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環

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 环
環 U+74B0, 環
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-74B0
← 璯
[U+74AF] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 璱 →
[U+74B1]

Translingual

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Japanese 環
Simplified 环
Traditional 環

Han character

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環 (Kangxi radical 96, 玉+13, 17 strokes, cangjie input 一土田中女 (MGWLV), four-corner 16132, composition ⿰𤣩睘)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 743, character 17
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21287
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1152, character 14
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1140, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+74B0

Chinese

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trad. 環
simp. 环*

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 環
Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
s00138
Transcribed ancient scripts
L04052
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (睘) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
癏 *kʷraːn
擐 *kʷraːn, *ɡʷraːns
還 *ɡʷraːn, *sɢʷan
環 *ɡʷraːn
鬟 *ɡʷraːn
寰 *ɡʷraːn, *ɡʷeːns
闤 *ɡʷraːn
糫 *ɡʷraːn
圜 *ɡʷraːn, *ɡʷen
鐶 *ɡʷraːn
轘 *ɡʷraːn, *ɡʷraːns
澴 *ɡʷraːn
繯 *ɡʷraːns, *ɡʷeːnʔ
檈 *sɢʷan, *sɢʷin
儇 *qʰʷen
翾 *qʰʷen
蠉 *qʰʷen, *qʰʷenʔ
嬛 *qʰʷen, *qʷen, *ɡʷeŋ
譞 *qʰʷen
懁 *kʷeːns
獧 *kʷeːns
噮 *qʷeːns
彋 *ɡʷreːŋ, *ɡʷreːŋ
睘 *ɡʷeŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷraːn) : semantic 玉 (“jade”) + phonetic 睘 (OC *ɡʷeŋ).

Etymology 1

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Note similarities to Proto-Tibeto-Burman *hwaŋ (“to encircle; circular, fence”), whence Burmese ဝင်း (wang:, “enclosure, compound”).

Pronunciation

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Note: van4 - used in 耳環／耳环 (“earring”).
Note: uan4 - used in 環子／环子 (“earring”).
Note:
  • koeng2/kyeng2 - vernacular (“to surround; around; classifier for number of times”);
  • kuang2/kuong2 - older literary;
  • huang2/huong2 - newer literary.
Note:
  • khoân - vernacular;
  • hoân - literary.
Note: huêng5 - Chaozhou.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 環
Mandarin Beijing /xuan³⁵/
Harbin /xuan²⁴/
Tianjin /xuan⁴⁵/
Jinan /xuã⁴²/
Qingdao /xuã⁴²/
Zhengzhou /xuan⁴²/
Xi'an /xuã²⁴/
Xining /xuã²⁴/
Yinchuan /xuan⁵³/
Lanzhou /xuɛ̃n⁵³/
Ürümqi /xuan⁵¹/
Wuhan /xuan²¹³/
Chengdu /xuan³¹/
Guiyang /xuan²¹/
Kunming /xuã̠³¹/
Nanjing /kʰuaŋ²⁴/
/xuaŋ²⁴/
Hefei /xuæ̃⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /xuæ̃¹¹/
Pingyao /xuɑŋ¹³/
Hohhot /xuæ̃³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ɡue²³/
Suzhou /ɡue̞¹³/
Hangzhou /ɡuõ²¹³/
Wenzhou /va³¹/
Hui Shexian /xuɛ⁴⁴/
/uɛ⁴⁴/
Tunxi /uːən⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /fan¹³/
Xiangtan /ɸan¹²/
Gan Nanchang /uan⁴⁵/ 耳～
/fan⁴⁵/ 門～
Hakka Meixian /fan¹¹/
Taoyuan /kʰuɑn¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /wan²¹/
Nanning /wan²¹/
Hong Kong /wan²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /huan³⁵/
/kʰuan³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /kʰuaŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /uiŋ²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /huaŋ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /huaŋ³¹/
Rime
Character 環
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 刪 (70)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) II
Fanqie 戸關切
Baxter hwaen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɦˠuan/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɦʷᵚan/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɣuɐn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɦwaɨn/
Li
Rong 		/ɣuan/
Wang
Li 		/ɣwan/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ɣwan/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		huán
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		waan4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 環
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		huán
Middle
Chinese 		‹ hwæn ›
Old
Chinese 		/*C.ɢʷˁ<r>en/
English ring (n.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 環
Reading # 1/1
No. 16231
Phonetic
component 		睘
Rime
group 		元
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		還
Old
Chinese 		/*ɡʷraːn/

Definitions

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環

  1. circle; ring; hoop
    指環／指环  ―  zhǐhuán  ―  finger ring
    耳環／耳环  ―  ěrhuán  ―  earring
  2. link
  3. to surround
    環繞／环绕  ―  huánrào  ―  to surround
    環法／环法  ―  Huán Fǎ  ―  Tour de France
  4. (chemistry) ring (a group of atoms linked by bonds to form a closed chain in a molecule)
    苯環／苯环  ―  běnhuán  ―  benzene ring
    雜環／杂环  ―  záhuán  ―  heterocycle
  5. (mathematics) ring
  6. (archery, shooting) ring
  7. a surname
Synonyms
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Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (環):
  • → Japanese: 環(かん) (kan)
  • → Korean: 환(環) (hwan)
  • → Vietnamese: hoàn (環)

Etymology 2

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From Cantonese 灣／湾 (waan1-4, “bay”), used in certain place names. The low-falling tone change is possibly borrowed from Siyi Yue (Lau and Tang, 2020).

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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環

  1. (used in place names in Hong Kong and Macau and compounds) bay
    四環九約／四环九约 [Cantonese]  ―  sei3 waan4 gau2 joek3 [Jyutping]  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Compounds

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References

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  • “環”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎[2], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
  • 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “环”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 317.
  • 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “环”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 93.

Japanese

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Shinjitai 環
Kyūjitai
[1]
環󠄁
環+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
環󠄃
環+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

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環

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. circle, ring, wheel

Readings

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Compounds

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Compounds

Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
環
かん
Grade: S
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 環 (MC hwaen).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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環(かん) • (kan) ←くわん (kwan)?

  1. ring
  2. (algebra) ring

Prefix

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環(かん) • (kan-) ←くわん (kwan-)?

  1. circum-

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
環
わ
Grade: S
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
輪

From Old Japanese.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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環(わ) • (wa) 

  1. a ring or circle shape (such as a ring for a finger, or Saturn's rings)
  2. a hoop (such as for a barrel)
  3. a wheel (as of a vehicle)
Synonyms
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Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term
環
たまき
Grade: S
kun'yomi
Alternative spellings
手纏
鐶

Originally a compound of 手 (ta, “hand”, ancient combining form of modern te) +‎ 巻き (maki, “winding, wrapping”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 巻く maku, “to wind, to wrap”), from the way that the bracelet would be worn around the wrist.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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環(たまき) • (tamaki) 

  1. an ancient bracelet strung with jewels or bells and worn at the elbow
  2. a longer tube-shaped gauntlet to protect the hand during archery
  3. (obsolete) an ancient jewel or other stone in the shape of a ring
Synonyms
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Etymology 4

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Kanji in this term
環
ゆびまき
Grade: S
kun'yomi
Alternative spellings
指巻
鐶

Originally a compound of 指 (yubi, “finger”, noun) +‎ 巻き (maki, “winding, wrapping”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 巻く maku, “to wind, to wrap”), from the way that the ring would be worn around a finger.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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環(ゆびまき) • (yubimaki) 

  1. (obsolete) an ancient jewel or other stone in the shape of a ring
Synonyms
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References

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  1. ^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 1441 (paper), page 771 (digital)
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

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Hanja

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環 • (hwan) (hangeul 환)

  1. jade ring or bracelet
  2. ring

Vietnamese

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Han character

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環: Hán Nôm readings: hoàn

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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