Variational quantum algorithm for unconstrained black box binary optimization: Application to feature selection

Christa Zoufal; Ryan V. Mishmash; Nitin Sharma; Niraj Kumar; Aashish Sheshadri; Amol Deshmukh; Noelle Ibrahim; Julien Gacon; Stefan Woerner

doi:10.22331/q-2023-01-26-909

Variational quantum algorithm for unconstrained black box binary optimization: Application to feature selection

Christa Zoufal¹, Ryan V. Mishmash², Nitin Sharma³, Niraj Kumar³, Aashish Sheshadri³, Amol Deshmukh⁴, Noelle Ibrahim⁴, Julien Gacon^5,6, and Stefan Woerner⁵

¹IBM Quantum, IBM Research Europe – Zurich
²IBM Quantum, Almaden Research Center – Almaden
³PayPal – San Jose
⁴IBM Quantum, Thomas J. Watson Research Center – Yorktown Heights
⁵IBM Quantum, IBM Research – Zurich
⁶Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)

Published:	2023-01-26, volume 7, page 909
Eprint:	arXiv:2205.03045v3
Doi:	https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2023-01-26-909
Citation:	Quantum 7, 909 (2023).

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Abstract

We introduce a variational quantum algorithm to solve unconstrained black box binary optimization problems, i.e., problems in which the objective function is given as black box. This is in contrast to the typical setting of quantum algorithms for optimization where a classical objective function is provided as a given Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization problem and mapped to a sum of Pauli operators. Furthermore, we provide theoretical justification for our method based on convergence guarantees of quantum imaginary time evolution.

To investigate the performance of our algorithm and its potential advantages, we tackle a challenging real-world optimization problem: $\textit{feature selection}$. This refers to the problem of selecting a subset of relevant features to use for constructing a predictive model such as fraud detection. Optimal feature selection---when formulated in terms of a generic loss function---offers little structure on which to build classical heuristics, thus resulting primarily in ‘greedy methods’. This leaves room for (near-term) quantum algorithms to be competitive to classical state-of-the-art approaches. We apply our quantum-optimization-based feature selection algorithm, termed VarQFS, to build a predictive model for a credit risk data set with $20$ and $59$ input features (qubits) and train the model using quantum hardware and tensor-network-based numerical simulations, respectively. We show that the quantum method produces competitive and in certain aspects even better performance compared to traditional feature selection techniques used in today's industry.

► BibTeX data

@article{Zoufal2023variationalquantum,
  doi = {10.22331/q-2023-01-26-909},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2023-01-26-909},
  title = {Variational quantum algorithm for unconstrained black box binary optimization: {A}pplication to feature selection},
  author = {Zoufal, Christa and Mishmash, Ryan V. and Sharma, Nitin and Kumar, Niraj and Sheshadri, Aashish and Deshmukh, Amol and Ibrahim, Noelle and Gacon, Julien and Woerner, Stefan},
  journal = {{Quantum}},
  issn = {2521-327X},
  publisher = {{Verein zur F{\"{o}}rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften}},
  volume = {7},
  pages = {909},
  month = jan,
  year = {2023}
}

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