Abstract
We extend the K-means and LBG algorithms to the framework of the Grassmann manifold to perform subspace quantization. For K-means it is possible to move a subspace in the direction of another using Grassmannian geodesics. For LBG the centroid computation is now done using a flag mean algorithm for averaging points on the Grassmannian. The resulting unsupervised algorithms are applied to the MNIST digit data set and the AVIRIS Indian Pines hyperspectral data set.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Absil PA, Mahony R, Sepulchre R (2007) Optimization algorithms on matrix manifolds. Princeton University Press, Princeton
Adams H, Chepushtanova S, Emerson T, Hanson E, Kirby M, Motta F, Neville R, Peterson C, Shipman P, Ziegelmeier L (2017) Persistent images: a stable vector representation of persistent homology. J Mach Learn 18(1):218–252
Baumgardner MF, Biehl LL, Landgrebe D.A (2015) 220 band AVIRIS hyperspectral image data set: June 12, 1992 Indian Pine Test Site 3, September 2015
Beveridge JR, Draper BA, Chang JM, Kirby M, Kley H, Peterson C (2009) Principal angles separate subject illumination spaces in YDB and CMU-PIE. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 31(2):351–363
Björck A, Golub GH (1973) Numerical methods for computing angles between linear subspaces. Math Comput 27(123):579–594
Chang JM, Kirby M, Kley H, Peterson C, Beveridge J, Draper B (2007) Recognition of digital images of the human face at ultra low resolution via illumination spaces. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 4844. Springer, pp 733–743
Chepushtanova S, Kirby M (2017) Sparse Grassmannian embeddings for hyperspectral data representation and classification. IEEE Geosci Remote Sens Lett 14(3):434–438
Chepushtanova S, Kirby M, Peterson C, Ziegelmeier L (2015) An application of persistent homology on Grassmann manifolds for the detection of signals in hyperspectral imagery. In: 2015 IEEE international geoscience and remote sensing symposium (IGARSS). IEEE, pp 449–452
Chepushtanova S, Kirby M, Peterson C, Ziegelmeier L (2016) Persistent homology on Grassmann manifolds for analysis of hyperspectral movies. In: International workshop on computational topology in image context. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 9667. Springer, pp 228–239
Cireşan DC, Meier U, Gambardella LM, Schmidhuber J (2010) Deep, big, simple neural nets for handwritten digit recognition. Neural Comput 22(12):3207–3220
Draper B, Kirby M, Marks J, Marrinan T, Peterson C (2014) A flag representation for finite collections of subspaces of mixed dimensions. Linear Algebra Appl 451:15–32
Edelman A, Arias TA, Smith ST (1998) The geometry of algorithms with orthogonality constraints. SIAM J Matrix Anal Appl 20(2):303–353
Gallivan KA, Srivastava A, Liu X, Van Dooren P (2005) Efficient algorithms for inferences on Grassmann manifolds. In: 2003 IEEE workshop on statistical signal processing. IEEE, pp 15–318
Gruber P, Theis FJ (2006) Grassmann clustering. In: 2006 14th European signal processing conference. IEEE, pp 1–5
Kirby M, Peterson, C (2017) Visualizing data sets on the Grassmannian using self-organizing mappings. In: 2017 12th International workshop on self-organizing maps and learning vector quantization, clustering and data visualization (WSOM). IEEE, pp 1–6
Kohonen T (1984) Self-organization and associative memory. Springer, Berlin
Linde Y, Buzo A, Gray R (1980) An algorithm for vector quantizer design. IEEE Trans Commun 28(1):84–95
MacQueen J, et al (1967) Some methods for classification and analysis of multivariate observations. In: Proceedings of the fifth Berkeley symposium on mathematical statistics and probability, vol 1, Oakland, CA, USA, pp 281–297
Marrinan T, Beveridge JR, Draper B, Kirby M, Peterson C (2015) Flag manifolds for the characterization of geometric structure in large data sets. In: Numerical mathematics and advanced applications-ENUMATH 2013. Springer, pp 457–465
Marrinan T, Draper B, Beveridge JR, Kirby M, Peterson C (2014) Finding the subspace mean or median to fit your need. In: 2014 IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR). IEEE, pp 1082–1089
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Stiverson, S., Kirby, M., Peterson, C. (2020). Subspace Quantization on the Grassmannian. In: Vellido, A., Gibert, K., Angulo, C., MartÃn Guerrero, J. (eds) Advances in Self-Organizing Maps, Learning Vector Quantization, Clustering and Data Visualization. WSOM 2019. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 976. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19642-4_25
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19642-4_25
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-19641-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-19642-4
eBook Packages: Intelligent Technologies and RoboticsIntelligent Technologies and Robotics (R0)