Abstract
This review paper deals with advances made in the last two decades in the acoustics of flow ducts for heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (hvac) systems and engine mufflers. The context, concepts, methods used and results have been highlighted. Frequency-domain one-dimensional analysis of reflective mufflers has been emphasized because of its basic importance and wide application. Finally, problems needing further research have been identified.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alfredson R J, Davies P O A L 1970 The radiation of sound from an engine exhaust.J. Sound Vib. 13: 389–408
Alfredson R J, Davies P O A L 1971 Performance of exhaust silencer components.J. Sound Vib. 15: 175–196
Benson R S, Garg R D, Woollatt D 1964 A numerical solution of unsteady flow problems.Int. J. Mech. Sci. 6: 117–144
Chung J Y, Blaser D A 1980a Transfer function method of measuring in-duct acoustic properties I: Theory.J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 68: 907–913
Chung J Y, Blaser D A 1980b Transfer function method of measuring in-duct acoustic properties. II: Experiment.J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 68: 914–921
Doige A G, Alves H S 1986 Experimental characterization of noise sources for duct acoustics,asme 86-WA/nca-15, Anaheim, California
Doige A G, Munjal M L, Alves H S 1988 An improved experimental method for determining transfer matrices of pipeline elements with flow.Proc. NOISE-CON 88 (New York: Inst. Noise Control Eng.) pp. 481–486
Gupta V H, Munjal M L 1988 A time-domain simulation of an IC engine exhaust system.J. Acoust. Soc. India 14: 299–305
Gupta V H, Munjal M L 1990 On numerical prediction of source characteristics of a single cylinder reciprocating engine, Report No. SV/IISc/I/61/391-R1, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore
Kant S, Munjal M L, Rao D L P 1974 Waves in branched hydraulic pipes.J. Sound Vib. 37: 507–519
Kakoty S K 1989 Bulk reaction modelling of lined ducts with and without mean flow, M E dissertation, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore
Kathuriya M L, Munjal M L 1975 An accurate method for the experimental evaluation of the acoustical impedance of a black box.J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 58: 451–454
Kathuriya M L, Munjal M L 1976 A method for the experimental evaluation of the acoustic characteristics of an engine exhaust system in the presence of mean flow.J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 60: 745–751
Kathuriya M L, Munjal M L 1977a Measurement of the acoustic impedance of a black box at low frequencies using a shorter impedance tube.J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 62: 751–754
Kathuriya M L, Munjal M L 1977b A method for the evaluation of the acoustic impedance of a black box with or without mean flow measuring pressures at fixed positions.J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 62: 755–759
Kathuriya M L, Munjal M L 1979 Experimental evaluation of the aeroacoustic characteristics of a source of pulsating gas flow.J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 65: 240–248
Lippert W K R 1953 The practical representation of standing waves in acoustic impedance tube.Acustica 3: 153–160
Lung T Y, Doige A G 1983 A time-averaging transient testing method for acoustic properties of piping systems and mufflers with flow.J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 73: 867–876
Munjal M L 1975a Velocity ratio cum transfer matrix method for evaluation of a muffler.J. Sound Vib. 39: 105–119
Munjal M L 1975b A rational synthesis of vibration isolators.J. Sound Vib. 39: 247–263
Munjal M L 1977 Exhaust noise and its control.Shock Vib. Digest 9(8): 21–32
Munjal M L 1980 A new look at the performance of reflective exhaust mufflers.Proc. DAGA′80 (Munich:VDE-Verlag) pp. 281–284
Munjal M L 1987aAcoustics of ducts and mufflers (New York: Wiley-Interscience)
Munjal M L 1987b A simple numerical method for a 3-dimensional analysis of simple expansion chamber mufflers of rectangular as well as circular cross section with stationary medium.J. Sound Vib. 116: 71–88
Munjal M L 1988 On the cut-on frequencies of a large round duct with azimuthal as well as radial partitions.J. Acoust Soc. Am. 84: 1936–1939
Munjal M L 1990 State of the art of the acoustics of active and passive mufflers.Shock Vib. Digest 22(2): 3–12
Munjal M L, Doige A G 1988 On uniqueness, transfer and combination of acoustic sources in one-dimensional systems.J. Sound Vib. 121: 25–35
Munjal M L, Doige A G 1990a On the relation between convective source characteristics and their acoustic counterparts.J. Sound Vib. 136: 343–346
Munjal M L, Doige A G 1990b Symmetry of one-dimensional systems in terms of transfer matrix parameters.J. Sound Vib. 136: 467–475
Munjal M L, Doige A G 1990c The two-microphone method incorporating the effects of mean flow and acoustic damping.J. Sound Vib. 137: 135–138
Munjal M L, Doige A G 1990d Theory of a two-source-location method for direct experimental evaluation of the four-pole parameters of an aeroacoustic element.J. Sound Vib. 140: (in press)
Munjal M L, Doige A G 1990e On a general method for modelling multi-source, one-dimensional acoustical systems.Acustica 71: (in press)
Munjal M L, Eriksson L J 1988 An analytical, one-dimensional standing wave model of a linear active noise control system in a duct.J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 84: 1086–1093
Munjal M L, Eriksson L J 1989a An exact one-dimensional analysis of the acoustic sensitivity of the anti-turbulence probe-tube in a duct.J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 85: 582–587
Munjal M L, Eriksson L J 1989b Analysis of a linear one-dimensional noise control system by means of block diagrams and transfer functions.J. Sound Vib. 129: 443–455
Munjal M L, Eriksson L J 1989c Analysis of a hybrid noise control system for a duct.J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 86: 832–834
Munjal M L, Narasimhan M V, Gupta V H 1989 Thermoacoustic modelling of two-stroke engines.Proceedings of the Workshop on Emission and its Control for Small Two-stroke Engines, (Faridabad:IOL R & D Centre)
Munjal M L, Narasimhan M V, Sreenath A V 1973a A rational approach to the synthesis of one-dimensional acoustic filters.J. Sound Vib. 29: 263–280
Munjal M L, Prasad M G 1986 On plane wave propagation in a uniform pipe in the presence of a mean flow and a temperature gradient.J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 80: 1501–1506
Munjal M L, Rao K N, Sahasrabudhe A D 1986 Aeroacoustic analysis of the two-duct reverse-flow perforated elements.J. Indian Inst. Sci. 66: 639–653
Munjal M L, Rao K N, Sahasrabudhe A D 1987 Aeroacoustic analysis of perforated muffler components.J. Sound Vib. 114: 173–188
Munjal M L, Shirahatti U S 1987 Analysis of lined ducts with mean flow, with application to dissipative mufflers.Trans. ASME (J. Vib. Acoust. Stress Reliability) 109: 366–371
Munjal M L, Sreenath A V, Narasimhan M V 1973b Velocity ratio in analysis of linear dynamical systems.J. Sound Vib. 26: 173–191
Munjal M L, Sreenath A V, Narasimhan M V 1973c An algebraic algorithm for the design and analysis of linear dynamical systems.J. Sound Vib. 26: 193–208
Olson H F 1966Dynamical analogies 3rd edn. (Princeton,NJ: Van Nostrand)
Panicker V B, Munjal M L 1981a Aeroacoustic analysis of straight-through mufflers with simple and extended-tube expansion chambers.J. Indian Inst. Sci. A63: 1–19
Panicker V B, Munjal M L 1981b Aeroacoustics of mufflers with flow reversals.J. Indian Inst. Sci. A63: 21–38
Panicker V B, Munjal M L 1981c Acoustic dissipation in a uniform tube with moving medium.J. Acoust. Soc. India 91: 95–101
Panicker V B, Munjal M L 1981d Impedance tube technology for flow acoustics.J. Sound Vib. 77: 573–577
Panicker V B, Munjal M L 1982 Radiation impedance of an unflanged pipe with mean flow.Noise Control Eng. 18: 48–51
Prasad M G 1987 A four-load method for evaluation of acoustical source impedance in a duct.J. Sound Vib. 114: 347–356
Prasad M G, Crocker M J 1983 On the measurement of the internal source impedance of a multi-cylinder engine exhaust system.J. Sound Vib. 90: 479–490
Rao K N, Munjal M L 1984 A generalized decoupling method for analyzing perforated element mufflers,Proc. Nelson Acoustics Conf., Madison, USA
Rao K N, Munjal M L 1986a Experimental evaluation of impedance of perforates with grazing flow.J. Sound Vib. 108: 283–295
Rao K N, Munjal M L 1986b Noise reduction with perforated three-duct muffler components.Sādhanā 9: 255–269
Sahasrabudhe A D 1989An efficient three-dimensional finite element analysis of simple and extended-tube expansion chamber mufflers, PhD thesis, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore
Sahasrabudhe A D, Munjal M L, Anantharamu S 1988 Finite element analysis of simple expansion chamber mufflers.J. Acoust. Soc. India 16: 293–298
Sahasrabudhe A D, Munjal M L, Anantharamu S 1989 Finite element analysis of expansion chamber mufflers by recursive substructuring of repetitive segments.Twelfth Biennial ASME Conference on Mechanical Vibration and Noise (Montreal:ASME)
Shirahatti U S, Munjal M L 1986 Acoustic performance of composite-walled barriers and enclosures with ceramic sound-absorber tiles.J. Acoust. Soc. India 14: 193–198
Shirahatti U S, Munjal M L 1987 Acoustical characterization of porous ceramic tiles.Noise Control Eng. J. 28: 26–32
Sreenath A V, Munjal M L 1970 Evaluation of noise attenuation due to exhaust mufflers.J. Sound Vib. 12: 1–19
Sullivan J W 1979a A method of modeling perforated tube muffler components. I: Theory.J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 66: 772–778
Sullivan J W 1979b A method of modeling perforated tube muffler components. II: Applications.J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 66: 779–788
Xie Z, Doige A G, Lung T Y 1982 Modelling pressure pulsation in piping systems with an arbirary number of inputs and outputs.Proc. ASME-PVP Spring Mtg. (Montreal:ASME)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Munjal, M.L. Advances in the acoustics of flow ducts and mufflers. Sadhana 15, 57–72 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02760468
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02760468