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Link to original content: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-014-0815-8
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Iron bioavailability from commercially available iron supplements

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Abstract

Purpose

Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) is a global public health problem. Treatment with the standard of care ferrous iron salts may be poorly tolerated, leading to non-compliance and ineffective correction of IDA. Employing supplements with higher bioavailability might permit lower doses of iron to be used with fewer side effects, thus improving treatment efficacy. Here, we compared the iron bioavailability of ferrous sulphate tablets with alternative commercial iron products, including three liquid-based supplements.

Methods

Iron bioavailability was measured using Caco-2 cells with ferritin formation as a surrogate marker for iron uptake. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA followed by either Dunnett’s or Tukey’s multiple comparisons tests.

Results

Spatone Apple® (a naturally iron-rich mineral water with added ascorbate) and Iron Vital F® (a synthetic liquid iron supplement) had the highest iron bioavailability. There was no statistical difference between iron uptake from ferrous sulphate tablets, Spatone® (naturally iron-rich mineral water alone) and Pregnacare Original® (a multimineral/multivitamin tablet).

Conclusion

In our in vitro model, naturally iron-rich mineral waters and synthetic liquid iron formulations have equivalent or better bioavailability compared with ferrous iron sulphate tablets. If these results are confirmed in vivo, this would mean that at-risk groups of IDA could be offered a greater choice of more bioavailable and potentially better tolerated iron preparations.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Faculty of Engineering and Science at the University of Greenwich, and the Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division at King’s College London. We thank David Scott Ganis for assistance with statistical and numerical analysis.

Conflict of interest

On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Life and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Medway Campus, Chatham Maritime, Kent, UK

    Tatiana Christides & Richard McBride

  2. Department of Pharmaceutical, Chemical and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Medway Campus, Chatham Maritime, Kent, UK

    David Wray

  3. Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, Metal Metabolism Group, School of Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK

    Rose Fairweather & Paul Sharp

Authors
  1. Tatiana Christides
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Correspondence to Tatiana Christides.

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Christides, T., Wray, D., McBride, R. et al. Iron bioavailability from commercially available iron supplements. Eur J Nutr 54, 1345–1352 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-014-0815-8

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