Campo�), 27, p. 128.�

[678] Roderici Toletani Archiepiscopi De Rebus Hispani�, Liber IX, VII, 7, RHGF XII, p. 383.�

[679] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1143, MGH SS XXIII, p. 837.�

[680] Szabolcs de Vajay (1989), p. 402, note 27, quoting Gonz�lez, J. (1960) El Reino de Castilla en la �poca de Alfonso VIII (Madrid), Vol. 1, p. 137, n. 2.�

[681] Szabolcs de Vajay (1989), p. 373.�

[682] Barton & Fletcher, p. 172 footnote 60.�

[683] Roderici Toletani Archiepiscopi De Rebus Hispani�, Liber IX, VII, 7, RHGF XII, p. 383.�

[684] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1143, MGH SS XXIII, p. 837.�

[685] Roderici Toletani Archiepiscopi De Rebus Hispani�, Liber IX, VII, 7, RHGF XII, p. 383.�

[686] Matthew Paris, Vol. II, 1155, p. 210.�

[687] Histori� Anglican� Scriptores X (1652), Radulphus de Diceto, Abbreviationes Chronicorum, col. 511.�

[688] Histori� Anglican� Scriptores X (1652), Radulphus de Diceto, Ymagines Historiarum, col. 532.�

[689] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.1, Abbaye de Saint-Denis, p. 328.��

[690] Roderici Toletani Archiepiscopi De Rebus Hispani�, Liber IX, VII, 7, RHGF XII, p. 383.�

[691] Anales Toledanos I, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 392.�

[692] "Cor�nicas" Navarras 7.6, p. 72.�

[693] Eslonza, Part I, X, p. 21.�

[694] Eslonza, Part I, XIII, p. 25.�

[695] Annales Compostellani, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 322.�

[696] Florez (1770), Tomo I, p. 284.�

[697] Szabolcs de Vajay (1989), p. 403, note 41, citing Arco, R. del (1954) Sepulcros de la Casa Real de Castilla (Madrid), p. 203.�

[698] "Cor�nicas" Navarras 1.11, p. 32.�

[699] Ex Gestis Comitum Barcinonensium, RHGF XII, p. 379.�

[700] Spicilegium Tome III, p. 576.�

[701] Anales Toledanos I, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 394.�

[702] Chronica Adefonsi imperatoris I, 32, p. 178.�

[703] Chronica Adefonsi imperatoris I, 91-93, pp. 201-2.�

[704] Lacarra, J. M. 'Documentos para la reconquista del valle del Ebro', Estudios de Edad Media de la Corona de Arag�n Vol. III (Zaragoza, 1947-8) V, p. 614.�

[705] Torres (1999), p. 391.�

[706] Yepes (1609), Tomo VII, Apendix, VIII, p. 10.�

[707] Lorenzana, Cardinal de (ed.) (1793) Roderici Ximenii de Rada opera complectens, PP Toletanorum quotquot extant opera, Tome III (Madrid), Historia de rebus Hispani�, Lib. VII, XXII, p. 165.�

[708] Faria i Sousa, F. & Alarcon, F. A. de (eds.) (1641) Nobiliario del Conde de Barcelos Don Pedro (Madrid) ("Pedro Barcelos"), Tit. XI, Castro, 10, pp. 89-90.�

[709] Valladolid Santa Mar�a, Tome I, XXXV, p. 194.�

[710] Sahag�n (P�rez), Ap�ndice III, Escritura CLXXIII, p. 539.�

[711] Roderici Toletani Archiepiscopi De Rebus Hispani�, Liber IX, VII, 5, RHGF XII, p. 383.�

[712] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1143, MGH SS XXIII, p. 837.�

[713] Torres (1999), p. 87.�

[714] Eslonza, Part I, X, p. 21.�

[715] Cluny, Tome V, 4076, p. 428.�

[716] Eslonza, Part I, XIII, p. 25.�

[717] Szabolcs de Vajay (1989), p. 373.�

[718] Colmenares (1846), Tomo I, p. 240.�

[719] Silos 56, p. 84.�

[720] Chronicon Burgense, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 309.�

[721] Anales Toledanos I, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 391.�

[722] Annales Compostellani, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 322.�

[723] Annales Compostellani, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 322.�

[724] Cluny, Tome V, 4190, p. 536.�

[725] Szabolcs de Vajay (1989), p. 404, note 47, quoting Gonz�lez (1960), Vol. 2, p. 138, n. 81.�

[726] Anales Toledanos I, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 390.�

[727] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1143, MGH SS XXIII, p. 837.�

[728] Szabolcs de Vajay (1989), p. 404, note 47, quoting Gonz�lez (1960), Vol. 2, p. 138, n. 81.�

[729] Anales Toledanos I, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 390.�

[730] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1143, MGH SS XXIII, p. 837.�

[731] Torres (1999), p. 88.�

[732] Cluny, Tome V, 4230, p. 580.�

[733] Annales Compostellani, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 323.�

[734] Chronicon Bernardi Iterii, p. 92.�

[735] Anales Toledanos I, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 399.�

[736] Matthew Paris, Vol. II, 1168, p. 246.�

[737] Histori� Anglican� Scriptores X (1652), Radulphus de Diceto, Abbreviationes Chronicorum, col. 513.�

[738] Robert de Torigny, Vol. II, p. 22.�

[739] Castan Lanaspa, G. �San Nicol�s del Real Camino, un Hospital de Leprosos Castellano-Leones en la Edad Media (Siglos XII-XIV)�, Publicaciones de la Instituci�n Tello T�llez de Meneses, no. 51 (1984) ("San Nicol�s del Real Camino"), 2, p. 136.�

[740] Cr�nica Latina de los reyes de Castilla, II, 17.�

[741] Annales Compostellani, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 323.�

[742] Anales Toledanos I, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 399.�

[743] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1212, MGH SS XXIII, p. 895.�

[744] Robert de Torigny, Vol. II, pp. 103-4.�

[745] San Nicol�s del Real Camino, 2, p. 136.�

[746] Annales Compostellani, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 322.�

[747] Silos 75, p. 114.�

[748] Cr�nica Latina de los reyes de Castilla, II, 11.�

[749] Chronicon de Carde�a, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 378.�

[750] Cr�nica Latina de los reyes de Castilla, II, 15.�

[751] Chronicon de Carde�a, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 373.�

[752] Obituaires de Sens Tome IV, Prieur� de Fontaines, p. 193.��

[753] Robert de Torigny, Vol. II, pp. 103-4.�

[754] Colmenares (1846), Tomo I, p. 268.�

[755] Berganza (1721) Secunda parte, Appendice CLIII, p. 466.�

[756] Berganza (1721) Secunda parte, Appendice CLVI, p. 468.�

[757] San Nicol�s del Real Camino, 2, p. 136.�

[758] Florez (1770), Tomo I, p. 409, quoting Archivo de Arlanza letra S. n. 428, and Nu�ez Alfonso VIII, p. 140.�

[759] Colmenares (1846), Tomo I, Cap. V, X, p. 66.�

[760] Rades, F. de (1572) Chronicas de las tres Ordenes y Cavaller�as de Sanctiago, Calatrava y Alcantara (Toledo), Chronica de Sanctiago, p. 17.�

[761] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1212, MGH SS XXIII, p. 895.�

[762] Roderici Toletani Archiepiscopi De Rebus Hispani�, Liber IX, VII, 5, RHGF XII, p. 382.�

[763] Sousa (1739) Provas, Tomo I, 20, p. 37.�

[764] Sousa (1739) Provas, Tomo I, 21, p. 39.�

[765] Breve Chronicon Alcobacense, Portugali� Monumenta Historica, Scriptores, Vol. I, p. 21.�

[766] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1143 and 1200, MGH SS XXIII, pp. 837 and 877.�

[767] Arlanza, CXXVI, p. 232.

[768] RHGF XXI, Chronique anonyme des rois de France, p. 83.�

[769] Matthew Paris, Vol. V, 1252, p. 354.�

[770] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.2, H�tel-Dieu de Provins, p. 964.�

[771] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.1, Abbaye de Saint-Denis, p. 332.��

[772] Anales Toledanos I, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 393.�

[773] Colmenares (1846), Tomo I, p. 275.�

[774] Silos 75, p. 114.�

[775] Szabolcs de Vajay (1989), p. 379.�

[776] Annales Compostellani, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 323.�

[777] Anales Toledanos I, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 395.�

[778] Cr�nica Latina de los reyes de Castilla, II, 20.�

[779] Szabolcs de Vajay (1989), pp. 379 and 406, note 72, quoting Arco (1954), p. 246.�

[780] Schottus, A. (ed.) (1608) Hispani� Illustrat�, Tomo IV (Frankfurt), Luc� Tudensis Chronicon Mundi, ("Lucas Tudensis"), Liber IV, p. 107.�

[781] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1212, MGH SS XXIII, p. 895.�

[782] Xim�nez de Emb�n y Val, T. (ed.) (1876) Historia de la Corona de Arag�n: Cr�nica de San Juan de la Pe�a: Part aragonesa, available at Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes <http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/FichaObra.html?Ref=12477> (3 Aug 2007), XXXV, p. 148.�

[783] Anales Toledanos I, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 394.�

[784] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1212, MGH SS XXIII, p. 895.�

[785] Annales Compostellani, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 323.�

[786] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. VII, Reyes de Portugal, 3 p. 30.�

[787] Sousa (1739) Provas, Tomo I, 10, p. 17.�

[788] Sousa (1739) Provas, Tomo I, 17, p. 31.�

[789] Szabolcs de Vajay (1989), p. 380.�

[790] Roderici Toletani Archiepiscopi De Rebus Hispani�, Liber IX, VII, 5, RHGF XII, p. 383.�

[791] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1143, MGH SS XXIII, p. 837.�

[792] Eslonza, Part I, X, p. 21.�

[793] Eslonza, Part I, XIII, p. 25.�

[794] Colmenares (1846), Tomo I, p. 240.�

[795] Annales Compostellani, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 322.�

[796] Anales Toledanos I, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 392.�

[797] Roderici Toletani Archiepiscopi De Rebus Hispani�, Liber IX, VII, 5, RHGF XII, p. 382.�

[798] Chronicon Lusitanum, Espa�a Sagrada, Tomo XIV, pp. 426 and 428.�

[799] Cr�nica Latina de los reyes de Castilla, II, 10.�

[800] Sahag�n (P�rez), Ap�ndice III, Escritura CLXXIII, p. 539.�

[801] Salazar y Castro, L. (1697) Historia genealogica de la casa de Lara (Madrid), Tomo III, Libro XVI, cap. II, p. 16, quoting Archivo de Ucl�s.�

[802] Salazar y Castro (1697), Tomo III, Libro XVI, cap. II, p. 16, quoting Lucas Tudensis, Tome 4, lib. 4.�

[803] Salazar y Castro (1697), Tomo III, Libro XVI, cap. II, p. 16.�

[804] Salazar y Castro (1697), Tomo III, Libro XVI, cap. II, p. 16, quoting Coronica General.�

[805] Salazar y Castro (1697), Tomo III, Libro XVI, cap. II, p. 15, quoting Lucas Tudensis, Tome 4, lib. 4.�

[806] Salazar y Castro (1697), Tomo III, Libro XVI, cap. II, p. 16, quoting Rodericus Toletanus, lib. 7, cap. 23.�

[807] Salazar y Castro (1697), Tomo III, Libro XVI, cap. II, p. 16, quoting Archivo de Ucl�s.�

[808] Szabolcs de Vajay (1989), p. 374.�

[809] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. VII, Pereiras, 31 p. 64, and Tit. X, Lara, 11, p. 78.�

[810] Salazar y Castro (1697), Tomo III, Libro XVI, cap. I, p. 14.�

[811] Salazar y Castro (1697), Tomo III, Libro XVI, cap. II, p. 18.�

[812] Szabolcs de Vajay (1989), p. 402, note 32, quoting Arco (1954), pp. 58 and 168.�

[813] Sobrado, Vol. II, 365, p. 351.�

[814] S�nchez de Mora, A. (2003) La nobleza castellana en la plena edad media: el linaje de Lara (ss. XI-XIII), Tesis doctoral (Sevilla), Tomo I, p. 185.�

[815] Szabolcs de Vajay (1989), p. 374.�

[816] Cast�n Lanaspa, G. & Cast�n Lanaspa, J. (1992) Documentos del monasterio de Santa Mar�a de Trianos (siglos XII-XIII) (Universidad de Salamanca) (�Trianos Santa Mar�a�), 53, p. 55.�

[817] Rodr�guez L�pez, A. (1907) El Real Monasterio de las Huelgas de Burgos y el Hospital del Rey (Burgos) ("Las Huelgas de Burgos"), Tome I, 44a, p. 389.�

[818] Chronicon Conimbricensi, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 333.�

[819] Szabolcs de Vajay (1989), p. 405, note 59, quoting Arco (1954), pp. 58 and 168.�

[820] Szabolcs de Vajay (1989), p. 402, note 32, quoting Arco (1954), pp. 58 and 168.�

[821] Szabolcs de Vajay (1989), p. 405, note 60, quoting Arco (1954), p. 58.�

[822] Szabolcs de Vajay (1989), p. 378.�

[823] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, 8 pp. 9 and 19.�

[824] Szabolcs de Vajay (1989), p. 378.�

[825] Trianos Santa Mar�a, 53, p. 55.�

[826] Annales Compostellani, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 323.�

[827] Anales Toledanos II, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, pp. 404-5.�

[828] Las Huelgas de Burgos, Tome I, 44a, p. 389.�

[829] ES II 62 and Szabolcs de Vajay (1989), p. 378.�

[830] Szabolcs de Vajay (1989), p. 378.�

[831] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, 19, p. 9.�

[832] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, 8 p. 19, and Tit. XI, Castro, 20, p. 91.�

[833] Szabolcs de Vajay (1989), p. 385.�

[834] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, 9 p. 9.�

[835] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, 9, p. 19.�

[836] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, 9, p. 19.�

[837] Salazar y Castro (1697), Tomo III, Libro XIX, cap. IX, p. 330.�

[838] Szabolcs de Vajay (1989), pp. 378 and 384.�

[839] Argote de Molina, G. (1588) Nobleza de Andaluzia (Sevilla), p. 141 (second page).�

[840] V�zquez Campos, B. �Sobre los or�genes del adelantamiento de Andaluc�a�, Historia, istituciones, documentos, 27 (Universidad de Sevilla, 2000), p. 337, quoting Men�ndez Pidal, R. (ed.) (1955) Primera Cr�nica General de Espa�a (Madrid) ("PCG"), Tome II, 747-8 [not yet consulted], available at <http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/revista?codigo=1631> (12 Jun 2011).�

[841] V�zquez Campos �Sobre los or�genes del adelantamiento de Andaluc�a�, p. 338, quoting PCG, Tome II, 764 [not yet consulted].�

[842] V�zquez Campos �Sobre los or�genes del adelantamiento de Andaluc�a�, pp. 337, 356-7, and 363, citing various documents in which he bears the title "adelantado de la Frontera".�

[843] Memorial Hist�rico Espa�ol (Madrid, 1851), Tome I, LXXXIX, pp. 195-9.�

[844] Memorial Hist�rico Espa�ol (Madrid, 1851), Tome I, CI, p. 221.�

[845] V�zquez Campos �Sobre los or�genes del adelantamiento de Andaluc�a�, p. 338, citing Gonz�lez, M. (ed.) (1991) Diplomatario andaluz de Alfonso X (Sevilla), doc. 370 [not yet consulted].�

[846] V�zquez Campos �Sobre los or�genes del adelantamiento de Andaluc�a�, p. 339, quoting Gonz�lez, M. (ed.) (1991) Diplomatario andaluz de Alfonso X (Sevilla), doc. 500 [not yet consulted].�

[847] Szabolcs de Vajay (1989), pp. 378, 385 and 393.�

[848] Argote Molina (1588), pp. 141 (first page) to 143 (first page).�

[849] V�zquez Campos �Sobre los or�genes del adelantamiento de Andaluc�a�, pp. 337-40.�

[850] Salazar y Castro (1697), Tomo III, Libro XIX, cap. IX, p. 330.�

[851] Szabolcs de Vajay (1989), p. 393.�

[852] Szabolcs de Vajay (1989), p. 393.�

[853] Szabolcs de Vajay (1989), p. 393.�

[854] Argote Molina (1588), p. 142 (first page).�

[855] Salazar y Acha (2000), p. 559.�

[856] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, 9, p. 19, and 1, p. 398.�

[857] Chronicon Conimbricensi, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 333.�

[858] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1143, MGH SS XXIII, p. 837.�

[859] Anales Toledanos II, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 412.�

[860] Roderici Toletani Archiepiscopi De Rebus Hispani�, Liber IX, VII, 5, RHGF XII, p. 383.�

[861] Sousa (1739) Provas, Tomo I, 10, p. 17.�

[862] Szabolcs de Vajay (1989), p. 376.�

[863] Chronicon de Carde�a, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 378.�

[864] Cr�nica Latina de los reyes de Castilla, II, 15.�

[865] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1212, MGH SS XXIII, p. 895.�

[866] Chronicon de Carde�a, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 373.�

[867] Obituaires de Sens Tome IV, Prieur� de Fontaines, p. 193.��

[868] Szabolcs de Vajay (1989), p. 377.�

[869] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, 14 p. 10.�

[870] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, 12 p. 9, and 11, p. 327.�

[871] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. XIX, Del Conde D. Ramiro de Campos, 3, p. 109, and 11 p. 327.�

[872] Szabolcs de Vajay (1989), pp. 383 and 408 note 105, citing Gonz�lez, J. (1983) Reinado y diplomas de Fernando III (C�rdoba), Vol. I, p. 94.�

[873] Florez (1770), Tomo I, p. 392, no citation reference.�

[874] Szabolcs de Vajay (1989), p. 377.�

[875] Who had been mistress of Sancho I King of Portugal.

[876] Os Livro de Linhagens, I, Livro Velho, Portugali� Monumenta Historica, Scriptores, Vol. I, Fasc. II, p. 167.�

[877] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. XXV, Soverosas, 4 p. 147, and Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, 12 p. 9.�

[878] Sousa (1739) Provas, Tomo I, 10, p. 17.�

[879] Roderici Toletani Archiepiscopi De Rebus Hispani�, Liber IX, VII, 5, RHGF XII, p. 383.�

[880] Szabolcs de Vajay (1989), p. 380.�

[881] Sousa (1739) Provas, Tomo I, 10, p. 17.�

[882] Roderici Toletani Archiepiscopi De Rebus Hispani�, Liber IX, VII, 5, RHGF XII, p. 383.�

[883] Anales Toledanos I, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 399.�

[884] Szabolcs de Vajay (1989), pp. 379 and 406, note 72, quoting Arco (1954), p. 246.�

[885] Sousa (1739) Provas, Tomo I, 10, p. 17.�

[886] Roderici Toletani Archiepiscopi De Rebus Hispani�, Liber IX, VII, 5, RHGF XII, p. 383.�

[887] Lucas Tudensis, Liber IV, p. 109.�

[888] Lucas Tudensis, Liber IV, p. 109.�

[889] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1212, MGH SS XXIII, p. 895.�

[890] Chronicon de Carde�a, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 380.�

[891] Lucas Tudensis, Liber IV, p. 109.�

[892] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1212 and 1224, MGH SS XXIII, pp. 895 and 913.�

[893] Guizot, M. (ed.) (1825) Chronique de Guillaume de Nangis (Paris), p. 132.�

[894] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.2, Abbaye de Maubuisson, p. 655.�

[895] Nouvelles Preuves I, p. 41.�

[896] Rades y Andrada, F. (1572) Chronica de las tres Ordenes y Cavaller�as de Sanctiago, Calatrava y Alcantara (Toledo), p. 27 (second page).�

[897] Szabolcs de Vajay (1989), p. 385.�

[898] Rades (1572), p. 27 (second page).�

[899] Rades (1572), p. 27 (second page).�

[900] Rades (1572), p. 27 (second page).�

[901] Szabolcs de Vajay (1989), pp. 385 and 409 note 118, citing Arco (1954), p. 212, and note 119, citing Men�ndez Pidal de Navascues, F. (1982) Her�ldica medieval espa�ola (Madrid), Vol. I, pp. 106-7, and Fern�ndez de B�thencourt, F. (1897-1920) Historia geneal�gica y her�ldica de la monarqu�a espa�ola (Madrid), Vol. IV, p. 418.�

[902] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, 14 p. 10, and Tit. IX, Biscaya, 12 p. 71.�

[903] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, 13 p. 9.�

[904] Szabolcs de Vajay (1989), p. 383.�

[905] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, 13 p. 18, and Tit. XII, Cabrera, 6 p. 94.�

[906] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, 13 p. 18, and Tit. XI, Castro, 13 p. 88.�

[907] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, 13 p. 18.�

[908] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, 13 p. 9, and Tit. XXI, Pon�os, 4, p. 131.�

[909] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, 13 p. 9, and 24 p. 80.�

[910] Szabolcs de Vajay (1989), pp. 383 and 408 note 105, citing Gonz�lez (1983), Vol. I, p. 94.�

[911] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, 14 pp. 10 and 18.�

[912] Florez (1770), Tomo I, p. 392, no citation reference.�

[913] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, 14 p. 18.�

[914] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, 14 p. 18.�

[915] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, 14 p. 18, and Tit. XI, Castro, 12 p. 88.�

[916] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, 14 p. 18, and Tit. X, Lara, 23, p. 79, 1 p. 85.�

[917] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, 14 p. 18.�

[918] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, 14 p. 18.�

[919] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, 12 p. 9, 4 p. 97.�

[920] Salazar y Castro (Lara), Pruebas, p. 39.�

[921] Szabolcs de Vajay (1989), p. 384.�

[922] Os Livro de Linhagens, I, Livro Velho, Portugali� Monumenta Historica, Scriptores, Vol. I, Fasc. II, p. 167.�

[923] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, 12 p. 9, 15 p. 10, 30 p. 85, 1 p. 148.�

[924] Os Livro de Linhagens, I, Livro Velho, Portugali� Monumenta Historica, Scriptores, Vol. I, Fasc. II, p. 167.�

[925] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, 12, p. 9.�

[926] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, 12, p. 17, and Tit. XXII, Sousas, 18 p. 135.�

[927] RAH, Colecci�n Salazar y Castro, M-8, fo 63 y 63 v (no. 47078).�

[928] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, 12 p. 9, and Tit. XVII, Guzmanes, 10 p. 105.�

[929] Chronicon de Carde�a, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 380.�

[930] Tulle Saint-Martin n^o. 607, p. 346.�

[931] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, 11, p. 16, and Tit. X, Lara, 14 p. 78.�

[932] S�nchez de Moro (2003), Tomo II, p. 526, citing Gonz�lez, J. Fernando III, Tome I, p. 88.�

[933] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. X, Lara, 18, p. 80.�

[934] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, 11, p. 16, and Tit. XXI, Tellez i Meneses, 5, p. 125.�

[935] Os Livro de Linhagens, I, Livro Velho, Portugali� Monumenta Historica, Scriptores, Vol. I, Fasc. II, p. 156.�

[936] Os Livro de Linhagens, I, Livro Velho, Portugali� Monumenta Historica, Scriptores, Vol. I, Fasc. II, p. 165.�

[937] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, 23, p. 15, and Tit. XXXVIII, Bragan�a, 5 p. 205.�

[938] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, 23, p. 15, and 11 p. 17.�

[939] Salazar y Castro (Lara), Pruebas, p. 32.�

[940] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, 32, p. 17, and Tit. IX, Biscaya, 17 p. 72.�

[941] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, 32, p. 17.�

[942] La Espina 17, p. 209.�

[943] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, 32, p. 17, and Tit. XXIV, Asturias, 3 p. 143.�

[944] Os Livro de Linhagens, I, Livro Velho, Portugali� Monumenta Historica, Scriptores, Vol. I, Fasc. II, p. 157.�

[945] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, 33, p. 17.�

[946] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, 33, p. 17, Tit. VII, Reyes de Portugal, 9 p. 38, and Tit. IX, Biscaya, 19 p. 73.�

[947] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, 33, p. 17, and Tit. VII, Reyes de Portugal, 13 p. 36.�

[948] L�pez de Ayala, P. (1779) Cr�nicas de los reyes de Castilla (Madrid), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Pedro, A�o Secundo, Cap. XIII, p. 50.�

[949] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, 32, p. 17.�

[950] Chronicon de Carde�a, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 380.�

[951] Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis, Espa�a Sagrada Tomo II, p. 209.�

[952] Szabolcs de Vajay (1989), p. 392.�

[953] Salazar y Castro (Lara), Pruebas, p. 32.�

[954] Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis, Espa�a Sagrada Tomo II, pp. 213 and 215.�

[955] Rosell, C. (ed.) (1875) Cr�nicas de los Reyes de Castilla, Tome I (Madrid), Cr�nica del rey don Alfonso XI, Cap. XXVII, p. 192.�

[956] Szabolcs de Vajay (1989), pp. 390 and 414 note 166, citing Mansilla Reoyo, D. (1945) Iglesia castellano-leonesa y Curia romana en los tiempos del rey San Fernando (Madrid), no. 380, p. 319.�

[957] Salazar y Castro (1697), Tomo III, Libro XVII, cap. IV, p. 109.�

[958] Szabolcs de Vajay (1989), p. 414 footnote 168.�

[959] RAH, Colecci�n Salazar y Castro, M-8, fo 65 v y 66 (no. 47083).�

[960] Szabolcs de Vajay (1989), p. 391.�

[961] Rosell (1875) Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Alfonso X, Cap. X, p. 9.�

[962] Szabolcs de Vajay (1989), p. 415 footnote 169.�

[963] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, 23, p. 15, and 11 p. 17.�

[964] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, 23, p. 15, and 11 p. 17.�

[965] Os Livro de Linhagens, I, Livro Velho, Portugali� Monumenta Historica, Scriptores, Vol. I, Fasc. II, p. 165.�

[966] Szabolcs de Vajay (1989), p. 392.�

[967] Bayley, C. C. (1949) The Formation of the German College of Electors in the mid-Thirteenth Century (Toronto), p. 70.�

[968] Szabolcs de Vajay (1989), p. 381.�

[969] Szabolcs de Vajay (1989), p. 381.�

[970] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, 10 p. 10.�

[971] Annales Marbacenses 1201, MGH SS XVII, p. 170.�

[972] Chronicon de Carde�a, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 379.�

[973] Cr�nica Latina de los reyes de Castilla, III, 30.�

[974] Ma�ueco Villalobos, M. & Zurita Nieto, J. (1920) Documentos de la Iglesia Colegial de Santa Mar�a la Mayor de Valladolid (Valladolid) ("Valladolid Santa Mar�a"), Tome II, XX, p. 105.�

[975] Lucas Tudensis, Liber IV, p. 115.�

[976] Roderici Toletani Archiepiscopi De Rebus Hispani�, Liber IX, VII, 7, RHGF XII, p. 383.�

[977] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1239, MGH SS XXIII, p. 947.�

[978] Prarond, E. (ed.) (1897) Le cartulaire du comt� de Ponthieu, M�moires de la soci�t� d'�mulation d'Abbeville, Tome II (Abbeville) ("Ponthieu") CXXII, p. 169.�

[979] Ponthieu CXXV, p. 172.�

[980] Szabolcs de Vajay (1989), p. 381.�

[981] Lhomel, G. de (ed.) (1904) Le cartulaire de la ville de Montreuil-sur-Mer (Abbeville), IV, p. 4.�

[982] Florentii Wigornensis Monachi Chronicon, Continuatio, p. 221.�

[983] Anales Toledanos II, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 405.�

[984] Lucas Tudensis, Liber IV, p. 112.�

[985] Valladolid Santa Mar�a, Tome II, XX, p. 105.�

[986] Valladolid Santa Mar�a, Tome II, XXVII, p. 145.�

[987] Szabolcs de Vajay (1989), p. 386.�

[988] Szabolcs de Vajay (1989), p. 387.�

[989] Anales Toledanos II, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 419.�

[990] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, 16, p. 16.�

[991] ES II 180.�

[992] Szabolcs de Vajay (1989), p. 387.�

[993] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, 16, p. 16.�

[994] Os Livro de Linhagens, I, Livro Velho, Portugali� Monumenta Historica, Scriptores, Vol. I, Fasc. II, p. 156.�

[995] Zurita, J. (1669) Anales de la Corona de Aragon (Zaragoza), Tome I, Lib. IV, III, p. 230.�

[996] Szabolcs de Vajay (1989), p. 393.�

[997] Szabolcs de Vajay (1989), p. 393.�

[998] Szabolcs de Vajay (1989), p. 393.�

[999] Szabolcs de Vajay (1989), p. 416 footnote 189, quoting Ballesteros Beretta, A. (1963) Alfonso X el Sabio (Barcelona, Madrid), p. 547.�

[1000] Lucas Tudensis, Liber IV, p. 112.�

[1001] Valladolid Santa Mar�a, Tome II, XX, p. 105.�

[1002] Valladolid Santa Mar�a, Tome II, XXVII, p. 145.�

[1003] Szabolcs de Vajay (1989), p. 387.�

[1004] Masnata y de Quesada, D. E. 'La Casa Real de la Cerda: Precisiones, rectificaciones y amplificaciones', Estudios geneal�gicos y her�ldicos 1 (Madrid, 1985), p. 218.�

[1005] Lucas Tudensis, Liber IV, p. 112.�

[1006] Lucas Tudensis, Liber IV, p. 112.�

[1007] Lucas Tudensis, Liber IV, p. 112.�

[1008] Valladolid Santa Mar�a, Tome II, XXVII, p. 145.�

[1009] Alberti Miliolo Notarii Regini Liber de Temporibus, De Gestis comitisse Matildis suorumque antecessorum CCLXXVII, MGH SS XXXI, p. 534.�

[1010] Szabolcs de Vajay (1989), p. 387.�

[1011] Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis, Espa�a Sagrada Tomo II, p. 211.�

[1012] Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis, Espa�a Sagrada Tomo II, p. 211.�

[1013] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, 17, p. 16, Cerdas, 2, p. 20, and Tit. X, Lara, 25, p. 82.�

[1014] Rosell (1875), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Fernando IV, Cap. VI, p. 116.�

[1015] L�pez de Ayala (1779), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Pedro, A�o Secundo, Cap. X, p. 47.�

[1016] Szabolcs de Vajay (1989), pp. 394 and 416 note 191, citing Gonz�lez (1983), Vol. I, no. 238, p. 110.�

[1017] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, 18, p. 16.�

[1018] Herrera, F. T. de (1652) Historia del convento de S. Augustin de Salamanca (Madrid), p. 18.�

[1019] L�pez de Ayala (1779), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Pedro, A�o Primo, Cap. III, p. 14.�

[1020] L�pez de Ayala (1779), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Pedro, A�o Quinto, Caps. X, XII, p. 127-30.�

[1021] Szabolcs de Vajay (1989), p. 397.�

[1022] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, 18, p. 16, and Tit. XXI, Pon�os, 6, p. 131.�

[1023] L�pez de Ayala (1779), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Pedro, A�o Quinto, Cap. X, p. 128.�

[1024] Os Livro de Linhagens, I, Livro Velho, Portugali� Monumenta Historica, Scriptores, Vol. I, Fasc. II, p. 152.�

[1025] L�pez de Ayala (1779), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Pedro, A�o Quinto, Caps. X, XII, p. 127-30.�

[1026] Herrera, F. T. de (1652) Historia del convento de S. Augustin de Salamanca (Madrid), p. 18.�

[1027] Herrera, F. T. de (1652) Historia del convento de S. Augustin de Salamanca (Madrid), p. 18.�

[1028] L�pez de Ayala (1779), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Pedro, A�o Primo, Cap. III, p. 14.�

[1029] Lucas Tudensis, Liber IV, p. 112.�

[1030] Valladolid Santa Mar�a, Tome II, XLII, p. 240.�

[1031] Valladolid Santa Mar�a, Tome II, XLII, p. 240.�

[1032] Valladolid Santa Mar�a, Tome II, XLVI, p. 258.�

[1033] Szabolcs de Vajay (1989), p. 388.�

[1034] RAH, Colecci�n Salazar y Castro, M-6, fo 161 v y 162 (no. 46510).�

[1035] �slenzkir Ann�lar sive Annales Islandici (Copenhagen, 1847) ("Annales Islandici"), 1257, p. 127.�

[1036] Chronicon de Carde�a, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 373.�

[1037] Annales Islandici, 1262, p. 133.�

[1038] RAH, Colecci�n Salazar y Castro, M-6, fo 161 v y 162 (no. 46510).�

[1039] RAH, Colecci�n Salazar y Castro, M-6, fo 181 y 181 v (no. 46579).�

[1040] Szabolcs de Vajay (1989), p. 394.�

[1041] Szabolcs de Vajay (1989), pp. 394 and 416 note 194, citing Gonz�lez (1983), Vol. I, no. 252, p. 112.�

[1042] Szabolcs de Vajay (1989), pp. 394 and 416 note 195, citing Archivo Hist�rico Nacional, Catedral de �vila, cap. 21, no. 13.�

[1043] Szabolcs de Vajay (1989), pp. 394 and 416 note 196, citing Arco (1954), p. 215.�

[1044] Szabolcs de Vajay (1989), pp. 389 and 412 note 148, citing Arco (1954), pp. 223-4.�

[1045] Lucas Tudensis, Liber IV, p. 112.�

[1046] Lucas Tudensis, Liber IV, p. 112.�

[1047] Anales Toledanos II, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 419.�

[1048] Lucas Tudensis, Liber IV, p. 112.�

[1049] Lucas Tudensis, Liber IV, p. 115.�

[1050] Ponthieu CLX, p. 217.�

[1051] Annales Londonienses, p. 47.�

[1052] Matthew Paris, Vol. V, 1253, pp. 396-7, and 1255, p. 511, a betrothal ceremony.�

[1053] Florentii Wigornensis Monachi Chronicon, Continuatio, p. 244.�

[1054] Salazar y Castro (1697), Tomo III, Libro XX, cap. XX, p. 472.�

[1055] RAH, Colecci�n Salazar y Castro, M-5, fo 284 (no. 46177).�

[1056] RAH, Colecci�n Salazar y Castro, M-5, fo 284 (no. 46178).�

[1057] Las Huelgas de Burgos, Tome I, 133, p. 524.�

[1058] Szabolcs de Vajay (1989), p. 397 and 417 note 206, citing Men�ndez Pidal (1982), Vol. I, pp. 105-6.�

[1059] Szabolcs de Vajay (1989), pp. 390 and 417 note 207, citing Gonz�lez (1983), Vol. I, p. 117, footnote 284.�

[1060] Szabolcs de Vajay (1989), pp. 390 and 414 note 165, citing Gonz�lez (1983), Vol. I, p. 117, footnote 285.�

[1061] Szabolcs de Vajay (1989), pp. 390 and 414 note 165, citing Gonz�lez (1983), Vol. I, p. 117, footnote 286.�

[1062] Lucas Tudensis, Liber IV, p. 112.�

[1063] Anales Toledanos II, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 405.�

[1064] Chronicon de Carde�a, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 379.�

[1065] Valladolid Santa Mar�a, Tome II, XX, p. 105.�

[1066] Valladolid Santa Mar�a, Tome II, XXVII, p. 145.�

[1067] Matthew Paris, Vol. V, 1252, p. 365.�

[1068] Bayley (1949), p. 71.�

[1069] Bayley (1949), p. 75.�

[1070] Poull (1991), p. 74.�

[1071] Bayley (1949), p. 199.�

[1072] Salazar y Castro (Lara), Pruebas, p. 40.�

[1073] Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis, Espa�a Sagrada Tomo II, p. 209.�

[1074] Anales Toledanos II, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 417.�

[1075] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, 15 p. 10.�

[1076] Szabolcs de Vajay (1989), p. 386.�

[1077] Cr�nica de San Juan de la Pe�a XXXV, p. 149.�

[1078] Memorial Hist�rico Espa�ol, Tomo I (Madrid, 1851), Documentos de la �poca de D. Alfonso el Sabio (�Alfonso el Sabio (1851), Tomo I�), I, p. 1.�

[1079] Berger, E. (1897) Les registres d�Innocent IV (Paris), Tome II, 4302, p. 36.�

[1080] Valladolid Santa Mar�a, Tome II, L, p. 286.�

[1081] Spicilegium Tome III, p. 673.�

[1082] Salazar y Castro (Lara), Pruebas, p. 40.�

[1083] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, 15 p. 10.�

[1084] Os Livro de Linhagens, I, Livro Velho, Portugali� Monumenta Historica, Scriptores, Vol. I, Fasc. II, p. 167.�

[1085] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, 15 p. 10 and p. 15.�

[1086] Cr�nica del rey don Alfonso X, Cap. III, p. 5.�

[1087] Cr�nica del rey don Alfonso X, Cap. III, p. 5.�

[1088] Valladolid Santa Mar�a, Tome II, L, p. 286.�

[1089] Matthew Paris, Vol. V, 1255, pp. 509-10.�

[1090] Gonz�lez D�vila, G. (1623) Teatro de las grandezas de la villa de Madrid (Madrid), p. 278.�

[1091] Georgii Pachymeris, Andronicus Pal�ologus, Liber I, 33, p. 87.�

[1092] Georgius Phrantzes Liber I, 4, p. 27.�

[1093] Valladolid Santa Mar�a, Tome II, L, p. 286.�

[1094] Bayley (1949), p. 75.�

[1095] Moriondus, J. B. (1790) Monumenta Aquensia (Turin), Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 171.�

[1096] Chronicon Astense, XIV, RIS, XI, col. 166.�

[1097] Anales Toledanos II, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 418.�

[1098] Chronicon de Carde�a, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 379.�

[1099] Salazar y Castro (Lara), Pruebas, p. 40.�

[1100] Anales Toledanos II, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 417.�

[1101] Gonz�lez de Avila, G. (1606) Historia de las antiguedades de la ciudad de Salamanca (Salamanca), p. 255.�

[1102] Gonz�lez de Avila (1606), p. 264.�

[1103] Salazar y Castro (Lara), Pruebas, p. 40.�

[1104] Cr�nica del rey don Alfonso X, Cap. III, p. 5.�

[1105] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IX, Biscaya, 18 p. 73.�

[1106] RAH, Colecci�n Salazar y Castro, M-22, fo 236 v y 237 (no. 49770).�

[1107] Salazar y Castro (Lara), Pruebas, p. 40.�

[1108] Anales Toledanos II, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 417.�

[1109] Anales Toledanos II, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 419.�

[1110] Cr�nica del rey don Alfonso X, Cap. III, p. 5.�

[1111] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, 15 p. 10.�

[1112] Szabolcs de Vajay (1989), p. 386.�

[1113] ES III 530B.�

[1114] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, 15 p. 10, and p. 15.�

[1115] Valladolid Santa Mar�a, Tome II, L, p. 286.�

[1116] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, 23, p. 15, and 11 p. 17.�

[1117] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, 23, p. 16.�

[1118] Rosell (1875), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Sancho, Cap. VII, p. 84.�

[1119] Rosell (1875), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Sancho, Cap. IX, p. 87.�

[1120] Cr�nica del rey don Alfonso X, Cap. III, p. 5.�

[1121] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. III, Reyes de Castilla, 15 p. 10, and Tit. VII, Reyes de Portugal, 7 p. 32.�

[1122] Breve Chronicon Alcobacense, Portugali� Monumenta Historica, Scriptores, Vol. I, p. 21.�

[1123] ES III 530B.�

[1124] Szabolcs de Vajay (1989), p. 386.�

[1125] Salazar y Castro (1697), Tomo III, Libro XX, cap. VIII, p. 433.�

[1126] Salazar y Castro (1697), Tomo III, Libro XVIII, cap. III, p. 264.�

[1127] Chronicon de Carde�a, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 379.�

[1128] Valladolid Santa Mar�a, Tome II, LV, p. 325.�

[1129] Salazar y Castro (Lara), Pruebas, p. 40.�

[1130] Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis, Espa�a Sagrada Tomo II, p. 210.�

[1131] Chronicon Conimbricensi, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 339.�

[1132] Spicilegium Tome III, p. 382 and p. 673.�

[1133] Chronicon de Carde�a, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 380.�

[1134] Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis, Espa�a Sagrada Tomo II, p. 209.�

[1135] Szabolcs de Vajay (1989), p. 392.�

[1136] Salazar y Castro (Lara), Pruebas, p. 32.�

[1137] Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis, Espa�a Sagrada Tomo II, pp. 213 and 215.�

[1138] Rosell (1875), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Alfonso XI, Cap. XXVII, p. 192.�

[1139] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, 26 p. 11, and Tit. XXI, Tellez i Meneses, 8, p. 127.�

[1140] RAH, Colecci�n Salazar y Castro, M-8, fo 43 v (no. 47039).�

[1141] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, 26, p. 11, and p. 15.�

[1142] Os Livro de Linhagens, I, Livro Velho, Portugali� Monumenta Historica, Scriptores, Vol. I, Fasc. II, p. 156.�

[1143] Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis, Espa�a Sagrada Tomo II, p. 210.�

[1144] Cr�nica de San Juan de la Pe�a XXXVIII, p. 210.�

[1145] Morice, H. (1742) M�moires pour servir de preuves � l�histoire ecclesiastique et civile de Bretagne, Tome I (Paris), col. 1230.�

[1146] Morice (1742) Preuves, Tome I, col. 1245.�

[1147] Salazar y Castro (Lara), Pruebas, p. 32.�

[1148] Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis, Espa�a Sagrada Tomo II, p. 209.�

[1149] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, 21, p. 11.�

[1150] Rosell (1875), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Sancho, Cap. VIII, p. 85.�

[1151] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, 21, p. 11.�

[1152] Os Livro de Linhagens, I, Livro Velho, Portugali� Monumenta Historica, Scriptores, Vol. I, Fasc. II, p. 156.�

[1153] Rosell (1875), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Fernando IV, Cap. I, p. 93.�

[1154] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, 21, p. 11.�

[1155] Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis, Espa�a Sagrada Tomo II, p. 212.�

[1156] Os Livro de Linhagens, I, Livro Velho, Portugali� Monumenta Historica, Scriptores, Vol. I, Fasc. II, p. 157.�

[1157] Cr�nica de San Juan de la Pe�a XXXVIII, p. 231.�

[1158] Las Huelgas de Burgos, Tome I, 141, p. 539.�

[1159] Os Livro de Linhagens, I, Livro Velho, Portugali� Monumenta Historica, Scriptores, Vol. I, Fasc. II, p. 157.�

[1160] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, 21, p. 11.�

[1161] Salazar y Castro (Lara), Pruebas, p. 32.�

[1162] Rymer, T. (1745) F�dera, Conventiones, Liter� 3rd Edn (London), Tome II, Pars II, p. 95.�

[1163] Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis, Espa�a Sagrada Tomo II, p. 214.�

[1164] RAH, Colecci�n Salazar y Castro, M-20, fo 17 a 19 v (no. 49069).�

[1165] Os Livro de Linhagens, I, Livro Velho, Portugali� Monumenta Historica, Scriptores, Vol. I, Fasc. II, p. 156.�

[1166] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. VII, Reyes de Portugal, 12 p. 34.�

[1167] Sousa (1739) Provas, Tomo I, 25, p. 226.�

[1168] Sousa (1739) Provas, Tomo I, 26, p. 228.�

[1169] Chronicon Conimbricensi, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 345.�

[1170] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. XI, Castro, 14 p. 88.�

[1171] RAH, Colecci�n Salazar y Castro, M-8, fo 69 y 69 v (no. 47088).�

[1172] RAH, Colecci�n Salazar y Castro, M-8, fo 43 v (no. 47039).�

[1173] RAH, Colecci�n Salazar y Castro, M-8, fo 43 v (no. 47039).�

[1174] RAH, Colecci�n Salazar y Castro, M-8, fo 56 (no. 47060).�

[1175] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, 26, p. 11.�

[1176] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, 26, p. 15, Tit. IX, Biscaya, 16 p. 74, Tit. X, Otro Mendo�a, 2 p. 86, and Tit. XIV, Casta�eda, 8 p. 101.�

[1177] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, 26, p. 11, Tit. XVIII, Villalobos, 9, p. 108, and Tit. XXI, Tellez i Meneses, 10, p. 126.�

[1178] Salazar y Castro (1697), Tomo III, Libro XX, cap. IX, p. 437.�

[1179] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, 21, p. 11.�

[1180] Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis, Espa�a Sagrada Tomo II, p. 209.�

[1181] Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis, Espa�a Sagrada Tomo II, p. 210.�

[1182] Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis, Espa�a Sagrada Tomo II, p. 211.�

[1183] Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis, Espa�a Sagrada Tomo II, p. 211.�

[1184] Tulle Saint-Martin n^o. 608, p. 349.�

[1185] Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis, Espa�a Sagrada Tomo II, p. 212.�

[1186] Rosell (1875), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Fernando IV, Cap. XX, p. 169.�

[1187] L�pez de Ayala (1779), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Pedro, A�o Primo, Cap. II, p. 11.�

[1188] Anselme, P�re & Du Fourny (1725) Histoire g�n�alogique et chronologique de la maison royale de France, des pairs, grands officiers de la Couronne, de la maison du roy et des anciens du Royaume, 3rd edn. (Paris) ("P�re Anselme"), Tome I, p. 91.�

[1189] P�re Anselme, Tome I, p. 91.�

[1190] Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis, Espa�a Sagrada Tomo II, pp. 210-1.�

[1191] Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis, Espa�a Sagrada Tomo II, p. 212.�

[1192] Cr�nica de San Juan de la Pe�a XXXVIII, pp. 226 and 230.�

[1193] Rymer (1745), Tome II, Pars II, p. 125.�

[1194] Cr�nica de San Juan de la Pe�a XXXIX, p. 243.�

[1195] Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis, Espa�a Sagrada Tomo II, p. 216.�

[1196] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. V, Reyes de Aragon, 11 p. 25.�

[1197] Gonz�lez D�vila (1623), p. 278.�

[1198] Florez (1770), Tomo I, p. 595.�

[1199] Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis, Espa�a Sagrada Tomo II, p. 212.�

[1200] Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis, Espa�a Sagrada Tomo II, p. 212.�

[1201] Rosell (1875), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Fernando IV, Cap. XIX, p. 168.�

[1202] Tulle Saint-Martin n^o. 609, p. 351.�

[1203] Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis, Espa�a Sagrada Tomo II, p. 214.�

[1204] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, 27 p. 12.�

[1205] L�pez de Ayala (1779), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Pedro, A�o Primo, Caps. I, II, and V, pp. 9, 10, and 17.�

[1206] Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis, Espa�a Sagrada Tomo II, p. 214.�

[1207] Os Livro de Linhagens, I, Livro Velho, Portugali� Monumenta Historica, Scriptores, Vol. I, Fasc. II, p. 157.�

[1208] Sousa (1739) Provas, Tomo I, 27, p. 238.�

[1209] Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis, Espa�a Sagrada Tomo II, pp. 215-6.�

[1210] Sousa (1739) Provas, Tomo I, 28, p. 255.�

[1211] Sousa (1739) Provas, Tomo I, 25, p. 226.�

[1212] Chronicon Conimbricensi, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 345.�

[1213] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, 27 p. 12, Tit. XVII, Guzmanes, 14 p. 106.�

[1214] L�pez de Ayala (1779), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Pedro, A�o Primo, Cap. III, p. 13.�

[1215] L�pez de Ayala (1779), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Pedro, A�o Primo, Caps. III, X, pp. 15 and 22.�

[1216] L�pez de Ayala (1779), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Pedro, A�o Primo, p. 22 footnote 1.�

[1217] Rosell (1875), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Alfonso XI, Cap. CV, p. 239.�

[1218] Rosell (1875), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Alfonso XI, Cap. CXXV, p. 257.�

[1219] Rosell (1875), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Alfonso XI, Cap. CXXXVII, p. 264.�

[1220] L�pez de Ayala (1779), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Pedro, A�o Primo, Cap. II, p. 11.�

[1221] L�pez de Ayala (1779), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Pedro, A�o Veinte, Cap. VIII, p. 556.�

[1222] Rymer (1740), Tome II, Pars IV, p. 170.�

[1223] Rymer (1740), Tome II, Pars IV, p. 186.�

[1224] Rymer (1740), Tome II, Pars IV, p. 194.�

[1225] Rymer (1740), Tome III, Pars I, p. 25.�

[1226] Rymer (1740), Tome III, Pars I, p. 39.�

[1227] L�pez de Ayala (1779), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Pedro, A�o Secundo, Cap. XV, p. 53, A�o Cuarto, Caps. III, V, XI, pp. 83, 87 and 94.�

[1228] L�pez de Ayala (1779), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Pedro, A�o Quinto, Cap. XIX, p. 137, A�o Sexto, Cap. IX, p. 188.�

[1229] L�pez de Ayala (1779), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Pedro, A�o Quinto, Caps. X, XII, p. 127-30.�

[1230] L�pez de Ayala (1779), Tome I, p. 129 footnote (continuation from p. 128).�

[1231] L�pez de Ayala (1779), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Pedro, A�o Doceno, Cap. III, p. 328.�

[1232] L�pez de Ayala (1779), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Pedro, A�o Tercero, Cap. V, p. 76.�

[1233] L�pez de Ayala (1779), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Pedro, A�o Doceno, Cap. VI, p. 332.�

[1234] L�pez de Ayala (1779), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Pedro, A�o Treceno, Cap. VII, p. 349.�

[1235] L�pez de Ayala (1779), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Pedro, A�o Treceno, Cap. VII, p. 351.�

[1236] L�pez de Ayala (1779), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Pedro, A�o Quinto, Caps. X, XII, p. 127-30.�

[1237] L�pez de Ayala (1779), Tome I, p. 129 footnote (continuation from p. 128).�

[1238] L�pez de Ayala (1779), Tome I, p. 558.�

[1239] Florez (1770), Tomo II, p. 662.�

[1240] L�pez de Ayala (1779), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Pedro, A�o Onceno, Cap. XVIII, p. 316.�

[1241] Florez (1770), Tomo II, p. 664.�

[1242] Florez (1770), Tomo II, p. 665.�

[1243] L�pez de Ayala (1779), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Pedro, A�o Octavo, Cap. II, p. 224.�

[1244] L�pez de Ayala (1779), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Pedro, A�o Noveno, Cap. I, p. 234.�

[1245] L�pez de Ayala (1779), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Pedro, A�o Catorceno, Cap. VI, p. 373.�

[1246] L�pez de Ayala (1779), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Pedro, A�o Cuarto, Cap. II, p. 83.�

[1247] L�pez de Ayala (1779), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Pedro, A�o Catorceno, Cap. III, p. 366.�

[1248] L�pez de Ayala (1779), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Pedro, A�o Quinceno, Cap. I, p. 381.�

[1249] L�pez de Ayala (1779), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Pedro, A�o Diez y Siete, Cap. IX, p. 412.�

[1250] L�pez de Ayala (1779), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Pedro, A�o Quinto, Cap. XIII, p. 130.�

[1251] L�pez de Ayala (1779), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Pedro, A�o Catorceno, Cap. III, p. 366.�

[1252] Armitage-Smith, S. (1904) John of Gaunt (Westminster), Appendix (v), p. 464, quoting Percy MS. 78 (Alnwick Castle).�

[1253] L�pez de Ayala (1779), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Pedro, A�o Sexto, Cap. XIV, p. 194.�

[1254] L�pez de Ayala (1779), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Pedro, A�o Catorceno, Cap. III, p. 366.�

[1255] Armitage-Smith (1904), Appendix (v), p. 465, quoting Percy MS. 78 (Alnwick Castle).�

[1256] Nicolas, N. H. (1826) Testamenta Vetusta, Vol. I (London), p. 134.�

[1257] L�pez de Ayala (1779), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Pedro, A�o Decimo, Cap. XXI, p. 289.�

[1258] L�pez de Ayala (1779), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Pedro, A�o Treceno, Cap. VII, p. 350.�

[1259] L�pez de Ayala (1779), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Pedro, A�o Treceno, Cap. XIV, p. 363.�

[1260] L�pez de Ayala (1779), Tome I, p. 558.�

[1261] L�pez de Ayala (1779), Tome I, p. 571.�

[1262] ES III 539-540.�

[1263] ES III 541.�

[1264] ES III 542.�

[1265] L�pez de Ayala (1779), Tome I, p. 571.�

[1266] L�pez de Ayala (1779), Tome I, p. 571.�

[1267] Gonz�lez D�vila (1623), p. 279.�

[1268] Florez (1770), Tomo II, p. 662.�

[1269] Florez (1770), Tomo II, p. 664.�

[1270] Florez (1770), Tomo II, p. 665.�

[1271] L�pez de Ayala (1779), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Pedro, A�o Catorceno, Cap. VI, p. 373.�

[1272] L�pez de Ayala (1779), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Pedro, A�o Veinte, Cap. VII, p. 550.�

[1273] ES III 543.�

[1274] Rosell (1875), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Alfonso XI, Cap. XCV, p. 230.�

[1275] L�pez de Ayala (1779), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Pedro, A�o Primo, Cap. III, p. 13.�

[1276] Herrera (1652), p. 84.�

[1277] Rosell (1875), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Alfonso XI, Cap. CV, p. 239.�

[1278] L�pez de Ayala (1779), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Pedro, A�o Primo, Cap. III, p. 13.�

[1279] Herrera (1652), p. 84.�

[1280] Rosell (1875), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Alfonso XI, Cap. CLXXXVI, p. 292.�

[1281] Rosell (1875), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Alfonso XI, Cap. CXXVIII, p. 259.�

[1282] Herrera (1652), p. 18.�

[1283] L�pez de Ayala (1779), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Pedro, A�o Primo, Cap. III, p. 13.�

[1284] Rosell (1875), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Alfonso XI, Cap. CXXVIII, p. 259.�

[1285] Herrera (1652), p. 18.�

[1286] L�pez de Ayala (1779), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Pedro, A�o Primo, Cap. III, p. 13.�

[1287] L�pez de Ayala (1779), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Pedro, A�o Noveno, Cap. II, p. 238.�

[1288] L�pez de Ayala, P. (1780) Cr�nicas de los reyes de Castilla (Madrid), Tome II, Cr�nica del rey Juan I, A�o Secundo, Cap. IV, Abreviada, p. 133, footnote 1.�

[1289] Rosell (1875), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Alfonso XI, Cap. CXXXVII, p. 264.�

[1290] Herrera (1652), p. 18.�

[1291] L�pez de Ayala (1779), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Pedro, A�o Primo, Cap. III, p. 13.�

[1292] Rosell (1875), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Alfonso XI, Cap. CLXXXVI, p. 292.�

[1293] L�pez de Ayala (1779), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Pedro, A�o Primo, Cap. IX, p. 21.�

[1294] Rosell (1875), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Alfonso XI, Cap. CLXXVIII, p. 288.�

[1295] L�pez de Ayala (1779), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Pedro, A�o Primo, Cap. III, p. 13.�

[1296] Herrera (1652), p. 18.�

[1297] L�pez de Ayala (1780), Tome II, Cr�nica del rey Enrique II, A�o Quinto, Cap. VI, p. 19.�

[1298] Estepa D�az, C. Do�a Juana N��ez y el se�or�o de los Lara, e-Spania 1 Jun 2006, par. 46, citing transcription at Vitoria 22 Apr 1410, Archivo General de Simancas, Patronato Real, 31-33 [available at <httpt://e-spania.revues.org/index315.html#text> (15 Dec 2011)].�

[1299] L�pez de Ayala (1779), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Pedro, A�o Cuarto, Cap. XXVIII, p. 113.�

[1300] L�pez de Ayala (1780), Tome II, Cr�nica del rey Enrique II, A�o Octavo, Cap. X, p. 51.�

[1301] L�pez de Ayala (1780), Tome II, Cr�nica del rey Juan I, A�o Septimo, Cap. XV, p. 235.�

[1302] The date of her will.�

[1303] ES III 538.�

[1304] RAH, Colecci�n Salazar y Castro, M-12, fo 49 y 49 v (no. 48062).�

[1305] The date of his will at Zamora.�

[1306] L�pez de Ayala (1779), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Pedro, A�o Primo, Cap. III, p. 13, A�o Quinto, Cap. XVII, XXXVI, pp. 135 and 171.�

[1307] L�pez de Ayala (1779), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Pedro, A�o Catorceno, Cap. VII, p. 374.�

[1308] L�pez de Ayala (1779), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Pedro, A�o Catorceno, Cap. VII, p. 374.�

[1309] L�pez de Ayala (1779), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Pedro, A�o Primo, Cap. III, p. 13.�

[1310] Herrera (1652), p. 18.�

[1311] L�pez de Ayala (1779), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Pedro, A�o Decimo, Cap. XXIII, p. 293.�

[1312] L�pez de Ayala (1779), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Pedro, A�o Primo, Cap. III, p. 13.�

[1313] L�pez de Ayala (1780), Tome II, Cr�nica del rey Enrique II, A�o Nono, Cap. II, p. 61.�

[1314] L�pez de Ayala (1779), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Pedro, A�o Cuarto, Cap. XXVI, p. 111.�

[1315] L�pez de Ayala (1780), Tome II, Cr�nica del rey Enrique II, A�o Octavo, Cap. VI, p. 44.�

[1316] L�pez de Ayala (1780), Tome II, Cr�nica del rey Enrique II, A�o Nono, Cap. II, p. 61.�

[1317] L�pez de Ayala (1780), Tome II, Cr�nica del rey Enrique III, 1389, Caps. II, III, A�o Tercio, Cap. XXV, A�o Quinto, Cap. IX, pp. 346-52, 500 and 556.�

[1318] La muerte en la Casa Real de Arag�n, Cartas de condolencia y anunciadoras de fallecimientos (siglos XIII al XVI) (Zaragoza, 2018), 275, p. 277, available at <https://ifc.dpz.es/recursos/publicaciones/36/82/_ebook.pdf> (12 Mar 2022).�

[1319] L�pez de Ayala (1780), Tome II, Cr�nica del rey Juan I, A�o Septimo, Cap. XV, p. 235.�

[1320] L�pez de Ayala (1780), Tome II, Cr�nica del rey Enrique III, A�o Segundo, Cap. XII, p. 448.�

[1321] L�pez de Ayala (1779), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Pedro, A�o Primo, Cap. III, p. 13.�

[1322] L�pez de Ayala (1779), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Pedro, A�o Decimo, Cap. XXIII, p. 293.�

[1323] Lucas Tudensis, Liber IV, p. 112.�

[1324] Anales Toledanos II, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 419.�

[1325] Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis, Espa�a Sagrada Tomo II, p. 209.�

[1326] Cr�nica de San Juan de la Pe�a XXXV, p. 149.�

[1327] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, 18, p. 16.�

[1328] Spicilegium Tome III, p. 673.�

[1329] RAH, Colecci�n Salazar y Castro, M-13, fo 211 y 211 v (no. 48499).�

[1330] State Archives, volume 104, page 5, fascicule 5.�

[1331] State Archives, volume 104, page 11, fascicules 11.1, 2 and 3.�

[1332] State Archives, volume 102, page 10.2, fascicule 3.�

[1333] State Archives, volume 102, page 10, fascicule 1.�

[1334] Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis, Espa�a Sagrada Tomo II, p. 209.�

[1335] Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis, Espa�a Sagrada Tomo II, p. 210.�

[1336] Szabolcs de Vajay (1989), p. 394.�

[1337] Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis, Espa�a Sagrada Tomo II, p. 209.�

[1338] Anales Toledanos II, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 419.�

[1339] RAH, Colecci�n Salazar y Castro, M-13, fo 211 y 211 v (no. 48499).�

[1340] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, 18, p. 16, and Tit. VII, Reyes de Portugal, 9 p. 38.�

[1341] Breve Chronicon Alcobacense, Portugali� Monumenta Historica, Scriptores, Vol. I, p. 21.�

[1342] Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis, Espa�a Sagrada Tomo II, p. 209.�

[1343] Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis, Espa�a Sagrada Tomo II, p. 213.�

[1344] Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis, Espa�a Sagrada Tomo II, p. 209.�

[1345] Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis, Espa�a Sagrada Tomo II, p. 210.�

[1346] Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis, Espa�a Sagrada Tomo II, p. 211.�

[1347] Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis, Espa�a Sagrada Tomo II, p. 211.�

[1348] Las Huelgas de Burgos, Tome I, 134, p. 524.�

[1349] Rymer (1745), Tome II, Pars II, p. 95.�

[1350] Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis, Espa�a Sagrada Tomo II, p. 214.�

[1351] Szabolcs de Vajay (1989), p. 396.�

[1352] Cr�nica de San Juan de la Pe�a XXXVIII, p. 232.�

[1353] Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis, Espa�a Sagrada Tomo II, p. 210.�

[1354] Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis, Espa�a Sagrada Tomo II, p. 210.�

[1355] La muerte en la Casa Real de Arag�n (2018), 4, p. 21.�

[1356] Cr�nica de San Juan de la Pe�a XXXVIII, p. 231.�

[1357] Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis, Espa�a Sagrada Tomo II, p. 212.�

[1358] Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis, Espa�a Sagrada Tomo II, p. 214.�

[1359] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, 31, p. 16, and Cerdas, 2, p. 20.�

[1360] Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis, Espa�a Sagrada Tomo II, p. 216.�

[1361] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, 31, p. 16, and Tit. VII, Reyes de Portugal, 17 p. 35.�

[1362] Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis, Espa�a Sagrada Tomo II, p. 214.�

[1363] Sousa (1739) Provas, Tomo I, 33, p. 282.�

[1364] La muerte en la Casa Real de Arag�n (2018), 67, p. 80.�

[1365] Szabolcs de Vajay (1989), p. 396.�

[1366] ES III 126.�

[1367] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, 31, p. 16.�

[1368] L�pez de Ayala (1779), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Pedro, A�o Primo, Cap. I, p. 8.�

[1369] L�pez de Ayala (1779), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Pedro, A�o Primo, Cap. V, p. 16.�

[1370] L�pez de Ayala (1779), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Pedro, A�o Primo, Cap. VI, p. 18.�

[1371] Salazar y Castro (1697), Pruebas, p. 651.�

[1372] L�pez de Ayala (1779), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Pedro, A�o Primo, Cap. XIV, p. 29.�

[1373] L�pez de Ayala (1779), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Pedro, A�o Primo, Cap. XIV, p. 29.�

[1374] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. VIII, I, fol. 183 (second page).�

[1375] Salazar y Castro (1697), Pruebas, p. 651.�

[1376] Salazar y Castro (1697), Pruebas, p. 651.�

[1377] L�pez de Ayala (1779), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Pedro, A�o Primo, Cap. XIV, p. 29.�

[1378] L�pez de Ayala (1779), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Pedro, A�o Oncimo, Cap. XXIII, p. 324.�

[1379] L�pez de Ayala (1779), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Pedro, A�o Primo, Cap. XII, p. 25.�

[1380] Colmenares (1846), Tomo II, p. 156.�

[1381] L�pez de Ayala (1780), Tome II, Cr�nica del rey Juan I, A�o Tercio, Cap. III, p. 151.�

[1382] Sousa (1739) Provas, Tomo I, 33, p. 282.�

[1383] L�pez de Ayala (1779), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Pedro, A�o Sexto, Cap. V, p. 180.�

[1384] L�pez de Ayala (1779), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Pedro, A�o Catorceno, Cap. VII, p. 375.�

[1385] Anales Toledanos II, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 418.�

[1386] Valladolid Santa Mar�a, Tome II, LV, p. 325.�

[1387] Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis, Espa�a Sagrada Tomo II, p. 209.�

[1388] Chronicon de Carde�a, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 375.�

[1389] Anales Toledanos II, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 418.�

[1390] RHGF XX, Gesta Philippi Tertii Francorum Regis, p. 496.�

[1391] RHGF XXI, Chronique anonyme des rois de France, p. 81.�

[1392] Matthew Paris, Vol. V, 1252, p. 311.�

[1393] Spicilegium Tome III, p. 662.�

[1394] Chronicon de Carde�a, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 374.�

[1395] Spicilegium Tome III, p. 691.�

[1396] Anales Toledanos II, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 418.�

[1397] RHGF XX, Gesta Philippi Tertii Francorum Regis, p. 496.�

[1398] Buchon, J. A. (trans.) (1827) Chronique de Ramon Muntaner (Paris), Tome II, CLVIII, p. 23.�

[1399] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, 17, p. 16, Cerdas, 2, p. 20, and Tit. X, Lara, 25, p. 82.�

[1400] L�pez de Ayala (1780), Tome II, Cr�nica del rey Enrique II, A�o Octavo, Cap. X, p. 51.�

[1401] L�pez de Ayala (1779), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Pedro, A�o Secundo, Cap. X, p. 47.�

[1402] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, 31, p. 16, and Cerdas, 2, p. 20.�

[1403] Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis, Espa�a Sagrada Tomo II, p. 216.�

[1404] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, Cerdas, 2, p. 20.�

[1405] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, Cerdas, 2, p. 20.�

[1406] L�pez de Ayala (1779), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Pedro, A�o Secundo, Cap. X, p. 47.�

[1407] Rymer (1740), Tome II, Pars III, p. 118.�

[1408] L�pez de Ayala (1780), Tome II, Cr�nica del rey Enrique II, A�o Octavo, Cap. X, p. 49.�

[1409] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.2, Celestins de Paris, p. 709.�

[1410] CP III, p. 435.�

[1411] Anales Toledanos II, Espa�a Sagrada XXIII, p. 418.�

[1412] RHGF XX, Gesta Philippi Tertii Francorum Regis, p. 496.�

[1413] Ramon Muntaner, Tome II, CLVIII, p. 23.�

[1414] Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis, Espa�a Sagrada Tomo II, p. 211.�

[1415] Delaborde, H. F. �Un arri�re petit-fils de Saint-Louis, Alfonse d�Espagne�, M�langes Julien Havet (1895, Paris), Appendice I, p. 420.�

[1416] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, Cerdas, 1, p. 19.�

[1417] Salazar y Castro La casa de Lara, Tome I, p. 175, cited in Masnata y de Quesada �Cerda�, p. 171.�

[1418] Zurita, J. (1668) Anales de la corona de Arag�n, Tome II (Zaragoza), Libro VI, 1327, p. 79.�

[1419] Masnata y de Quesada �Cerda�, pp. 174-77.�

[1420] Masnata y de Quesada �Cerda�, pp. 174-77.�

[1421] Masnata y de Quesada �Cerda�, p. 184.�

[1422] RHGF XXI, p. 686.�

[1423] Masnata y de Quesada.� In ES III 123, Alfonso was the youngest son and born [1310].�

[1424] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, Cerdas, 1, p. 19.�

[1425] Delaborde �Alfonse d�Espagne� (1895), Appendice I, p. 420.�

[1426] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.1, Obituaire de Notre-Dame de Paris (1529), p. 226.�

[1427] RHGF XXI, p. 686.�

[1428] Delaborde �Alfonse d�Espagne� (1895), Appendice I, p. 420.�

[1429] Butkens, C. (1724) Troph�es tant sacr�s que profanes du duch� de Brabant (The Hague), Vol. I, Preuves, p. 223.�

[1430] Delaborde �Alfonse d�Espagne� (1895), Appendice I, p. 420.�

[1431] Devillers, L. (1869) Description analytique de cartulaires et de chartriers de Hainaut (Mons), Tome V, XXI, p. 64.�

[1432] Delachenal, R. (1910) Chronique des r�gnes de Jean II et de Charles V, Tome I (Paris), p. 37.�

[1433] Delachenal, Tome I (1910), p. 33.�

[1434] Delaborde �Alfonse d�Espagne� (1895), Appendice I, p. 420.�

[1435] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.1, Obituaire de Notre-Dame de Paris (1529), p. 225.�

[1436] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, Cerdas, 1, p. 19.�

[1437] RAH, Colecci�n Salazar y Castro, M-20, fo 21 (no. 49071).�

[1438] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, Cerdas, 3, p. 19, and Tit. XVII, Guzmanes, 11 p. 106.�

[1439] RAH, Colecci�n Salazar y Castro, M-20, fo 24 y 24 v (no. 49073).�

[1440] RAH, Colecci�n Salazar y Castro, M-20, fo 30 v y 31 v (no. 49077).�

[1441] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, Cerdas, 4, pp. 19-20.�

[1442] RAH, Colecci�n Salazar y Castro, M-20, fo 30 v y 31 v (no. 49077).�

[1443] L�pez de Ayala (1779), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Pedro, A�o Octavo, Cap. II, p. 224.�

[1444] L�pez de Ayala (1779), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Pedro, A�o Octavo, Cap. V, p. 230.�

[1445] L�pez de Ayala (1779), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Pedro, A�o Secundo, Cap. XXI, p. 69.�

[1446] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, Cerdas, 3, p. 19, and Tit. XXI, Pon�os, 8, p. 132.�

[1447] RAH, Colecci�n Salazar y Castro, M-20, fo 35 (no. 49079).�

[1448] RAH, Colecci�n Salazar y Castro, M-20, fo 30 v y 31 v (no. 49077).�

[1449] RAH, Colecci�n Salazar y Castro, M-20, fo 36 (no. 49081).�

[1450] RAH, Colecci�n Salazar y Castro, M-20, fo 171 y 171 v (no. 49315).�

[1451] RAH, Colecci�n Salazar y Castro, M-20, fo 17 a 19 v (no. 49069).�

[1452] RAH, Colecci�n Salazar y Castro, M-20, fo 152 (no. 49300).�

[1453] RAH, Colecci�n Salazar y Castro, M-20, fo 21 (no. 49071).�

[1454] Salazar y Castro (1697), Tomo III, Libro XX, cap. VIII, p. 433.�

[1455] Salazar y Castro (1697), Tomo III, Libro XVIII, cap. III, p. 264.�

[1456] Dupont, J. Cahiers de Saint Louis, No. 30, p. 47.�

[1457] Salazar y Castro (1697), Tomo III, Libro XVI, cap. IX, p. 67, and Libro XX, cap. XII, p. 448.�

[1458] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. XVIII, Villalobos, 10 and 11, p. 108.�

[1459] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, Cerdas, 1, p. 19.�

[1460] Salazar y Castro (1697), Tomo III, Libro XVI, cap. IX, p. 67, and Libro XX, cap. XII, p. 448.�

[1461] RAH, Colecci�n Salazar y Castro, M-20, fo 32 a 34 v (no. 49078).�

[1462] Salazar y Castro (1697), Tomo III, Libro XVI, cap. XI, p. 71.�

[1463] Salazar y Castro (Lara), Pruebas, p. 40.�

[1464] Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis, Espa�a Sagrada Tomo II, p. 209.�

[1465] Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis, Espa�a Sagrada Tomo II, p. 210.�

[1466] Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis, Espa�a Sagrada Tomo II, p. 210.�

[1467] Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis, Espa�a Sagrada Tomo II, p. 212.�

[1468] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, cols. 171 and 176.�

[1469] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, 22, p. 15.�

[1470] Tallone, A. (ed.) (1906) Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo (1091-1340), Biblioteca della societ� storica subalpina, Vol. XVII (Pinerolo) ("Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo"), 729, p. 191.�

[1471] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, 22, p. 15, and Tit. IX, Biscaya, 17 p. 72.�

[1472] Salazar y Castro (Lara), Pruebas, p. 32.�

[1473] Rymer (1745), Tome II, Pars II, p. 95.�

[1474] L�pez de Ayala (1780), Tome II, Cr�nica del rey Enrique II, A�o Octavo, Cap. X, pp. 50-1.�

[1475] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, 30, p. 15.�

[1476] Rosell (1875), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Fernando IV, Cap. I, p. 97.�

[1477] According to Salazar y Acha (2000), p. 436, he was born [1292].�

[1478] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, 29, p. 15.�

[1479] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, 30, p. 15.�

[1480] Chronicon Domini Joannis Emmanuelis, Espa�a Sagrada Tomo II, p. 212.�

[1481] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. X, Lara, 27, p. 82, and Tit. IV, Reyes de Castilla, 30, p. 15.�

[1482] Rosell (1875), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Fernando IV, Cap. X, p. 125.�

[1483] Rosell (1875), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Alfonso XI, Cap. CXXVIII, p. 259.�

[1484] Salazar y Castro (1697), Tomo III, Libro XVI, cap. XI, p. 71.�

[1485] L�pez de Ayala (1779), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Pedro, A�o Primo, Cap. III, p. 13.�

[1486] L�pez de Ayala (1779), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Pedro, A�o Diez y Siete, Cap. III, p. 400.�

[1487] Colmenares (1846), Tomo II, p. 156.�

[1488] L�pez de Ayala (1780), Tome II, Cr�nica del rey Enrique II, A�o Catorceno, Cap. III, p. 104.�

[1489] L�pez de Ayala (1780), Tome II, p. 106.�

[1490] L�pez de Ayala (1779), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Pedro, A�o Primo, Cap. XII, p. 25.�

[1491] Colmenares (1846), Tomo II, p. 156.�

[1492] L�pez de Ayala (1780), Tome II, Cr�nica del rey Juan I, A�o Tercio, Cap. III, p. 151.�

[1493] L�pez de Ayala (1780), Tome II, p. 120, footnote 20 citing Sousa Historia de la Casa Real de Portugal, Tomo XII, p. 158.�

[1494] L�pez de Ayala (1780), Tome II, p. 106.�

[1495] L�pez de Ayala (1780), Tome II, Cr�nica del rey Enrique II, A�o Octavo, Cap. VI, p. 44.�

[1496] L�pez de Ayala (1780), Tome II, p. 106.�

[1497] L�pez de Ayala (1780), Tome II, p. 106.�

[1498] L�pez de Ayala (1780), Tome II, p. 106.�

[1499] L�pez de Ayala (1779), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Pedro, A�o Noveno, Cap. XI, p. 253.�

[1500] Colmenares (1846), Tomo II, p. 156.�

[1501] Colmenares (1846), Tomo II, p. 155.�

[1502] Florez (1770), Tomo II, p. 686.�

[1503] L�pez de Ayala (1779), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Pedro, A�o Diez y Siete, Cap. VII, p. 410.�

[1504] Colmenares (1846), Tomo II, p. 156.�

[1505] L�pez de Ayala (1780), Tome II, Cr�nica del rey Enrique II, A�o Sexto, Cap. VI, VII, pp. 25-6.�

[1506] L�pez de Ayala (1780), Tome II, Cr�nica del rey Enrique II, A�o Octavo, Cap. VIII, p. 47, A�o Decimo, Cap. II, pp. 75-6.�

[1507] L�pez de Ayala (1780), Tome II, p. 106.�

[1508] Colmenares (1846), Tomo II, p. 156.�

[1509] L�pez de Ayala (1780), Tome II, p. 120, footnote 20 citing Sousa Historia de la Casa Real de Portugal, Tomo XII, p. 158.�

[1510] L�pez de Ayala (1780), Tome II, Cr�nica del rey Enrique II, A�o Septimo, Cap. III, p. 36.�

[1511] L�pez de Ayala (1780), Tome II, Cr�nica del rey Enrique II, A�o Decimo, Cap. III, p. 77.�

[1512] L�pez de Ayala (1780), Tome II, p. 106.�

[1513] L�pez de Ayala (1780), Tome II, Cr�nica del rey Enrique II, A�o Octavo, Cap. VI, p. 45.�

[1514] Sousa (1739) Provas, Tomo I, 38, p. 294.�

[1515] L�pez de Ayala (1780), Tome II, Cr�nica del rey Enrique II, A�o Treceno, Cap. I, p. 89.�

[1516] ES III 545-546.�

[1517] ES III 547.�

[1518] ES III 544.�

[1519] ES III 548.�

[1520] ES III 549.�

[1521] L�pez de Ayala (1780), Tome II, p. 106.�

[1522] L�pez de Ayala (1780), Tome II, Cr�nica del rey Enrique II, A�o Treceno, Cap. I, p. 89.�

[1523] L�pez de Ayala (1780), Tome II, p. 106.�

[1524] L�pez de Ayala (1780), Tome II, Cr�nica del rey Juan I, A�o Octavo, Cap. IV, p. 248.�

[1525] L�pez de Ayala (1780), Tome II, p. 106.�

[1526] L�pez de Ayala (1780), Tome II, Cr�nica del rey Enrique II, A�o Octavo, Cap. VI, p. 44.�

[1527] L�pez de Ayala (1780), Tome II, Cr�nica del rey Enrique III, A�o Segundo, Cap. XI, p. 447.�

[1528] L�pez de Ayala (1780), Tome II, Cr�nica del rey Enrique III, 1389, Caps. II, III, pp. 346-52.�

[1529] L�pez de Ayala (1780), Tome II, Cr�nica del rey Enrique III, A�o Segundo, Cap. XII, p. 448.�

[1530] L�pez de Ayala (1780), Tome II, Cr�nica del rey Juan I, A�o Secundo, Cap. IV, Abreviada, p. 133, footnote 1.�

[1531] L�pez de Ayala (1780), Tome II, Cr�nica del rey Enrique III, A�o Tercio, Cap. XII, p. 448.�

[1532] L�pez de Ayala (1780), Tome II, p. 120, footnote 20 citing Salazar de Mendoza (no precise citation) and Florez (1770), Tomo II, p. 682, which gives no primary source reference.�

[1533] Her husband married for the second time before 1389.�

[1534] L�pez de Ayala (1780), Tome II, p. 106.�

[1535] L�pez de Ayala (1780), Tome II, p. 106.�

[1536] L�pez de Ayala (1780), Tome II, p. 110, quoted in footnote 5.�

[1537] L�pez de Ayala (1780), Tome II, p. 110, quoted in footnote 5.�

[1538] L�pez de Ayala (1780), Tome II, p. 106.�

[1539] L�pez de Ayala (1780), Tome II, p. 113, quoting in footnote 5 Pellicer �Inf. de los Sarm. f. 92�.�

[1540] Gonz�lez D�vila, G. (1638) Historia de la vida y hechos del rey don Henrique tercero de Castilla (Madrid), p. 208.�

[1541] La muerte en la Casa Real de Arag�n (2018), 288, p. 290.�

[1542] L�pez de Ayala (1780), Tome II, p. 120, footnote 20 citing Torres Cr�nica del Orden de Alc�ntara, Tomo II, p. 151.�

[1543] Gonz�lez D�vila (1638), p. 208.�

[1544] L�pez de Ayala (1779), Tome I, Cr�nica del rey don Pedro, A�o Noveno, Cap. XI, p. 253.�

[1545] Colmenares (1846), Tomo II, p. 156.�

[1546] L�pez de Ayala (1780), Tome II, Cr�nica del rey Enrique II, A�o Quinto, Cap. VI, p. 19.�

[1547] L�pez de Ayala (1780), Tome II, Cr�nica del rey Juan I, A�o Duodecimo, Cap. XX, p. 342.�

[1548] L�pez de Ayala (1780), Tome II, Cr�nica del rey Enrique III, A�o Segundo, Cap. VI, p. 414.�

[1549] L�pez de Ayala (1780), Tome II, Cr�nica del rey Enrique II, A�o Nono, Caps. X, XI, XII, pp. 68-73, A�o Decimo, Cap. II, pp. 75-6.�

[1550] La muerte en la Casa Real de Arag�n (2018), 141, p. 147.�

[1551] L�pez de Ayala (1780), Tome II, Cr�nica del rey Juan I, A�o Cuarto, Cap. III, p. 160.�

[1552] L�pez de Ayala (1780), Tome II, Cr�nica del rey Juan I, A�o Cuarto, Cap. V, A�o Quinto, Cap. I, pp. 161-8.�

[1553] Gonz�lez D�vila (1638), p. 208.�

[1554] L�pez de Ayala (1780), Tome II, Cr�nica del rey Juan I, A�o Primero, Cap. IV, p. 128.�

[1555] L�pez de Ayala (1780), Tome II, Cr�nica del rey Juan I, A�o Secundo, Cap. VII, p. 137.�

[1556] L�pez de Ayala (1780), Tome II, Cr�nica del rey Juan I, A�o Cuarto, Cap. III, p. 160.�

[1557] I am grateful to discussions on Wikipedia (Lusophone and Anglophone) for drawing my attention to the difficulties relating to this supposed son of King Juan I.�

[1558] Serrano, C. O. (2005) Beatriz de Portugal: la pugna din�stica Avis-Trast�mara, p. 354 footnote 2, p. 397 footnote 111 [available Limited Preview in Google Book].�

[1559] Salazar de Mendoza, P. (1618) Origen de las dignidades seglares de Castilla y Le�n (Madrid), p. 124 (first page).�

[1560] M�ndez Silva, R. (1656) Cat�logo real y geneal�gico de Espa�a (Madrid), p. 119 (second page).�

[1561] L�pez de Ayala (1780), Tome II, Cr�nica del rey Enrique III, A�o Segundo, Cap. VI, pp. 414-36, 418, 425, 428-9.�

[1562] L�pez de Ayala (1780), Tome II, Cr�nica del rey Enrique III, A�o Segundo, Cap. XXV, p. 500.�

[1563] L�pez de Ayala (1780), Tome II, Cr�nica del rey Juan I, A�o Primero, Cap. IV, p. 128.�

[1564] Gonz�lez D�vila (1638), p. 208.�

[1565] Gonz�lez D�vila (1638), p. 205.�

[1566] L�pez de Ayala (1780), Tome II, Cr�nica del rey Juan I, A�o Secundo, Cap. III, p. 131.�

[1567] Armitage-Smith (1904), Appendix (v), p. 464, quoting Percy MS. 78 (Alnwick Castle).�

[1568] L�pez de Ayala (1780), Tome II, Cr�nica del rey Juan I, A�o Decimo, Cap. II, p. 273.�

[1569] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 140.�

[1570] Gonz�lez D�vila (1638), p. 208.�

[1571] Gonz�lez D�vila (1638), p. 221.�

[1572] Gonz�lez D�vila (1638), p. 208.�

[1573] Gonz�lez D�vila (1638), p. 208.�

[1574] La muerte en la Casa Real de Arag�n (2018), 280, p. 282.�

[1575] Gonz�lez D�vila (1638), p. 208.�

[1576] Gonz�lez D�vila (1638), p. 208.�

[1577] Anthony, R. (1931?) Identification et Etude des Ossements des Rois de Navarre inhum�s dans la Cath�drale de Lescar (Paris) [available at <https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/archives-serie6-tome7-article1.pdf > (29 Mar 2024), link sent by Thierry Le H�te by email 27 Mar 2024], Tableau II, p. 9, and p. 14, Blanche, footnote 1, citing �Arch. de Nav., C.C.r., caj. 134, n^o 17�.�

[1578] Desdevises du Dezert, G. (1889) Don Carlos d�Aragon Prince de Viane (Paris), p. 110.�

[1579] Codina, J. (1851) Guerras de Navarra y Catalu�a desde el a�o 1451 hasta el de 1472 (Barcelona), p. 4.�

[1580] Anthony (1931?), Tableau II, p. 9, and p. 14, Blanche, footnote 1, citing �Arch. de Nav., C.C.r., caj. 134, n^o 17�.�

[1581] Yanguas y Miranda, J. (1832) Historia compendiada del Reino de Navarra (San Sebastian), pp. 266-7.�

[1582] Anthony (1931?), Tableau II, p. 9, and p. 15, footnote 3, citing Sandoval, Prudencio de (1614) Catalogo de los Obispos, que ha tenido la Santa Iglesia de Pamplona� (Pamplona), folio 109 recto et verso, available at <https://liburutegibiltegi.bizkaia.eus/handle/20.500.11938/70706> (30 Mar 2024) (not consulted).�

[1583] Desdevises du Dezert (1889), p. 125.�

[1584] Anthony (1931?), Tableau II, p. 9, and p. 15, footnote 4, citing �Volume 498, folio 124, verso, C.C.r. (Arch. de Nav.)�.�

[1585] Anthony (1931?), Tableau II, p. 9, and p. 15, footnote 5, citing Dubarat, V. (1900) Documents et bibliographie sur la R�forme en B�arn et au Pays Basque, Tome I (1900), p. 27, available at <https://www.euskalmemoriadigitala.eus/handle/10357/2394> (30 Mar 2024) [not consulted].�

[1586] November, according to Salazar y Acha (2000), p. 451.�

[1587] Sandoval, P. de (1847) Historia del Emperador Carlos V Rey de Espa�a (Madrid), Tome IX, pp. 239, 254, 257-8, 261, 274.�

[1588] Sandoval (1847), Tome IX, p. 289.�

[1589] Serrure, C. P. (1836) Sur la naissance de Marguerite de Parma (Gand), p. 2, as reported by �Strada et L�ti� (no precise citation reference).�

[1590] Serrure (1836), pp. 5-6, quoting original document in the archives of Oudenaarde. �

[1591] Gachard, M. �Don Juan d�Autriche, Etudes historiques, Premi�re �tude: La m�re de don Juan�, Bulletins de l�Acad�mie Royale des Sciences, des Lettres et des Beaux-Arts de Belgique, 2e s�rie, Tome XXVI (Brussels, 1868), pp. 327, 339 Appendix A, Extrait de compte 1551, fol. 136 v.��

[1592] Sandoval (1847), Tome VII, p. 69.�

[1593] Sandoval (1847), Tome IX, p. 274.�

[1594] Lafuente, M. (1854) Historia General de Espa�a (Madrid), Vol. XIII, p. 437, footnote.�

[1595] Gachard, M. �Don Juan d�Autriche, Etudes historiques, Deuxi�me �tude: L�enfance de don Juan�, Bulletins de l�Acad�mie Royale des Sciences, des Lettres et des Beaux-Arts de Belgique, 2e s�rie, Tome XXVI (Brussels, 1868), p. 390.��

[1596] Gachard �L�enfance de don Juan�, pp. 396-7, French translation of Spanish original text, no citation reference.��

[1597] Gachard �L�enfance de don Juan�, pp. 407-8.��

[1598] Stirling-Maxwell, W. (1883) Don John of Austria (London), Vols. I & II.�

[1599] Strada, F. (1637) De Bello Belgico (Rome), Liber X, p. 719.�

[1600] Strada (1637), Liber X, p. 719.�

[1601] Strada (1637), Liber X, p. 719.�

[1602] Strada (1637), Liber X, p. 719.�

[1603] Sandoval, P. de (1847) Historia del Emperador Carlos V Rey de Espa�a (Madrid), Tome IX, pp. 239, 254, 257-8, 261, 274.�

Chapter 2.��� KINGS of CASTILE & LEON 1035-1217

A.����� KINGS of CASTILE and LEON 1035-1217 (JIMENA DYNASTY of NAVARRE)

B.����� KINGS of CASTILE and LE�N 1112-1217 (BOURGOGNE-COMTE)

C.����� Descendants of Infante don FERNANDO "�l de la Cerda" de CASTILLA [son of ALFONSO X King of Castile]: de la CERDA

D.����� Descendants of Infante don JUAN de CASTILLA [son of ALFONSO X King of Castile]: Se�ores de VALENCIA de Campos

Chapter 5.��� KINGS OF CASTILE & LE�N 1369-1504 (TRAST�MARA)

�

Chapter 2.�� KINGS of CASTILE & LEON 1035-1217

A.�� KINGS of CASTILE and LEON 1035-1217 (JIMENA DYNASTY of NAVARRE)

B.�� KINGS of CASTILE and LE�N 1112-1217 (BOURGOGNE-COMTE)

C.�� Descendants of Infante don FERNANDO "�l de la Cerda" de CASTILLA [son of ALFONSO X King of Castile]: de la CERDA

D.�� Descendants of Infante don JUAN de CASTILLA [son of ALFONSO X King of Castile]: Se�ores de VALENCIA de Campos

Chapter 5.�� KINGS OF CASTILE & LE�N 1369-1504 (TRAST�MARA)