Abstract
Two methods are proposed, one for the location of saddle points and one for the calculation of steepest-descent paths on multidimensional surfaces. Both methods are based on a constrained simplex optimization technique that avoids the evaluation of gradients or second derivative matrices. Three chemical reactions of increasing structural complexity are studied within the PRDDO SCF approximation. Predicted properties of reaction hypersurfaces are in good overall agreement with those determined by gradient minimization and gradient following algorithms in connection with various ab initio SCF methods. Computational efforts required by the new procedures are discussed.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Empedocles, P.: Intern. J. Quantum Chem. 3S, 47 (1969)
Dewar, M. J. S., Kirschner, S.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 93, 4290, 4291, 4292 (1971)
Ermer, O.: Struct. Bonding (Berlin) 27, 161, 202 (1976)
McIver, Jr., J. W., Komornicki, A.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 94, 2625 (1972)
Komornicki, A., McIver, Jr., J. W.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 96, 5798 (1974)
Fukui, K.: J. Phys. Chem. 74, 4161 (1970)
Fukui, K., Kato, S., Fujimoto, H.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 97, 1 (1975)
Pearson, P. K., Schaefer III, H. F., Wahlgren, U.: J. Chem. Phys. 62, 350 (1975)
Ishida, K., Morokuma, K., Komornicki, A.: J. Chem. Phys. 66, 2153 (1977)
Basilevsky, M. V.: Chem. Phys. 24, 81 (1977)
Tachibana, A., Fukui, K.: Theoret. Chim. Acta (Berl.) 49, 321 (1978)
Murrell, J. N.: Struct. Bonding (Berl.) 32, 93, 100 (1977)
Dixon, L. C. W.: Nonlinear optimization, London: The English Universities Press Limited, 1972
Komornicki, A., Ishida, K., Morokuma, K., Ditchfield, R., Conrad, M.: Chem. Phys. Letters 45, 595 (1977)
Poppinger, D.: Chem. Phys. Letters 35, 550 (1975)
Mezey, P. G., Peterson, M. R., Csizmadia, I. G.: Can. J. Chem. 55, 2941 (1977); Peterson, M. R., Csizmadia, I. G., in: Applications of MO theory in organic chemistry, I. G. Csizmadia, Ed., Vol. 2, p. 117. Amsterdam: Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, 1977
Halgren, T. A., Lipscomb, W. N.: Chem. Phys. Letters 49, 225 (1977)
Fletcher, R.: Mol. Phys. 19, 55 (1970); Dupuis, M., King, H. F.: J. Chem. Phys. 68, 3998 (1978)
Nalewajski, R. F., Carlton, T. S.: Acta Phys. Pol. A53, 321 (1978)
Panćiř, J.: Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun. 40, 1112 (1975)
Largo-Cabrerizo, J.: An. Quim. 73, 1092 (1977)
Müller, K.: unpublished results
Halgren, T. A., Lipscomb, W. N.: J. Chem. Phys. 58, 1569 (1973)
Jug, K.: Theoret. Chim. Acta (Berl.) 42, 303 (1976)
Nelder, J. A., Mead, R.: Comput. J. 7, 308 (1964/5)
Müller, K., Brown, L. D.: to be published
Halgren, T. A., Kleier, D. A., Hall, Jr., J. H., Brown, L. D., Lipscomb, W. N.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 100, 6595 (1978)
Landolt-Börnstein: Numerical data and functional relationships in science and technology, New Series, Vol. II/7. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1976
Ritchie, C. D., Chappell, G. A.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 92, 1819 (1970)
Dedieu, A., Veillard, A.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 94, 6730 (1972)
Baybutt, P.: Mol. Phys. 29, 389 (1975)
Leforestier, C.: J. Chem. Phys. 68, 4406 (1978)
Van der Lugt, W. Th. A. M., Ros, P.: Chem. Phys. Letters 4, 389 (1969)
Mulder, J. J. C., Wright, J. S.: Chem. Phys. Letters 5, 445 (1970)
Dyczmons, V., Kutzelnigg, W.: Theoret. Chim. Acta (Berl.) 33, 239 (1974)
Keil, F., Ahlrichs, R.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 98, 4787 (1976)
Dykstra, C. E., Schaefer III, H. F.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 100, 1378 (1978)
Davis, J. H., Goddard III, W. A., Harding, L. B.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 99, 2919 (1977)
Stanton, R. E., McIver, Jr., J. W.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 97, 3632 (1975)
Powell, M. J. D.: Comput. J. 11, 302 (1968)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Müller, K., Brown, L.D. Location of saddle points and minimum energy paths by a constrained simplex optimization procedure. Theoret. Chim. Acta 53, 75–93 (1979). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00547608
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00547608