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Link to original content: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2402.12756
[2402.12756] Static vs. Dynamic Databases for Indoor Localization based on Wi-Fi Fingerprinting: A Discussion from a Data Perspective
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Computer Science > Machine Learning

arXiv:2402.12756 (cs)
[Submitted on 20 Feb 2024]

Title:Static vs. Dynamic Databases for Indoor Localization based on Wi-Fi Fingerprinting: A Discussion from a Data Perspective

Authors:Zhe Tang, Ruocheng Gu, Sihao Li, Kyeong Soo Kim, Jeremy S. Smith
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Abstract:Wi-Fi fingerprinting has emerged as the most popular approach to indoor localization. The use of ML algorithms has greatly improved the localization performance of Wi-Fi fingerprinting, but its success depends on the availability of fingerprint databases composed of a large number of RSSIs, the MAC addresses of access points, and the other measurement information. However, most fingerprint databases do not reflect well the time varying nature of electromagnetic interferences in complicated modern indoor environment. This could result in significant changes in statistical characteristics of training/validation and testing datasets, which are often constructed at different times, and even the characteristics of the testing datasets could be different from those of the data submitted by users during the operation of localization systems after their deployment. In this paper, we consider the implications of time-varying Wi-Fi fingerprints on indoor localization from a data-centric point of view and discuss the differences between static and dynamic databases. As a case study, we have constructed a dynamic database covering three floors of the IR building of XJTLU based on RSSI measurements, over 44 days, and investigated the differences between static and dynamic databases in terms of statistical characteristics and localization performance. The analyses based on variance calculations and Isolation Forest show the temporal shifts in RSSIs, which result in a noticeable trend of the increase in the localization error of a Gaussian process regression model with the maximum error of 6.65 m after 14 days of training without model adjustments. The results of the case study with the XJTLU dynamic database clearly demonstrate the limitations of static databases and the importance of the creation and adoption of dynamic databases for future indoor localization research and real-world deployment.
Comments: 10 pages, 5 figures, Invited paper with Excellent Paper Award to be presented at ICAIIC 2024, Osaka, Japan, Feb. 19--22, 2023
Subjects: Machine Learning (cs.LG); Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
Cite as: arXiv:2402.12756 [cs.LG]
  (or arXiv:2402.12756v1 [cs.LG] for this version)
  https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2402.12756

Submission history

From: Kyeong Soo Kim [view email]
[v1] Tue, 20 Feb 2024 06:49:43 UTC (248 KB)
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