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ISO 639-5

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

ISO 639-5:2008 "Codes for the representation of names of languages—Part 5: Alpha-3 code for language families and groups" is an international standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). It was developed by ISO Technical Committee 37, Subcommittee 2, and first published on May 15, 2008. It is part of the ISO 639 series of standards.

Collective codes

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This is a list of ISO 639-5 codes, including the code hierarchy as given in the ISO 639-5 registry.[1] The code und (undetermined) from ISO 639-2 can be seen as top of the hierarchy (for example, und:aav, und:euq:eu). The hierarchy is not a complete genetic hierarchy; some of the collection codes are based on geography (like nai) or category (like crp) instead.

ISO 639-5 defines alpha-3 (3-letter) codes, called "collective codes", that identify language families and groups. As of the February 11, 2013 update to ISO 639-5, the standard defines 115 collective codes.[2][3] The United States Library of Congress maintains the list of Alpha-3 codes that comprise ISO 639-5.[4]

The standard does not cover all language families used by linguists. The languages covered by a group code need not be linguistically related, but may have a geographic relation, or category relation (such as Creoles).

Hierarchy 639-5 639-2 Language collection name Notes
aav aav Austro-Asiatic languages South-Asiatic languages, not related to Australian languages
afa afa afa [5] Afro-Asiatic languages
nai:aql:alg alg alg [6] Algonquian languages
nic:alv alv Atlantic-Congo languages
nai:xnd:ath:apa apa apa [7] Apache languages
sai:aqa aqa Alacalufan languages
nai:aql aql Algic languages
art art art [8] Artificial languages
nai:xnd:ath ath ath [9] Athapascan languages
sai:awd:auf auf Arauan languages
aus aus aus [10] Australian languages
sai:awd awd Arawakan languages
nai:azc azc Uto-Aztecan languages
nic:alv:bad bad bad [11] Banda languages
nic:alv:bai bai bai [12] Bamileke languages
ine:bat bat bat [13] Baltic languages
afa:ber ber ber [14] Berber languages
ine:iir:bih bih bih [15] Bihari languages
nic:alv:bnt bnt bnt [16] Bantu languages
map:poz:pqw:btk btk btk [17] Batak languages
cai cai cai [18] Central American Indian languages
cau cau cau [19] Caucasian languages
sai:cba cba Chibchan languages
cau:ccn ccn North Caucasian languages
cau:ccs ccs South Caucasian languages
afa:cdc cdc Chadic languages
nai:cdd cdd Caddoan languages
ine:cel cel cel [20] Celtic languages
map:poz:pqw:cmc cmc cmc [21] Chamic languages
crp:cpe cpe cpe [22] creoles and pidgins, English-based
crp:cpf cpf cpf [23] creoles and pidgins, French-based
crp:cpp cpp cpp [24] creoles and pidgins, Portuguese-based
crp crp crp [25] creoles and pidgins
ssa:csu csu Central Sudanic languages
afa:cus cus cus [26] Cushitic languages
day day day [27] Land Dayak languages not to be confused with Dayak languages, which is a larger group
nic:dmn dmn Mande languages
dra dra dra [28] Dravidian languages
afa:egx egx Egyptian languages
esx esx Eskimo-Aleut languages
euq euq Basque (family) Basque (eu/eus/baq) is an individual language covered by this collection code
urj:fiu fiu fiu [29] Finno-Ugrian languages
map:fox fox Formosan languages
ine:gem gem gem [30] Germanic languages
ine:gem:gme gme East Germanic languages
ine:gem:gmq gmq North Germanic languages
ine:gem:gmw gmw West Germanic languages
ine:grk grk Greek languages
hmx hmx Hmong-Mien languages
nai:hok hok Hokan languages
ine:hyx hyx Armenian (family) Armenian (hy/hye/arm) is an individual language covered by this collection code
ine:iir iir Indo-Iranian languages
nic:alv:ijo ijo ijo [31] Ijo languages
ine:iir:inc inc inc [32] Indic languages
ine ine ine [33] Indo-European languages
ine:iir:ira ira ira [34] Iranian languages
nai:iro iro iro [35] Iroquoian languages
ine:itc itc Italic languages
jpx jpx Japanese (family) Japanese (ja/jpn) is an individual language covered by this collection code
sit:tbq:kar kar kar [36] Karen languages
nic:kdo kdo Kordofanian languages
khi khi khi [37] Khoisan languages
nic:alv:kro kro kro [38] Kru languages
map map map [39] Austronesian languages
aav:mkh mkh mkh [40] Mon-Khmer languages
map:poz:pqw:phi:mno mno mno [41] Manobo languages
aav:mun mun mun [42] Munda languages
cai:myn myn myn [43] Mayan languages
nai:azc:nah nah nah [44] Nahuatl languages
nai nai nai [45] North American Indian languages
paa:ngf ngf Trans-New Guinea languages
nic nic nic [46] Niger-Kordofanian languages
ssa:sdv:nub nub nub [47] Nubian languages
cai:omq omq Oto-Manguean languages
afa:omv omv Omotic languages
cai:omq:oto oto oto [48] Otomian languages
paa paa paa [49] Papuan languages
map:poz:pqw:phi phi phi [50] Philippine languages
map:poz:plf plf Central Malayo-Polynesian languages
map:poz poz Malayo-Polynesian languages
map:poz:pqe pqe Eastern Malayo-Polynesian languages
map:poz:pqw pqw Western Malayo-Polynesian languages
ine:iir:inc:pra pra pra [51] Prakrit languages
sai:qwe qwe Quechuan (family) Quechua (qu/que) is a macrolanguage covered by this collection code
ine:itc:roa roa roa [52] Romance languages
sai sai sai [53] South American Indian languages
nai:sal sal sal [54] Salishan languages
ssa:sdv sdv Eastern Sudanic languages
afa:sem sem sem [55] Semitic languages
sgn sgn sgn [56] sign languages
nai:sio sio sio [57] Siouan languages
sit sit sit [58] Sino-Tibetan languages
ine:sla sla sla [59] Slavic languages
urj:fiu:smi smi smi [60] Sami languages
ssa:son son son [61] Songhai languages
ine:sqj sqj Albanian languages Albanian (sq/sqi/alb) is a macrolanguage covered by this collection code
ssa ssa ssa [62] Nilo-Saharan languages
urj:syd syd Samoyedic languages
tai tai tai [63] Tai languages Thai (th/tha) is an individual language covered by this collection code
sit:tbq tbq Tibeto-Burman languages
tut:trk trk Turkic languages Turkish (tr/tur) is an individual language covered by this collection code
sai:tup tup tup [64] Tupi languages
tut tut tut [65] Altaic languages
tut:tuw tuw Tungus languages
urj urj Uralic languages
nai:wak wak wak [66] Wakashan languages
ine:sla:zlw:wen wen wen [67] Sorbian languages
tut:xgn xgn Mongolian languages Mongolian (mn/mon) is a macrolanguage covered by this collection code
nai:xnd xnd Na-Dene languages
esx:ypk ypk ypk [68] Yupik languages
sit:zhx zhx Chinese (family) Chinese (zh/zho/chi) is a macrolanguage covered by this collection code
ine:sla:zle zle East Slavic languages
ine:sla:zls zls South Slavic languages
ine:sla:zlw zlw West Slavic languages
nic:alv:znd znd znd [69] Zande languages Zande (individual language) (zne) is an individual language covered by this collection code

SIL International treats ISO 639-2 code him (Himachali languages / Western Pahari languages) as an ISO 639-5 code,[70][71] although it does not appear in the official list of ISO 639-5 codes[1] maintained by the Library of Congress (the registration authority for ISO 639-5).

Relationship to other parts of ISO 639

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See also: ISO 639-2 and ISO 639-3

Some of the codes in ISO 639-5 codes are also found in the ISO 639-2 "Alpha-3 code" standard.[72] ISO 639-2 contains codes for some individual languages, some ISO 639 macrolanguage codes, and some collective codes; any code found in ISO 639-2 is also found in either ISO 639-3 or ISO 639-5.

Languages, families, or group codes in ISO 639-2 can be of type "group" (g) or "remainder group" (r). A "group" consists of several related languages; a "remainder group" is a group of several related languages from which some specific languages have been excluded. However, in ISO 639-5, the "remainder groups" do not exclude any languages. Because ISO 639-2 and ISO 639-5 use the same Alpha-3 codes, but do not always refer to the same list of languages for any given code, the languages an Alpha-3 code refers to can not be determined unless it is known whether the code is used in the context of ISO 639-2 or ISO 639-5.

Examples of ISO 639-2 and ISO 639-5 code relationships
Alpha-3 code ISO 639-2 type ISO 639-2 definition ISO 639-5 definition
afa remainder group (r) Afro-Asiatic languages all Afro-Asiatic languages
alg normal group (g) all Algonquian languages all Algonquian languages
sqj not defined not defined Albanian languages

History

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The committee draft of ISO 639-5 was issued on February 23, 2005. Voting on the draft terminated on July 5, 2005; the draft was approved.

In 2006, the target publication date for the final standard was set at October 30, 2007. During the approval stage for the standard, the ISO final draft international standard ballot was not initiated until February 8, 2008. Voting ended on April 10, 2008 ("stage 50.60").

The standard was published on May 15, 2008.

Updates were made in August 2008, February 2009, and February 2013.[2]

Sources

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  • "ISO 639-5 codes ordered by Identifier". ISO 639-5 Registration Authority - Library of Congress. 2013-02-11. Retrieved 2019-01-09.

References

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  1. ^ a b "ISO 639-5 codes ordered by Identifier". ISO 639-5 Registration Authority - Library of Congress. 2013-02-11.
  2. ^ a b "ISO 639-5 Change Notice". Network Development & MARC Standards Office. Library of Congress. Retrieved December 12, 2018.
  3. ^ "ISO 639-5 codes ordered by Identifier". Network Development & MARC Standards Office. Library of Congress. Retrieved December 12, 2018.
  4. ^ "ISO 639-5 Registration Authority". Network Development & MARC Standards Office. Library of Congress. February 18, 2009. Retrieved December 12, 2018.
  5. ^ "ISO 639 identifier: afa". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  6. ^ "ISO 639 identifier: alg". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  7. ^ "ISO 639 identifier: apa". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  8. ^ "ISO 639 identifier: art". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  9. ^ "ISO 639 identifier: ath". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  10. ^ "ISO 639 identifier: aus". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  11. ^ "ISO 639 identifier: bad". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  12. ^ "ISO 639 identifier: bai". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  13. ^ "ISO 639 identifier: bat". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  14. ^ "ISO 639 identifier: ber". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  15. ^ "ISO 639 identifier: bih". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-27.
  16. ^ "ISO 639 identifier: bnt". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  17. ^ "ISO 639 identifier: btk". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  18. ^ "ISO 639 identifier: cai". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  19. ^ "ISO 639 identifier: cau". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  20. ^ "ISO 639 identifier: cel". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  21. ^ "ISO 639 identifier: cmc". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  22. ^ "ISO 639 identifier: cpe". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  23. ^ "ISO 639 identifier: cpf". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  24. ^ "ISO 639 identifier: cpp". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  25. ^ "ISO 639 identifier: crp". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  26. ^ "ISO 639 identifier: cus". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  27. ^ "ISO 639 identifier: day". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  28. ^ "ISO 639 identifier: dra". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  29. ^ "ISO 639 identifier: fiu". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  30. ^ "ISO 639 identifier: gem". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  31. ^ "ISO 639 identifier: ijo". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  32. ^ "ISO 639 identifier: inc". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  33. ^ "ISO 639 identifier: ine". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  34. ^ "ISO 639 identifier: ira". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  35. ^ "ISO 639 identifier: iro". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  36. ^ "ISO 639 identifier: kar". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  37. ^ "ISO 639 identifier: khi". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  38. ^ "ISO 639 identifier: kro". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  39. ^ "ISO 639 identifier: map". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  40. ^ "ISO 639 identifier: mkh". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  41. ^ "ISO 639 identifier: mno". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  42. ^ "ISO 639 identifier: mun". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  43. ^ "ISO 639 identifier: myn". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  44. ^ "ISO 639 identifier: nah". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  45. ^ "ISO 639 identifier: nai". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  46. ^ "ISO 639 identifier: nic". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  47. ^ "ISO 639 identifier: nub". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  48. ^ "ISO 639 identifier: oto". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  49. ^ "ISO 639 identifier: paa". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  50. ^ "ISO 639 identifier: phi". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  51. ^ "ISO 639 identifier: pra". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  52. ^ "ISO 639 identifier: roa". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  53. ^ "ISO 639 identifier: sai". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  54. ^ "ISO 639 identifier: sal". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  55. ^ "ISO 639 identifier: sem". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  56. ^ "ISO 639 identifier: sgn". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  57. ^ "ISO 639 identifier: sio". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  58. ^ "ISO 639 identifier: sit". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  59. ^ "ISO 639 identifier: sla". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  60. ^ "ISO 639 identifier: smi". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  61. ^ "ISO 639 identifier: son". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  62. ^ "ISO 639 identifier: ssa". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  63. ^ "ISO 639 identifier: tai". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  64. ^ "ISO 639 identifier: tup". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  65. ^ "ISO 639 identifier: tut". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  66. ^ "ISO 639 identifier: wak". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  67. ^ "ISO 639 identifier: wen". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  68. ^ "ISO 639 identifier: ypk". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  69. ^ "ISO 639 identifier: znd". SIL International. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  70. ^ "ISO 639 identifier: him". SIL International. Retrieved 2019-01-09. Code set: 639-2 and 639-5
  71. ^ "Issues to Resolve in ISO 639" (PDF). SIL International. 2004-08-14.
  72. ^ "Annex A: Groups and remainder groups in ISO 639-2". Network Development & MARC Standards Office. Library of Congress. Retrieved December 12, 2018.
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