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Link to original content: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12083-011-0110-x
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Pulp: An adaptive gossip-based dissemination protocol for multi-source message streams

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Abstract

Gossip-based protocols provide a simple, scalable, and robust way to disseminate messages in large-scale systems. In such protocols, messages are spread in an epidemic manner. Gossiping may take place between nodes using push, pull, or a combination. Push-based systems achieve reasonable latency and high resilience to failures but may impose an unnecessarily large redundancy and overhead on the system. At the other extreme, pull-based protocols impose a lower overhead on the network at the price of increased latencies. A few hybrid approaches have been proposed—typically pushing control messages and pulling data—to avoid the redundancy of high-volume content and single-source streams. Yet, to the best of our knowledge, no other system intermingles push and pull in a multiple-senders scenario, in such a way that data messages of one help in carrying control messages of the other and in adaptively adjusting its rate of operation, further reducing overall cost and improving both on delays and robustness. In this paper, we propose an efficient generic push-pull dissemination protocol, Pulp, which combines the best of both worlds. Pulp exploits the efficiency of push approaches, while limiting redundant messages and therefore imposing a low overhead, as pull protocols do. Pulp leverages the dissemination of multiple messages from diverse sources: by exploiting the push phase of messages to transmit information about other disseminations, Pulp enables an efficient pulling of other messages, which themselves help in turn with the dissemination of pending messages. We deployed Pulp on a cluster and on PlanetLab. Our results demonstrate that Pulp achieves an appealing trade-off between coverage, message redundancy, and propagation delay.

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Notes

  1. These probabilities are studied in the equivalent Coupons Collector problem, where a collector keeps selecting at random out of n different coupons with replacement, and the number of trials until all coupons have been selected at least once is measured.

  2. In our experiments Cyclon converged in no more than 20 “cyclon rounds”, that is 100 s, and remained converged thereafter even at experiments involving churn.

  3. In our experiments Cyclon traffic accounted for an average of 24 bytes/s per node, as explained in Section 4.1.

  4. We chose this value of 4 to 5% as they allow for a low latency dissemination with only very few duplicates. Using larger values do not reduce the delays further but significantly increase duplicate counts. This choice is experimentally justified in Section 4.2.

  5. Due to the high load on our cluster, periods are not exactly respected by the machine’s scheduler. This explains that the last message is sent at around 408 s and not 400 as expected.

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Acknowledgements

This work was carried out during the tenure of Étienne Rivière’s ERCIM (European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics) “Alain Bensoussan” fellowship. This work is supported in part by the Swiss National Foundation Grant 102819.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut d’Informatique, Université de Neuchâtel, Émile-Argand 11, 2009, Neuchâtel, Switzerland

    Pascal Felber, Lorenzo Leonini & Etienne Rivière

  2. INRIA Rennes-Bretagne Atlantique, Campus Universitaire de Beaulieu, 35042, Rennes Cedex, France

    Anne-Marie Kermarrec

  3. Computer Science Department, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Spyros Voulgaris

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  1. Pascal Felber
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  2. Anne-Marie Kermarrec
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  4. Etienne Rivière
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Correspondence to Etienne Rivière.

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Felber, P., Kermarrec, AM., Leonini, L. et al. Pulp: An adaptive gossip-based dissemination protocol for multi-source message streams. Peer-to-Peer Netw. Appl. 5, 74–91 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12083-011-0110-x

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