Gregor Wentzel
Gregor Wentzel | |
|---|---|
| Born | 17 February 1898 |
| Died | 12 August 1978 (aged 80) |
| Nationality | German |
| Alma mater | University of Greifswald Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich |
| Known for | Quantum field theory Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin approximation |
| Awards | Max Planck Medal (1975) |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Physics |
| Institutions | Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich University of Leipzig University of Zurich University of Chicago |
| Doctoral advisor | Arnold Sommerfeld |
| Doctoral students | Valentine Bargmann Markus Fierz Res Jost Nicholas Kemmer Felix Villars |
Gregor Wentzel (17 February 1898 – 12 August 1978) was a German physicist known for development of quantum mechanics. Wentzel, Hendrik Kramers, and Léon Brillouin developed the Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin approximation in 1926. In his early years, he contributed to X-ray spectroscopy, but then broadened out to make contributions to quantum mechanics, quantum electrodynamics, superconductivity and meson theory.[1][2][3][4]
Biography
[edit]Early life and family
[edit]Gregor Wentzel was born in Düsseldorf, Germany, as the first of four children of Joseph and Anna Wentzel. He married Anna Lauretta Wielich[5] and his only child, Donat Wentzel, was born in 1934. The family moved to the United States in 1948 until he and Anny returned to Ascona, Switzerland in 1970.[6]
Education and academia
[edit]Wentzel began his university education in mathematics and physics in 1916, at the University of Freiburg. During 1917 and 1918, he served in the armed forces during World War I. He then resumed his education at Freiburg until 1919, when he went to the University of Greifswald. In 1920, he went to the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU) to study under Arnold Sommerfeld. Wentzel was awarded his doctorate in 1921[7] and completed his Habilitation in 1922. He remained at LMU as a Privatdozent until he was called to the University of Leipzig in 1926 as an extraordinarius professor of mathematical physics.
He became ordinarius professor in the Chair for Theoretical Physics, at the University of Zurich, when he succeeded Erwin Schrödinger, in 1928, the same year Wolfgang Pauli was appointed to the ETH Zurich. Together, Wentzel and Pauli built the reputation of Zurich as a center for theoretical physics. In 1948, Wentzel took a professorship at the University of Chicago. He retired in 1970 and went to spend his last years in Ascona, Switzerland.
Research
[edit]In 1926, Wentzel,[8] Hendrik Kramers,[9] and Léon Brillouin[10] independently developed what became known as the Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin approximation, also known as the WKB approximation, classical approach, and phase integral method.[11] Wentzel is also known for his contributions to photoemission[12] and scattering theory.[13] Late career work includes contributions to the discussion of gauge invariant theories of superconductivity.[14]
Awards and honors
[edit]In 1975, Wentzel was awarded the Max Planck Medal.
Bibliography
[edit]Books
[edit]- Gregor Wentzel. Einführung in die Quantentheorie der Wellenfelder. Franz Deuticke, 1943, 1946. Ann Arbor, Michigan: J.w. Edwards, 1943, 1946. (Translated by Charlotte Houtermans[15] and J. M. Jauch, with an Appendix by J. M. Jauch. Quantum Theory of Fields. Interscience, 1949. Dover, 2003.) ISBN 0-486-43245-9
- Gregor Wentzel. Lectures on Strong Coupling Meson Theory at the University of Rochester. 1954.
- Gregor Wentzel and notes by K. K. Gupta. Lectures on Special Topics in Field Theory. Lectures on Mathematics and Physics: Physics. Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, 1957.
- Gregor Wentzel. Lectures on Special Topics in Quantum Mechanics. Lectures on Mathematics and Physics. Physics, 3. Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, 1965.
Articles
[edit]- Arnold Sommerfeld and Gregor Wentzel. Über reguläre und irreguläre Dublett, Zeitschrift für Physik 7 86–92 (1921) as cited in Sommerfeld Bibliography.
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ Mehra. Volume 1, Part 1, 2001, p. 356.
- ^ Gregor Wentzel Archived 2009-11-09 at the Wayback Machine – ETH Bibliothek.
- ^ Jungnickel. Volume 2, 1990, p. 368.
- ^ Telegdi, V. L. (November 1978). "Obituary: Gregor Wentzel". Physics Today. 31 (11): 85–86. Bibcode:1978PhT....31k..85T. doi:10.1063/1.2994844. Archived from the original on 2013-09-27.
- ^ "Wentzel, Gregor".
- ^ "Gregor Wentzel – NAS". www.nasonline.org/.
- ^ Dissertation title: Zur Systematik der Röntgenspekten.
- ^ Gregor Wentzel. Eine Verallgemeinerun der Quantenbedingungen für die Zwecke der Wellenmechanik, Z. Physik. 38 518–529 (1926). As cited in Mehra, 2001, Volume 5, Part 2, p. 961.
- ^ H. A. Kramers. Wellenmechanik und halbzahlige Quantisierung, Z. Physik. 39 828–840 (1926). As cieted in Mehra, 2001, Volume 5, Part 2, p. 920.
- ^ Léon Brillouin. La mécanique ondulatoire de Schrödinger; une méthode générale de resolution par approximations successives, Comptes rendus (Paris) 183 24–26 (1926). As cieted in Mehra, 2001, Volume 5, Part 2, p. 882.
- ^ Schiff. 1968, p. 269.
- ^ Wentzel, Gregor (1926). "Zur Theorie des photoelektrischen Effekts". Z. Physics. 40 (8): 574–589. Bibcode:1926ZPhy...40..574W. doi:10.1007/BF01390456.
- ^ Wentzel, Gregor (1926). "Zwei Bemerkungen über die Zerstreuung korpuskularer Strahlen als Beugungserscheinung". Z. Phys. 40 (8): 590–593. Bibcode:1926ZPhy...40..590W. doi:10.1007/BF01390457.
- ^ Wentzel, Gregor (1959). "Problem of Gauge Invariance in the Theory of the Meissner Effect". Physical Review Letters. 2 (2): 33–34. Bibcode:1959PhRvL...2...33W. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.2.33.
- ^ Charlotte Houtermans nee Riefenstahl was married to Fritz Houtermans.
References
[edit]- Jungnickel, Christa and Russell McCormmach. Intellectual Mastery of Nature: Theoretical Physics from Ohm to Einstein, Volume 1: The Torch of Mathematics, 1800 to 1870. University of Chicago Press, paper cover, 1990. ISBN 0-226-41582-1
- Jungnickel, Christa and Russell McCormmach. Intellectual Mastery of Nature. Theoretical Physics from Ohm to Einstein, Volume 2: The Now Mighty Theoretical Physics, 1870 to 1925. University of Chicago Press, Paper cover, 1990. ISBN 0-226-41585-6
- Mehra, Jagdish, and Helmut Rechenberg. The Historical Development of Quantum Theory. Volume 1 Part 1 The Quantum Theory of Planck, Einstein, Bohr and Sommerfeld 1900–1925: Its Foundation and the Rise of Its Difficulties. Springer, 2001. ISBN 0-387-95174-1
- Mehra, Jagdish, and Helmut Rechenberg. The Historical Development of Quantum Theory. Volume 5 Erwin Schrödinger and the Rise of Wave Mechanics. Part 2 Schrödinger in Vienna and Zurich 1887–1925. Springer, 2001. ISBN 0-387-95180-6
- Schiff, Leonard I. Quantum Mechanics. McGraw-Hill, 3rd edition, 1968.
Further reading
[edit]- Peter G. O. Freund, Charles J. Goebel, and Yoichiro Nambu, Editors. Quanta: Collection of Papers Dedicated to Gregor Wentzel. University of Chicago Press, 1970.
External links
[edit]- Thomas S. Kuhn. Oral History Transcript – Gregor Wentzel. Archived 2015-01-12 at the Wayback Machine Niels Bohr Library and Archives, American Institute of Physics, 1964.
- Peter G. O. Freund, Charles J. Goebel, Yoichiro Nambu, and Reinhard Oehme. Gregor Wentzel 1898–1978 – A Biographical Memoir. National Academy of Sciences, 2009.
- S.Antoci and D.-E.Liebscher. The Third Way to Quantum Mechanics is the Forgotten First. Annales Fond.Broglie 21 (1996) 349.
- Gregor Wentzel – ETH Bibliothek.
- Gregor Wentzel at Find a Grave
- 1898 births
- 1978 deaths
- 20th-century German physicists
- German quantum physicists
- Academic staff of the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich
- Academic staff of Leipzig University
- Academic staff of the University of Zurich
- University of Chicago faculty
- University of Greifswald alumni
- Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich alumni
- German theoretical physicists
- Mathematical physicists
- Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
- Winners of the Max Planck Medal