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Link to original content: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11760-023-02610-2
Development of scalable coding on encrypted images using BTC for different non-overlapping block size | Signal, Image and Video Processing Skip to main content
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Development of scalable coding on encrypted images using BTC for different non-overlapping block size

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Abstract

In this paper, the novelty of scalable coding of encrypted images (S.C.E.I) using Block Truncation Code (BTC) for different non-overlapping block sizes is investigated. Initially, the original content of the image of size 512 × 512 is split into different non-overlapping block (N.O.B.) sizes of 2 × 2, 4 × 4, 8 × 8 and 16 × 16. Then each N.O.B. size will undergo image compression using a BTC followed by encryption using pseudo-random number (PN) at the transmitter side. The original content is reconstructed at the receiver by the following stages: the transmitted content is decrypted by PN, which is shared by the transmitter, then the BTC technique for image reconstruction is applied, further there is the application of scaling and the bilinear interpolation techniques. While making an analogy, it is observed that the non-overlapping block of size 4 × 4 is best suitable for image encryption procedures/applications than the 2 × 2 size in terms of lesser memory size and storage space requirements; even though better MSE, wMSE, PSNR, wPSNR, compression ratio and bit rates are delivered by the non-overlapping block of 2 × 2 size.

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Funding

This work was supported by the British Heart Foundation Accelerator Award, UK (AA/18/3/34220); Royal Society International Exchanges Cost Share Award, UK (RP202G0230); Hope Foundation for Cancer Research, UK (RM60G0680); Medical Research Council Confidence in Concept Award, UK (MC_PC_17171); Sino-UK Industrial Fund, UK (RP202G0289); Global Challenges Research Fund (GCRF), UK (P202PF11); LIAS Pioneering Partnerships award, UK (P202ED10); Data Science Enhancement Fund, UK (P202RE237); Fight for Sight, UK (24NN201); Sino-UK Education Fund, UK (OP202006).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of ECE, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Srivilliputhur, India

    Jeya Bright Pankiraj & Pallikonda Rajasekaran Murugan

  2. Department of BME, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Srivilliputhur, India

    Vishnuvarthanan Govindaraj & R. Kottaimalai

  3. F26, Informatics Building, School of Informatics, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, UK

    Yudong Zhang

  4. Data Science - Division, School of Computing Science and Engineering, VIT Bhopal University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India

    Vishnuvarthanan Govindaraj

Authors
  1. Jeya Bright Pankiraj
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  2. Vishnuvarthanan Govindaraj
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  3. Yudong Zhang
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  4. Pallikonda Rajasekaran Murugan
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  5. R. Kottaimalai
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Contributions

JBP—paper writing and methodology, VG, YZ—methodology, PRM, RK—paper writing.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Vishnuvarthanan Govindaraj or Yudong Zhang.

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Conflict of interest

There are no competing interests regarding the subject matter/core part of the research being proposed through this paper, and there are no direct/indirect financial involvements or competing interests in relevance throughout the articulation/preparation of this research paper.

Ethical approval

This research article does not require any ethical clearance or approval at any means, and the article is no way connected or not requires any of the testing/trials to be done on human or animal subjects, and it is mere technological oriented study that intends to improve the quality of the image compression through encoding and decoding techniques to augment secure data transmission over the internet facility or via any other public domains.

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Pankiraj, J.B., Govindaraj, V., Zhang, Y. et al. Development of scalable coding on encrypted images using BTC for different non-overlapping block size. SIViP 17, 3821–3828 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11760-023-02610-2

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