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R. R. Oltjen, D. A. Dinius, Processed Poultry Waste Compared With Uric Acid, Sodium Urate, Urea and Biuret As Nitrogen Supplements for Beef Cattle Fed Forage Diets, Journal of Animal Science, Volume 43, Issue 1, July 1976, Pages 201–208, https://doi.org/10.2527/jas1976.431201x
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Summary
Poultry waste products processed to recover compounds for industrial and medicinal uses were compared with four non-protein nitrogen sources as nitrogen supplements for beef cattle fed forage diets. In a metabolism trial, steers fed 50% of their dietary nitrogen from uric acid, sodium urate or a processed poultry waste product (containing 28% uric acid) digested dry matter, fiber and nitrogen equally well. Steers fed the diet containing poultry waste had greater urinary nitrogen losses and retained less nitrogen (P<05) than those fed the diet containing sodium urate. Ruminal fluid pH of fistulated steers from pre-feeding through 7 hr post-feeding was not different (P>.10) among treatments, but ammonia concentration averaged the highest (P<.05) for steers fed the poultry waste.
During a 90-day growth trial, steers fed 40% of their dietary nitrogen from two processed poultry waste products gained weight more (P<.05) rapidly and efficiently than steers fed similar dietary percentages of nitrogen from either urea or biuret. The results from a second metabolism trial confirmed this trend, but nitrogen retention was not different (P>.05) due to nitrogen source. Neither the concentration of plasma free amino acids nor the concentration of ruminal fluid volatile fatty acids differed (P>.05) among treatments. Results in an adaptation study indicate that ruminal microbes could not readily degrade biuret after 4 days of adaptation to the diet; but after 28 days, ruminal ammonia concentrations averaged 30% higher with steers fed biuret than with those fed urea. Results of these trials indicate that poultry waste that has been processed to recover compounds for industrial and medicinal uses is similar to uric acid and sodium urate but superior to urea or biuret when used as nitrogen supplements for beef cattle fed forage diets.
