Malajci

Malajci
Orang Melayu
Ukupna populacija
oko 30.000.000
Značajno stanovništvo u
Malezija (2023 popis)	17.600.000
Indonezija (2010 popis)	8.753.791
Tajland	2.150.950
Singapur (2020 popis)	545.498
Brunej	314.560
Šablon:Podaci o zastavi Arapski svijet	oko 50.000
Australija	33.183
Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo	oko 33.000
SAD	29.431
Mjanmar	oko 27.000
Kanada	16.920
Japan	11.287
Jezik
Malajski jezik
Vjera
Islam
Vezane etničke grupe
Ostali austronezijski narodi

Malajci (malajski: Orang Melayu; Jawi: أورڠ ملايو) jesu austronezijska etnoreligijska grupa porijeklom iz istočne Sumatre, Malajsko poluostrvo i obalnog Bornea, kao i manjih ostrva koja se nalaze između ovih lokacija. Ove lokacije su danas dio zemalja Malezije, Indonezije (istočna i južna Sumatra, ostrva Bangka Belitung, Zapadni Kalimantan i Riau ostrva), južnog dijela Tajlanda (Pattani, Satun, Songkhla, Yala i Narathiwat), Singapura i Bruneja.

Postoji značajna jezička, kulturna, umjetnička i društvena raznolikost među mnogim malajskim podgrupama, uglavnom zbog stotina godina imigracije i asimilacije različitih regionalnih etničkih grupa i plemena unutar pomorske jugoistočne Azije. Istorijski gledano, malajska populacija potiče prvenstveno od ranijih Austronezijanaca i austroazijskih plemena koji su govorili malajski koji su osnovali nekoliko drevnih pomorskih trgovačkih država i kraljevstava, posebno Brunej, Kedah, Langkasuka, Gangga Negara, Chi Tu, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Pahang, Melayu i Srivijaya.

Pojava Malaka sultanata u 15. vijeku pokrenula je veliku revoluciju u malajskoj historiji, čiji značaj leži u njegovom dalekosežnom političkom i kulturnom naslijeđu. Smatra se da su uobičajeni definitivne karakteristike malajstva – religija islama, malajski jezik i tradicija – proglašeni tokom ove ere, što je rezultiralo etnogenezom Malajaca kao glavne etnoreligijske grupe u regiji. U književnosti, arhitekturi, kuhinji, tradicionalnoj nošnji, izvođačkim umjetnostima, borilačkim vještinama i kraljevskim dvorskim tradicijama, Malaka je postavila standard koji su kasnije malajski sultanati oponašali. Zlatno doba malajskih sultanata na Malajskom poluostrvu, Sumatri i Borneu je rezultiralo time što su mnogi njihovi stanovnici, posebno iz različitih plemenskih zajednica kao što su Batak, Dayak, Orang Asli i Orang Laut, postali islamizirani i malajizirani. Tokom historije, termin "malajski" je proširen na druge etničke grupe unutar "malajskog svijeta"; ova upotreba je danas uglavnom ograničena na Maleziju i Singapur, gdje se potomci imigranata iz ove etničke grupe nazivaju anak dagang ("trgovci") i koji su pretežno s indonezijskog arhipelaga kao što su Ačehci, Banjarese, Bugis, Mandailing , Minangkabau i Javanci.

Tokom svoje historije, Malajci su bili poznati kao obalna trgovačka zajednica sa fluidnim kulturnim karakteristikama. Oni su apsorbirali, dijelili i prenijeli brojne kulturne karakteristike drugih lokalnih etničkih grupa, poput onih Minanga i Ačehaca.

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• Winarno, Bondan (21. 6. 2010). "Gulai Ketam, Asam-Asam Pedas". Detik Food. Arhivirano s originala, 23. 6. 2010.
• Winstedt, Richard Olaf (1925), Shaman Saiva and Sufi (2008 edition), London: BiblioLife, ISBN 978-1-4346-8633-6
• Wolters, Oliver William (1999), History, culture, and region in Southeast Asian perspectives, Singapore: Cornell University Southeast Asia Program Publications, ISBN 978-0-87727-725-5
• Wong, Hoy Kee (1973), Comparative studies in Southeast Asian education, Heinemann Educational Books (Asia), ISBN 978-0-686-60339-9
• Wright, John (2007), The New York Times Almanac 2001, New York: The New York Times Company, ISBN 978-1-57958-348-4
• Wright, Thomas (2004), The travels of Marco Polo, the Venetian: the translation of Marsden revised, with a selection of his notes, Kessinger Publishing, LLC, ISBN 978-1-4191-8573-1
• Yunos, Rozan; Begawan, Bandar Seri (24. 10. 2011). "In search of Brunei Malays outside Brunei". Brunei Times. Arhivirano s originala, 14. 5. 2016.
• Zakaria, Faizal Izzani (3. 9. 2016). "Keris jiwa Melayu dan Nusantara". Utusan online. Arhivirano s originala, 1. 12. 2017. Pristupljeno 20. 11. 2017.
• Zaki Ragman (2003), Gateway to Malay culture, Singapore: Asiapac Books Pte Ltd, ISBN 978-981-229-326-8
• Ziegler, Oswald Leopol (1972), The world and south east Asia, Oswald Ziegler Enterprises, ISBN 978-0-909586-03-4

Dodatna literatura

• "Genetic 'map' of Asia's diversity". BBC News. 11. 12. 2009.
• "Pakaian Tradisi" [Traditional Clothing] (jezik: malajski). Kementerian Kebudayaan, Belia dan Sukan [Ministry of Culture, Youth and Sports]. Arhivirano s originala, 4. 4. 2010. Pristupljeno 20. 7. 2010.
• "Royal and Palace Customs: Dresses For Ceremonies And Functions". Yang di-Pertuan Agong. Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia. Arhivirano s originala, 10. 5. 2011. Pristupljeno 20. 7. 2010.
• Ananta, Aris; Arifin, Evi Nurvidya; Hasbullah, M. Sairi; Handayani, Nur Budi; Pramono, Agus (2013). "Changing Ethnic Composition:Indonesia, 2000–2010" (PDF). XXVII IUSSP International Population Conference. Busan, Korea: International Union for the Scientific Study of Population. Pristupljeno 10. 1. 2016.
• Collins, Alan (2003), Security and Southeast Asia: domestic, regional, and global issues, Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, ISBN 978-981-230-230-4
• Dewaele, Jean-Marc; Beardsmore, Hugo Baetens; Housen, Alex; Li, Wei (2003), Bilingualism: beyond basic principles, Clevedon: Multilingual Matters, ISBN 978-1-85359-625-4
• Hatin WI, Nur-Shafawati AR, Zahri M, Xu S, Jin L, et al. (The HUGO Pan-Asian SNP Consortium) (2011). "Population Genetic Structure of Peninsular Malaysia Malay Sub-Ethnic Groups". PLOS ONE. 6 (4): e18312. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...618312H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0018312. PMC 3071720. PMID 21483678.
• Loh, Arnold (21. 5. 2016). "Experts disagree on religion practised at ruins older than Borobodur and Angkor Wat". The Star.
• Pogadaev, V.A. (2012), Dunia Melayu (Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapura): Kamus Lingua-Budaya [Malay World (Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore). Lingua-Cultural Dictionary], Moscow: Vostochnaya Kniga, ISBN 978-5-7873-0658-3
• "Sejarah Orang Melayu Sarawak" [The History of Sarawakian Malay] (jezik: malajski). Amanah Khairat Yayasan Melayu Sarawak. Pristupljeno 22. 6. 2022.