禮

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See also: 礼
禮 U+79AE, 禮
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-79AE
← 禭
[U+79AD] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 禯 →
[U+79AF]
禮 U+F9B6, 禮
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9B6
← 例
[U+F9B5] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 醴 →
[U+F9B7]

Translingual

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Traditional 禮
Simplified 礼
Japanese 礼
Korean 禮

Alternative forms

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In Traditional Chinese, the component on the left of U+79AE is 礻. In Korean hanja and Japanese kyūjitai, the component on the left of U+79AE is 示 rather than 礻, which is also the historical form that appears in the Kangxi dictionary. A CJK compatibility ideograph exists at U+F9B6 to reflect the form found in the Kangxi dictionary.

Han character

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禮 (Kangxi radical 113, 示+13, 18 strokes, cangjie input 戈火廿田廿 (IFTWT), four-corner 35218, composition ⿰礻豊(GHTV) or ⿰示豊(JK or U+F9B6))

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 847, character 7
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24844
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1268, character 9
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2409, character 14
  • Unihan data for U+79AE

Chinese

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trad. 禮
simp. 礼
alternative forms
豊
礼
𠃞
𤔑
𥜨
豊
礼
𠃞
𤔑
𥜨
𥜪
𫌓
𢢪
𥘆
𰳰
𮕤
𥝏
 

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 禮
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Ancient script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (豊) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
體 *r̥ʰiːʔ
軆 *r̥ʰiːʔ
禮 *riːʔ
澧 *riːʔ
醴 *riːʔ
豊 *riːʔ
鱧 *riːʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *riːʔ) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 礻 (“altar”) + phonetic 豊 (OC *riːʔ, “ceremony”) – performing rites at the altar.

Originally written 豊, see there for more.

Etymology

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Uncertain. Schuessler (2007) proposes that this is an old areal etymon. Compare Tibetan ཞེ་ས (zhe sa, “respect, honor, deference”), རྗེ་བོ (rje bo, “lord, nobleman”), རྗེད (rjed, “to honor; reverence”); Mru [script needed] (ri, “ritual”) is possibly borrowed from Austroasiatic (cf. Mon [script needed] (rèh seh, “to respect, to revere”); Thin Khmu [script needed] (rɛh, “to lift up”); both from Proto-Mon-Khmer *reh (“to raise up, to exalt”)).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • lài - vernacular;
  • lǐ - literary.
Note:
  • loi2 - vernacular;
  • li2 - literary.
Rime
Character 禮
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 齊 (39)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 盧啓切
Baxter lejX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/leiX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/leiX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/lɛiX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/lɛjX/
Li
Rong 		/leiX/
Wang
Li 		/lieiX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/lieiX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		lǐ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		lai5
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 禮
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		lǐ
Middle
Chinese 		‹ lejX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[r]ˁijʔ/
English propriety, ceremony

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 禮
Reading # 1/1
No. 7839
Phonetic
component 		豊
Rime
group 		脂
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		禮
Old
Chinese 		/*riːʔ/

Definitions

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禮

  1. ritual; rite; ceremony
    婚禮／婚礼  ―  hūnlǐ  ―  wedding
    喪禮／丧礼  ―  sānglǐ  ―  funeral
  2. rules of etiquette; rules of propriety
  3. courtesy; etiquette; manners
    敬禮／敬礼  ―  jìnglǐ  ―  to salute
    禮多人不怪／礼多人不怪  ―  lǐduōrénbùguài  ―  nobody will find fault with extra courtesy
  4. present; gift (Classifier: 份 m c)
    禮物／礼物  ―  lǐwù  ―  gift
  5. to treat with respect and courtesy
    敬賢禮士／敬贤礼士  ―  jìngxiánlǐshì  ―  to treat worthies and intellectuals respectfully and courteously
  6. 48th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "ritual" (𝌵)
  7. a surname

Usage notes

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Usually, a single 禮／礼 (lǐ) refers to a gift that involves more serious social interaction. For gifts between friends, 禮物／礼物 (lǐwù) is used instead.

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Shinjitai

礼

Kyūjitai

禮

Kanji

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禮

(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 礼)

  1. Kyūjitai form of 礼 (“propriety; courtesy; politeness; etiquette”)

Readings

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  • Go-on: らい (rai)
  • Kan-on: れい (rei)
  • Nanori: ひろ (hiro)、れ (re)

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 禮 (MC lejX).

Historical readings

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

禮 (eumhun 례도/예도 례 (ryedo/yedo rye), word-initial (South Korea) 례도/예도 예 (ryedo/yedo ye))

  1. hanja form? of 례/예 (“manners; etiquette”)

Compounds

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Compounds

References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

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chữ Hán Nôm in this term
禮

Han character

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禮: Hán Việt readings: lễ (里(lí)弟(đệ)切(thiết))[1][2][3]
禮: Nôm readings: lễ[1][2][4], lạy[3][5], lẻ[1][3][5][4], lẫy[2][3][5][4], rẽ[2][3], rẩy[2][5], lẩy[3][5], lãi[3][4], lể[5][4], lởi[3], lỡi[3], lấy[3], lảy[4], rẻ[4]

  1. chữ Hán form of lễ (“ritual; etiquette; to kowtow; an offering; ceremony”).
  2. Nôm form of lạy (“to kowtow”).
  3. Nôm form of lẻ (“odd (not divisible by two)”).

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 Trần (2004).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 Hồ (1976).
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