Abstract
The exfoliation of graphite is a phase transition involving the vaporization of the intercalate in the graphite. Exfoliated graphite is an expanded graphite with a low density. This paper reviews the process of the exfoliation of graphite and the exfoliated graphite material. It surveys the applications of exfoliated graphite, covers both reversible and irreversible exfoliation and reviews the methods and mechanism of exfoliation. Other topics include the structure and properties of exfoliated graphite, graphite foils, exfoliated carbon fibres and composites.
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.References
J. H. Shane, R. J. Russell andR. A. Bochman, US Patent 3 404 061 (1968).
Z. Huang, Runhua Yu Mifeng Vol.6 (1981) pp. 28–32.
L. Shi andY. Fan, Runhua Yu Mifeng Vol.27 (1981) pp. 17–24, 70.
R. K. Flitney,Tribology Int. 19 (1986) 181.
T and N Materials Research Ltd, Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 57 168 978 (1982).
Nippon Pillar Packing Co. Ltd, Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 58 124 863 (1983).
A. Hirschvogel, Ger. Offen. DE 3 244 595 (1984).
Nippon Steel Corp., Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 57 164 279 (1982).
Nippon Pillar Packing Co. Ltd, Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo JP 59 68 387 (1984).
Cesa SA, UK Patent 1 588 876 (1981).
Furukawa Electric Co., Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 58 17 284 (1983).
H. Mikami, Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 76 96 793 (1976).
Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals, Inc., Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 59 81 349 (1984).
Kao Corp., Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 59 78 204 (1984).
Hitachi Chemical Co. Ltd, Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 58 58 278 (1983).
A. W. Atkinson, UK Patent Application GE 2 128 629 (1984).
W. L. Garrett, J. Sharma, J. Pinto andH. Prask, Report ARL CD-TR-81008, AD-E400 617 (National Technical Information Service of USA, 1981).
Fukubi Kagaku Kogyo KK, Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 57 49 367 (1982).
N. Watanabe, A. Izumi andT. Nakajima,Kenkyu Hokoku-Asahi Garasu Kogyo Gijutsu Shoreikai 39 (1981) 15.
M. B. Dowell, Ext. Abstract Programme — Biennial Conference on Carbon, Vol. 13 (American Carbon Society, 1977) pp. 136, 137.
R. Clarke, P. M. Horn, S. E. Nagler andT. F. Rosenbaum,J. Appl. Phys. 55 (1984) 1231.
N. N. Argul', N. V. Kovaleva, I. L. Mar'yasin andG. A. Mishina,Colloid J. USSR 44 (1982) 274.
W. H. Martin andJ. E. Brocklehurst,Carbon 1 (1964) 133.
C. Mazieres, G. Colin, J. Jegoudez andR. Setton,ibid. 13 (1975) 289.
S. H. Anderson andD. D. L. Chung,ibid. 22 (1984) 253.
idem andD. D. L. Chung,Synth. Met. 8 (1983) 343.
J. W. Aylesworth, US Patent 1 191 383 (1916).
A. R. Ubbelohde,Br. Coal Util. Res. Assoc. Gaz. 51 (1964) 1.
Hitachi Chemical Co. Ltd, Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 59 69 413 (1984).
B. Findeisen andM. Thomasius, Ger. (East) DD 150 739 (1981).
A. Hirschvogel andH. Zimmermann, European Patent Application EP 87 489 (1983).
M. B. Dowell, Ext. Abstract Programme — Biennial Conferences on Carbon, Vol. 12 (American Carbon Society, 1975) pp. 31, 32.
S. F. McKay,J. Appl. Phys. 35 (1964) 1992.
M. Inagaki and Toyo Carbon Co. Ltd, Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 58 156 515 (1983).
M. Inagaki, K. Muramatsu, Y. Maeda andK. Maekawa,Synth. Met. 8 (1983) 335.
D. D. L. Chung andLan W. Wong,Carbon 24 (1986) 639.
S. H. Anderson andD. D. L. Chung,ibid. 22 (1984) 613.
Z. Xu andX. Mo, Ext. Abstract Programme — Biennial Conferences on Carbon, Vol. 17 (American Carbon Society, 1985) pp. 59, 60.
H. Jimenez-Gonzalez, J. S. Speck, G. Roth, M. S. Dresselhaus andM. Endo,Carbon 24 (1986) 627.
K. Aoki, T. Hirai andS. Yajima,J. Mater. Sci. 6 (1971) 140.
M. B. Dowell, Ext. Abstract Programme — Biennial Conference on Carbon, Vol.12 (1975) p. 35.
D. D. L. Chung,Carbon 25 (1987) 361.
C. Mazieres, G. Colin, J. Jegoudez andR. Setton,ibid. 14 (1976) 176.
L. W. Wong andD. D. L. Chung, unpublished results (1986).
D. D. L. Chung, G. Dresselhaus andM. S. Dresselhaus,Mater. Sci. Eng. 31 (1977) 107.
D. D. L. Chung andL. W. Wong,Int. J. Thermophys. in press.
Y. Higashida andK. Kamada,J. Nucl. Mater. 73 (1978) 30.
J. G. Hooley,Nature 190 (1961) 529.
N. Daumas andA. Herold,CR Acad. Sci. C268 (1969) 373.
L. C. Olsen, S. E. Seeman andH. W. Scott,Carbon 8 (1970) 85.
R. E. Stevens, S. Ross andS. P. Wesson,ibid. 11 (1973) 525.
D. D. L. Chung andL. W. Wong,Synth. Met. 12 (1985) 533.
C. Uhur andL. M. Sander,Phys. Rev. B27 (1983) 1326.
C. Uhur,ibid. B25 (1982) 4167.
K. Miyauchi, Y. Takahashi andT. Mukaibo,Carbon 9 (1971) 807.
K. Miyauchi andY. Takahashi,ibid. 14 (1976) 35.
A. Marchand andP. Espelette, Ext. Abstract Programme — Biennial Conference of Carbon, Vol. 17 (American Carbon Society, 1985) pp. 67, 68.
D. D. L. Chung andLan W. Wong,Carbon 24 (1986) 443.
M. B. Dowell andR. A. Howard,ibid. 24 (1986) 311.
S. A. Alfer, A. S. Skoropanov, A. A. Vecher, L. S. Malei andM. D. Malei,Thermochim. Acta 88 (1985) 489.
J. W. Alysworth, US Patent 1 137 373 (1915).
L. W. Wong andD. D. L. Chung, in Proceedings of 18th International SAMPE Technical Conference, Covina, California, 1986, pp. 114–123.
Y. S. Wang, M. A. O'Gurkis andJ. T. Lindt,Polym. Compos. 7 (1986) 349.
D. Berger, B. Carton, A. Metrot andA. Herold, in “Chemistry and Physics of Carbon”, Vol. 12, edited by P. L. Walker Jr and P. A. Thrower (1975).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Chung, D.D.L. Exfoliation of graphite. J Mater Sci 22, 4190–4198 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01132008
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01132008