Abstract
This paper presents the development of a computational system of Situated Learning in Design (SLiDe). Situated learning is based on the notion that knowledge is more useful when it is learned in relation to its immediate and active context, ie its situation, and less useful when it is learned out of context. The usefulness of design knowledge is in its operational significance based upon where it was used and applied. SLiDe elucidates how design knowledge is learned in relation to its situation, how design situations are constructed and altered over time in response to changes taking place in the design environment. SLiDe is implemented within the domain of architectural shapes in the form of floor plans to capture the situatedness of shape semantics. SLiDe utilises an incremental learning clustering mechanism not affected by concept drift that makes it capable of constructing various situational categories and modifying them over time. The paper concludes with a discussion of the potential benefits of using SLiDe during the conceptual stages of designing.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Akman, V. and Surav, M.: 1995, Contexts, oracles, and relevance, in S. Burac (ed.), Formalizing Context, AAAI Press, Menlo Park, CA, pp. 23–30.
Balsam, P. D.: 1985, The function of context in learning and performance, in P. D. Balsam and A. Tomie (eds.), Context and Learning, L. Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ, pp. 1–21.
Barwise, J. and Perry, J.: 1983, Situations and Attitudes, The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
Cha, M. and Gero, J. S.: 1998, Shape pattern recognition using a computable pattern representation, in J. S. Gero and F. Sudweeks (eds.), Artificial Intelligence in Design’ 98, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp. 169–187.
Cheeseman, P. and Stutz, J: 1995, Bayesian classification (AutoClass): Theory and results, in U. Fayyad, G. Piatetsky-Shapiro, P. Smyth and R. Uthurusamy (eds.), Advances in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, The AAAI Press, Menlo Park, CA, pp. 61–83.
Clark, R. and Pause, M.: 1996, Precedents in Architecture, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.
Duffy, A. H. B. and Kerr, S. M.: 1993, Customised perspectives of past design from automated group rationalisations, Artificial Intelligence in Engineering, 8(3), 183–200.
Duffy, S. M. and Duffy, A. H. B.: 1996, Sharing the learning activity using intelligent cad, Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacture (AI EDAM), 10(2), 83–100.
Fisher, D.: 1987, Knowledge acquisition via incremental conceptual clustering, Machine Learning, 2, 139–172
Fisher, D. and Schlimmer, J.: 1988, Models of incremental concept learning, Technical Report 88-05, Department of Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN.
Fisher, D., Xu, L., Carnes, J., Reich, Y., Fenves, S., Chen, J., Shiavi, R., Biswas, G. and Weinberg, J.: 1993, Analysing AI clustering to engineering tasks, IEEE Expert, 8, 51–60.
Gedenryd, H.: 1998, How Designers Work, Ph.D Thesis, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
Gennari, J., Langley, P. and Fisher, D.: 1989, Models of incremental concept formation, Artificial Intelligence, 40, 11–62.
Gero, J. S. and Jun, H. J.: 1995, Getting computers to read the architectural shape semantics of drawings, ACADIA’ 95, pp. 97–112.
Gero, J. S.: 1996, Design tools that learn: A possible CAD future, in B. Kumar (ed.), Information Processing in Civil and Structural Design, Civil-Comp Press, Edinburgh, pp. 17–22.
Gero, J. S.: 1999, A model of designing that includes its situatedness, in J. Gu and Z. Wei (eds.), CAADRIA’99, Shanghai Scientific and Technological Literature Publishing House, Shanghai, pp. 235–242.
Gluck, M. and Corter, J.: 1985, Information, uncertainty and the utility categories. Proceedings of the Seventh Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Irvine, CA, pp. 283–287.
Iba, W. and Langley, P.: 1999, Unsupervised learning of probabilistic concept hierarchies. Unpublished manuscript, Institute for the Study of Learning and Expertise, Palo Alto, CA.
Kilander, F. and Jansson, C.: 1993, COBBIT: A control procedure for COBWEB in the presence of concept drift, Proceedings of the 1993 European Conference on Machine Learning, Springer-Verlag, Vienna, pp. 244–261.
Kolarevic, B.: 1997, Regulating lines and geometric relations as a framework for exploring shape, dimension and geometric organisation in design, in R. Junge (ed.), CAAD Futures 1997, Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp. 163–170.
Langley, P.: 1999, Concrete and abstract models of category learning, Proceedings of the Twenty-First Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, Lawrence Erlbaum, Vancouver, BC, pp. 288–293.
Matwin, S. and Kubat, M.: 1996, The role of context in concept learning, ICML-96 Workshop on Learning in Context-Sensitive Domains, at the 13th International Conference on Machine Learning.
Merriam-Webster’s Online, http://www.m-w.com/.
Michalski, R. and Stepp, R.: 1983. Automated construction of classification: conceptual clustering versus numerical taxonomy, IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 5(4), 396–409.
Mitchell, W. and McCullough, M.: 1991, Digital Design Media, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.
Nardi, B. A.: 1996, Studying context: A comparison of activity, theory, situated action models and distributed cognition, in B. A. Nardi (ed.), Context and Consciousness: Activity Theory and Human-Computer Interaction, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp. 69–102.
Radvansky, G. and Zacks, R.: 1997, The retrieval of situation-specific information, in M. Conway (ed.), Cognitive Models of Memory, The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp. 173–213.
Reffat, R. M. and Gero, J. S.: 1999, Situatedness: A new dimension for learning systems in design, in A. Brown, M. Knight and P., Berridge (eds.), Architectural Computing: from Turing to 2000, eCAADe and The University of Liverpool, pp. 252–261.
Reich, Y. and Fenves, S. J.: 1992, Inductive learning of synthesis knowledge, International Journal of Expert Systems: Research and Applications, 5(4), 275–297.
Reich, Y.: 1993, The development of BRIDGER: A methodological study to research in the use of machine learning in design, Artificial Intelligence in Engineering, 8(3), 165–181.
Schon, D. and Wiggins, G.: 1992, Kinds of seeing and their functions in designing, Design Studies, 13(2), 135–156.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2000 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Reffat, R.M., Gero, J.S. (2000). Computational Situated Learning in Design. In: Gero, J.S. (eds) Artificial Intelligence in Design ’00. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4154-3_29
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4154-3_29
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-5811-7
Online ISBN: 978-94-011-4154-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive