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Link to original content: https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99804-2_14
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Right-Wing Extremists’ Use of the Internet: Emerging Trends in the Empirical Literature

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Right-Wing Extremism in Canada and the United States

Part of the book series: Palgrave Hate Studies ((PAHS))

Abstract

This chapter summarizes the emerging trends in the empirical literature on right-wing extremists’ use of the Internet. These trends are organized into five core uses identified by (Conway, 2006): information provision, networking, recruitment, financing, and information gathering. Highlighted throughout this chapter are key gaps in the empirical literature and suggestions for progressing research in this regard.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    It is worth noting here that there are large and growing RWE constituencies outside of the West, including in, for example, Brazil, India, and the Philippines, that also have substantial online presences and that insufficient attention has been paid to by researchers to-date. However, notable exceptions include a recent examination of Islamophobic sentiment expressed by far-right Indian diaspora supporters on Twitter (see Leidig 2019).

  2. 2.

    Following Berger (2018a), we take the view that RWEs—like all extremists—structure their beliefs on the basis that the success and survival of the in-group are inseparable from the negative acts of an out-group and, in turn, they are willing to assume both an offensive and defensive stance in the name of the success and survival of the in-group. We thus conceptualize Western right-wing extremism as a racially, ethnically, and/or sexually defined nationalism, which is typically framed in terms of white power and/or white identity (i.e., the in-group) that is grounded in xenophobic and exclusionary understandings of the perceived threats posed by some combination of non-whites, Jews, Muslims, immigrants, refugees, members of the LGBTQI + community, and feminists (i.e., the out-group(s)) (Conway et al. 2019).

  3. 3.

    These included the U.S. mail bomb scare, the shooting dead of two African-Americans in a Kentucky supermarket, and the Pittsburgh synagogue attack, all of which took place within days of each other in October 2018.

  4. 4.

    They too have been early adopters of various ‘traditional’ media tools, from print to digital, to mark territory, intimidate some audiences, connect with other (sympathetic) audiences, radicalize, and even recruit (see Scrivens and Conway 2019).

  5. 5.

    This is according to Statista’s ‘Most Popular Social Networks Worldwide’ as of July 2019.

  6. 6.

    See https://www.alexa.com/topsites for the site’s global ranking.

  7. 7.

    Subreddits are subsidiary forums focusing on a specific topic within the overall Reddit forum.

  8. 8.

    WeSearchr has carried out several major RWE fundraising campaigns, including The Daily Stormer founder Andrew Anglin raising over $150,000 for his legal defense against a Southern Poverty Law Center lawsuit (Castillo 2017).

  9. 9.

    Cryptocurrencies are a digital form of currency that are ‘mostly’ built on blockchain technology (Whyte 2019).

  10. 10.

    Tor is free and open-source software that allows users to browse and communicate online anonymously.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA

    Ryan Scrivens, Tiana Gaudette & Thomas J. Holt

  2. Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland

    Maura Conway

  3. Swansea University, Swansea, UK

    Maura Conway

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  1. Ryan Scrivens
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Correspondence to Ryan Scrivens .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Social Science and Humanities, University of Ontario, Oshawa, ON, Canada

    Barbara Perry

  2. Department of Sociology & Criminology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA

    Jeff Gruenewald

  3. School of Criminal Justice, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA

    Ryan Scrivens

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Scrivens, R., Gaudette, T., Conway, M., Holt, T.J. (2022). Right-Wing Extremists’ Use of the Internet: Emerging Trends in the Empirical Literature. In: Perry, B., Gruenewald, J., Scrivens, R. (eds) Right-Wing Extremism in Canada and the United States . Palgrave Hate Studies. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99804-2_14

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